TWI713701B - Agricultural greenhouse, plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, and heat-ray reflective film structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse are equipped with at least: CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide, hot wire shielding means, and dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of the agricultural greenhouse; the hot wire shielding means is used The heat-ray reflection film is formed with an average transmittance of light with a wavelength of 400~700nm or more than 80%, and an average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800~1200nm is more than 70%; and the heat-ray shielding means is formed at predetermined intervals There are a plurality of through holes, whereby the energy input per unit harvest of the plant is small, and the plant can be grown economically and efficiently. Since the water supply to the plant can be reduced, the plant can be grown in dry areas, etc., and, It can prevent deterioration of quality such as discoloration and deterioration due to condensation.

In addition, the heat-ray reflective film structure system of the present invention is obtained by alternately laminating at least two types of resin layers with different refractive indexes, and the average transmittance of visible light (light with wavelength of 400 to 750 nm) is over 80%, Multi-layers with the average reflectivity of the heating wire (light of wavelength 800~1100nm) above 70% At least one side surface of the laminated film is provided with a slippery imparting layer. The original film is cut into a thin ribbon-like strip, woven into warp yarn or weft yarn, and knitted into weft yarn or warp yarn by silk yarn or spun yarn. According to the composition, the thickness of the silk yarn or spinning is 0.01~0.30 times the width of the thin strip, and the interval between adjacent thin strips is 0.1~0.5 of the width of the thin strip The double structure allows economical and efficient plant cultivation in agricultural greenhouses using sunlight.

Description

Agricultural greenhouse, plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, and heat-ray reflective film structure

The present invention relates to an agricultural greenhouse using sunlight that closes the skylight during the day and opens the skylight at night, and a plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse.

In addition, the present invention relates to a heat-ray reflection film structure used in an agricultural greenhouse using sunlight.

The cultivation of plants in agricultural greenhouses is based on the control of the enclosed space to create an environment that is most suitable for plant growth, in order to increase the harvest of plants and improve their quality. In particular, in recent years, with the increase in population, there has been a food crisis. Under this situation, some people have conducted various researches on effective cultivation methods for plants in agricultural greenhouses.

The photosynthesis system of plants is represented by the following formula (1). It is a reaction that uses light energy as a driving source to generate oxygen and carbohydrates from carbon dioxide absorbed from the air and water absorbed from the ground. In order to cultivate plants in large quantities and economically, sunlight is better used than artificial light.

6CO ₂ +6H ₂ O → 6O ₂ +C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ (1)

In agricultural greenhouses that use sunlight, sunlight includes: light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm or 400 to 750 nm (hereinafter referred to as "visible light") used for photosynthesis of plants, and the increase in temperature in the agricultural greenhouse Light with a wavelength of 800~1100nm or 800~1200nm (hereinafter referred to as "hot wire"), and in order to prevent the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse, the hot wire must be shielded. This is because when the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse rises due to the heating wire, in order to maintain the temperature suitable for plant growth (hereinafter referred to as "suitable temperature"), it takes time, labor, and cost for ventilation, dehumidification and cooling.

Also, from the above formula (1), it can be seen that by maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at a high level, photosynthesis can be actively performed to promote plant growth. For plant cultivation in agricultural greenhouses using sunlight, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in agricultural greenhouses at a high level to promote plant growth.

On the other hand, during the day when photosynthesis is active, the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse will rise due to sunlight. Therefore, as a relatively economical means to keep the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse at an appropriate temperature, replacement is generally adopted. gas. For example, when the amount of sunlight is extremely sufficient during the day, the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse will often exceed 40°C. Therefore, through natural ventilation or forced ventilation, the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse can be maintained at about 20~25°C or 20~30°C. The suitable temperature.

However, with the ventilation, the carbon dioxide supplied to the agricultural greenhouse is released to the outside. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to maintain the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse at an appropriate temperature during the day and the carbon dioxide concentration at the same time. degree.

Patent Document 3 proposes that the plant cultivation facility is actually closed during the day, while the carbon dioxide concentration in the facility is maintained at a high level, and the temperature in the facility is maintained at an appropriate temperature of about 20°C using air conditioners; however, In order to operate the air conditioner equipment during the day, maintaining the temperature in the vast facility at an appropriate temperature of about 20°C requires a lot of energy and is not economical.

In addition, Patent Documents 4 to 7 describe that synthetic resin films such as polyethylene and polyester, which are agricultural films, are laminated with metal vapor-deposited layers, metal foils, metal-containing layers, and the like to shield heat rays. However, although Patent Documents 4 to 5 and 7 describe reflecting sunlight to block light, they do not describe allowing visible light to pass through. In addition, although Patent Document 6 describes that the laminated film has visible light penetration performance and far-infrared reflection performance, it basically reflects far-infrared rays from the metal-containing layer. Therefore, the "far-infrared reflectance (%)" is as high as "81~ 89%", but the "visible light transmittance (%)" is as low as "50~65%" (Examples 1-9).

[Prior technical literature] 〔Patent Literature〕

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 2963427

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 3917311

[Patent Document 3] JP 53-098246 A

[Patent Document 4] JP 2001-009996 A

[Patent Document 5] JP 2004-176210 A

[Patent Document 6] JP 2012-206430 A

[Patent Document 7] JP 2013-252107 A

The subject of the present invention is to provide an agricultural greenhouse that can grow plants economically and efficiently with less energy input per unit harvest amount, reduce the amount of water supplied to the plants, and can also cultivate plants in dry areas and the like. Plant cultivation methods for agricultural greenhouses.

In addition, another subject of the present invention is to provide a heat-ray reflection film structure that can be used in an agricultural greenhouse that utilizes sunlight and can economically and efficiently cultivate plants.

The above-mentioned problems of the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse can be solved by an agricultural greenhouse and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse. The agricultural greenhouse closes the skylights installed on the roof during the day and at night. An agricultural greenhouse that uses sunlight with skylights opened on the roof. The agricultural greenhouse has at least: CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide, hot wire shielding means, and dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of the agricultural greenhouse. The hot wire shielding means is used The average transmittance of light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is 80% or more, and the average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm is 70% or more. The heating ray shielding means is formed at predetermined intervals. Plural through holes.

In addition, the above-mentioned problems of the heat-reflective film structure of the present invention can be solved by a heat-reflective film structure, which is a heat-reflective film structure used in an agricultural greenhouse using sunlight. The heat-reflective film structure The system consists of: the average transmittance of light with a wavelength of 400~750nm is over 80%, and the average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800~1100nm is 70% by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indexes. The above multi-layer laminated film has at least one side surface of the original film provided with a slippery imparting layer. The thin ribbon-shaped strips cut by the warp are woven into warp yarns or weft yarns, and silk yarns or spun yarns are woven into weft yarns or warp yarns. Composition, the thickness of the silk yarn or spun yarn is 0.01~0.30 times the width of the thin strip, and the interval between adjacent thin strips is 0.1~0.5 of the width of the thin strip Times.

The inventors of this case proposed the agricultural greenhouse as shown in Figure 5 (hereinafter referred to as the "previous agricultural greenhouse") as a way to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural greenhouse at a high level while economically maintaining the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse. The agricultural greenhouse was awarded the "Agricultural and Food Industry Innovation Award" by the Agricultural Information Society in March 2011.

As shown in Figure 5, the previous agricultural greenhouse system has the following characteristics: a) The roof part 101 and the cultivation part 102 of the agricultural greenhouse are insulated and separated by a transparent resin board "SUNNYCOAT 103"; b) The upper part of SUNNYCOAT 103 is covered with "Near Infrared Absorbing Film 104" to absorb about 70% of the light with a wavelength of 800nm or more, which is contained in sunlight 108, which increases the temperature of cultivation part 102, and at the same time, it protects against sunlight 108. About 70% of the 400~700nm light required for plant growth penetrates; c) The air is replaced by the skylight 105 provided on the roof 101 to prevent the temperature rise caused by the heating of the "near infrared absorbing film 104"; d) A "CO ₂ generator 106" is installed in the cultivation part 102 to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration at a high level, and a "heat pump 107" is installed to keep the temperature at an appropriate temperature.

In this way, the agricultural greenhouse previously proposed by the inventors of the present invention has a transparent resin plate "SUNNYCOAT" that insulates and separates the roof of the agricultural greenhouse and the cultivation part, so that carbon dioxide does not leak from the cultivation part, so it can The carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation area is kept at a high concentration economically, and the heat generated by the "near infrared absorbing film" is transmitted from the roof that is insulated and isolated from the cultivation area to the outside through the skylight provided in the roof. Since it is released, the temperature of the cultivation part can be prevented from rising.

The inventors of the present case discovered that the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural greenhouse is economically maintained at a high concentration by closing the skylight during the day, and that the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse is lowered by opening the skylight at night. The agricultural greenhouse using sunlight has a specific structure through use. , Physical property hot wire shielding means to replace the "SUNNYCOAT" and "Near Infrared Absorbing Film" of the previous agricultural greenhouse. Compared with the previous agricultural greenhouse, the plant can be cultivated more economically and efficiently to complete the agriculture of the present invention. The invention of the greenhouse and the plant cultivation method using this agricultural greenhouse.

In addition, the inventors of this case discovered that the use of sunlight In the industrial greenhouse, by using a heat-ray reflective film structure with a specific structure and physical properties to replace the "SUNNYCOAT" and "Near Infrared Absorbing Film" of the previous agricultural greenhouse, it can be more economical and efficient than the previous agricultural greenhouse The cultivation of plants was carried out, and the invention of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention was completed.

The gist of the present invention is shown below:

(1) An agricultural greenhouse, which is an agricultural greenhouse using sunlight that closes the skylights on the roof during the day and opens the skylights on the roof at night, and is characterized in that the agricultural greenhouse has at least: CO _{2 for} supplying carbon dioxide. Supply means, hot wire shielding means, and dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of agricultural greenhouses. The hot wire shielding means uses light with a wavelength of 400~700nm with an average transmittance of 80% or more, and an average reflectivity of light with a wavelength of 800~1200nm 70% or more of the heat ray reflection film is formed, and the heat ray shielding means has a plurality of through holes formed at predetermined intervals.

(2) The agricultural greenhouse as in (1), wherein the heat ray reflective film is a multilayer laminate film formed by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indexes.

(3) The agricultural greenhouse according to (2), wherein at least one of the two types of resin layers of the multilayer laminate film is a resin layer composed of a resin having a condensed aromatic ring.

(4) Such as the agricultural greenhouse of any one of (1) ~ (3), which includes The opening ratio of the plurality of through holes in the hot wire shielding means is in the range of 0.5-10%.

(5) The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the heat shielding means has a structure in which the heat reflecting film is penetrated with through holes.

