TWI712688B - Growth medium for cultivating ganoderma lucidum, preparation method and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein are a growth medium for cultivatingGanoderma lucidum , preparation method and uses thereof. Specifically, the growth medium has 90-110 parts by weight of aGanoderma lucidum waste, 3-10 parts by weight of a tapioca starch, 1-5 parts by weight of a glucose, and 1 parts by weight of a soy flour; wherein the growth medium is characterized in having a water content of about 60-80% and not having sawdust and/or baboo dust therein. Moreover, the growth medium of present disclosure is for cultivatingGanoderma lucidum used in the sustainable agriculture to reduce the waste, and to increase the content of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum.

Description

Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and its preparation method and application

The present invention relates to a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, its preparation method and application, and in particular to a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium made from waste Ganoderma lucidum residue, and its preparation method and application.

Edible and medicinal fungi are widely used as health foods, among which Ganoderma lucidum is the major one. Ganoderma lucidum contains many active ingredients, so in Southeast Asia, the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum is often used as medicine. These active ingredients include Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, polypeptides and plant sterol compounds. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids are the most important active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, including ganoderic acid, ganoderanol, lucid aldehyde and lanostane compounds, commonly known as ganoderma triterpenes. So far, many documents have successively proved that these active ingredients have the effects of anti-tumor, strengthening immunity and anti-oxidation.

The industrial culture method of Ganoderma or other edible fungi is mainly solid-state culture method, and the most common method is to cultivate Ganoderma in a space bag or a special container containing a culture medium. The contents of the space bag generally include sawdust, rice bran, corn flour, lime (or calcium carbonate), and water. After planting the ganoderma lucidum for about 60 to 120 days, the entire space bag becomes waste after the ganoderma is harvested. As the world pays more and more attention to health and health preservation, the number of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation is increasing, and the number of discarded space bags manufactured has also increased, becoming an environmental issue that cannot be ignored. In addition, after the Ganoderma lucidum is processed and extracted in the factory, a large amount of Ganoderma lucidum residue will be discharged. There are at least 85 kg of Ganoderma lucidum residue per 100 kg of Ganoderma lucidum raw material. The texture of Ganoderma lucidum is tough and not easy to dry. It must be handled by a clearing and transportation company in the form of industrial waste.

In view of this, in order to improve the aforementioned waste problem faced by the Ganoderma lucidum industry, there is an urgent need in this field for a technology that allows discarded space bags or Ganoderma lucidum residue to be recycled and reused to help solve the current waste problem faced by the Ganoderma cultivation industry.

The content of the invention aims to provide a simplified summary of the disclosure so that readers have a basic understanding of the disclosure. This summary of the present invention is not a complete summary of the present disclosure, and its intention is not to point out important/key elements of the embodiments of the present invention or to define the scope of the present invention.

The first aspect of the present invention relates to a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is mainly made of waste Ganoderma lucidum residue, which contains: 90-110 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 3-10 parts by weight of tapioca flour, 1-5 parts by weight of glucose and 1 part by weight of soybean powder , Wherein the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 60-80%, and it does not contain wood chips and/or bamboo powder. In a specific embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium includes 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 parts by weight of tapioca powder, 2 parts by weight of glucose and 1 part by weight of soybean powder. In another specific embodiment, the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 65-75%. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the Ganoderma lucidum residue used in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is undried waste Ganoderma lucidum residue.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, comprising the following steps: Combine 90-110 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 3-10 parts by weight of tapioca powder, 1-5 parts by weight of glucose, and 1 part by weight Parts of soybean powder are mixed to form a mixture, wherein the mixture does not contain wood chips and/or bamboo powder; and the mixture is mixed with water in a container, and the ganoderma culture medium is obtained after high temperature and high pressure sterilization.

In a specific embodiment, the high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization is performed using a conventional sterilization autoclave at a temperature of 121°C for 4 hours.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Ganoderma lucidum residue is derived from a waste Ganoderma lucidum after solvent extraction, and the Ganoderma lucidum residue is not dried. In a specific embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium includes 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 parts by weight of cassava flour, 2 parts by weight of glucose, and 1 part by weight of soybean powder, with a moisture content of 65-75% and no sawdust. And/or bamboo powder.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for recycling Ganoderma lucidum residue, which includes the following steps: (1) Take a Ganoderma lucidum residue to prepare a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium by the method described in any of the above embodiments; (2) Use the Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated with a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium; (3) The Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is harvested in step (2) and extracted with a solvent, and then the Ganoderma lucidum after solvent extraction is used as the Ganoderma lucidum residue of step (1). Therefore, by repeating the steps of the method (1)-(3), the discarded Ganoderma lucidum residue can be continuously recycled.

