TWI714355B - 單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路 - Google Patents

單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路 Download PDF

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TWI714355B
TWI714355B TW108141801A TW108141801A TWI714355B TW I714355 B TWI714355 B TW I714355B TW 108141801 A TW108141801 A TW 108141801A TW 108141801 A TW108141801 A TW 108141801A TW I714355 B TWI714355 B TW I714355B
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terminal
winding
input terminal
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output
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吳承洲
陳健銘
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捷拓科技股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H02M3/33553—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
    • H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一種單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，包含電源輸入端、切換節點、變壓器、兩電子開關、脈寬調變電路與輸出電路，變壓器的輸入側包含連接切換節點的第一繞組與第二繞組，變壓器的輸出側包含輸出繞組，第一繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比相異於第二繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比，兩電子開關分別串聯第一繞組與第二繞組且分別具有控制端，脈寬調變電路的偵測端連接電源輸入端，脈寬調變電路的兩信號輸出端分別連接兩電子開關的控制端，輸出電路連接變壓器的輸出繞組；本發明利用兩種匝數比供操作在極寬輸入電壓範圍。

Description

單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路
本發明有關一種電源轉換電路，特別是指單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路。
請參考圖4，習知寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路包含一電源輸入端60、一降壓(buck)電路61、一變壓器62、一輸出電路63、一脈寬調變(PWM)控制器64、一回授電路65與一電子開關Q。
該電源輸入端60供接收一輸入電壓VIN，該降壓電路61連接在該電源輸入端60與該變壓器62的輸入側(一次側)線圈繞組之間，該輸出電路63連接該變壓器62的輸出側(二次側)線圈繞組與一電源輸出端630之間，該電子開關Q串聯於該變壓器62的輸入側線圈繞組且具有一控制端，該PWM控制器64的輸出端連接該電子開關Q的控制端以輸出PWM信號驅動該電子開關Q。一般來說，該PWM控制器64可根據該變壓器62輸入側線圈繞組的電流及/或電源輸出端630的輸出電壓Vo進行脈寬調變，圖4所示的範例中，該回授電路65連接在該電源輸出端630與該PWM控制器64的輸入端之間，以供該PWM控制器64獲得輸出電壓Vo的大小。
然而，習知寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路包含以下缺點：
1、該降壓電路61作為第一階穩壓，該變壓器62作為第二階隔離，故習知電源轉換電路為二階方式(two-stage)，從而必需通過兩次電源轉換，導致電源轉換效率無法有效提升。
2、該變壓器62的輸入側線圈繞組與輸出側線圈繞組的匝數比是單一、固定的，故限制該變壓器62的工作週期(duty cycle)表現。舉例來說，當一極寬輸入電壓範圍(例如9伏特至160伏特的範圍)應用在習知寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路時，該變壓器62對於較低輸入電壓及較高輸入電壓的表現較差，亦即能量無法有效的由電源輸入端VIN傳送至電源輸出端630，導致寬輸入電壓範圍的應用上，其效率無法達到較理想的表現。