(6) The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the heat shielding means is provided with a thin ribbon-shaped strip cut into a thin ribbon with the heat-reflective film weaving into warp yarns and/ Or the structure of the weft yarn, and through holes are formed between the warp yarns and/or between the weft yarns.

(7) The agricultural greenhouse described in any one of (1) to (6), wherein the light transmittance of the heat-ray reflective film with a wavelength of 350 nm is less than 10%.

(8) The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the heat ray reflective film is provided with an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one side of the outermost layer.

(9) The agricultural greenhouse of (8), wherein the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains a binder resin, and the binder resin is a fluororesin.

(10) The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the aforementioned agricultural greenhouse is used for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for photosynthesis by sunlight.

(11) A method of plant cultivation, which uses the method of plant cultivation in an agricultural greenhouse as described in any one of (1) to (10), wherein the skylight provided on the roof is closed during the day to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration, and the carbon dioxide concentration is opened at night. The temperature of the skylight on the roof is adjusted, and at least during the day, the temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse is controlled to 35°C or less, the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to 500 to 1500 ppm, and the humidity saturation difference is controlled to 4 g/m ³ or less to cultivate plants.

(12) A heat ray reflective film structure, which is a heat ray reflective film structure used in an agricultural greenhouse that utilizes sunlight. The heat ray reflective film structure system is composed of: interacting with at least two resin layers with different refractive indices The average transmittance of light with a wavelength of 400 to 750 nm is more than 80%, and the average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1100 nm is more than 70%. At least one side of the multilayer laminate film is provided with slipperiness. The thin ribbon-like strips cut by the original film of the layer are woven into warp yarns or weft yarns, and silk yarns or spun yarns are woven into weft yarns or warp yarns. The thickness of the silk yarn or spun yarn is the thin ribbon The width of the strip is 0.01 to 0.30 times, and the interval between adjacent thin strips is 0.1 to 0.5 times the width of the thin strip.

(13) The heat-ray reflective film structure according to (12), wherein the aforementioned multilayer laminate film is provided with an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one surface.

(14) The heat-ray reflective film structure of (13), wherein the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains a binder resin, and the binder resin is a fluororesin.

(15) The heat ray reflective film structure of any one of (12) to (14), wherein the opening rate of the heat ray reflective film structure is 10-30%, and the light transmittance of 350nm wavelength is 7-21 %.

(16) The heat-ray reflective film structure of any one of (12) to (15), wherein the resin layer with a higher refractive index of the aforementioned multilayer laminate film is due to A resin layer composed of a resin with a condensed aromatic ring.

(17) The heat-ray reflective film structure according to any one of (12) to (16), wherein the average refractive index difference in the in-plane direction of the two resin layers of the multilayer laminate film is at least 0.03.

(18) The heat-ray reflective film structure according to any one of (12) to (17), wherein the aforementioned multilayer laminate film has at least 101 resin layers with an optical thickness of 150 to 400 nm.

In the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, the daytime system that can actively perform photosynthesis closes the skylights on the roof to make the agricultural greenhouses airtight, which can reduce the temperature and carbon dioxide in the agricultural greenhouses. The concentration and humidity are maintained and controlled in the range of active photosynthesis. Moreover, through use: the heat ray shielding method formed by the heat ray reflection film with high transmittance of visible light and high heat ray reflectivity can be used without disturbing plants. Reduce energy costs while growing.

In addition, the skylights opened on the roof at night, which do not actively perform photosynthesis, can reduce the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse to prevent the daytime temperature rise of the next day. Moreover, the heat-ray reflective film is used to form a heat-ray reflective film at predetermined intervals. Multiple through-hole hot wire shielding means can make the air heated during the day in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse escape to the outside through the hot wire shielding means; moreover, at night, especially in the early morning, even if the air near the top of the roof is cold, It can prevent the condensation that occurs on the bottom surface of the heating wire shielding means from forming water droplets on the plants, discoloring and deteriorating the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. The quality of the film may deteriorate or the film itself may deteriorate.

In addition, in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, the skylights provided on the roof are closed during the day. Since the water in the agricultural greenhouse is not easy to escape to the outside, the water supply to the plants can be reduced. Plants can also be cultivated in dry areas.

In addition, in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, by using a heat shielding means in which a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals, the transmittance of ultraviolet rays can be adjusted to prevent the heat ray reflection film. The degradation caused by ultraviolet rays will not hinder the color formation of the fruit and the range of pollination activities performed by bees.

Since the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is formed by using a multilayer laminate film with high visible light transmittance and high heat-ray reflectivity, the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse can be suppressed without hindering the growth of plants.

In addition, the heat-reflective film structure of the present invention is woven into warp yarns or weft yarns and silk yarns from the original film provided with slippage imparting layers on both surfaces of the multilayer laminate film. Or spun yarn (hereinafter also referred to as "silk yarn, etc.") is woven into a weft or warp knitted fabric, so it can be knitted smoothly and uniformly. Compared with the case of using a multi-layer laminated film, it can achieve winding and resistance The mechanical strength such as adhesion, tear resistance, durability, etc. is better, and the air permeability can be ensured by openings formed between thin ribbon-like strips, silk yarns, etc.

Furthermore, the heat-ray reflective film construction system of the present invention makes the width of the thin ribbon-like strips of the woven fabric, the interval between adjacent silk yarns, and the adjacent The interval of the thin ribbon-like strips is in a specific range, so that the aperture ratio becomes an appropriate range. Compared with the case of using a multi-layer laminated film, it can ensure a higher visible light transmittance. And the reflectance of the heat ray, and the transmittance of light with a wavelength of 350nm (hereinafter referred to as "ultraviolet rays") into an appropriate range.

1: Agricultural greenhouse

2: CO ₂ supply means

3: Heat shielding means or heat reflecting film structure

4: Dehumidification and cooling means

5: Skylight

7: Thin ribbon strip

8: Transparent silk thread

11: Thin ribbon strip (warp yarn)

12: Silk yarn, etc. (weft yarn)

13: Silk yarn, etc. (warp yarn)

101: (Agricultural greenhouse) roof department

102: (Agricultural Greenhouse) Cultivation Department

103:SUNNYCOAT

104: Near infrared absorption film

105: Skylight

106: CO ₂ generator

107: Heat Pump

108: Sunlight

A: The thickness of the weft yarn (silk yarn, etc.)

B: The width of the thin ribbon

C: weft interval

D: Interval between thin strips

E: Thickness of polyethylene silk yarn, etc.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of an agricultural greenhouse or a heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an example of a hot wire shielding method that can be suitably used in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention. It is a partial front view of a thin ribbon-shaped strip that is cut into thin ribbons.

Fig. 3 is a partial front view showing an embodiment of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial front view showing another embodiment of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the previous agricultural greenhouse (the agricultural greenhouse proposed by the inventors of this case and awarded the Agriculture and Food Industry Innovation Award).

[Forms of implementing the invention]

Hereinafter, regarding the embodiment of the present invention, the diagrams are used specifically It should be noted that the present invention is not limited by these.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the previous agricultural greenhouse. As previously described, the roof part 101 and the cultivation part 102 of the agricultural greenhouse are insulated and separated by a transparent resin plate "SUNNYCOAT103", and the cultivation part 102 is separated The carbon dioxide concentration is maintained at a high concentration economically, and the heat generated by the "near infrared absorbing film 104" is emitted from the roof 101, which is insulated and separated from the cultivation section 102, through the skylight 105 to prevent the cultivation section 102 The temperature rises.

A. About the agricultural greenhouse and the plant cultivation method using this agricultural greenhouse

First, the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse will be described.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of an agricultural greenhouse or a heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention; as for symbol 3, in the description of the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, it represents a hot-wire blocking means. The description of the heat-reflective film structure refers to the heat-reflective film structure.

This agricultural greenhouse 1 using sunlight is covered with a heating wire shielding means 3 on the upper part, a CO ₂ supply means 2 for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 1 and a dehumidification cooling means 4 for cooling the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 1 at the lower part. In this agricultural greenhouse 1, the skylight 5 is closed during the day to economically maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural greenhouse at a high concentration, and the skylight 5 is opened at night to lower the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse.

This hot-line shielding method 3 uses wavelengths of 400~700nm The average transmittance of light is 80% or more, and the average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm is 70% or more. It is formed with a plurality of through holes at predetermined intervals.

Since the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention is not equipped with a resin board such as "SUNNYCOAT", compared with the previous agricultural greenhouse, it has the following advantages:

1) It can improve the transmittance of visible light required for plant growth. (In the previous agricultural greenhouse with "SUNNYCOAT", as mentioned above, the transmittance of 400~700nm light required for the growth of plants is at most about 70%, which is very low)

2) It can reduce the equipment cost of agricultural greenhouses.

3) It will not happen: at night, especially early in the morning, due to the large temperature difference between the cultivation part and the roof part, condensation occurs on the bottom surface of "SUNNYCOAT" and forms water droplets to the plants, discoloring the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. , The problem of deterioration.

In addition, in the previous agricultural greenhouses, "near infrared absorbing films" were used to shield the heat rays contained in sunlight. However, such heat absorbing films will absorb the heat rays and cause the film itself to generate heat, thereby increasing the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse. . On the other hand, in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, since the heat-reflecting film of "the heat-reflecting film with an average reflectivity of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm of 70% or more" is used, it is difficult to increase the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse.

A-1. Agricultural greenhouse <Agricultural Greenhouse>

Hereinafter, the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention will be described in order.

The agricultural greenhouse of the present invention uses sunlight. If artificial light such as LEDs is used, although the amount of light energy used as the driving source of photosynthesis can be adjusted and controlled, the irradiation energy is required and it is not suitable for mass production of plants.

Moreover, in agricultural greenhouses that use sunlight, since sunlight includes visible light necessary for the growth of plants, and a hot line that raises the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse, natural ventilation is generally adopted in order to keep the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse. Ventilation, such as forced ventilation, is used as an economical cooling method. Ventilation requires time, labor, and cost, and it will make it easier for pests to invade agricultural greenhouses due to ventilation.

Furthermore, in an agricultural greenhouse that maintains a high level of carbon dioxide concentration, in order to prevent the carbon dioxide from escaping to the outside as much as possible, it is necessary to maintain a low air exchange rate; for this reason, the air conditioner must be activated during the day. The temperature in the vast agricultural greenhouse is maintained at an appropriate temperature, and the air conditioner consumes a lot of energy.

The agricultural greenhouse of the present invention actively performs photosynthesis in the daytime system. The skylights installed on the roof are closed to make the agricultural greenhouse in a sealed state. The CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide can maintain and control the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural greenhouse. The temperature and humidity in the agricultural greenhouse are maintained and controlled in the range of active photosynthesis by means of dehumidification and cooling, so that plants can be cultivated efficiently.

