TWI711245B - 降壓衍生開關模式電源設備及其控制器 - Google Patents

降壓衍生開關模式電源設備及其控制器 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI711245B
TWI711245B TW108108072A TW108108072A TWI711245B TW I711245 B TWI711245 B TW I711245B TW 108108072 A TW108108072 A TW 108108072A TW 108108072 A TW108108072 A TW 108108072A TW I711245 B TWI711245 B TW I711245B
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main switch
adjustment
switching
disconnection
item
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TW108108072A
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TW202007045A (zh
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克裡斯•Ｍ 楊
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大陸商萬民半導體（澳門）有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16585—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 for individual pulses, ripple or noise and other applications where timing or duration is of importance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045—Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明涉及自穩定固定導通時間控制設備。一些設備和相關方法關聯到具有固定導通時間的降壓衍生開關模式電源，該電源經配置後可大致維持穩定狀態的平均開關週期，後者的時間間隔為負載瞬態開始和電感器電流回到穩定狀態之間。在一示例中，時間間隔可包括負載瞬態開始後的第一和第二預定週期數。例如，開關週期的調變量可以按產生第一週期數中附加能量需求變化的相應計算數額，以及用以維持時間間隔內平均穩定狀態開關週期的後續第二週期數的相反計算數額。在各類實例中，維持具有固定導通時間的平均開關週期可以在不犧牲穩定性且不需要複雜補償網絡的情況下儘量減少瞬態反應時間。

