JP3102671U - Agricultural shading sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agricultural light-shielding sheet which is easy to adjust a light-shielding rate, is excellent in handleability, and is inexpensive and is suitable for a lining curtain in a house.
SOLUTION: The agricultural light-shielding sheet 10 is a light-shielding tape having a light-shielding ratio of 20 to 80% and a light-shielding tape having a width of 4 to 6 mm obtained by cutting a metal-deposited film having a metal-deposited layer formed on one surface of a synthetic resin film into a tape shape. 1 are held in parallel in one direction in the vertical and horizontal directions in a flat state, and are held by the knitting means by the fiber yarns 11, 12, and 13 to form a sheet. The sheet 10 is warp-knitted using the synthetic fiber multifilament yarn 11 as a knitting yarn, and the light-shielding tape 1 is interposed between the respective stitch rows of the warp knitting structure in which the warp stitch rows are connected by the traverse yarn. It is inserted as an insertion thread and held in parallel.
[Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural light-shielding sheet suitable for lining curtains stretched inside a greenhouse or a tunnel house used for cultivating greenhouses such as agricultural products.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, institutional cultivation such as house cultivation and tunnel cultivation that allows year-round harvesting of agricultural products has been actively performed. For example, in house cultivation, when heat absorbed into the ground in the house by daytime sunlight is radiated as radiant heat at night, it is reflected by the lining curtain to keep the house warm and produce crops. It is trying to promote. In addition, by adjusting the shade of the curtains and the opening and closing of the curtains, in the summer months, sunlight is blocked during intense solar radiation, ventilation is performed while suppressing the temperature rise inside the house, and appropriate temperature and humidity are maintained. Effective use and reduction of the space in the house are aimed at saving heating costs.

  Conventionally, as this agricultural light-shielding sheet, a silver film in which a metal film such as aluminum is vapor-deposited on the film surface, a silver film in which aluminum foil is laminated, and a black film in which carbon black is mixed on the back surface of the vapor-deposited film are laminated. In many cases, a light-shielding tape obtained by cutting a black surface film or a white nonwoven fabric into a tape shape is used as a warp and a weft to form a sheet.

As a sheet stretched in such a house and controlling the temperature and humidity, a plurality of shielding tapes having a light shielding property and a heat shielding property are disposed at appropriate intervals, and a light transmitting property is provided between the shielding tapes. An agricultural sheet having a light-transmitting portion is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-292646 A

  In the conventional agricultural light-shielding sheet 20 shown in FIG. 5, a light-shielding tape 21 in which aluminum vapor deposition or aluminum foil is laminated on the tape surface and a transparent light-transmitting tape 22 are alternately provided with a gap S between the tapes as warps. The tapes 21 and 22 are knitted into a warp knit by the warp yarns 23 and the weft yarns 24 and 25, and the tapes 21 and 22 are integrally connected in parallel in a flat state to form the sheet 20. The shading rate of the sheet 20 is adjusted.

  However, in such a sheet 20, it is necessary to adjust the cutting width and the number of arrangements of the light-shielding tape 21 and the light-transmitting tape 22 in order to adjust the light-shielding rate, and the two types of tapes 21 and 22 are cut. In addition, it takes time and effort to combine the tapes 21 and 22 at the time of knitting, and for example, it takes time and effort to alternately thread the tapes into a yarn guide in warp knitting, which complicates the manufacturing process and contributes to an increase in sheet cost. I have. In addition, when using a tape laminated with aluminum foil, the weight of the sheet becomes heavy, resulting in lack of handleability and workability such as opening and closing the curtain. When incinerated, the aluminum foil remains as a metal, so disposal after use is not easy. There's a problem.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to control the temperature in the house by using a light-shielding film having a light-shielding ratio adjusted to less than 80% for a curtain. This light-shielding film can appropriately suppress sunlight transmission and secure the temperature and brightness in the house, but on the other hand, the curtain has almost no air permeability, so it cannot easily release moisture inside, so it tends to be over-humidified and it is easy for crops There are drawbacks that adversely affect the working environment and that the hot air stays in the house to deteriorate the working environment. Further, there is also a problem that it is difficult to wind up the curtain in a roll shape or fold it in an accordion shape when opening and closing the curtain, and it becomes bulky and poor in accommodating property, and wrinkles and breakage are liable to occur when opening and closing.