Furthermore, the hot wire shielding method uses the average of visible light A heat-ray reflective film with a transmittance of over 80% and an average reflectivity of the heat line of over 70%, which prevents the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse without hindering the growth of plants, and reduces the need for maintaining a suitable temperature Energy cost.

In addition, the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention does not undergo photosynthesis at night by opening the skylights opened on the roof, so that the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse is lowered to prevent the daytime temperature rise the next day; it is formed at predetermined intervals on the hot wire shielding means Multiple through holes allow the heated air in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse to escape to the outside through the hot-line shielding means; and, at night, especially in the morning, even if the air near the upper part of the roof is cold, it can still prevent the hot-line Condensation on the bottom surface of the shielding means forms water droplets and drips onto the plant, causing discoloration and deterioration of the plant's fruits, leaves, flowers, etc., or deterioration of the film itself.

<CO ₂ Supply Means>

As the CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide inside the agricultural greenhouse provided in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, various well-known means can be used. Examples include methods for neutralizing carbonates or bicarbonates with acids, methods for burning hydrocarbons, and methods for using liquefied carbon dioxide. In terms of economy and less impurities, it is better to use burning LP gas, The means of liquefied natural gas.

<Dehumidifying and cooling means>

As a means for cooling the interior of the agricultural greenhouse provided in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, a dehumidification cooling means such as heat exchange by a heat pump is used.

The cooling in agricultural greenhouses generally uses a fine mist cooling method that sprays fine mist and uses vaporization cooling during evaporation to cool down. However, in the closed agricultural greenhouse during the day as in the present invention, since ventilation is not performed, The water vapor is saturated, and the mist will not vaporize from the beginning, so the mist cooling method cannot be used to cool it.

<Hotline shielding means> 〔Heat ray reflective film〕

The first feature of the heat ray shielding means used in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention is that the heat ray shielding means is not the same as that used in general agricultural greenhouses by reflecting the heat rays and visible light by a metal vapor deposition layer, metal foil, and metal containing a metal layer The film is formed by using optical interference filters and heat-ray reflective films used in the field of laminated glass.

Specifically, in this heat-ray reflective film, the average transmittance of visible light contained in sunlight is as high as 80% or more, and the average reflectivity of heat rays contained in sunlight is as high as 70% or more. In addition, here, visible light refers to light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm; hot wire refers to light with a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm.

By using a heat-ray reflective film with an average transmittance of visible light as high as 80% or more, the visible light that is the driving source of photosynthesis can be fully supplied to the plants, so the growth of the plants can be fully promoted.

In addition, by using a heat-ray reflective film with an average reflectivity of the heat-wire as high as 70% or more, the heat-wire that raises the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse can be sufficiently shielded. Furthermore, due to the heat generated by the film itself, such as the heat-absorbing film Less, can suppress the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse, and can reduce the cost of the dehumidification air conditioner.

As this kind of hot ray reflective film with high average transmittance of visible light and high average reflectivity of hot ray, it is preferable to use it for optical interference filter as described in JP 9-506837 The polyester-based multilayer optical film of the optical device, ○A film containing a multilayer polymer film and a transparent conductor attached to the surface of a window glass as described in JP 11-508380A, ○ such as International Publication No. 2005/ Laminated polyester film used for laminating glass on glass as described in No. 040868, ○ Biaxially stretched laminate used for laminating glass on glass as described in International Publication No. 2013/080987 Polyester film, ○, a biaxially stretched laminated polyester film used for laminating glass with laminated glass as described in JP 2014-228837 A, a multilayer laminated film such as.

These multi-layer laminated films are not made of metal vapor deposition layers, metal foils, metal-containing layers, etc., as generally used in agricultural greenhouses, but are formed by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indexes. The multi-layer laminated film can penetrate visible light in sunlight and selectively reflect heat rays.

The multilayer laminate film used in the heat-ray reflective film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics, and it is preferably formed by alternately laminating at least two types of resin layers with different refractive indexes. The reflection caused by the alternate lamination of resin layers with different refractive indexes, the reflection wavelength can be based on the optical Thickness (refractive index×thickness) is designed, and the reflectance can be designed according to the total number of resin layers and the difference in refractive index between the resin layers; the resin can be selected and the thickness or number of layers of the resin layer can be selected to make it the desired reflection characteristic.

As the resin forming the resin layer of the multilayer laminate film, those known per se can be used, and examples include polyester, polyamide, polyamide, polyether, polyketone, polyacrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyacetal, and polyacetal. Styrene, polyamide imine, polyarylate, polyolefin, polyfluoropolymer, polyurethane, polyaryl sulfide, polyether sulfide, polyarylene sulfide, polyvinyl chloride, polyether amide Imine, tetrafluoroethylene, polyether ketone, these are not limited to homopolymers, but can also be copolymers. In addition, in terms of easily increasing the refractive index difference between resins, at least one of the resin layers is preferably a resin having a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring that easily increases the refractive index as a repeating unit, or it may be a copolymerized component exist.

Among them, the resin used as a resin layer with a higher refractive index is preferably a crystalline thermoplastic resin in terms of easily exhibiting a high degree of molecular alignment by stretching, especially a thermal plastic resin with a melting point of 200°C or higher. Plastic resin is preferred. From this point of view, as the specific thermoplastic resin, polyester is preferred, and polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate is more preferred. , In terms of stretching at a high stretching ratio, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate having a condensed aromatic ring is preferred.

On the other hand, as far as the resin used in the resin layer with a lower refractive index is concerned, it is not special as long as it can exhibit a sufficient refractive index difference with the resin layer with a higher refractive index and can maintain the required adhesion. limit. It is also possible to use, for example, a copolymer component that can reduce the refractive index and a tree with a higher refractive index. The resin used in the grease layer is copolymerized with resin, etc. In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the refractive index by stretching or the like, it is also possible to use a resin having an extremely lower melting point than an amorphous resin or a resin of a resin layer with a higher refractive index. For example, amorphous polyester containing an ethylene terephthalate component can be preferably used.

〔Through hole〕

The second feature of the heating wire shielding means used in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention is that a plurality of through holes are formed in the heating wire shielding means at predetermined intervals.

The hot wire shielding method used in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention requires sufficient shielding of the hot wire. As shown in Figure 1, it covers the entire upper surface of the agricultural greenhouse, and divides the agricultural greenhouse into upper and lower regions, so that the agricultural greenhouse The air permeability of the upper and lower parts of the slab is better, and a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals.

In the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, the skylights in the roof are opened at night, which will not undergo photosynthesis, so that the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse is lowered to prevent the daytime temperature rise of the next day; by forming a plurality of heat-wire shielding means at predetermined intervals The through hole allows the heated air in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse to escape to the outside through the hot wire shielding means; moreover, at night, especially in the early morning, even if the air near the upper part of the roof is cold, it can still prevent the hot wire shielding means Condensation occurs on the bottom surface, forming water droplets and dripping onto the plant, causing discoloration and deterioration of the plant's fruits, leaves, flowers, etc., and the quality of the plant's fruits, leaves, flowers, etc., or the heat-ray shielding means itself deteriorates.

The opening ratio of the plurality of through holes formed in the hot wire shielding means is preferably 0.5~10%, more preferably 1~5% range.

In addition, the "opening rate" in the present invention refers to the square part (area 100cm ² ) of 10 cm in length and width on one surface of the heat shielding means. When the surface is viewed from the vertical direction of the surface, the back surface can be seen without obstruction. The part on the side is regarded as an opening, and the total area (Scm ² ) of the area of the opening (referred to as the opening area) is calculated according to the formula: [S(cm ² )/100(cm ² )]×100.

In the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, if the aperture ratio is 0.5% or more, the ventilation of the hot wire shielding means can be improved, and the skylights in the roof are opened at night when photosynthesis will not occur, so that the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse When the temperature is lowered to prevent the temperature rise the next day, the air heated during the day in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse can escape to the outside through the heat reflection film. Moreover, at night, especially early in the morning, even when the air near the upper part of the roof is cold, it can still prevent condensation on the bottom of the film from forming water droplets on the plant, causing the plant's fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. to discolor and deteriorate. Or the film itself is degraded, which is preferable. Furthermore, if the porosity is 1% or more, the air permeability of the heat ray reflective film is better, which is preferable.

In addition, if the aperture ratio is 10% or less, the heat-ray reflection function obtained by the heat-ray reflection film will not be greatly reduced, which is preferable. Furthermore, if the aperture ratio is 5% or less, the decrease in heat ray reflection ability can be further reduced, which is better.

As the heat shielding means, a structure in which a through hole is provided for the heat reflecting film can be used.

The through holes are preferably arranged at a predetermined interval to shield the hot wire The physical properties such as strength and rigidity of the means are as uniform as possible. In order to make the air permeability of the heating wire shielding means as uniform as possible, the interval between the through holes is 30 cm or less, preferably 20 cm or less, and more preferably 10 cm or less.

As the specific structure of the heat ray shielding means, it can be formed by piercing the heat ray reflective film with holes of predetermined shapes such as circles, triangles, and quadrangles at predetermined intervals; the heat ray shielding means may be rolled up at night or in winter. Therefore, in order to improve the winding property of the heating wire shielding means, the shape of the hole is preferably made to have a longer length in the width direction (that is, the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction) than the length of the heating wire shielding means in the longitudinal direction.

In order to improve the winding properties, blocking resistance, tear resistance, durability, etc. of the heat ray shielding means, instead of forming the heat ray shielding means with a sheet of heat ray reflecting film, it is better to make the heat ray reflecting film cut into thin pieces. Ribbon-shaped thin ribbon-shaped strips are knitted fabrics knitted by warp yarns and/or weft yarns. Furthermore, it is better to make a fabric woven with the thin ribbon-like strips of the heat reflecting film as warp yarns or weft yarns, and transparent silk yarns as weft yarns or warp yarns. As for the thin strips, the heat-ray reflective film is cut into a thin strip with a width of 1-50mm, preferably a width of 2-20mm, and more preferably a width of 4-8mm (after fine cutting) .

As a preferable structure of the braid, a thin ribbon-like strip 7 woven with transparent threads 8 as shown in Fig. 2 (a), (b), and (c) can be mentioned. The braid in Figure 2(a) is made by using thin ribbon-like strips 7 as warp yarns, and is woven on a loom with transparent silk threads 8 inserted transversely; the braid in Figure 2(b) is made of thin ribbon-like strips The belt 7 is a weft yarn, and the transparent silk thread 8 is woven by the warp yarn; and the knitted fabric in Figure 2 (c) is The thin ribbon-like strip 7 is knitted with warp yarns and transparent silk yarns 8 as weft yarns.

The through holes in the knitted fabric are formed between the warp yarns and/or between the weft yarns, and the opening rate of the through holes can be adjusted according to the density of the warp yarns and the weft yarns.

