TWI716086B - 流量計 - Google Patents

流量計 Download PDF

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TWI716086B
TWI716086B TW108130346A TW108130346A TWI716086B TW I716086 B TWI716086 B TW I716086B TW 108130346 A TW108130346 A TW 108130346A TW 108130346 A TW108130346 A TW 108130346A TW I716086 B TWI716086 B TW I716086B
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magnetic field
rotating structure
processing circuit
magnetic
rotating
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TW202108987A (zh
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張元溪
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和旺昌噴霧股份有限公司
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Priority to TW108130346A priority Critical patent/TWI716086B/zh
Priority to CN202010800022.1A priority patent/CN112414478A/zh
Priority to EP20190435.6A priority patent/EP3783319B1/en
Priority to US16/995,260 priority patent/US11397101B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/10—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission
    • G01F1/115—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device
    • G01F1/1155—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device with magnetic coupling only in a mechanical transmission path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F3/00—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow
    • G01F3/02—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement
    • G01F3/04—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having rigid movable walls
    • G01F3/06—Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow with measuring chambers which expand or contract during measurement having rigid movable walls comprising members rotating in a fluid-tight or substantially fluid-tight manner in a housing
    • G01F3/10—Geared or lobed impeller meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/06—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission
    • G01F1/075—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/06—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission
    • G01F1/075—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device
    • G01F1/0755—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device with magnetic coupling only in a mechanical transmission path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/06—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with tangential admission
    • G01F1/08—Adjusting, correcting or compensating means therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/10—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission
