TWI716557B - 切換調節器 - Google Patents

切換調節器 Download PDF

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TWI716557B
TWI716557B TW106107893A TW106107893A TWI716557B TW I716557 B TWI716557 B TW I716557B TW 106107893 A TW106107893 A TW 106107893A TW 106107893 A TW106107893 A TW 106107893A TW I716557 B TWI716557 B TW I716557B
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control circuit
signal
output
input
terminal
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TW106107893A
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TW201806301A (zh
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河野明大
後藤克也
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日商艾普凌科有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提供具備消耗電力少的導通時間控制電路的切換調節器。導通時間控制電路具備藉由控制切換元件的導通斷開的信號而導通斷開的開關，且設為在切換元件的斷開時間斷開的構成。

Description

切換調節器
本發明是有關於一種切換調節器。
作為切換調節器的控制方法之一，有COT(Constant On Time，固定導通時間)控制。
圖3是習知的COT控制的切換調節器的電路圖。
切換調節器300中，利用將基於輸出電壓VOUT的反饋電壓VFB與基準電壓VREF進行比較的錯誤比較器10輸出的信號、及導通時間控制電路31輸出的信號，R-S正反器13輸出控制切換元件的信號。導通時間控制電路31為COT控制中所必需的電路。
圖4是習知的導通時間控制電路的電路圖。
導通時間控制電路31利用電流源33流出的與輸入電源電壓VIN成比例的電流對電容器2進行充電，以電流源34流出的電流而驅動的比較器35將電容器32的電壓與輸出電壓VOUT進行比較來決定導通時間。因此，導通時間控制電路31決定與輸入電源電壓VIN成反比例且與輸出電壓VOUT成比例的導通時間(例如參照專利文獻1)。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2015-188300號公報
然而，最近的要求低消耗電力、效率改善的電池驅動的行動裝置、可穿戴式裝置中，除切換元件的低導通電阻外，類比電路塊的低消耗電力化成為當務之急。
導通時間控制電路31存在如下課題，即，因電流源33或電流源34流出的電流，在切換元件的斷開時間亦消耗電力，尤其輕負載時存在不需要的電力消耗。
本發明鑒於所述課題而完成，目的在於提供一種具備消耗電力少的導通時間控制電路的切換調節器。
為了解決所述問題，具備本發明的導通時間控制電路的切換調節器設為以下的構成。
一種切換調節器，根據電源電壓並藉由切換元件對輸出端子輸出所需的輸出電壓，所述切換調節器的特徵在於包括：錯誤比較器，對所述輸出電壓進行監視而輸出設置信號；導通時間控制電路，輸出控制所述切換元件的導通時間的重置信號；R-S正反器，基於所述設置信號與所述重置信號，輸出決定使所述切換元件導通的期間的導通信號；以及輸出控制電路，基於所述R-S正反器的導通信號對所述切換元件輸出控制信號，所述導通時間控制電路包括：被輸入所述R-S正反器輸出的導通信號的第一輸入端子，及被輸入所述輸出控制電路輸出的控制信號的第二輸入 端子，基於輸入至所述第二輸入端子的所述控制信號進行間歇動作。
根據具備本發明的導通時間控制電路的切換調節器，因設為使導通時間控制電路在切換元件的斷開時間斷開的構成，故具有可降低消耗電力的效果。尤其在輕負載時，消耗電力的降低效果增大。
1:反相器
2、32:電容器
3、4、33、34:電流源
5、35:比較器
6、18:NMOS電晶體
7、8:開關
10:錯誤比較器
11、31:導通時間控制電路
12:基準電壓電路
13:R-S正反器
14:輸出控制電路
15、16:驅動器
17:PMOS電晶體
19:電感器
20:電容器
21:分壓電路
100、300:切換調節器
IN:輸入端子
IN1:第一輸入端子
IN2:第二輸入端子
R:重置端子
S:設置端子
Q、OUT:輸出端子
VFB:反饋電壓
VIN:電源電壓
VOUT:輸出電壓
VREF:基準電壓
圖1是表示本發明的COT控制的切換調節器的一例的電路圖。
圖2是表示本實施形態的導通時間控制電路的一例的電路圖。
圖3是習知的COT控制的切換調節器的電路圖。
圖4是表示習知的導通時間控制電路的電路圖。
以下，參照圖式對本發明的實施形態進行說明。
圖1是表示本發明的COT控制的切換調節器的一例的電路圖。
切換調節器100包括：錯誤比較器10，導通時間控制電路11，基準電壓電路12，R-S正反器13，輸出控制電路14，驅動器15及驅動器16，作為高端切換元件的PMOS(P-channel metal oxide semiconductor，P型金氧半導體)電晶體17，作為低端切換元件的NMOS(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor，N型金氧半導體)電晶體18，電感器19，電容器20，分壓電路21，被輸入電源電壓VIN的電源端子，及輸出有輸出電壓VOUT的輸出端子。