本發明的主要目的是提供一種單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，期以克服習知寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路的電源轉換效率無法有效提升，及對於極寬輸入電壓範圍中，較低輸入電壓及較高輸入電壓的表現較差的技術問題。
本發明單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路包含： 一電源輸入端； 一切換節點，連接該電源輸入端； 一變壓器，具有一輸入側與一輸出側，該輸入側包含連接該切換節點的一第一繞組與一第二繞組，該輸出側包含一輸出繞組，其中，該第一繞組與該輸出繞組的匝數比相異於該第二繞組與該輸出繞組的匝數比； 一第一電子開關，與該第一繞組串聯且具有一控制端； 一第二電子開關，與該第二繞組串聯且具有一控制端； 一脈寬調變(PWM)電路，包含一比較單元與一PWM控制器，該比較單元具有一偵測端、一電壓切換點設定端、一PWM輸入端、一第一信號輸出端與一第二信號輸出端，該偵測端連接該電源輸入端，該第一信號輸出端連接該第二電子開關的控制端，該第二信號輸出端連接該第一電子開關的控制端；該PWM控制器的一PWM輸出端連接該比較單元的PWM輸入端；以及 一輸出電路，連接該變壓器的輸出繞組且包含一電源輸出端。
和習知電源轉換電路相比，本發明的功效如下：
1、本發明該變壓器的輸入側通過切換節點連接該電源輸入端，並無如習知電源轉換電路的第一階穩壓，故本發明為單階雙切(one-stage two-switch)的電路架構，其電源轉換效率得以提升。
2、有別於習知電源轉換電路的變壓器僅具單一、固定的匝數比，本發明該變壓器輸入側包含第一繞組與第二繞組，第一繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比相異於第二繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比。由此可見，藉由兩種不同匝數比，本發明可供操作在極寬輸入電壓範圍，舉例來說，第一繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比可供應用在較低的輸入電壓範圍，第二繞組與輸出繞組的匝數比可應用在較高的輸入電壓範圍。整體來看，較低的輸入電壓範圍與較高的輸入電壓範圍結合成極寬輸入電壓範圍，故本發明能操作在極寬輸入電壓範圍，並能維持理想電源轉換效率。
請參考圖1與圖2，本發明單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路的實施例包含一電源輸入端10、一切換節點20、一變壓器T1、一第一電子開關Q1、一第二電子開關Q2、一脈寬調變(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)電路30與一輸出電路40。其中，本發明實施例的電路架構以順向式(Forward)電路為例，但不以此為限，例如也可應用在返馳式(Flyback)電路或推挽式(Push-Pull)電路。
該電源輸入端10供連接前一級電路以接收直流的輸入電壓(+VIN)，舉例來說，輸入電壓(+VIN)的電壓範圍可達9伏特至160伏特的極寬輸入電壓範圍。該切換節點20連接該電源輸入端10，本發明的實施例中，該切換節點20可直接連接該電源輸入端10。
該變壓器T1包含一輸入側(一次側)與一輸出側(二次側)，該輸入側包含連接該切換節點20的一第一繞組Np1與一第二繞組Np2，該輸出側包含一輸出繞組Ns，其中，該第一繞組Np1與該第二繞組Np2的線圈數不同，故該第一繞組Np1與該輸出繞組Ns的匝數比相異於該第二繞組Np2與該輸出繞組Ns的匝數比。該輸出電路40的輸入端連接該輸出繞組Ns，該輸出電路40包含電源輸出端41。如圖1所示，該第一繞組Np1的一端直接連接該切換節點20，該第二繞組Np2的一端通過一防逆流元件D1連接該切換節點20，本發明的實施例中，該防逆流元件D1為二極體，所述二極體的陽極連接該切換節點20，所述二極體的陰極連接該第二繞組Np2。
該第一電子開關Q1與該第一繞組Np1串聯，本發明的實施例中，該第一電子開關Q1具有一第一端、一第二端與一控制端，該第一端連接該第一繞組Np1的另一端。舉例來說，該第一電子開關Q1可為N型金氧半場效電晶體(n-MOSFET)，該第一端為汲極(Drain)，該第二端為源極(Source)，該控制端為閘極(Gate)。