〔Ultraviolet absorption layer〕

The heat-ray shielding means of the present invention is exposed to sunlight during the day. In order to prevent deterioration caused by ultraviolet rays, it is preferable to make the heat-ray-reflecting film forming the heat-ray shielding means have a light transmittance of 350nm (hereinafter referred to as "ultraviolet penetration "Transmittance") is 10% or less.

When the heat ray reflective film contains a resin with a condensed aromatic ring such as naphthalene dicyclic ring, the ultraviolet light transmittance of the heat ray reflective film will decrease by itself, so it is not necessary to provide an ultraviolet absorbing layer; while the heat ray reflective film has a higher UV transmittance When it is high, it is preferable to provide an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one side of the outermost layer of the heat ray reflective film to reduce the ultraviolet transmittance.

系紫外線吸收劑、苯并三唑系紫外線吸收劑、二苯甲酮系紫外線吸收劑、苯并噁

酮系紫外線吸收劑、水楊酸酯系紫外線吸收劑、氰基丙烯酸酯系紫外線吸收劑、水楊酸酯系紫外線吸收劑，較佳可使用三

系紫外線吸收劑、苯并三唑系紫外線吸收劑。具體而言，可例示2-(2-羥基-4-〔1-辛氧基羰基乙氧基〕苯基)-4,6-雙(4-苯基苯基)-1,3,5-三

、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-雙(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)酚、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-(1-甲基-1-苯乙基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)酚、辛基-3-〔 3-三級丁基-4-羥基-5-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯基〕丙酸酯、2-乙基己基-3-〔3-三級丁基-4-羥基-5-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯基〕丙酸酯、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)4,6-雙(1-乙基-1-苯乙基)酚、酚、2-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)4-甲基、2,2’-亞甲基雙〔6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基〕酚、2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三

-2-基)-5-〔(己基)氧基〕酚、2,4-雙(2-羥基-4-丁氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-雙-丁氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三

、苯丙酸、3-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羥基-C7-9分支及鏈狀烷基酯、2-(2-羥基-5-三級甲苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二-三級戊基酚、2,2’-二羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-〔4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三

-2-基〕-5-(辛氧基)酚、2-(2’-羥基-5’-辛基苯基)苯并三唑。 As the ultraviolet absorber contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer, for example, three

UV absorber, benzotriazole UV absorber, benzophenone UV absorber, benzoxan

Ketone UV absorbers, salicylate UV absorbers, cyanoacrylate UV absorbers, salicylate UV absorbers, preferably three

It is a UV absorber, benzotriazole UV absorber. Specifically, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-[1-octyloxycarbonylethoxy]phenyl)-4,6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-1,3,5- three

, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenethyl)phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)- 6-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, octyl-3-〔3-tertiarybutyl-4-hydroxyl -5-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]propionate, 2-ethylhexyl-3-[3-tertiarybutyl-4-hydroxy-5-(5 -Chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]propionate, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)4,6-bis(1-ethyl-1-phenylethyl) Base) phenol, phenol, 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)4-methyl, 2,2'-methylene Bis[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl]phenol, 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3 ,5-three

-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]phenol, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-bis-butoxyphenyl) )-1,3,5-three

, Phenylpropionic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-C7-9 branched and chain alkyl ester, 2 -(2-Hydroxy-5-tertiary tolyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tertiary amylphenol, 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-tri

-2-yl]-5-(octyloxy)phenol, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-octylphenyl)benzotriazole.

In addition, as the binder resin of the ultraviolet absorbing layer, for example, polyester resin, acrylic resin, acrylic silicone resin, urethane resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, melamine resin, cellulose resin, and polyamide can be illustrated. Resin. Among these binder resins, acrylic resins, acrylic silicone resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, and fluororesins are preferred because of their excellent light stability.

As a method of providing the ultraviolet absorbing layer, for example, a method of providing an ultraviolet absorber layer on the surface of a multilayer laminate film by a coextrusion method, or a method of providing an ultraviolet absorber layer by a method such as coating.

As mentioned above, based on the prevention of the UV From the viewpoint of chemical conversion, it is better to make the UV transmittance as low as 10% or less; however, if the UV rays are shielded too much, the fruits such as eggplants will appear to be less mature when they grow, and the bees cannot fully approach the flowers in agricultural greenhouses. Problems such as inability to conduct pollination activities normally.

When the ultraviolet light transmittance of the hot ray shielding means is too low, the ultraviolet light transmittance can be adjusted higher as follows.

When the heat-ray shielding means is the one that penetrates the heat-ray reflective film with through holes, by adjusting the size and density of the through-holes to be penetrated to adjust the aperture ratio, the heat-ray shielding means can be adjusted to not excessively shield ultraviolet rays.

In addition, when the heat shielding means is a thin ribbon-like strip of the heat-reflective film and a braid of transparent threads, the density of the thin strip and/or transparent threads forming the braid can be adjusted to adjust the thin strip The opening rate of the through holes between the strips and/or between the transparent threads; as a thin strip, it can be used together with the heat-reflective film, such as polyethylene film, a transparent film with high ultraviolet transmittance, etc. The hot-ray shielding means is adjusted to not excessively shield ultraviolet rays.

Generally speaking, when the heat ray reflection film contains a resin with a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring, the ultraviolet light transmittance of the heat ray reflection film tends to be excessively reduced. In this case, the heat ray shielding means is surfaced from the surface perpendicular to the surface. During the observation, it is preferable that the area ratio of the heat-ray reflecting film in the heat-ray shielding means (hereinafter referred to as "coverage rate") is 95% or less.

A-2. Plant cultivation method

The agricultural greenhouse of the present invention can be applied to fruits and vegetables that undergo photosynthesis by sunlight, such as tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, red peppers, cucumbers, watermelons, pumpkins, peppers, peas, broad beans, strawberries, broccoli, broccoli, etc. Cultivated.

In the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, the daytime system that actively performs photosynthesis closes the skylights provided on the roof to make the agricultural greenhouses airtight, and maintains the temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in the agricultural greenhouses. It is controlled within the scope of active photosynthesis, but it is okay to temporarily open the skylight during the day. Specifically, it is preferable to maintain and control the temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse at 35° C. or less, maintain and control the carbon dioxide concentration at 500 to 1500 ppm, and maintain and control the humidity saturation difference at 4 g/m ³ or less to cultivate plants.

The temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse can be set according to the optimum temperature and the highest limit temperature of the plant to be cultivated. For example, the suitable temperature and maximum limit temperature of fruits and vegetables in the daytime (expressed as [suitable temperature, maximum limit temperature]) are tomatoes (20~25℃, 35℃], eggplant [23~28℃, 35℃], green peppers [ 25~30℃, 35℃], cucumber [23~28℃, 35℃], watermelon [23~28℃, 35℃], pumpkin [20~25℃, 35℃]. Therefore, the temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse is preferably 35°C or less, preferably 30°C or less, and more preferably 20-30°C.

Generally, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is about 300ppm, and by setting the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the agricultural greenhouse to 500~1500ppm, the photosynthesis of plants can be greatly promoted. When the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 500ppm, the photosynthesis promotion effect is not sufficient; 1500ppm can hardly promote photosynthesis, so the economic advantage is small.

The moisture state of plants is more strongly affected by the humidity saturation difference than the relative humidity (it is an index that indicates how much space the water vapor has to enter the air of a certain temperature and humidity, and the number of g indicates the volume of water vapor per 1m ³ of the air) In the cultivation method of the present invention, the humidity saturation difference in the agricultural greenhouse is maintained and controlled below 4g/m ³ by means of dehumidification and cooling to cultivate plants.

The humidity saturation difference inside the agricultural greenhouse can be set within the range suitable for the plants to be cultivated. Generally speaking, if the humidity saturation difference is too large, the plants cannot close the stomata and carry out evapotranspiration, and cannot actively carry out photosynthesis. Therefore, it is better to use The humidity saturation difference inside the agricultural greenhouse is preferably 4 g/m ³ or less, more preferably 3.5 g/m ³ or less.

In addition, if the humidity saturation difference is too small, there will be no water vapor pressure difference between plants and the air. Even if the stomata are opened, evapotranspiration cannot occur, carbon dioxide cannot be absorbed, and photosynthesis cannot be actively performed. Therefore, the humidity saturation difference inside the agricultural greenhouse should be better. It is 2 g/m ³ or more, more preferably 2.5 g/m ³ or more.

In order to maintain and control the temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and humidity in the agricultural greenhouse within the above range, for example, it is only necessary to install a temperature sensor, a CO ₂ sensor, and a humidity sensor in the agricultural greenhouse, and based on these measured values It is sufficient to adjust the operating conditions of the CO ₂ supply means and the dehumidification cooling means.

Furthermore, due to the temperature at which photosynthesis is active, The carbon dioxide concentration and humidity vary with plant types, growth stages, etc. Therefore, the target values of temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and humidity in agricultural greenhouses are better set and adjusted finely.

In this way, in the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse, the daytime system that actively performs photosynthesis closes the skylights provided on the roof to make the agricultural greenhouse in a sealed state, which can reduce the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse The carbon dioxide concentration and humidity are maintained and controlled within the range where photosynthesis is actively carried out. Moreover, the heat-ray shielding means formed by using the heat-ray reflecting film with high transmittance of visible light and high heat-ray reflectivity can reduce energy cost without hindering the growth of plants and is an excellent one.

In addition, in the present invention, the skylight opened in the roof at night, which does not actively perform photosynthesis, can lower the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse to prevent the daytime temperature rise the next day. Furthermore, by using a heat shielding means in which a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals, the air heated during the day in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse can escape to the outside through the heat shielding means. Furthermore, at night, especially early in the morning, even when the air close to the upper part of the roof is cold, it can still prevent condensation on the bottom surface of the heating wire shielding means from forming water droplets on the plants, discoloring and deteriorating the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. It is an excellent one with deterioration in quality or deterioration of the film itself.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the skylight provided on the roof is closed during the daytime, and since the water in the agricultural greenhouse is not easy to escape to the outside, the amount of water supplied to the plants can be reduced, and it is an excellent one that can grow plants in dry areas.

Also, in the present invention, it is formed at predetermined intervals by using The heat-ray shielding means with multiple through holes can adjust the ultraviolet light transmittance to the range that does not hinder the color formation of the fruit and the pollination activity performed by the bees is excellent.

B. Heat ray reflective film structure

Next, the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention will be described.

Since the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention has high visible light transmittance, high heat-ray reflectivity, and good ventilation, it can be applied to agricultural greenhouses that use sunlight, especially as shown in Figure 1. An agricultural greenhouse that maintains the carbon dioxide concentration in an agricultural greenhouse at a high level to promote the growth of plants. In particular, it can be used as a means of shielding hot wires in agricultural greenhouses. In addition, here, visible light refers to light with a wavelength of 400 to 750 nm; hot wire refers to light with a wavelength of 800 to 1100 nm.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of an agricultural greenhouse or a heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention; as for symbol 3, in the description of the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention, it represents a hot-wire blocking means. The description of the heat-reflective film structure refers to the heat-reflective film structure.