COT控制的切換調節器100為一般構成，因而省略連接關係的說明。
圖2是表示本實施形態的導通時間控制電路11的一例的電路圖。
導通時間控制電路11包括反相器1、電容器2、電流源3及電流源4、比較器5、NMOS電晶體6、開關7及開關8、第一輸入端子IN1、第二輸入端子IN2、及輸出端子OUT。
第一輸入端子IN1連接著R-S正反器13的輸出端子Q。第二輸入端子IN2連接著輸出控制電路14的第一輸出端子。反相器1的輸入端子連接於第一輸入端子IN1，輸出端子連接於NMOS電晶體6的閘極。電流源3的一端連接於電源端子，另一端連接於開關7的一端。開關7的另一端連接於NMOS電晶體6的汲極及電容器2的一端，控制端子連接於第二輸入端子IN2。NMOS電晶體6的閘極與電容器2的另一端連接於GND。比較器5的非反相輸入端子連接於電容器2的一端，反相輸入端子被輸入有輸出電壓VOUT。電流源4的一端連接於電源端子，另一端連接於開關8的一端。開關8的另一端連接於比較器5被供給動作電流的端子，控制端子連接於第二輸入端子IN2。
分壓電路21基於輸出電壓VOUT輸出反饋電壓VFB。基準電壓電路12輸出基準電壓VREF。錯誤比較器10將反饋電壓VFB與基準電壓VREF進行比較，在反饋電壓VFB為基準電壓VREF以下的情況下，錯誤比較器10輸出H信號。R-S正反器13在設置端子S中輸入該H信號時，自輸出端子Q輸出H信號。該H信號被輸入至導通時間控制電路11的第一輸入端子IN1與輸出控制電路14的輸入端子。
接收該H信號後，輸出控制電路14自第一輸出端子輸出使PMOS電晶體17導通的L信號。導通時間控制電路11接收來自輸出端子Q的H信號與來自輸出控制電路14的第一輸出端子的L信號而開始動作，若規定的時間經過則對R-S正反器13的重置端子R輸出H信號。然後，R-S正反器13自輸出端子Q對導通時間控制電路11的第一輸入端子IN1及輸出控制電路14的輸入端子輸出L信號。接收該L信號後，輸出控制電路14自第一輸出端子輸出使PMOS電晶體17斷開的H信號。
如此，切換調節器100進行切換動作，對輸出端子輸出所需的輸出電壓VOUT。
導通時間控制電路11如以下般進行動作而實現低消耗電力化。
當第一輸入端子IN1被輸入自R-S正反器13的輸出端子Q輸出的H信號時，NMOS電晶體6斷開。當第二輸入端子IN2被輸入自輸出控制電路14的第一輸出端子輸出的、使PMOS電晶體 17導通的L信號時，開關7及開關8導通。比較器5因被供給電流源4的電流，故開始動作，自輸出端子OUT輸出L信號。電容器2以電流源3的電流充電。比較器5在電容器2的電壓為輸出電壓VOUT以上時，自輸出端子OUT輸出H信號。
導通時間控制電路11的輸出端子OUT連接於R-S正反器13的重置端子R。因此，當導通時間控制電路11輸出H信號時，R-S正反器13被重置，因而輸出控制電路14自第一輸出端子輸出使PMOS電晶體17斷開的H信號。然後，導通時間控制電路11的第一輸入端子IN1中輸入有L信號，第二輸入端子IN2中輸入有H信號，因而將電容器2放電，開關7及開關8斷開而停止動作。
如以上說明般，本實施形態的導通時間控制電路11在第二輸入端子IN2具備藉由自輸出控制電路14的第一輸出端子輸入的信號而導通斷開控制的開關7及開關8，構成為僅在PMOS電晶體17導通時動作，即以進行間歇動作的方式，因而可削減切換調節器的消耗電力。尤其，在切換調節器的輕負載時消耗電力的削減效果大。
再者，使用圖1及圖2的電路圖對本發明的實施形態進行了說明，但本發明不限於該電路，在不脫離發明的主旨的範圍內能夠進行各種變更。例如，停止電流供給的開關7、開關8的斷開的時機亦可基於NMOS電晶體18導通的信號。
10‧‧‧錯誤比較器
11‧‧‧導通時間控制電路
12‧‧‧基準電壓電路
13‧‧‧R-S正反器
14‧‧‧輸出控制電路
15、16‧‧‧驅動器
17‧‧‧PMOS電晶體
18‧‧‧NMOS電晶體
19‧‧‧電感器
20‧‧‧電容器
21‧‧‧分壓電路
100‧‧‧切換調節器
R‧‧‧重置端子
S‧‧‧設置端子
Q‧‧‧輸出端子
VFB‧‧‧反饋電壓
VIN‧‧‧電源電壓
VOUT‧‧‧輸出電壓
VREF‧‧‧基準電壓

Claims (2)

  1. 一種切換調節器，根據電源電壓並藉由切換元件對輸出端子輸出所需的輸出電壓，所述切換調節器的特徵在於包括：錯誤比較器，對所述輸出電壓進行監視而輸出設置信號；導通時間控制電路，輸出控制所述切換元件的導通時間的重置信號；R-S正反器，基於所述設置信號與所述重置信號，輸出決定使所述切換元件導通的期間的導通信號；以及輸出控制電路，基於所述R-S正反器的所述導通信號對所述切換元件輸出控制信號，所述導通時間控制電路包括：被輸入所述R-S正反器輸出的所述導通信號的第一輸入端子，及被輸入所述輸出控制電路輸出的所述控制信號的第二輸入端子，所述導通時間控制電路基於輸入至所述第二輸入端子的所述控制信號的狀態而關閉或開啟，藉以達到進行間歇動作。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的切換調節器，其中所述導通時間控制電路包括：基於輸入至所述第二輸入端子的所述控制信號控制導通斷開的開關，及連接於所述開關的電流源，所述開關在使所述切換元件斷開的期間斷開，阻斷自所述電流源對所述導通時間控制電路的電流供給。
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