該第二電子開關Q2與該第二繞組Np2串聯，本發明的實施例中，該第二電子開關Q2具有一第一端、一第二端與一控制端，該第一端連接該第二繞組Np2的另一端。舉例來說，該第二電子開關Q2可為N型金氧半場效電晶體(n-MOSFET)，該第一端為汲極(Drain)，該第二端為源極(Source)，該控制端為閘極(Gate)。如圖1所示，該第一電子開關Q1的第二端連接該第二電子開關Q2的第二端而形成一連接節點21，該連接節點21可供連接一電流偵測電路50。
請參考圖1與圖2，該脈寬調變電路30可為一積體電路元件(Integrated Circuit, IC)，其包含一比較單元31與一PWM控制器32，該比較單元31具有一偵測端DET、一電壓切換點設定端Vset、一PWM輸入端310、一第一信號輸出端OUT1與一第二信號輸出端OUT2。該偵測端DET連接該電源輸入端10以偵測輸入電壓的大小，本發明的實施例中，該偵測端DET通過一分壓電路33連接該電源輸入端10；該第一信號輸出端OUT1連接該第二電子開關Q2的控制端；該第二信號輸出端OUT2連接該第一電子開關Q1的控制端；本發明的實施例中，該PWM控制器32可為電流模式(current mode)的PWM控制器，其具有一PWM輸出端320，該PWM輸出端320連接該比較單元31的PWM輸入端310，該PWM控制器32的一輸入端CS連接該電流偵測電路50，該PWM控制器32的另一輸入端COMP通過一回授電路51連接該輸出電路40的電源輸出端41；是以，該PWM控制器32依據該電流偵測電路50及該回授電路51的電流、電壓偵測結果進行脈波寬度的調變，並在其PWM輸出端320輸出一PWM信號，由該比較單元31接收該PWM信號。
請參考圖2，該比較單元31包含一比較器34、一反向器35、一第一驅動器36與一第二驅動器37。該比較器34具有一正輸入端(+)、一負輸入端(-)與一輸出端VC1，該正輸入端(+)與該輸出端VC1之間連接一電阻R8以提供遲滯功能，其中，該正輸入端(+)即為該偵測端DET，該負輸入端(-)即為該電壓切換點設定端Vset；該反向器35的輸入端連接該比較器34的輸出端VC1；該第一驅動器36具有一致能端EN1、一輸入端S與該第一信號輸出端OUT1，該第一驅動器36的致能端EN1連接該反向器35的輸入端；該第二驅動器37具有一致能端EN2、一輸入端S與該第二信號輸出端OUT2，該第二驅動器37的致能端EN2連接該反向器35的輸出端，該第二驅動器37的輸入端S連接第一驅動器36的輸入端，該第一驅動器36或該第二驅動器37的輸入端S可作為該PWM輸入端310以供連接該PWM控制器32的PWM輸出端320。
於該第一驅動器36中，當其致能端EN1為高電位時，輸入到其輸入端S的PWM信號才可通過第一信號輸出端OUT1，形成控制信號(PWM-H)以驅動該第二電子開關Q2；相對的，當其致能端EN1為低電位時，其該控制信號(PWM-H)為截止(turn off)信號，使該第二電子開關Q2形成開路狀態。同理，於該第二驅動器37中，當其致能端EN2為高電位時，輸入到其輸入端S的PWM信號才可通過第二信號輸出端OUT2，形成控制信號(PWM-L)以驅動該第一電子開關Q1；當其致能端EN2為低電位時，其該控制信號(PWM-L)為截止(turn off)信號，使該第一電子開關Q1開路。
以下通過圖3所示的信號時序圖說明電路運作，舉例來說，該電源輸入端10所接收的電壓範圍可為9伏特至160伏特的極寬輸入電壓範圍，另可設定47伏特為切換電壓，故根據該分壓電路33的電阻比值乘以47的數值可作為該電壓切換點設定端Vset的電壓。當電源輸入端10的輸入電壓(+VIN)低於47伏特時，該比較器34的偵測端DET的電壓低於該電壓切換點設定端Vset的電壓，故該比較器34的輸出端VC1輸出低電位；此時，該第一驅動器36的致能端EN1接收低電位，故其第一信號輸出端OUT1輸出的控制信號(PWM_H)為截止信號，使該第二電子開關Q2開路；同時，該第二驅動器37的致能端EN2通過該反向器35而接收高電位，故其第二信號輸出端OUT2輸出的控制信號(PWM_L)即為PWM信號，供該第一電子開關Q1工作。是以，該輸出繞組Ns與該第一繞組Np1進行電磁感應而產生一第一感應電源，該第一感應電源通過該輸出電路40於該電源輸出端41輸出給後一級電路或負載。
當電源輸入端10的輸入電壓(+VIN)高於47伏特時，該比較器34的偵測端DET的電壓高於該電壓切換點設定端Vset的電壓，故該比較器34的輸出端VC1輸出高電位；此時，該第一驅動器36的致能端EN1接收高電位，故其第一信號輸出端OUT1輸出的控制信號(PWM_H)即為PWM信號，供該第二電子開關Q2工作；該第二驅動器37的致能端EN2通過該反向器35而接收低電位，故其第二信號輸出端OUT2輸出的控制信號(PWM_L)為截止信號，使該第一電子開關Q1開路。是以，該輸出繞組Ns與該第二繞組Np2進行電磁感應而產生一第二感應電源，該第二感應電源通過該輸出電路40於該電源輸出端41輸出給後一級電路或負載。