    • G01F1/115—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission with magnetic or electromagnetic coupling to the indicating device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/10—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects using rotating vanes with axial admission
    • G01F1/12—Adjusting, correcting, or compensating means therefor
    • G01F1/125—Adjusting, correcting, or compensating means therefor with electric, electro-mechanical or electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/28—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with stationary measuring chambers having constant volume during measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/007—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus comprising means to prevent fraud
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/06—Indicating or recording devices
    • G01F15/065—Indicating or recording devices with transmission devices, e.g. mechanical
    • G01F15/066—Indicating or recording devices with transmission devices, e.g. mechanical involving magnetic transmission devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/06—Indicating or recording devices
    • G01F15/068—Indicating or recording devices with electrical means

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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

一種流量計，包含：旋轉結構、感測元件以及處理電路。旋轉結構具有軸心、旋轉件及磁性件，其中旋轉件可受管路內流體帶動而環繞軸心旋轉，磁性件以二磁極平行於旋轉件之旋轉圓周之切線設置於旋轉件。感測元件與旋轉結構相隔一間距，包含第一感測單元及第二感測單元，分別感測磁性件於第一方向及第二方向之磁場而產生第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號。處理電路連接感測元件，依據第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生旋轉結構之角度。

Description

流量計
本發明有關流量計，且特別是有關一種具有旋轉結構之流量計。
為了監控管路內流體的狀態，針對不同性質的流體，現有技術提供各式流量計，包含：超音波流量計、變面積式流量計、科氏力流量計、蹼輪式流量計、容積式流量計、渦輪式流量計、層流式流量計、電磁式流量計、熱質式流量計等。
於各式流量計，蹼輪式流量計、容積式流量計及渦輪式流量計包含具有磁性元件的旋轉結構、感測器及處理電路，旋轉結構設置於管路內，感測器與旋轉結構相隔一間距，當流體帶動旋轉結構，磁性元件周圍的磁場強度產生周期性變化，感測器感測磁場強度變化產生脈衝式感測訊號，處理電路依據脈衝式感測訊號產生流量。
於上述具有旋轉結構的流量計，旋轉結構旋轉至少60到180度才能產生一個脈衝式感測訊號，當旋轉結構的轉速較低（低流量），單位時間內脈衝式感測訊號數較少，處理電路無法產生可靠的流量數據，習知流量計在低流量的實測誤差可達5倍以上；再者，處理電路無法由脈衝式感測訊號判斷流體流向，亦無法區分磁場強度變化的原因是來自流體流速變化、旋轉機構磨損或外部磁場干擾，從而影響流量數據的可信度。
習知具有旋轉結構的流量計存在流量感測範圍受到限制、無法判斷流向及旋轉結構異常、無法區分流速變化及外部磁場干擾等問題。 如何解決現有技術的種種問題，提升具有旋轉結構之流量計的流量感測範圍、準確度及可信度，即為發展本發明的主要目的。
為達上述目的，本發明提供一種流量計，包含：旋轉結構、感測元件以及處理電路。旋轉結構具有軸心、旋轉件及磁性件，其中旋轉件可受管路內流體帶動而環繞軸心旋轉，磁性件以二磁極平行於旋轉件之旋轉圓周之切線設置於旋轉件。感測元件與旋轉結構相隔一間距，包含第一感測單元及第二感測單元，分別感測磁性件於第一方向及第二方向之磁場而產生第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號。處理電路連接感測元件，依據第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生旋轉結構之角度。