  The problem of the present invention is that it is easy to adjust the shading rate of the agricultural shading sheet, it is easy to adjust the temperature and humidity in the house and to secure the brightness, and it can be used throughout the year, and it is excellent in handling. Another object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural light-shielding sheet which is suitable for use as a lining curtain in a house, which is inexpensive.

  According to the present invention, a metal-deposited film having a metal-deposited layer formed on one side of a synthetic resin film is cut into a tape shape, and a light-shielding tape having a light-shielding rate of 20 to 80% obtained in a flat state is arranged in one direction in all directions. The agricultural light-shielding sheet is characterized in that the sheet is held by a weaving means made of fiber yarn and is formed in a sheet shape.

  According to the agricultural light-shielding sheet of the present invention, by forming the sheet with a light-shielding tape having a light-shielding rate of 20 to 80%, the solar light and heat from the outside of the sheet are partially reflected while appropriately reflected, and from the inside. The light and heat of the interior are reflected inside, and the ventilation between the tapes releases excessive moisture and heat, keeping the temperature and humidity inside the house at an appropriate level, and preventing excessive humidity. . In particular, in the summer season, the temperature rise is prevented by shading and heat shielding effects, and in the winter season, a warming effect is exhibited, and the promotion of crops and the working environment can be improved throughout the year. If the light-shielding ratio of this film is less than 20%, the transmittance of the sheet will be excessive, and if it exceeds 80%, it will be difficult to ensure heat retention and lighting. The light blocking ratio is selected and used within this range depending on the use and time of the structure and volume of the house or curtain used, the type of crop, etc., and the light blocking ratio of the sheet is arbitrarily selected for the light blocking tape. Thus, the sheet can be easily adjusted, and the manufacturing process of the sheet can be greatly simplified as compared with the conventional combination of a plurality of tapes. And since it is lightweight and excellent in flexibility, it can be rolled up and folded at the time of opening and closing a curtain, etc., thereby improving the handling and workability and enabling compact accommodation.

  The light-shielding tape is obtained by cutting a metal-deposited film in which a metal-deposited layer is formed on one side of a synthetic resin film into a tape shape, so that the light-shielding ratio can be easily adjusted in the range of 20 to 80%. The light-shielding tape can be easily manufactured by cutting the film. Further, light and heat are reflected on the metal-deposited surface side by silvering, and light and heat are irregularly reflected on the non-deposited surface side to make the environment inside the house uniform. Further, since the used sheet can be treated by incineration without leaving any metal such as aluminum foil, disposal becomes easy.

  The thickness of the metal deposition layer is set to 0.005 to 0.02 μm in the case of aluminum deposition, so that a desired light-shielding rate is in the range of 20 to 80% due to the formation of a thinner deposition layer than before. A light-shielding tape can be obtained. The metal vapor-deposited layer is preferably an aluminum vapor-deposited layer, and by forming a vapor-deposited layer using a general-purpose metal, a light-shielding tape with excellent durability can be obtained at a lower cost by a conventional vapor deposition processing method. .

  The light-shielding tape used in the agricultural light-shielding sheet of the present invention preferably has a tape width of 4 to 6 mm, and if the width is less than 4 mm, it becomes difficult to cut or knit the tape, and if the width exceeds 6 mm, the sheet becomes larger. The flexibility is reduced, and the handleability is impaired, and it becomes bulky at the time of storage, which is not preferable because of lack of storage.