由前述可知，在輸入電壓(+VIN)低於切換電壓的狀態下，該第一電子開關Q1被控制信號(PWM_L)驅動而該第二電子開關Q2為開路，該防逆流元件D1可中斷該第二繞組Np2耦合出來的電壓及電流路徑，藉此避免當該第一電子開關Q1導通時，該第二繞組NP2的電流直接進入該第一繞組Np1及第一電子開關Q1而造成異常；在輸入電壓(+VIN)高於切換電壓的狀態下，該第二電子開關Q2被控制信號(PWM_H)驅動而該第一電子開關Q1為開路，其中，對於變壓器T1的輸入側來說，較高的輸入電壓(+VIN)意謂較低的輸入電流，以較低的輸入電流通過該防逆流元件D1時，可將該防逆流元件D1的損耗最小化。再者，雖然該變壓器T1的輸入側有兩個繞組Np1、Np2，但因為電流偵測電路50串接在該第一電子開關Q1與該第二電子開關Q2的連接節點21與接地之間，故本發明只需一個電流偵測電路50就能偵測該第一繞組Np1或該第二繞組Np2的電流值，將電流偵測成本降到最低。另一方面，第一電子開關Q1與第二電子開關Q2可選擇適用的電晶體元件，例如第一電子開關Q1可選用低壓開關元件，第二電子開關Q2可選用高壓開關元件，讓各電子開關Q1、Q2分別操作在符合規格的電壓範圍，達到電源轉換效率最佳化。
本發明的實施例中，將第一繞組Np1與第二繞組Np2相比，因為第二繞組Np2對應較高的輸入電壓(+VIN)，第一繞組Np1對應較低的輸入電壓(+VIN)，故第二繞組Np2的線圈數大於第一繞組Np1的線圈數，另第一繞組Np1的線圈數可等於輸出繞組Ns的線圈數。舉例來說，若輸入電壓(+VIN)的範圍是9伏特至160伏特，且輸出電路40的輸出電壓為5伏特，則Np1:Np2:Ns=2:8:2，但不以此為限。
綜上所述，本發明由該比較單元31比較輸入電壓(+VIN)是否大於切換電壓，並根據比較結果驅動該第一電子開關Q1與第二電子開關Q2的其中一個。當該第一電子開關Q1被驅動而該第二電子開關Q2開路時，該第二繞組Np2無電流通過，此時該變壓器T1的工作週期(duty cycle)是依據該第一繞組Np1與該輸出繞組Ns的匝數比而定；另一方面，當該第二電子開關Q2被驅動而該第一電子開關Q1開路時，該第一繞組Np1無電流通過，此時該變壓器T1的工作週期(duty cycle)是依據該第二繞組Np2與該輸出繞組Ns的匝數比而定。根據本發明單階雙切式的電路架構，通過兩繞組Np1、Np2以及兩電子開關Q1、Q2的設置，讓該變壓器T1有兩種匝數比可供擇一操作，該第一繞組Np1與輸出繞組Ns的匝數比對應較低的輸入電壓範圍(例如9伏特至47伏特的範圍)，該第二繞組Np2與輸出繞組Ns的匝數比對應較高的輸入電壓範圍(例如47伏特至160伏特的範圍)；整體來看，較低的輸入電壓範圍結合較高的輸入電壓範圍形成極寬輸入電壓範圍(例如9伏特至160伏特的範圍)，故本發明能操作在極寬輸入電壓範圍，且能維持理想電源轉換效率。
10:電源輸入端 20:切換節點 21:連接節點 30:脈寬調變電路 31:比較單元 310:PWM輸入端 32:PWM控制器 320:PWM輸出端 33:分壓電路 34:比較器 35:反向器 36:第一驅動器 37:第二驅動器 40:輸出電路 41:電源輸出端 50:電流偵測電路 51:回授電路 T1:變壓器 Q1:第一電子開關 Q2:第二電子開關 +VIN:輸入電壓 Np1:第一繞組 Np2:第二繞組 Ns:輸出繞組 D1:防逆流元件 DET:偵測端 Vset:電壓切換點設定端 VC1:輸出端 +:正輸入端 -:負輸入端 OUT1:第一信號輸出端 OUT2:第二信號輸出端 COMP:輸入端 CS:輸入端 R8:電阻 EN1:致能端 EN2:致能端 S:輸入端 60:電源輸入端 61:降壓電路 62:變壓器 63:輸出電路 64:PWM控制器 65:回授電路 Q:電子開關 630:電源輸出端 VIN:輸入電壓 Vo:輸出電壓
圖1：本發明單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路實施例的電路示意圖。 圖2：本發明中脈寬調變電路的電路示意圖。 圖3：本發明信號時序示意圖。 圖4：習知寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路示意圖。
10:電源輸入端
20:切換節點
21:連接節點
30:脈寬調變電路
33:分壓電路
40:輸出電路
41:電源輸出端
50:電流偵測電路
51:回授電路
T1:變壓器
Q1:第一電子開關
Q2:第二電子開關
+VIN:輸入電壓
Np1:第一繞組
Np2:第二繞組
Ns:輸出繞組
D1:防逆流元件
DET:偵測端
OUT1:第一信號輸出端
OUT2:第二信號輸出端
COMP:輸入端
CS:輸入端

Claims (10)