In addition, in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium proposed by the present invention, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium that has been harvested in step (3) is characterized by containing a solid-state fermentation product and almost no Ganoderma lucidum residue of step (1). According to some optional implementations, the method of the present invention may further include: collecting the solid fermented product in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium that has been harvested in step (4); and (5) drying and grinding the solid fermented product Become a powder.

According to some embodiments, the Ganoderma lucidum residue used in the method can be directly reconstituted into a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium without drying.

After referring to the following embodiments, those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can easily understand the basic spirit and other purposes of the present invention, as well as the technical means and implementation aspects of the present invention.

In order to make the description of the present disclosure more detailed and complete, the following provides an illustrative description for the implementation aspects and specific embodiments of the present invention; but this is not the only way to implement or use the specific embodiments of the present invention. The implementation manners cover the characteristics of a number of specific embodiments and the method steps and sequences used to construct and operate these specific embodiments. However, other specific embodiments can also be used to achieve the same or equal functions and sequence of steps.

Unless otherwise defined in this specification, the scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meanings as understood and used by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention. In addition, without conflict with context, the singular nouns used in this specification cover the plural nouns; and the plural nouns also cover the singular nouns.

The term " Ganoderma lucidum waste" mentioned here refers to the fact that when Ganoderma lucidum is used to prepare food or nutraceuticals, it contains almost no active ingredients (for example, Ganoderma lucidum waste) after solvent extraction. Nucleic acids, peptides and plant sterol compounds, etc.) of Ganoderma lucidum waste. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the Ganoderma lucidum residue covers dried or undried Ganoderma lucidum residue. In a preferred embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum residue is undried Ganoderma lucidum residue.

The "parts by weight" of a certain ingredient mentioned herein refers to the multiple of its dosage relative to the dosage of another ingredient as a basis by weight. According to some embodiments herein, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium uses the amount of soybean powder as the basis weight. Therefore, in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, the weight of the Ganoderma lucidum residue is the value obtained by dividing the total amount of Ganoderma lucidum residue by the total amount of soybean powder. That is, parts by weight. According to a specific example, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium contains 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, which means that the consumption of Ganoderma lucidum residue in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 100 times that of soybean powder.

Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to define the wider range of the present invention are approximate numerical values, the relevant numerical values in the specific embodiments are presented here as accurately as possible. However, any value inherently inevitably contains the standard deviation due to individual test methods. Here, "about" usually means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.5% of a specific value or range. Or, the word "about" means that the actual value falls within the acceptable standard error of the average value, depending on the consideration of a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention. Except for the experimental examples, or unless otherwise clearly stated, all ranges, quantities, values and percentages used herein (for example, used to describe the amount of material, length of time, temperature, operating conditions, quantity ratio and other similar Those) have been modified by "about". Therefore, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, the numerical parameters disclosed in this specification and the accompanying patent scope are approximate values and can be changed according to requirements. At least these numerical parameters should be understood as the indicated effective number of digits and the value obtained by applying the general carry method.

In order to solve the large amount of waste generated in the Ganoderma lucidum cultivation industry, the present invention proposes for the first time a novel Ganoderma lucidum cultivation technique, which uses Ganoderma lucidum residue to make a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, which not only enables the waste to be effectively reused, but also uses this Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma lucidum cultivated again from the residue still retains a relatively high amount of active ingredients (such as triterpenoids), which is a major advantage of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention further proposes a method for sustainable management of Ganoderma lucidum agriculture based on the above-mentioned technology. Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated by recycling Ganoderma lucidum residues, and the newly grown Ganoderma lucidum is left behind after harvest (ie, discarded Ganoderma lucidum culture medium) can be processed into animal food additives, so that the waste space bag, waste residue or discarded Ganoderma lucidum culture medium generated during the entire process of Ganoderma cultivation can be continuously recycled to achieve the purpose of sustainable operation.

The main component of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium proposed in the present invention is the waste residue (ie, Ganoderma lucidum residue) produced by solvent extraction of the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ganoderma tsugae, Ganoderma lucidum or other kinds of Ganoderma lucidum Waste residue produced after extraction. For example, the Ganoderma lucidum residue refers to immersing fresh Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies in a polar solution for at least 2-16 hours at room temperature; then, increasing the temperature of the polar solution containing fresh Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies to no more than about 100°C The temperature is preferably about 50°C, and the extract is stirred for about 1 to 4 hours. The polar solvent (which contains the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum) can be recovered by concentration under reduced pressure, and then the active ingredients can be obtained. The solvent-extracted Ganoderma lucidum fruit body is the Ganoderma lucidum residue, which can be used as the raw material of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention. It should be noted that the Ganoderma lucidum residue collected in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned manufacturing process, and the Ganoderma lucidum residue produced by the Ganoderma lucidum extraction industry in this technical field can be applied to the present invention.