This agricultural greenhouse 1 that uses sunlight is covered with a heat-reflecting film structure 3 on the upper part, and is equipped with a CO ₂ supply means 2 for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 1 and a dehumidification cooling means 4 for cooling the inside of the agricultural greenhouse 1 at the lower part . In this agricultural greenhouse 1, the skylight 5 can be closed during the day to economically maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural greenhouse 1 at a high concentration, and the skylight 5 can be opened at night to lower the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse 1.

The heat-ray reflective film structure system of the present invention has the following physical properties and structures:

1) It is used on at least one side of a multilayer laminate film that is obtained by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indexes, and has an average transmittance of visible light of 80% or more and an average reflectivity of heat rays of 70% or more The surface is formed by the original film with a slippery imparting layer.

2) The thin ribbon-shaped strip cut from the original film is a warp yarn or a weft yarn, and a silk yarn or the like is a weft yarn or a warp yarn knitted fabric.

3) In this knitted fabric, the thickness of the silk yarn etc. is taken to be 0.01~0.30 times the width of the thin strip, and the interval between the adjacent thin strips is taken as the thin strip 0.1~0.5 times the width.

The heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention, such as an agricultural greenhouse with sunroof closed during the day and open at night, is not equipped with a resin board such as "SUNNYCOAT". Compared with the previous agricultural greenhouse, it has the following advantages:

1) It can improve the transmittance of visible light required for plant growth. (In the previous agricultural greenhouse with "SUNNYCOAT", as mentioned above, the transmittance of 400~700nm light required for the growth of plants is at most about 70%, which is very low)

2) It can reduce the equipment cost of agricultural greenhouses.

3) It will not happen: At night, especially early in the morning, the temperature difference between the cultivation part and the roof becomes larger, and condensation occurs on the bottom surface of "SUNNYCOAT" to form water droplets on the plant, discoloring the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc., The problem of deterioration.

In addition, in previous agricultural greenhouses, "near-infrared absorbing films" were used to block heat insulation, but such heat-absorbing films absorb the heat and cause the film itself to generate heat, thereby increasing the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse. On the other hand, the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is a heat-ray reflective film that uses a "multilayer laminate film with an average reflectivity of the heat ray (light with a wavelength of 800 to 1100 nm) of 70% or more." The indoor temperature rises.

Hereinafter, the physical properties and structure of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention will be described in order.

<Applicable agricultural greenhouse>

The agricultural greenhouse to which the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is applied uses sunlight. If artificial light such as LEDs is used, although the amount of light energy used as the driving source of photosynthesis can be adjusted and controlled, it is necessary to consume irradiation energy and is not suitable for the mass growth of plants.

Moreover, in general agricultural greenhouses that use sunlight, the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse is often raised due to the heat contained in the sunlight. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the agricultural greenhouse at an appropriate temperature through natural ventilation and forced ventilation. The air exchange requires time, labor, and cost, and the air exchange makes it easier for pests to invade the agricultural greenhouse.

Furthermore, in an agricultural greenhouse that maintains a high level of carbon dioxide concentration, in order to prevent the carbon dioxide from escaping to the outside as much as possible, it is necessary to maintain a low air exchange rate; for this reason, the air conditioner must be activated during the day. The temperature in the vast agricultural greenhouses is maintained at an appropriate temperature, and the air conditioner needs a lot of energy of.

For agricultural greenhouses using sunlight to which the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is applied, it is preferable that the daytime system that actively performs photosynthesis closes the skylights provided on the roof to make the agricultural greenhouses airtight. The temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity are maintained and controlled within the range of active photosynthesis; moreover, the skylights in the roof are opened at night when photosynthesis is not active, so that the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse will drop to prevent the next day. The temperature rises during the day, and by using a heat-ray reflective film structure with a specific structure and physical properties, plants can be cultivated economically and efficiently.

<Multilayer laminated film>

The first feature of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is that the material film of the heat-ray reflective film structure is not a metal that is generally used in agricultural greenhouses for reflection by a metal vapor deposition layer, a metal foil, or a metal-containing layer. Heat ray and visible light type films, but use optical interference filters, heat ray reflection type multilayer laminate films used in the field of laminated glass, and provide a slippery imparting layer on at least one side of the multilayer laminate film .

Specifically, in this multilayer laminated film, the average transmittance of visible light contained in sunlight is as high as 80% or more, and the average reflectivity of heat rays contained in sunlight is as high as 70% or more.

By using a multi-layer laminated film with an average transmittance of visible light as high as 80% or more, the visible light as the driving source of photosynthesis can be fully supplied to the plant, so the growth of the plant can be fully promoted.

In addition, by using a multi-layer laminate film with an average reflectivity of the heating wire as high as 70% or more, the heating wire that raises the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse can be sufficiently shielded. Furthermore, since the film itself, such as the heat-absorbing film, generates less heat, the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse can be suppressed, and the cost of the dehumidifying air conditioner can be reduced.

As such a material film having a high average transmittance of visible light and a high average reflectivity of the heat rays, it is preferable to use the patent documents listed in the above-mentioned "Heat ray shielding means" [Heat ray reflection film] Multilayer laminated film.

These multilayer laminate films are multilayer laminate films formed by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indices, which can penetrate visible light in sunlight and selectively reflect heat rays. In order to properly perform visible light penetration and selective reflection of heat rays through the multilayer laminate film, the average refractive index difference between the two resin layers in the in-plane direction is preferably at least 0.03. In addition, the multilayer laminate film preferably has at least 101 resin layers with an optical thickness of 150 to 400 nm, preferably 200 to 300 nm.

The multilayer laminate film used in the heat ray reflective film structure of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics, and it is preferably formed by alternately laminating at least two types of resin layers with different refractive indexes. The reflection caused by the alternate lamination of resin layers with different refractive indexes, the reflection wavelength can be designed according to the optical thickness of the resin layer (refractive index × thickness), and the reflectivity can be determined by the total number of resin layers and the refractive index difference between the resin layers Design; select the resin and adjust the thickness or the number of layers of the resin layer to make it the desired reflection characteristics.

As the resin forming the resin layer of the multilayer laminate film, It is the same as the resin used to form the resin layer of the multilayer laminate film described in the item [Heat Ray Reflective Film] of the above-mentioned <Heat Ray Shielding Means>. In addition, the resin used in the resin layer with a higher refractive index and the resin used in the resin layer with a lower refractive index are also higher than the refractive index described in the [Heat Ray Reflective Film] item of the above-mentioned <Heat Ray Shielding Means> The resin used in the resin layer and the resin used in the resin layer with a lower refractive index are respectively the same.

<Slidability imparting layer knitted fabric>

In the present invention, by further providing slippage imparting layers on at least one side surface of the multilayer laminate film, preferably on both surfaces, the thin ribbon-shaped strips cut by the multilayer laminate film can be warp yarns or weft yarns. , Weaving smoothly and uniformly with silk yarns as wefts or warps. If this slipperiness imparting layer is not provided, during weaving, it will happen that the thin ribbon-like strips are stuck during storage, or cannot be smoothly transferred in the weaving machine, and the weaving cannot be performed smoothly, or Unfavorable situations such as inability to knit uniformly

The slippage imparting layer can be formed by coating the multilayer laminate film with a resin layer containing fine particles with an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 μm or a lubricant such as wax, or by laminating by coextrusion.

As the aforementioned fine particles, for example, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate copolymer, methyl methacrylate copolymer crosslinked body, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly Organic particles such as acrylonitrile, benzoguanamine resin, core-shell particles formed by coating polystyrene particles with acrylic resin, and silica, alumina, titania, kaolin, talc, graphite, calcium carbonate , Feldspar, Inorganic particles such as molybdenum disulfide, carbon black, and barium sulfate. Among these, organic fine particles are preferred.

If the average particle size of the fine particles is less than 0.05 μm, the slipperiness of the film tends to be insufficient due to the amount of particles; on the other hand, if it is larger than 0.5 μm, the particles may fall off the coating film.

The following describes the case of coating as an example.

As the binder for fixing fine particles, alkyd resins, unsaturated polyester resins, saturated polyester resins, phenol resins, amino resins, vinyl acetate resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resins, acrylic resins, Acrylic-polyester resin, etc. These resins can be homopolymers or copolymers, or mixtures.

The ratio of the aforementioned fine particles to the film forming resin (binder) is preferably determined according to the design of the surface characteristics of the film, and is based on the total film forming components per unit, preferably 0.1-40% by weight of the fine particles, as the film of the binder The formation resin (adhesive) is 60 to 99.9% by weight. If the number of fine particles is too small, a uniform and predetermined amount of protrusions cannot be provided to the film; on the other hand, if there are too many, the dispersibility will deteriorate and it is difficult to provide a uniform and predetermined amount of protrusions. If there is too little coating-forming resin of the adhesive, the adhesion of the coating to the polyester film will deteriorate; on the other hand, if it is too much, the blocking resistance will deteriorate.

As a method of providing a slippery imparting layer to a multilayer laminate film, a coating solution containing fine particles and a film-forming resin can be used, preferably an aqueous coating solution, which is applied before the crystal alignment is completed in the manufacturing step of the multilayer laminate film The method of drying and curing the film surface (in-line coating Method), or a method of applying a resin coating liquid containing fine particles to a biaxially oriented multilayer laminate film and drying and curing it, etc. The former is preferred. In particular, it is preferable to apply an aqueous coating liquid to the surface of the longitudinally stretched multilayer laminate film, followed by drying and lateral stretch processing.

Here, the multi-layer laminated film before the completion of the crystal alignment includes a melt-extruded film, an unstretched film that is quenched and solidified, and a uniaxially stretched film in which the unstretched film is oriented in either the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction. , Or biaxially stretched film extending in the biaxial direction, but at least one direction is low-magnification stretching and further needs the biaxially stretched film in this direction (finally it is re-extended in the longitudinal and/or transverse directions to make the biaxially stretched film before the alignment is crystallized. Axis stretch film) etc.

As the coating method, any well-known coating method can be applied. It is suitable to apply alone or in combination such as roll coating method, gravure coating method, roll brush method, spraying method, air knife coating method, impregnation method, curtain coating method, etc. In addition, a method known per se can be used for coextrusion.

<braid>

The second feature of the heat ray reflective film structure of the present invention is that it is used in at least one side of the above-mentioned multilayer laminate film, preferably in the shape of a cut thin strip of the original film provided with slippage imparting layers on both surfaces Strips are knitted fabrics made of warp yarns or weft yarns, silk yarns and the like as weft yarns or warp yarns.