  The light-shielding sheet for agriculture of the present invention is warp-knitted using the fiber yarn as a knitting yarn, and the light-shielding tape is provided between the respective stitch rows of the warp knitting structure in which the stitch rows in the warp direction are connected by traverse yarns. It is preferable that the thread is inserted as a warp insertion thread and held in parallel.

  Thereby, the agricultural light-shielding sheet can be easily knitted by using the warp knitting machine, the light-shielding tapes are held in parallel in a flat state, and the stitch rows formed by the knitting yarns arranged between the tapes are arranged between the tapes. A gap can be formed in the sheet to improve the air permeability of the sheet.

  Further, the fiber yarn is preferably a multifilament yarn made of a synthetic fiber. The flexibility of the connection portion between the tapes is improved so that the flexibility of the sheet is improved, and the sheet is wound into a roll or accordion. Can be folded to improve handling and storage.

  In the agricultural light-shielding sheet of the present invention, the metal-deposited surface of the light-shielding tape is disposed on one side of the sheet, and is used for a lining curtain of an agricultural house. While reflecting moderately, it partially transmits, and the light reflected from the ground and accumulated heat are diffused internally, and excessive moisture and heat are released to the outside to improve the heat retention, lighting, and humidity inside the house. It can be moderate, improve crop promotion and work environment throughout the summer and winter, and save energy by cooling and heating the house. In this case, the effect can be made more effective by arranging the metal-deposited surface side of the sheet outside the lining curtain for use.

  The agricultural light shielding sheet according to the present invention has the following effects as compared with the conventional agricultural light shielding sheet. That is, (1) the light-shielding rate of the sheet can be easily adjusted by selecting the light-shielding rate of the light-shielding tape, so that the number of sheet members and the arrangement of the tapes can be simplified, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity and brightness in the house can be simplified. Therefore, it is possible to provide an agricultural light-shielding sheet that can be easily maintained and can be used throughout the anniversary. (2) It is lightweight, flexible, and excellent in handling such as winding and folding, and can be stored compactly without becoming bulky when the curtain is stored. (3) Inexpensive production can be achieved by reducing the number of members and simplifying the manufacturing process. (4) Incineration after use is possible. (5) Since it is excellent in the above-mentioned various performances, it is suitable for lining curtains and agricultural sheets for house cultivation and tunnel cultivation. It has various effects as described above, and greatly contributes to the institutional cultivation of agricultural products that are harvested year-round.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a light-shielding tape 1 having a light-shielding ratio of 20 to 80%, showing an embodiment according to the present invention. This tape 1 is obtained by cutting a light-shielding film 5 as shown in the sectional view of FIG. The light-shielding film 5 is formed by providing a metal vapor-deposited layer 3 of aluminum or the like on the surface of a synthetic resin film 2 serving as a base material, and may be a film in which a synthetic resin thin film 4 is further coated on the vapor-deposited layer.

  As the synthetic resin film 2, films made of various synthetic resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), various nylons such as nylon 6, 66 and the like, polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene vinyl acetate polymer can be used. The film 2 is a film having a thickness of about 10 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm, particularly preferably 12 to 25 μm, which is formed by a normal method such as a uniaxial or biaxial stretching method. When the thickness increases, the weight increases, the rigidity increases, and the handleability and the knitting processability of the sheet deteriorate.

  The metal deposition layer 3 is obtained by depositing aluminum, nickel, chromium, titanium, tin, silver, stainless steel, or the like on one surface of the film 2 by a known deposition method. Among them, aluminum is preferable in terms of cost and deposition stability.