In terms of the composition of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention, the Ganoderma slag accounts for about 90-110 parts by weight relative to the total weight of the soybean powder (one part by weight), and the other components are 3-10 parts by weight of tapioca powder, 1-5 parts by weight of glucose, wherein the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 60-80%, and the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium does not contain wood chips and/or bamboo powder. For example, the weight of the Ganoderma lucidum residue is about 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 or 110 parts by weight; the weight of the manioc flour is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 parts by weight; the weight of the glucose is about 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 parts by weight Copies. The water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 60-80%, for example, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 or 80%. In an embodiment, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention is composed of 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 parts by weight of tapioca powder, 2 parts by weight of glucose and 1 part by weight of soybean powder, and the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 65 -75%. In addition, the Ganoderma lucidum residue in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is directly mixed with other materials without being dried.

Based on the above characteristics, another aspect of the present invention relates to the continuous recycling of waste generated during the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, including discarded space bags, discarded Ganoderma lucidum residue or discarded Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, to achieve the purpose of sustainable production of Ganoderma lucidum.

Please refer to Fig. 1, which is a flowchart of a method of recycling and reusing the waste generated during the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum to sustainably cultivate Ganoderma lucidum according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, collect the Ganoderma lucidum residue (ie, waste Ganoderma lucidum residue) after solvent extraction of the active ingredients. According to the components disclosed in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention, the undried Ganoderma lucidum residue is directly combined with other ingredients, including, but not limited to, Tapioca flour, soybean flour and glucose are mixed to make a Ganoderma lucidum medium (step 110). In some embodiments, the Ganoderma lucidum residue may be dried first to reduce its water content before mixing with other ingredients. Preferably, the water content of the final Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is between 60-80%. Next, the Ganoderma lucidum is inoculated into the culture medium produced in step 110, and then moved to the greenhouse for cultivation until the shiba is grown (step 112), and the ganoderma can be harvested after several weeks of growth as required (step 114). ). The harvested Ganoderma lucidum can be used to extract the active ingredients from it with commonly used solvents (for example, ethanol). As for the solvent-extracted Ganoderma lucidum, because the residual active ingredients are small, the value of use is not high, and it becomes waste (that is, Ganoderma slag) (step 116). Therefore, it can be used again as the starting material in step 110 of the method of the present invention for cultivating new Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, the steps 110, 112, 114, and 116 of the method of the present invention can be continuously circulated, so that the waste residue of Ganoderma can be fully utilized, and there is no more waste.

The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium harvested in step 114 (ie, the discarded Ganoderma lucidum culture medium) is characterized in that it contains almost no Ganoderma lucidum residue of step 110, that is, the original Ganoderma lucidum residue is almost consumed during the process of growing Ganoderma. Therefore, there is almost no residue of ganoderma lucidum. Although the harvested Ganoderma lucidum culture medium can no longer be used for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, a large amount of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial fermentation product (ie, solid-state fermentation product) still remains in it, which still has economic value, so it can be recycled. Therefore, in step 118, the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium fermented product (ie, solid-state fermented product) in the waste Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is taken out, dried at a high temperature (for example, 50°C), and ground into a powder, which is added as animal food物(Step 120). The animal food described here can be feed, canned food or health food for animals. In one embodiment, the powder obtained in step 120 is analyzed to contain a high amount of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (above 5%) and a small amount of ganoderic acid (0.1-0.3%). According to some embodiments, adding the powder to feed for raising chickens can effectively reduce the mortality of chickens by more than 10%. It can be seen that the method proposed by the present invention can continuously recycle waste Ganoderma lucidum residues, effectively solve the problem of waste packages and waste residues, and can simultaneously provide animal food additives as healthy food raw materials, reducing the use of animal antibiotics.

A number of experimental examples are presented below to illustrate certain aspects of the present invention, so that those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can implement the present invention, and these experimental examples should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. It is believed that those skilled in the art can fully utilize and practice the present invention without excessive interpretation after reading the description presented here.

Experimental example 1 Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum culture medium

Mix 100 kilograms of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 kilograms of tapioca powder, 2 kilograms of glucose and 1 kilogram of soybean powder (100:5:2:1 by weight), then add 350 liters of water, and put it into a culture flask after fully stirring ( The water content is about 65-75%), and sterilize it with high temperature and high pressure (121°C, 4 hours) to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, and cool it for later use.