於一實施例，上述旋轉件之數量為複數，各上述旋轉件設置有上述磁性件。
於一實施例，上述第一方向及上述第二方向相垂直。
於一實施例，上述處理電路依據上述第一磁場分量訊號及上述第二磁場分量訊號計算二時間點之上述旋轉結構之角度變化量產生上述旋轉結構之角速度，且依據上述旋轉結構之角速度及上述管路之截面積產生上述流體之流量。
於一實施例，上述處理電路依據上述旋轉結構之角度變化量判斷上述流體之流向。
於一實施例，上述流量計進一步包含：顯示模組，連接上述處理電路，用以顯示上述流體之流量。
於一實施例，上述流量計進一步包含：通訊模組，連接上述處理電路，通過有線或無線方式將上述旋轉結構之角度傳輸至監控裝置，監控裝置計算二時間點之上述旋轉結構之角度變化量產生上述旋轉結構之角速度，且依據上述旋轉結構之角速度及上述管路之截面積乘積產生上述流體之流量。
於一實施例，上述處理電路進一步依據上述第一磁場分量訊號及上述第二磁場分量訊號產生磁場強度。
於一實施例，上述處理電路預設磁場強度上限值及磁場強度下限值，當上述磁場強度高於磁場強度上限值，上述處理電路產生外部磁場干擾之異常資訊；當上述磁場強度低於磁場強度下限值，上述處理電路產生旋轉結構損壞之異常資訊。
於本發明之流量計，旋轉結構具有二磁極平行於旋轉圓周切線的磁性件，感測元件產生磁性件在不同方向上的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號，處理電路依據不同方向上的二磁場分量訊號可運算出極小的旋轉角變化量及磁場強度，藉由旋轉角變化量及磁場強度，處理電路除可產生流體流量，可進一步判斷流體流向、及旋轉結構是否損耗或是否有外部磁場干擾等異常。相較於現有流量計，本發明之流量計可大幅提高測量低流量的靈敏度及準確度，且減少測量誤差及空窗。
以下配合圖式及元件符號對本發明的實施方式做更詳細的說明，俾使熟習本發明所屬技術領域中之通常知識者在研讀本說明書後可據以實施本發明。
第1圖為本發明之流量計之方塊圖。如第1圖所示，流量計1例如是蹼輪式流量計、渦輪式流量計、(單/多)噴嘴葉輪式流量計、齒輪式流量計等，包含：旋轉結構11、感測元件12、以及處理電路13。旋轉結構11具有磁性件，可隨管路內流體流動而產生磁場變化。感測元件12與旋轉結構11相隔一間距(例如一至數十公釐)而分離設置，用以感測旋轉結構11的磁場變化而產生感測訊號。處理電路13連接感測元件12，依據感測訊號產生旋轉結構11的角度。
處理電路13可依據旋轉結構11的角度自行計算管路內的流體流量，或通過通訊模組將旋轉結構11的角度傳輸至裝載有流量計算程式的監控裝置。於一實施例，流量計1進一步包含連接處理電路13的顯示模組(未圖示)，處理電路13計算二時間點之旋轉結構11的角度變化量產生旋轉結構11的角速度，再依據旋轉結構11的角速度及管路的截面積產生流體的流量，顯示模組顯示處理電路13產生的流量數據。於另一實施例，流量計1進一步包含連接處理電路13的通訊模組(未圖示)，通訊模組將旋轉結構11的角度通過有線或無線方式傳輸至監控裝置(未圖示)，監控裝置計算二時間點之旋轉結構11的角度變化量產生旋轉結構11的角速度，再依據旋轉結構11的角速度及管路的截面積產生流體的流量。
第2A、2B及2C圖分別為本發明之蹼輪式流量計、渦輪式流量計及齒輪式流量計之旋轉結構之剖視圖。如第2A、2B及2C圖所示，旋轉結構11a, 11b, 11c具有軸心111a, 111b, 111c、旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c及磁性件113a, 113b, 113c。軸心111a, 111b, 111c及旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c的材料可選用金屬及工程塑膠，磁性件113a, 113b, 113c的材料可選用高導磁率的合金或鐵氧體料。旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c的數量為複數，可受流體帶動而環繞軸心111a, 111b, 111c旋轉。依據旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c的旋轉圓周大小，磁性件113a, 113b, 113c的數量可為單一或複數，於較小的旋轉圓周，各旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c設置單一磁性件113a, 113b, 113c，磁性件113a, 113b, 113c以二磁極（N/S）平行於旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c之旋轉圓周的切線設置於旋轉件112a, 112b, 112c的一側，使磁性件113a, 113b, 113c的磁力線（如第2A、2B及2C圖中環形線所示）環繞旋轉圓周的切線。
第2D圖為本發明另一實施例之渦輪式流量計之旋轉結構之剖視圖。如第2D圖所示，旋轉結構11d具有軸心111d、旋轉件112d及磁性件113d，於較大的旋轉圓周，各旋轉件112d設置複數磁性件113d，可增強感測元件感測磁場變化的輸出訊號。
感測元件為角位移磁場感測元件，包含第一感測單元及第二感測單元，第一感測單元及第二感測單元可選用包含但不限於：異向磁阻感測器(anisotropic magnetoresistance, AMR)、巨磁阻感測器(giant magnetoresistance, GMR)、穿隧磁阻感測器(tunnel magnetoresistance, TMR)、霍爾感測器等。第一感測單元及第二感測單元彼此相隔一角度（例如但不限於45、90、135度），分別感測磁性件於第一方向及第二方向上的磁場，而產生第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號。