In this way, instead of using a multi-layer laminate film as a single film, it is made by knitting a thin ribbon-like strip of the original film with a slippage imparting layer on the surface of the multi-layer laminate film as warp yarns or weft yarns. Braid By using it, the mechanical strength of the heat-ray reflective film structure, such as winding properties, blocking resistance, tear resistance, and durability, can be improved.

Furthermore, since the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is a woven fabric, the air permeability can be ensured by the openings formed between the thin ribbon-shaped strips, silk yarns, and the like. In this way, the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention has better air permeability than when the film is used. Therefore, it can be prevented at night. Especially in the early morning, the temperature difference between the cultivation part and the roof part becomes large, and the bottom surface of the film Condensation occurs to form water droplets on plants, causing problems such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc.

In addition, when using a multilayer laminate film with a simple substance, ultraviolet rays may be excessively shielded, and fruit such as eggplants may appear to be ripe when they grow. In agricultural greenhouses, bees cannot get close to the flowers and cannot conduct pollination activities normally. The problem is that in the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention, since openings are formed, the disadvantages associated with such excessive shielding of ultraviolet rays can be avoided.

<The form of openings>

The third feature of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is that in the knitted fabric, the thickness of the silk yarn or the like is taken as 0.01 to 0.30 times the width of the thin ribbon, and the adjacent thin ribbons The interval between the strips is 0.1 to 0.5 times the width of the thin strips. "Silk yarn, etc." refers to silk yarn or spun yarn. In addition, as for the silk yarn in the present invention, either monofilament yarn or multifilament yarn can be used, and it is not particularly limited.

As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the multi-layer laminate The thin ribbon (warp) 11 that the film is cut into thin ribbons (finely cut) is woven with silk yarn (weft) 12 as an example. If these figures are used to explain, Make the thickness A of the silk yarn etc. (weft yarn) 12, the width B of the thin ribbon-shaped strip (warp yarn) 11, the interval C between adjacent silk yarns and the like (weft yarn) 12, and the adjacent thin ribbon-shaped strip (warp yarn) ) The interval D of 11 is in a specific range, and the porosity of the heat ray reflective film structure is in an appropriate range. Compared with the case of using a multilayer laminate film, it can ensure a high visible light. The transmittance and reflectivity of the hot ray, while making the ultraviolet transmittance into an appropriate range.

Specifically, in the knitted fabric, the thickness of the silk yarn (weft yarn) 12 is taken to be 0.01 to 0.30 times the width of the thin ribbon (warp) 11, and the adjacent thin ribbon The interval of (warp yarn) 11 is 0.1 to 0.5 times the width of the thin ribbon (warp yarn) 11, so that the porosity becomes an appropriate range. Compared with the case of using a multilayer laminated film, it can ensure millimeters. Not inferior to high visible light transmittance and heat ray reflectivity, while making the ultraviolet transmittance into a proper range. In addition, from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention, the interval between adjacent silk yarns and the like (weft yarns) 12 is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 10 mm.

As for the width of the thin ribbon-shaped strip (warp yarn) 11, it is preferably 1-10 mm, more preferably 2-6 mm, and still more preferably 3-5 mm. In terms of the interval between the thin ribbon-like strips (warp yarns) 11, that is, the distance between the ends of adjacent thin ribbon-like strips (warp yarns) 11, it is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5 to 0.7 mm. In terms of the thickness of silk yarn (weft yarn) 12, it is preferably 0.05~0.35mm, more preferably 0.1~ 0.3mm, more preferably 0.15~0.25mm. The heat-ray reflective film construction system of the present invention sets the width of the thin ribbon-like strips of the knitted fabric, the thickness of the silk yarns, etc., the interval between adjacent silk yarns, etc., and the interval between adjacent thin ribbons, as described above. By making the aperture ratio into a proper range, compared with the case of using a multilayer laminate film, it can ensure a higher visible light transmittance and heat ray reflectivity, and at the same time make the ultraviolet transmittance become Appropriate range.

The UV transmittance of the heat-reflective film structure is preferably 7-21%. If the UV penetration rate is 7% or more, it is less likely to cause problems such as eggplant and other fruits that show a mature color when growing, and the bees in the agricultural greenhouse cannot get close to the flowers sufficiently and cannot perform normal pollination activities, so it is better. In addition, if the ultraviolet transmittance is 21% or less, problems such as hindering the growth of plants are unlikely to occur, which is preferable.

The aperture ratio of the heat ray reflective film structure is preferably 10-30%. In addition, the "opening rate" in the present invention refers to a square part (area 100 cm ² ) each having a length and width of 10 cm on one surface of the heat-reflecting film structure. The part where the back side is obstructively visible is used as an opening, and the total area (Scm ² ) of the opening area (called the opening area) is calculated according to the formula: [S(cm ² )/100(cm ² )]× 100 to get it.

In the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention, if the aperture ratio is 10% or more, the air-permeability of the heat-ray reflective film structure can be improved, and the skylight on the roof can be opened at night when photosynthesis does not occur. When the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse is lowered to prevent the daytime temperature from rising the next day, The air heated during the day in the lower part of the agricultural greenhouse can escape to the outside through the heat-ray reflective film structure. Moreover, at night, especially early in the morning, even when the air near the upper part of the roof is cold, it can still prevent condensation on the bottom surface of the heat-reflective film structure from forming water droplets on the plants, discoloring and deteriorating the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. It is preferable if the quality is deteriorated or the heat ray reflection film structure itself is deteriorated. In addition, if the aperture ratio is 30% or less, the higher visible light transmittance and heat ray reflectance obtained by the multilayer laminate film can be ensured, which is preferable.

<Ultraviolet absorption layer>

The agricultural film such as the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is exposed to sunlight during the daytime. In order to prevent deterioration caused by ultraviolet rays, it is preferable to provide an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one side.

When a resin with a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring is used to form a resin layer with a high refractive index in the multilayer laminate film that constitutes the heat-ray reflective film structure, the resin layer is easily degraded by ultraviolet rays, so an ultraviolet absorbing layer system is provided Especially effective. In addition, the heat ray reflective film structure of the present invention is not a simple film but is provided with the aforementioned opening. Therefore, when such an ultraviolet absorbing layer is provided, necessary ultraviolet rays can still be penetrated while suppressing the heat ray reflective film structure Deterioration of itself.

The thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably 1 to 5 μm. If the thickness of the ultraviolet absorbing layer is 1 μm or more, the deterioration of the resin layer can be sufficiently prevented; and if it is 5 μm or less, the deterioration of the resin layer can be sufficiently prevented economically and efficiently, which is preferable.

The ultraviolet absorber, the adhesive resin contained in the ultraviolet absorbing layer, and the method of providing the ultraviolet absorbing layer are the same as those described in the item of [Ultraviolet absorbing layer] in the above-mentioned "Heat ray shielding means".

<Function, effect>

The heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is formed by using a multilayer laminate film with high visible light transmittance and high heat-ray reflectivity, and can suppress the temperature rise in the agricultural greenhouse without hindering the growth of plants. Good ones.

In addition, the heat-reflective film structure of the present invention is based on the thin ribbon-shaped strips cut from the original film provided with a slippage imparting layer on the surface of the multilayer laminate film as warp yarns or weft yarns, and silk yarns as weft yarns. Or a woven fabric made of warp yarns, so it can be woven smoothly and uniformly. Compared with the case of using a multilayer laminate film, it can achieve winding properties, blocking resistance, tear resistance, durability, etc. The mechanical strength is better; and the openings formed between the thin ribbons, silk yarns, etc., can ensure air permeability and are excellent ones.

Furthermore, the heat-ray reflective film structure system of the present invention makes the thickness of the silk yarns of the woven fabric, the width of the thin ribbon-like strips, the interval between adjacent silk yarns, etc., and the interval between the adjacent thin ribbons In a specific range, the aperture ratio becomes an appropriate range. Compared with the case of using a multi-layer laminated film, it can ensure the transmittance of visible light and the reflectance of heat rays that are not inferior. The ultraviolet transmittance becomes a proper range.

[Example]

Hereinafter, the agricultural greenhouse of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the agricultural greenhouse will be described in further detail based on examples and comparative examples.

<Hot Wire Barrier Film>

As heat-ray barrier films, heat-reflective film (hereinafter referred to as "film A") and heat-absorbing film (hereinafter referred to as "film B") are used as heat-ray barrier films to compare the temperature rise in agricultural greenhouses.

As the film A, a film having the following structure, physical properties, etc. is used.

＊With the first layer (PEN resin, 137 layer) and the second layer (PETG resin, 138 layer) alternately laminated to form a laminated part, on both surfaces of the laminated part is provided with protective layers (PEN resin, 2 Layer) biaxially stretched laminated polyester film

*PEN resin: Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate with intrinsic viscosity (o-chlorophenol, 35℃) 0.62dl/g

＊PETG resin: copolymerized 30mol% cyclohexanedimethanol with an inherent viscosity (o-chlorophenol, 35℃) of 0.77dl/g cyclohexanedimethanol copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate

*The thickness of the laminated part: 40μm, the thickness of each protective layer: 5μm, the total thickness: 50μm

* Adjust the thickness of the first layer and the second layer to make the optical thickness ratio of the first layer and the second layer of the laminated part equal;

＊Average transmittance: 88%, average reflectivity of hot wire: 75%

In addition, as the film B, a commercially available heat-absorbing film (trade name "Megacool", manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream Co., Ltd.) was used.

The film A and the film B were covered on the upper part of the agricultural greenhouse with the skylight closed and airtight, and the temperature in the agricultural greenhouse was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The vertical axis of the graph in Table 1 indicates the temperature (°C) in the agricultural greenhouse, and the horizontal axis indicates the time (0 o'clock to 24 o'clock).

It can be seen from Table 1 that by using a heat-reflective film such as film A as a heat-ray barrier film used in agricultural greenhouses that use sunlight, compared with the case of using a heat-absorbing film such as film B, it can suppress closed agriculture The temperature rise in the greenhouse.

<Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 2>

Using film A, make the heat-ray shielding means as follows, and discuss these properties. The results are shown in Table 2.

1) The hot wire shielding means of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2

The thin ribbon-shaped strips cut by film A are used as warp yarns and placed on the loom, and transparent silk threads are inserted transversely for weaving to form the hot-wire shielding means shown in Figure 2 (a).

Specifically, the film A is finely cut into a flat yarn with a width of 4.5 mm in the short-side direction, and the flat yarn is used as the warp, and a high-density polyethylene resin monofilament (fineness: 550dtex, tensile strength: 29N) / Root, elongation: 35%) is the weft yarn, which is covered by a loom weaving hot thread.

By adjusting the space between the flat yarns of the warp yarns, a hot-wire shielding method with the open porosity shown in Table 2 is obtained.