  The thickness of the vapor deposition layer 3 is about 0.005 to 0.02 μm, preferably 0.01 to 0.02 μm when the vapor deposition metal is aluminum, and forms a vapor deposition layer thinner than a conventional metal vapor deposition film. Thus, a light-shielding film 5 having a light-shielding ratio in the range of 20 to 80% is obtained. When the thickness of the aluminum vapor-deposited layer 3 exceeds 0.02 μm, the light-shielding ratio of the film exceeds 80%, and when the thickness is less than 0.005 μm, the light-shielding ratio becomes less than 20% and the light transmittance increases, resulting in large light transmittance. Cannot achieve the purpose of Further, when metal deposition is performed on both surfaces of the film, one surface of the film is turned into a silver surface to reflect light or heat, and the other non-deposited surface irregularly reflects light or heat, thereby lowering the temperature adjustment effect. The thickness of the vapor deposition layer 3 can be appropriately changed depending on the type of the vapor deposition metal, and can be adjusted to a desired light blocking ratio before use.

  By adjusting the thickness of the vapor-deposited layer 3, the light-shielding rate of the light-shielding film 5 can be adjusted to be in the range of 20 to 80%. There are many. If the light-shielding ratio of the film 5 is less than 20%, the light-shielding property of the sheet using the film 5 is reduced, and the transmission of light and heat into the house becomes excessive, making it difficult to adjust the temperature. It becomes difficult to secure the temperature and brightness inside the house due to lack of lightness.

  The light-shielding tape 1 is obtained by cutting the light-shielding film 5 into a tape having a predetermined width using a cutting machine such as an ordinary slitter. The width of the tape 1 is about 4 to 6 mm. If the tape width is less than 4 mm, the cutability of the tape and the weaving of the sheet become complicated and difficult, and if it exceeds 6 mm, the flexibility of the sheet is reduced and the handleability is impaired. At the time of winding, there arises such a problem that it becomes bulky and lacks in storability.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an agricultural light-shielding sheet 10 of the embodiment formed in a sheet shape using the light-shielding tape 1.

  The agricultural light-shielding sheet 10 is arranged in parallel so that the light-shielding tape 1 is in a flat state with the metal deposition surface side 1a facing upward, and weaving means using a warp 11 and wefts 12 and 13 made of fiber yarns. Thus, the tapes 1 are connected to each other via a gap S that can be ventilated by the fiber yarn 11 between the tapes, and are formed in a sheet shape.

  As the fiber yarns 11, 12, and 13, multifilament yarns, monofilament yarns, general spun yarns, and the like of synthetic fibers can be used. Multifilament yarns made of synthetic fibers such as PET and nylon are most preferred from the viewpoints of ensuring lightness, lightness, strength and bending resistance, good durability, and excellent dehumidifying effect due to water absorption. Although the thickness of each fiber yarn is not particularly limited, usually a yarn of about 100 to 560 dtex is used, more preferably 150 to 350 dtex, and the material and thickness of the yarn depending on the use of the sheet, the tape width and the weaving method. May be appropriately selected and used.

  The knitting means for forming the agricultural light-shielding sheet 10 uses a light-shielding tape 1 as a warp or a weft, and the tape 1 is arranged in a flat state by the weaving means using the fiber yarn as a warp and / or a weft. In this case, various knitting methods such as warp knitting by a Russell knitting machine, kami weaving, and plain weaving can be adopted.

  Also, in order to adjust the light blocking rate and air permeability of the sheet 10, the sheet is formed by knitting or weaving the gap S to a large extent, or mixing a light transmissive tape cut to an appropriate width between the light blocking tapes 1 to form a sheet. You may.

  The agricultural light-shielding sheet 10 of the present invention is suitably used as a lining curtain in a house. By using the metal-deposited surface side 1a of the sheet 10 toward the outside of the house, light and heat from the outside are moderately applied. By reflecting and transmitting the required amount, and diffusely reflecting the light and heat from the inside to the inside, the appropriate temperature and humidity and brightness in the house are secured, the promotion of crops over the anniversary throughout the summer and winter, prevention of disease, And environmental conditions suitable for work can be created.