值得一提的是，現有蹼輪式流量計、渦輪式流量計及齒輪式流量計，磁性件的二極沿旋轉件（即蹼片、葉片或齒輪等）的徑向設置，感測元件僅能感測各磁性件的徑向磁場強度變化產生脈衝式感測訊號，無法產生二不同方向上的磁場強度訊號。
第3圖為依據本發明之一實施例之感測元件之電路圖。如第3圖所示，於本實施例，使用二組惠斯登電橋（Wheatstone bridge）作為感測元件12的第一感測單元121及第二感測單元122，第一感測單元121及第二感測單元122彼此垂直設置，第一感測單元121感測垂直方向上（如第3圖所示Y軸向）磁場的強度及方向，產生第一磁場分量訊號V out -y；第二感測單元122感測水平方向上（第3圖所示X軸向）磁場的強度及方向，產生第二磁場分量訊號V out -x；感測元件12將第一磁場分量訊號V out -y及第二磁場分量訊號V out -x傳輸至處理電路。
處理電路例如是包含儲存、類比/數位訊號轉換、邏輯運算、計時等功能的微控制器或系統晶片。由於感測元件產生不同方向上的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號，處理電路可將第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號作反正切函數運算(arctangent operation)，獲得旋轉結構於感測時點(t i，i=1~n)的旋轉角(Θ i，i=1~n)；處理電路或裝載有流量計算程式的監控裝置將前後二時點的旋轉角作差分運算(Θ n-Θ n-1/t n-t n-1)即可獲得旋轉結構的角速度(ω)；將旋轉結構的角速度(ω)換算為管路內流體的流速(v)且乘上預設的管路截面積(A)，即獲得管路內流體的流量。此外，旋轉結構前後二時點的旋轉角遞增(Θ n-Θ n-1＞0)定義為逆時針旋轉，旋轉結構前後二時點的旋轉角遞減(Θ n-Θ n-1＜0)定義為順時針旋轉，處理電路根據旋轉結構的角度變化量(或角速度的旋轉方向)即可判斷管路內流體的流向。
第4A圖為本發明之一實施例之旋轉角及磁場強度訊號示意圖，於本實施例，旋轉結構設置單一磁性件，處理電路預先設定接收單一磁性件的磁場感測訊號，旋轉結構設置的磁性件與感測元件位於旋轉圓周同一徑向的最近側及最遠側分別定義為0度及180度。如第4A圖所示，右側縱軸表示處理電路運算感測元件的磁場強度(0至1)，左側縱軸表示處理電路運算感測元件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生磁性件的旋轉角(Θi)，橫軸表示旋轉結構實際的旋轉角(Θj)。當旋轉結構實際上由0度旋轉至180度，處理電路運算感測元件感測磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度(如第4A圖中虛線所示)由高峰值遞減至最低值，且定義旋轉結構的旋轉角(如第4A圖中實線所示)由0度遞增至180度；當旋轉結構實際上由180度旋轉至360度，處理電路運算感測元件感測磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度由最低值遞增至高峰值，且定義旋轉結構的旋轉角由180度遞增至360度，而產生旋轉結構旋轉一周的計數資料。處理電路可依據旋轉結構旋轉一周的時間或依據單位時間(例如每秒)的旋轉角度產生旋轉結構的旋轉速度(ω)，進而以旋轉速度與預設的管路截面積乘積產生流體流量。
值得說明的是，於測量大管徑管路的流量，通常使用尺寸較大的旋轉結構，大尺寸旋轉結構旋轉圓周的直徑較大，若旋轉結構設置單一磁性件，感測元件的磁場強度最低值可能過小，因而增加處理電路運算流量數據的誤差。一般而言，若處理電路運算感測元件的磁場強度最低值不小於0.5，則可選用具有單一磁性件的旋轉結構；若處理電路運算感測元件的磁場強度最低值不大於0.25，則可選用具有複數磁性件的旋轉結構，增強感測元件感測磁性件的磁場強度，可有效降低處理電路運算流量數據的誤差。並降低外部磁場的干擾。
第4B圖為本發明之另一實施例之旋轉角及磁場強度訊號示意圖，於本實施例，旋轉結構相對設置（即相隔180度）二磁性件，處理電路預先設定接收二磁性件的磁場感測訊號，旋轉結構設置的二磁性件分別定義為第一磁性件及第二磁性件，第一磁性件與感測元件位於旋轉圓周同一徑向的最近側及最遠側分別定義為0度及180度，如第4B圖所示，右側縱軸表示處理電路運算感測元件的磁場強度(0至1)，左側縱軸表示處理電路運算感測元件感測第一及第二磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生磁性旋轉角(Θ i)訊號，橫軸表示處旋轉結構實際的旋轉角(Θ j)。當旋轉結構實際上由0度旋轉至90度，處理電路運算感測元件感測第一及第二磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度（如第4B圖中虛線所示）由高峰值遞減至最低值，處理電路定義旋轉結構的旋轉角（如第4B圖中實線所示）由0度遞增至180度；當旋轉結構實際上由90度旋轉至180度，處理電路運算感測元件感測第一及第二磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度由最低值遞增至高峰值，處理電路定義旋轉結構的旋轉角由180度遞增為360度；當旋轉結構實際上由180度旋轉至270度，處理電路運算感測元件感測第一及第二磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度再次由高峰值遞減至最低值，處理電路定義旋轉結構的旋轉角再次由0度遞增至180度；當旋轉結構實際上由270度旋轉至360度，處理電路運算感測元件感測第一及第二磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生的磁場強度再次由最低值遞增至高峰值，處理電路定義旋轉結構的旋轉角由180度遞增為360度；當處理電路定義旋轉結構由0至360度旋轉二次，處理電路產生旋轉結構旋轉一周的計數資料，依據旋轉結構旋轉一周的時間或依據單位時間(例如每秒)的旋轉角度產生旋轉結構的旋轉速度(ω)，進而以旋轉速度與預設的管路截面積乘積產生流體流量。