2) The hot wire shielding means of embodiment 4

In the production of the heat-reflective film of Example 1, as the flat yarn, the flat yarn (flat yarn b) of the same shape obtained from the polyethylene film is used together with the flat yarn (flat yarn a) obtained from the film A; As the warp yarn, one flat yarn b was arranged for every ten flat yarns a, and in the same manner as in Example 1, the hot thread shielding means was knitted by a loom.

3) The hot wire shielding means of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1

In Example 5, the film A was used as a heat shielding means by piercing the same circular through holes at equal intervals so that the porosity was 3%.

In addition, in Comparative Example 1, the film A was directly used as a heat shielding means.

It can be seen from Table 2 that by using a heat-ray reflective film such as film A to form and set appropriate openings, the heat-ray shielding means can be air-permeable and have a moderate UV transmittance. Furthermore, by forming a braided structure, the winding property, blocking resistance, tear resistance, durability, etc. of the heat-ray shielding means can be improved.

Hereinafter, the heat ray reflective film structure of the present invention will be described in further detail based on Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, the physical properties or characteristics in the examples were measured or evaluated by the following methods.

(1) Use visible light (wavelength: 400-750nm) average transmittance, ultraviolet (wavelength 350nm) transmittance spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, MPC-3100), measured in the wavelength range of 300nm to 2,100nm The relative specular reflectivity of the mirror surface formed by aluminum vapor deposition at each wavelength. From the obtained transmittance curve, according to JIS R 3106: 1998, the average transmittance of visible light and the transmittance of ultraviolet light are calculated.

(2) Average reflectance of hot wire (wavelength: 800-1100nm)

Using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, MPC-3100), the relative specular reflectance with the specular surface formed by aluminum vapor deposition at each wavelength was measured in the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1100 nm. From the measured reflectance curve, calculate the average reflectance of the hot line.

<Production Example 1: Production of Multilayer Laminated Film A>

According to the same manufacturing method as that shown in Example 1 of JP 2014-228837 A, the multilayer laminate film A was manufactured.

Separately prepare polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (hereinafter referred to as "PEN") with an inherent viscosity (o-chlorophenol, 35°C) of 0.62dl/g as the polyester for the first layer and the protective layer , As the second layer of polyester copolymerization 30mol% cyclohexanedimethanol intrinsic viscosity (o-chlorophenol, 35 ℃) 0.77dl/g cyclohexanedimethanol copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (Hereinafter referred to as "PETG").

After that, the polyester for the first layer and protective layer was dried at 180°C for 5 hours, and the polyester for the second layer was dried at 60°C for 12 hours, and then supplied to the extruder, and the PEN system was heated to 300°C , PETG is heated to 270°C to form a molten state. After dividing the polyester of the first layer into 137 layers and dividing the polyester of the second layer into 138 layers, the ratio of the maximum thickness to the minimum thickness of each of the first and second layers is continuously changed to the maximum/minimum 1.4 times etc. The laminated structure part of the laminated structure part is laminated with a multi-layer supply sleeve device with a protective layer laminated on both sides of the laminated structure part, and the mold is guided while maintaining the laminated state and cast on the casting drum. Then, the outermost layers on both sides of the film were provided with protective layers composed of PEN layers, and a non-stretched multilayer laminate film with a total number of layers of the laminate structure portion was 275 layers.

The unstretched multilayer laminate film thus obtained was preheated at 120°C, and further heated in a low-speed, high-speed roll room from 15 mm above with an IR heater at 900°C, and stretched 3.5 times in the longitudinal direction. Then, it was supplied to a tenter and stretched 4.5 times in the lateral direction at 145°C. The obtained biaxially oriented multilayer laminate film was heat-fixed at a temperature of 180° C. for 30 seconds to form a multilayer laminate film A.

The total thickness of the obtained multilayer laminate film A was 50 μm, the thickness of the protective layer on the front and back surfaces was 5 μm, and the optical thickness ratio of the first layer and the second layer of the laminate portion other than the protective layer was equal. In addition, these thicknesses can be adjusted by adjusting the supply volume and the discharge volume of the first and second layers. In addition, the average visible light transmittance of the obtained multilayer laminate film A was 89%, and the average reflectance of the hot ray was 75%.

<Production Example 2: Production of Multilayer Laminated Film B>

Except in Production Example 1, on both sides of the multi-layer laminate film after longitudinal stretching and before lateral stretching, the coating liquid (lubricity imparting coating liquid) of the following composition was applied by roll coating to a coating thickness of 3 μm, and then proceeded A multilayer laminate film B was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except for drying and stretching in the lateral direction.

The composition of the coating solution is 76.9 parts of 1.0wt% solution of acrylic-polyester resin (IN-170-6 manufactured by Takamatsu Oil Co., Ltd.) and 1.0wt% of polymethyl methacrylate fine particles (average particle size of 0.06μm) 3.1 parts of solution, 2.0 parts of 1.0wt% solution of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (NS208.5 manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.), 1.0 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (NS240 manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.) 18.0 parts of wt% solution, and the coating amount is 2.7 g/m ² in a wet state.

<Production Example 3: Production of Multilayer Laminated Film C>

Except in Manufacturing Example 2, Obbligato PW202 (a fluorine resin containing ultraviolet absorber manufactured by AGC COAT-TECH Co., Ltd.) was applied to one side of the multi-layer laminate film before stretching after lateral stretching. A multi-layer laminate film C was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that it was dried on one side of the multi-layer laminate film at 100° C. for 5 minutes to provide a 1 μm ultraviolet absorbing layer.

<Examples 6-1~6-4>

The heat-ray reflective film structures of Examples 6-1 to 6-4 were manufactured as follows.

Cut the multi-layer laminated film B (with a slippery imparting layer and no ultraviolet absorbing layer) into a thin ribbon-shaped strip, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the thin ribbon-shaped strip is a thin strip A belt (warp yarn) 11, a polyethylene monofilament yarn as a silk yarn (weft yarn) 12, etc. are woven to form a heat-reflective film structure.

at this time, ○The width B of the thin ribbon (warp yarn) 11 is the value shown in "The width of the thin ribbon (B) [mm]" in Table 3, and the thickness A of the silk yarn (weft) 12 is taken The value shown in Table 3 "Thickness (A) of Monofilament Yarn (A) [mm]", ○The interval C between adjacent silk yarns (weft yarns) 12 is taken as the "Interval of Monofilament Yarn (C) [ mm]", ○The interval D between adjacent thin strips (warp yarns) 11 takes the value shown in Table 3 "Interval between thin strips (D) [mm]" and weaves it into The heat-ray reflective film structure of Examples 6-1 to 6-4.

In these heat-ray reflective film structures, "the interval between adjacent silk yarns, etc.", "the ratio of the thickness of the silk yarns to the width of the thin ribbon", and "adjacent thin ribbons "The magnification of the interval relative to the width of the thin ribbon" is the value shown in Table 3 "Monofilament Yarn Interval (C) [mm]", "A/B" and "D/A" respectively.

<Comparative Example 3>

Except that the multilayer laminate film A (non-slip imparting layer and ultraviolet absorbing layer) was used as the multilayer laminate film, it was woven in the same manner as in Example 6-1 to form a heat-ray reflective film structure. The multilayer laminate film A was The surface is extremely slippery, and the tension in the step of cutting into thin strips changes greatly, and breaks, or the width of the thin strips is uneven, and it is impossible to obtain a uniformly interwoven heat reflection film structure body.

<Comparative Example 4-1>

The multilayer laminate film B (with a slippery imparting layer, without an ultraviolet absorbing layer) was not cut and knitted, and was used as the heat-ray reflective film structure of Comparative Example 4-1.

<Comparative Example 4-2>

Except that a polyethylene monofilament yarn with a thickness of 1.5 mm was used as the silk yarn (weft yarn) 12, the knitting was carried out in the same manner as in Example 6-1, and the heat-ray reflective film structure of Comparative Example 4-2 was produced.

In the heat-ray reflective film structure of Comparative Example 4-2, "the interval between adjacent silk yarns etc.", "the ratio of the thickness of the silk yarns etc. to the width of the thin ribbon" and "adjacent fineness" The magnification of the interval between the bands with respect to the width of the thin bands” is the “interval of monofilament yarn (C) (mm)”, “A/B” and “D/A” in Table 3, respectively. Show the value.

<Examples 7-1~7-4>

Except that the multilayer laminate film C (with a slippery imparting layer and an ultraviolet absorbing layer) was used as the multilayer laminate film, weaving was carried out in the same manner as in Example 6-1 to produce the heat ray reflective film structure of Example 7-1.

In addition, in Examples 7-1 to 7-4, the width B of the thin ribbon (warp) 11 takes the value shown in the "width of the thin ribbon (B) [mm]" in Table 4 , ○The thickness A of silk yarn etc. (weft yarn) 12 takes the value shown in Table 4 "Thickness (A) of monofilament yarn etc. (A) [mm]", ○The interval between adjacent silk yarns etc. (weft yarn) 12 C takes the "single The interval between silk yarns etc. (C)〔mm〕" shows the value, ○The interval D between adjacent thin strips (warp yarns) 11 is taken from Table 4 "The space between thin strips (D) (mm) ]” The values shown in the heat-ray reflective film structures of Examples 7-1 to 7-4 were prepared.

In these heat-ray reflective film structures, "the interval between adjacent silk yarns, etc.", "the ratio of the thickness of the silk yarns to the width of the thin ribbon", and "adjacent thin ribbons "The magnification of the interval relative to the width of the thin ribbon" is the value shown in Table 4 "Monofilament interval (C) [mm]", "A/B" and "D/A".

<Comparative Example 5-1>

The multilayer laminate film C (with a slippery imparting layer and an ultraviolet absorbing layer) was not cut and knitted, and the heat ray reflection film structure of Comparative Example 5-1 was directly formed.

<Comparative Example 5-2>

Weaving was performed in the same manner as in Example 7-1 except that the interval D between the adjacent thin band-shaped strips (warp yarns) 11 was 2.40 mm, and the heat-ray reflective film structure of Comparative Example 5-2 was produced.

In the heat-ray reflective film structure of Comparative Example 5-2, "the interval between adjacent silk yarns etc.", "the ratio of the thickness of the silk yarns etc. to the width of the thin ribbon" and "adjacent fineness" The magnification of the interval between the bands with respect to the width of the thin bands” is shown in Table 4, “Monofilament Yarn Interval (C) [mm]”, “A/B” and “D/A” respectively. Show the value.

In addition, in Examples 6-1 to 6-4, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4-2, Examples 7-1 to 7-4, and Comparative Example 5-2, in order to compare the width of the thin strip The tape (warp) 11 is firmly woven using weft yarns, and the polyethylene silk yarn (warp) 13 with a thickness of E (0.2mm) is present as a warp on the adjacent thin ribbon-shaped strips (warp) 11 between.