  1. 一種單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，包含： 一電源輸入端； 一切換節點，連接該電源輸入端； 一變壓器，具有一輸入側與一輸出側，該輸入側包含連接該切換節點的一第一繞組與一第二繞組，該輸出側包含一輸出繞組，其中，該第一繞組與該輸出繞組的匝數比相異於該第二繞組與該輸出繞組的匝數比； 一第一電子開關，與該第一繞組串聯且具有一控制端； 一第二電子開關，與該第二繞組串聯且具有一控制端； 一脈寬調變(PWM)電路，包含一比較單元與一PWM控制器，該比較單元具有一偵測端、一電壓切換點設定端、一PWM輸入端、一第一信號輸出端與一第二信號輸出端，該偵測端連接該電源輸入端，該第一信號輸出端連接該第二電子開關的控制端，該第二信號輸出端連接該第一電子開關的控制端；該PWM控制器的一PWM輸出端連接該比較單元的PWM輸入端；以及 一輸出電路，連接該變壓器的輸出繞組且包含一電源輸出端。
  2. 如請求項1所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該切換節點直接連接該電源輸入端。
  3. 如請求項1或2所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該第一繞組直接連接該切換節點，該第二繞組通過一防逆流元件連接該切換節點。
  4. 如請求項1或2所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該比較單元包含： 一比較器，具有一正輸入端、一負輸入端與一輸出端，該正輸入端與該輸出端之間連接一電阻，該正輸入端為該偵測端，該負輸入端為該電壓切換點設定端； 一反向器，該反向器的輸入端連接該比較器的輸出端； 一第一驅動器，具有一致能端、一輸入端與該第一信號輸出端，該第一驅動器的致能端連接該反向器的輸入端； 一第二驅動器，具有一致能端、一輸入端與該第二信號輸出端，該第二驅動器的致能端連接該反向器的輸出端，該第二驅動器的輸入端連接該第一驅動器的輸入端，該第一驅動器或該第二驅動器的輸入端作為該PWM輸入端。
  5. 如請求項3所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該比較單元包含： 一比較器，具有一正輸入端、一負輸入端與一輸出端，該正輸入端與該輸出端之間連接一電阻，該正輸入端為該偵測端，該負輸入端為該電壓切換點設定端； 一反向器，該反向器的輸入端連接該比較器的輸出端； 一第一驅動器，具有一致能端、一輸入端與該第一信號輸出端，該第一驅動器的致能端連接該反向器的輸入端； 一第二驅動器，具有一致能端、一輸入端與該第二信號輸出端，該第二驅動器的致能端連接該反向器的輸出端，該第二驅動器的輸入端連接該第一驅動器的輸入端，該第一驅動器或該第二驅動器的輸入端作為該PWM輸入端。
  6. 如請求項5所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該防逆流元件為二極體，所述二極體的陽極端連接該切換節點，所述二極體的陰極端連接該第二繞組。
  7. 如請求項1或2所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該第一電子開關連接該第二電子開關而形成一連接節點，該連接節點連接一電流偵測電路； 該PWM控制器的一輸入端連接該電流偵測電路。
  8. 如請求項3所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該第一電子開關連接該第二電子開關而形成一連接節點，該連接節點連接一電流偵測電路； 該PWM控制器的一輸入端連接該電流偵測電路。
  9. 如請求項4所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該第二繞組的線圈數大於該第一繞組的線圈數。
  10. 如請求項5所述之單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路，該第二繞組的線圈數大於該第一繞組的線圈數。
TW108141801A 2019-11-18 2019-11-18 單階雙切式寬輸入範圍電源轉換電路 TWI714355B (zh)

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US17/088,764 US11569749B2 (en) 2019-11-18 2020-11-04 Wide input voltage range power converter circuit in a one-stage- two-switch configuration
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