由於處理電路依據磁性件在二方向上的磁場分量訊號產生旋轉結構的角度(旋轉角)及角速度(旋轉速度)，只要感測元件可感測出磁性件的磁場強度變化，處理電路運算旋轉角即無關於磁性件的磁場強度，且可運算出極小的旋轉角變化量，大幅提高流量計測量低流量的靈敏度及準確度。
第5圖為本發明之一實施例之磁場強度示意圖，於本實施例，處理電路預設磁性件的磁場強度上限值及磁場強度下限值。如第5圖所示，縱軸表示感測元件感測磁性件的磁場強度(R)，橫軸對應旋轉結構旋轉一周的旋轉角，處理電路依據磁性件的第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號產生磁場強度。若磁場強度高於磁場強度上限值(Rmax)，表示有外部磁場干擾，處理電路產生外部磁場干擾的異常資訊，以提示使用者檢查流量計的設置環境；若磁場強度低於磁場強度下限值(Rmin)，表示旋轉結構脫落或磨耗，處理電路產生旋轉結構損壞的異常資訊；藉此，處理電路可監控感測元件的外部磁場干擾及旋轉結構的運作狀態，有效減少流量計的測量誤差及空窗。
綜上所述，本發明之流量計包含旋轉結構、感測元件及處理電路，旋轉結構具有二磁極平行於旋轉圓周切線的磁性件，感測元件可產生磁性件在不同方向上的第一及第二磁場分量訊號，處理電路依據不同方向上的二磁場分量訊號可計算出極小的旋轉角變化量及磁場強度，藉由旋轉角變化量及磁場強度，處理電路或監控裝置除可產生流體流量，可進一步判斷流體流向、及旋轉結構是否損耗或是否有外部磁場干擾等異常。相較於現有流量計，本發明之流量計可大幅提高測量低流量的靈敏度及準確度，且減少測量誤差及空窗。
上述實施例僅例示性說明本發明之原理及其功效，而非用於限制本發明。任何熟習此項專業之人士均可在不違背本發明之精神及範疇下，對上述實施例進行修飾與改變。因此，舉凡所屬技術領域中具有此項專業知識者，在未脫離本發明所揭示之精神與技術原理下所完成之一切等效修飾或改變，仍應由本發明之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。
1:流量計 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d:旋轉結構 12:感測元件 13:處理電路 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d:軸心 112a, 112b, 112c, 112d:旋轉件 113a, 113b, 113c, 113d:磁性件 121:第一感測單元 122:第二感測單元
第1圖為本發明之流量計之方塊圖；第2A為本發明之蹼輪式流量計之旋轉結構剖視圖，第2B圖為本發明之渦輪式流量計之旋轉結構之剖視圖，第2C圖為本發明之齒輪式流量計之旋轉結構之剖視圖，第2D圖為本發明另一實施例之渦輪式流量計之旋轉結構之剖視圖； 第3圖為依據本發明之一實施例之感測元件之電路圖；第4A圖為本發明之一實施例之旋轉角及磁場強度訊號示意圖，第4B圖為本發明之另一實施例之旋轉角及磁場強度訊號示意圖；以及第5圖為本發明之一實施例之磁場強度訊號示意圖。
1:流量計
11:旋轉結構
12:感測元件
13:處理電路

Claims (9)

  1. 一種流量計，包含：旋轉結構，具有軸心、旋轉件及磁性件，其中該旋轉件可受管路內流體帶動而環繞該軸心旋轉，該磁性件以二磁極平行於該旋轉件之旋轉圓周之切線設置於該旋轉件；感測元件，與該旋轉結構相隔一間距，包含第一感測單元及第二感測單元，分別感測該磁性件於第一方向及第二方向之磁場而產生第一磁場分量訊號及第二磁場分量訊號；以及處理電路，連接該感測元件，依據該第一磁場分量訊號及該第二磁場分量訊號產生該旋轉結構之角度。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述流量計，其中該旋轉件之數量為複數，各該旋轉件設置有該磁性件。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述流量計，其中該第一方向及該第二方向相垂直。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述流量計，其中該處理電路計算二時間點之該旋轉結構之角度變化量產生該旋轉結構之角速度，且依據該旋轉結構之角速度及該管路之截面積乘積產生該流體之流量。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述流量計，其中該處理電路依據該旋轉結構之角度變化量判斷該流體之流向。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述流量計，復包含：顯示模組，連接該處理電路，用以顯示該流體之流量。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述流量計，復包含：通訊模組，連接該處理電路，通過有線或無線方式將該旋轉結構之角度傳輸至監控裝置，該監控裝 置計算二時間點之該旋轉結構之角度變化量產生該旋轉結構之角速度，且依據該旋轉結構之角速度及該管路之截面積乘積產生該流體之流量。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述流量計，其中該處理電路復依據該第一磁場分量訊號及該第二磁場分量訊號產生磁場強度。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述流量計，其中該處理電路預設磁場強度上限值及磁場強度下限值，當該磁場強度高於該磁場強度上限值，該處理電路產生外部磁場干擾之異常資訊；當該磁場強度低於該磁場強度下限值，該處理電路產生該旋轉結構損壞之異常資訊。
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