  In opening and closing the curtain, since the sheet 10 is flexible and can be easily folded at the connecting portion between the tapes 1, the sheet can be wound up in a roll shape or folded and stored in an accordion shape. In addition, the opening and closing work is improved, and compact storage becomes possible.

  A light-shielding film 5 having a light-shielding rate of 50% as shown in FIG. 2 was produced by forming a 0.015 μm-thick aluminum vapor-deposited layer 3 on one side of a formed PET film 2 having a thickness of 12 μm. This light-shielding film 5 was cut into a width of 5 mm to obtain a light-shielding tape 1 shown in FIG.

  A polyester multifilament having a thickness of 300 decitex such that the aluminum vapor-deposited surface 1a of the light-shielding tape 1 faces upward, and a gap S is provided between the tapes 1 so that the tapes 1 are arranged in parallel in a flat state. A light-shielding sheet 10 shown in FIG. 3 was manufactured by warp knitting with a Russell knitting machine using the yarn 11 as a warp and the yarns 12 and 13 as wefts.

  The light-shielding sheet 10 formed by the warp knitting is made of a light-shielding tape 1 made of aluminum as shown in an enlarged view of a sheet portion shown in FIG. 4 (in FIG. 4, the gap S and the stitch are particularly enlarged to clearly show the stitch). The vapor-deposited surface 1a is aligned with the upper side to form a warp. A multi-filament yarn 11 is formed between the tapes 1 to form a loop-shaped stitch row in the warp direction, and the light-shielding tape 1 is inserted as a warp insertion yarn. 13 is used as a weft thread, and weft-inserted into a stitch row so as to cover the front and back of the light-shielding tape 1 and connected to form a warp knit. As a result, a gap S having air permeability is formed between the tapes 1. Each of the tapes 1 is aligned in a flat state and arranged in a side-by-side manner, and a sheet 10 having an aluminum vapor-deposited surface 1a on one side of the sheet 10 is obtained. The light blocking rate of the agricultural light blocking sheet 10 is 45%.

  The light-shielding rate of this agricultural light-shielding sheet can be easily obtained by changing the vapor-deposited thickness of the light-shielding film 5 serving as a material. This makes it easy to adjust the light blocking ratio of the agricultural light blocking sheet of the present invention.

  The agricultural light-shielding sheet of the present invention is suitable for agricultural light-shielding sheets for agriculture, horticulture, and the like, and can be particularly suitably used as a lining curtain for house cultivation, tunnel cultivation, and greenhouses.

It is a perspective view of the light-shielding tape of embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the light-shielding film of embodiment. It is a schematic plan view of the agricultural light-shielding sheet of embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG. It is a schematic plan view of the agricultural light shielding sheet of the conventional example.

Explanation of reference numerals

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Light-shielding tape 1a ... Metal deposition surface 2 ... Film 3 ... Metal deposition layer 5 ... Light-shielding film 10 ... Agricultural light-shielding sheet 11 ... Warp 12, 13 ... Weft S ... Gap

Claims (5)

  A metal-deposited film in which a metal-deposited layer is formed on one surface of a synthetic resin film is cut into a tape shape. A light shielding sheet for agriculture, characterized in that the sheet is held by knitting means according to (1) and is formed in a sheet shape.   The agricultural light-shielding sheet according to claim 1, wherein the width of the light-shielding tape is 4 to 6 mm.   The light-shielding tape is inserted as a warp insertion thread between the stitch rows of a warp knitting structure in which warp knitting is performed by using the fiber yarns as knitting yarns, and the stitch rows in the warp direction are connected by weft yarns. The agricultural light-shielding sheet according to claim 2, wherein the agricultural light-shielding sheet is held.   The agricultural light-shielding sheet according to claim 3, wherein the fiber yarn is a multifilament yarn made of a synthetic fiber. The agricultural light-shielding sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal-deposited surface of the light-shielding tape is disposed on one side of the sheet, and is used for a lining curtain of an agricultural house.

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