Experimental Example 2 Ganoderma lucidum grown with the culture medium of Example 1 and its characteristics analysis

2.1 Cultivation of pine fir Ganoderma lucidum (the inventor is requested to confirm the experimental procedure)

Ganoderma lucidum or pine fir Ganoderma lucidum was inoculated into the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium shown in Example 1, and moved to the greenhouse. After one month of cultivation, the culture bottle began to produce lucid, and it could be harvested in as little as 2 to 3 weeks. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium can be harvested at least twice. The harvested Ganoderma lucidum is analyzed according to the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1999 46:47-51), and it can be seen that whether it is cultivated Ganoderma lucidum or pine fir Ganoderma lucidum, its fruit bodies are dried The total triterpenoid content is at least 3%.

It can be seen that the Ganoderma lucidum cultivated according to the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention has a high content of triterpenoids. It can be seen that cultivation with the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium of the present invention can not only effectively utilize waste, but also maintain a high content of active ingredients. .

Example 3 Preparation of food additives and their applications

The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium harvested in Example 2 was collected, and the waste Ganoderma lucidum culture medium after culturing the Ganoderma lucidum still contained a large amount of solid-state fermentation products of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium. The solid fermentation product of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is separated, dried and finely ground at a temperature of 50°C to form a fine powder (less than 1 mm). According to HPLC analysis, the fine powder of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium solid fermentation product contains a high amount of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (greater than 5%) and a small amount of ganoderic acid (0.1-0.3%).

In order to test whether the fine powder of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium solid fermentation product has the effect of enhancing immunity, the fine powder is mixed with the feed at a weight ratio of 1000:2 (ie, 1 gram of fine powder is added for every 500 grams of feed) It is used as feed for the chickens to eat. Continue to eat until it grows into an adult chicken (about 5-6 weeks). Compared with the control group (no Ganoderma lucidum mycelium solid fermented powder is added), the present invention can reduce the mortality of chickens by at least 10%.

In summary, the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium prepared by using waste Ganoderma lucidum residue in the present invention can greatly increase the content of triterpenoids in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, compared with the conventional cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum. On the other hand, the use of waste Ganoderma lucidum residue for cultivation can also solve the problem of waste space bag and Ganoderma lucidum residue produced in the long-term cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Furthermore, the method for recycling Ganoderma lucidum residues proposed by the present invention can reduce the use of traditional wood chips and/or bamboo powder based on waste Ganoderma lucidum residues, and reduce the number of waste packages, and can also make full use of the residues in the culture medium. It can be made into animal food additives to achieve 100% full utilization.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the above embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, should Various changes and modifications can be made to it, so the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the accompanying patent application.

110-120: steps

In order to make the above and other objectives, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the description of the accompanying drawings is as follows:

Figure 1 is a flow chart of Ganoderma lucidum recycling agriculture according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to the usual working method, the drawing method in the figure is to present the specific features related to the present invention in the best way.

110-120: steps

Claims (10)

A Ganoderma lucidum culture medium, comprising: 90-110 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 3-10 parts by weight of tapioca powder, 1-5 parts by weight of glucose and 1 part by weight of soybean powder, wherein the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 60- 80%, and the Ganoderma lucidum medium does not contain wood chips and/or bamboo powder. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium comprises 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 parts by weight of tapioca flour, and 2 parts by weight of glucose. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is 65-75%. The Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the Ganoderma lucidum residue is produced by an extraction of Ganoderma lucidum and is not dried. A method for preparing the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: adding 90-110 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 3-10 parts by weight of tapioca flour, 1-5 parts by weight of glucose and 1 part by weight of Soybean powder is mixed to form a mixture, wherein the mixture does not contain wood chips and/or bamboo powder; and the mixture is mixed with water in a container, and the ganoderma culture medium is obtained after high temperature and high pressure sterilization. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the Ganoderma lucidum residue is produced from the Ganoderma lucidum after extraction and is not dried. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium comprises 100 parts by weight of Ganoderma lucidum residue, 5 parts by weight of cassava flour and 2 parts by weight of glucose. A method for recycling Ganoderma lucidum residues, comprising the following steps: (1) Taking the Ganoderma lucidum residues to prepare a Ganoderma lucidum culture medium by the method described in claim 5; (2) Using the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium to cultivate Ganoderma lucidum; (3) Harvesting step (2) Ganoderma lucidum cultivated with the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium is extracted with a solvent, and then the Ganoderma lucidum after solvent extraction is used as the Ganoderma lucidum residue of step (1). The method according to claim 8, wherein the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium after the Ganoderma lucidum is harvested in the step (3) is characterized by containing a solid-state fermentation product and hardly containing the Ganoderma slag of step (1). The method according to claim 9, further comprising: (4) collecting the solid fermented product in the Ganoderma lucidum culture medium that has been harvested in step (3); and (5) drying and grinding the solid fermented product into a powder .

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