Measure the average transmittance of visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 to 750 nm), the average reflectance of heat (light with a wavelength of 800 to 1100 nm), and the penetration of ultraviolet rays (wavelength of 350 nm) of the heat-ray reflective film structure of the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples. The transmittance, the results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

<Examination based on Table 3>

As in Comparative Example 3, when the multilayer laminate film A without a slippage imparting layer is used, since the surface of the multilayer laminate film A is extremely slippery, the tension change in the step of cutting into thin strips is large. , And breakage occurs, or the width of the thin strips is uneven, and a uniformly interwoven heat ray reflective film structure cannot be obtained. Therefore, unevenness occurs in the aperture ratio, the average transmittance of visible light, the average reflectance of heat rays, and the transmittance of ultraviolet rays of the heat-ray reflective film structure.

Moreover, even when the multilayer laminate film B provided with a slippage imparting layer is used, as in Comparative Example 4-1, the multilayer laminate film B is not cut, When woven directly into a heat-ray reflective film structure, as shown in Table 3, the "opening rate is still 0%", and ventilation cannot be ensured. It occurs at night, especially in the early morning, and the temperature difference between the cultivation area and the roof area increases. , Dew condensation occurs on the bottom surface of the film to form water droplets on plants, causing problems such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. Furthermore, as shown in Table 3, the "ultraviolet penetration rate of 5%" is too small, so that the fruit such as eggplants will appear mature color when growing. In agricultural greenhouses, bees cannot get close enough to the flowers and cannot proceed normally. Problems such as pollination activities.

In addition, even when the multilayer laminate film B provided with a slippage imparting layer is used, as in Comparative Example 4-2, when a thicker with a thickness of 1.5 mm is used as the silk yarn, etc., as shown in Table 3, it is similar to Example 6. Compared with -1~6-4, the "opening rate is still 7%" and small, so the average visible light transmittance is 65%, which is too small.

Compared with the heat-reflective film structure of Comparative Example 3, the heat-reflective film structures of Examples 6-1 to 6-4 using the multilayer laminate film B can be woven smoothly and uniformly, and, therefore, the heat-reflective film structure The film structure has relatively small variations in aperture ratio, average visible light transmittance, average heat ray reflectance, and ultraviolet transmittance, which is excellent.

In addition, the heat-ray reflection film structure of Examples 6-1 to 6-4, compared with the heat-ray reflection film structure of Comparative Example 4-1, has better air permeability and can be prevented from nighttime, especially in the early morning. The temperature difference between the roofs increases, and condensation occurs on the bottom surface of the film to form water droplets on the plants, causing discoloration and deterioration of the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. of the plants. In addition, since the ultraviolet rays are not excessively shielded, there is no To the ripeness of the fruit Color and pollination activities may cause adverse effects.

In addition, the heat ray reflection film structure of Examples 6-1 to 6-4, compared with the heat ray reflection film structure of Comparative Example 4-2, can ensure a high heat ray average reflectivity (61 to 72 %) and ultraviolet light transmittance (11~21%), while making visible light transmittance as high as "86~89%".

<Examination based on Table 4>

The heat-ray reflective film structure system shown in Table 4 is manufactured using a multilayer laminate film C provided with a slippery imparting layer and an ultraviolet absorbing layer; as in Comparative Example 5-1, the multilayer laminate film is not cut or woven. When directly fabricating the heat-ray reflective film structure, as shown in Table 4, the "opening rate is 0%", and air permeability cannot be ensured. It occurs at night, especially in the early morning, when the temperature difference between the cultivation area and the roof becomes larger. Condensation occurs on the bottom surface of the plant, forming water droplets to the plant, causing problems such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. Furthermore, as shown in Table 4, the "ultraviolet penetration rate of 1%" is too small, so that the fruit of eggplant and other fruits will appear mature color when they grow, and the bees cannot get close to the flower sufficiently in the agricultural greenhouse and cannot proceed normally. Problems such as pollination activities.

Also, as in Comparative Example 5-2, when the interval between the thin strips is 2.40 mm and is too wide, as shown in Table 4, compared with Examples 7-1 to 7-4, the "opening rate is 34%” is larger, so the average reflectivity of the hot line is 52%, which is too small.

Heat of Examples 7-1~7-4 using multilayer laminated film C Compared with the heat-reflecting film structure of Comparative Example 3, the wire-reflecting film structure can be woven smoothly and uniformly. Therefore, the opening rate, the average visible light transmittance, and the average heat-ray reflection of the heat-reflecting film structure The unevenness of the rate and the UV transmittance are both small and excellent.

In addition, the heat-ray reflection film structure of Examples 7-1 to 7-4, compared with the heat-ray reflection film structure of Comparative Example 5-1, has better air permeability and can be prevented at night, especially in the early morning. The temperature difference between the roofs increases, and condensation occurs on the bottom surface of the film to form water droplets on the plants, causing discoloration and deterioration of the fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. It may cause adverse effects on fruit ripening and coloring and pollination activities.

In addition, the heat-reflective film structure of Examples 7-1 to 7-4 can ensure the same visible light transmittance (88~93%) compared with the heat-reflective film structure of Comparative Example 5-2. Ultraviolet penetration rate (7~17%), while making the heat ray reflectivity as high as "58~71%".

<Reference example>

ready:

1) Multilayer laminated film A, and 2) Obbligato PW202 (a fluororesin containing ultraviolet absorber manufactured by AGC COAT-TECH Co., Ltd.) was applied to one side of the multilayer laminated film A with a bar, and then carried out at 100°C After 5 minutes of drying treatment, a film with a thickness of 1μm ultraviolet absorbing layer is set, and exposure tests are performed on the films of 1) and 2) (using Xenon Weather Meter, irradiance 60W/m ² , black panel temperature 63°C , Irradiation time 200 hours), evaluate the difference in haze value [△Haze(%)]. The results are shown in Table 5.

Upon visual observation of the film after the exposure test, the surface of the film of 1) without an ultraviolet absorbing layer had microcracks, and the film of 2) with an ultraviolet absorbing layer showed little change in its appearance.

In this way, when a resin having a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring is used to form a resin layer with a high refractive index of the multilayer laminate film constituting the heat ray reflection film structure, the resin layer is susceptible to deterioration caused by ultraviolet rays, and the The ultraviolet absorbing layer can sufficiently prevent the ultraviolet deterioration of the film, and can extend the service life of the heat ray reflection film structure.

In addition, the heat-ray reflective film structure of the present invention is not a simple film, but a thin ribbon-shaped strip cut by the film as warp yarn or weft yarn, Woven fabrics knitted with silk yarns as wefts or warp yarns are provided with openings. Therefore, when such an ultraviolet absorbing layer is provided, necessary ultraviolet rays can still be penetrated and adjusted to suppress heat Deterioration of the reflective film structure itself.

1‧‧‧Agricultural Greenhouse

2‧‧‧CO ₂ supply means

3‧‧‧Heat ray shielding means or heat ray reflective film structure

4‧‧‧Dehumidification and cooling means

5‧‧‧Skylight

Claims (18)

An agricultural greenhouse, which is an agricultural greenhouse using sunlight that closes the skylights on the roof during the day and opens the skylights on the roof at night. The feature is that the agricultural greenhouse has at least: CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide, Hot-wire shielding means and dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of agricultural greenhouses. The hot-wire shielding means uses light with a wavelength of 400~700nm. The average transmittance of light is over 80%, and the average reflectance of light with wavelength of 800~1200nm is over 70%. The heat ray reflection film is formed, and the heat ray shielding means has a plurality of through holes formed at predetermined intervals. Such as the agricultural greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the heat-ray reflective film is a multilayer laminate film formed by alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indexes. The agricultural greenhouse of claim 2, wherein at least one of the two types of resin layers of the multilayer laminate film is a resin layer composed of a resin having a condensed aromatic ring. Such as the agricultural greenhouse of any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the opening ratio of the plurality of through holes provided in the hot wire shielding means is in the range of 0.5-10%. An agricultural greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat shielding means has a structure in which the heat reflecting film is penetrated with through holes. Such as the agricultural greenhouse of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hot wire shielding means has a structure in which thin ribbon-shaped strips cut into thin ribbons with the hot wire reflective film are knitted into warp yarns and/or weft yarns, In addition, through holes are formed between the warp yarns and/or between the weft yarns. Such as the agricultural greenhouse of any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the light transmittance of the heat-ray reflective film with a wavelength of 350nm is less than 10%. The agricultural greenhouse of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat-ray reflective film has an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one side of the outermost layer. The agricultural greenhouse of claim 8, wherein the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains a binder resin, and the binder resin is a fluororesin. Such as the agricultural greenhouse of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aforementioned agricultural greenhouse is used for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for photosynthesis by sunlight. A method of plant cultivation, which uses the method of plant cultivation in an agricultural greenhouse as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the skylight on the roof is closed during the day to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration, and the skylight on the roof is opened at night. The temperature is adjusted, and at least during the day, the temperature inside the agricultural greenhouse is controlled to 35°C or less, the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to 500 to 1500 ppm, and the humidity saturation difference is controlled to 4 g/m ³ or less to cultivate plants. A heat-ray reflective film structure, which is a heat-ray reflective film structure used in an agricultural greenhouse that uses sunlight. The heat-ray reflective film structure system consists of: alternately laminating at least two resin layers with different refractive indices. The light plane with a wavelength of 400~750nm A multilayer laminate film with an average transmittance of 80% or more and an average reflectance of light with a wavelength of 800 to 1100 nm of 70% or more. The original film with a slippage imparting layer is provided on at least one side surface of the original film. The tape is woven into warp yarn or weft yarn and the silk yarn or spun yarn is knitted into weft or warp yarn. The thickness of the silk yarn or spun yarn is 0.01~0.30 times the width of the thin ribbon-like strip, adjacent The interval between the thin strips is 0.1 to 0.5 times the width of the thin strips. The heat-ray reflective film structure of claim 12, wherein the aforementioned multilayer laminate film is one having an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one surface. The heat-ray reflective film structure of claim 13, wherein the ultraviolet absorbing layer contains a binder resin, and the binder resin is a fluororesin. Such as the heat-ray reflective film structure of any one of Claims 12 to 14, wherein the opening rate of the heat-ray reflective film structure is 10-30%, and the light transmittance of 350nm wavelength is 7-21%. The heat-ray reflective film structure according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the resin layer with a higher refractive index of the aforementioned multilayer laminate film is a resin layer composed of a resin having a condensed aromatic ring. The heat-ray reflective film structure according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the average refractive index difference in the in-plane direction of the two resin layers of the multilayer laminate film is at least 0.03. The heat-ray reflective film structure of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the aforementioned multilayer laminate film has at least 101 resin layers with an optical thickness of 150 to 400 nm.

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