Description

降壓衍生開關模式電源設備及其控制器
本發明涉及開關模式電源的相應元件和方法。
電子設備用各種各樣的方法接收功率。例如，消費類電子設備可以從壁式插座(例如：主電源)或各類便攜式電源(例如：電池、可再生發電源、發電機)處接收功率。電池供電的設備具有操作時間，具體取決於電池容量和平均電流消耗。
電池供電設備的製造商可努力降低其產品的平均電池電流，以實現電池更換或者充電操作之間更長的間隔使用時間。在某些實例中，主電源供電設備的製造商可努力提高其產品的功率效率，以儘量減少熱負荷和/或儘量提高消耗每瓦特功率所得到的效能。
在某些電子設備中，可以藉由各類電壓轉換電路，將輸入電壓供給(例如：電池輸入、整流主電源、中間直流電源)轉換為另一不同的電壓。 作為電壓轉換電路的開關模式電源因其高效受到歡迎，從而得以頻繁應用於各類電子設備。
開關模式電源應用開關設備轉換電壓，這些設備在接通時電阻非常低，在斷開時電阻非常高。開關模式電源可在一段時間內向輸出電感器充電，並在後續期間釋放部分或全部電感器能量。輸出能量可輸送至輸出電容器組，後者藉由濾波生成直流輸出電壓。在降壓衍生開關模式電源中，處於穩定狀態的輸出電壓可近似為輸入電壓乘以工作週期；此處的工作週期為旁路開關的接通持續時間除以其一個開關週期的相應接通持續時間與斷開時間的總和。
本發明的目的在於提供一種自穩定固定導通時間控制設備，一些設備和相關方法關聯到具有固定導通時間的降壓衍生開關模式電源，該電源經配置後可大致維持穩定狀態的平均開關週期，後者的時間間隔為負載瞬態開始和電感器電流回到穩定狀態之間。在一示例中，時間間隔可包括負載瞬態開始後的第一和第二預定週期數。例如，開關週期的調變量可以按產生第一週期數中附加能量需求變化的相應計算數額，以及用以維持時間間隔內平均穩定狀態開關週期的後續第二週期數的相反計算數額。在各類實例中，維持具有固定導通時間的平均開關週期可以在不犧牲穩定性且不需要複雜補償網絡的情況下儘量減少瞬態反應時間。
為了達到上述目的，本發明藉由以下技術方案實現： 一些設備和相關方法關聯到具有固定導通時間的降壓衍生開關模式電源，該電源經配置後可大致維持穩定狀態的平均開關週期，後者的時間間隔為負載瞬態開始和電感器電流回到穩定狀態之間。在一示例中，時間間隔可包括負載瞬態開始後的第一和第二預定週期數。例如，開關週期的調變量可以按產生第一週期數中附加能量需求變化的相應計算數額，以及用以維持時間 間隔內平均穩定狀態開關週期的後續第二週期數的相反計算數額。在各類實例中，維持具有固定導通時間的平均開關週期可以在不犧牲穩定性且不需要複雜補償網絡的情況下儘量減少瞬態反應時間。
一些設備和相關方法關聯到降壓衍生開關模式電源，該電源經配置後可在穩定狀態模式下產生藉由電感器的脈衝電流，後者具有大致恆定的脈衝寬度和固定的平均開關週期。在一示例中，控制器對開關斷開時間的調變量可以按產生負載附加能量需求變化的相應計算數額。某些實施可反應負載需求中的檢定瞬態變化，計算實現預定第一週期數中新負載需求的調變量，例如一個和三個週期之間。在某些實施方式中，控制器可以反向調變第二週期數的開關斷開時間，調變量為維持第一和第二週期數平均開關斷開時間的相應計算數額。各類實施可以提供對負載擾動的快速、穩定反應。
各類實施方式可取得一項或多項優勢。例如，採用固定導通時間恆定平均頻率方式的某些降壓衍生開關模式電源可以改進電源穩定性，尤其是在瞬態負載事件期間。在某些情況下，採用固定導通時間恆定平均頻率方法的降壓衍生開關模式電源可以基本消除多極補償網絡，從而減少設計時間。採用固定導通時間恆定平均頻率方法的各類降壓衍生開關模式電源可生成(例如)大體上滿足嚴格規章要求的輸出電壓。
本發明與習知技術相比具有以下優點：維持具有固定導通時間的平均開關週期可以在不犧牲穩定性且不需要複雜補償網絡的情況下儘量減少瞬態反應時間。
100:瞬態負載抑制實例
105:BPS電路
110:降壓衍生SMPS
120:典型負載需求
125:高負載狀態
130:較低的負載狀態
135:輸出供電電壓
140:負載
145:輸出電壓反應
150:輸出電壓反應
155:電腦
200A:穩定狀態開關波形
200B:開關波形
205A:控制訊號
205B:控制訊號
210A:電感器電流
210B:電感器電流
215:第一週期
220:第二週期
305:開關訊號
310:負載電流
315:電感器電流
320:第一穩定狀態斷開時間
325:第一反應斷開時間
330:第二反應斷開時間
335:電感器電流
340:反應後斷開時間
345:第二穩定狀態斷開時間
350:輸出電壓
410:降壓衍生開關模式電源控制器
500、505、510、515、520、525:步驟
C1:電容器
DVCO:數位電壓控制振盪器
LOGIC:邏輯模組
DFLL:數位頻率鎖定環路
DPWM1~DPWM3:數位脈寬調變電路
EA:誤差放大器
L1~L3:輸出電感器
Q1~Q6:場效應電晶體
Q1,Q3,Q5:主開關
tss:導通時間
VFLL:開關頻率與基準頻率對比之結果
第1圖為本發明的降壓衍生開關模式電源(BPS)典型運行模式中瞬態負載反應的典型直流-直流轉換場景。
第2A圖為本發明的固定導通時間控制開關模式電源的典型模擬穩定狀態開關波形。
第2B圖為本發明的反應瞬態負載需求的固定導通時間控制開關模式電源的典型模擬開關波形。
第3A圖為本發明的測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖以及典型降壓衍生固定導通時間恆定平均頻率開關模式電源(BCOTCAFPS)的相關開關控制訊號反應。
第3B圖為本發明的測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖以及典型BCOTCAFPS的相關輸出電感器電流反應。
第3C圖為本發明的測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖以及典型BCOTCAFPS的相關輸出電壓反應。
第4圖為本發明的典型BCOTCAFPS實施的圖解視圖。
第5圖為本發明的典型BCOTCAFPS方法的流程視圖。
以下結合圖式，藉由詳細說明一個較佳的具體實施例，對本發明做進一步闡述。
為了幫助理解，本文件組織如下。首先，參考第1圖，簡要介紹作為降壓衍生直流-直流轉換器動態負載的代表性計算產品。其次，參考第2A圖至第5圖，解釋了各類典型固定導通時間恆定平均頻率降壓衍生開關模式電源及方法。
第1圖描繪了典型直流-直流轉換場景，對降壓衍生開關模式電源設備(buck-derived switch-mode power supply，BPS)典型運行模式下的瞬態負載反應做出示例。一個瞬態負載抑制實例100包含一個或多個BPS電路105，後者(例如)可以佈置在多相電源系統中。BPS電路105在運行時耦合於降壓衍生SMPS(switch-mode power supply，開關模式電源設備)110。BPS電路105在受到SMPS控制器控制的情況下(圖中沒有顯示出)，可以在數個模式下運行。例如，當負載需求120迅速變化時，如從高負載狀態125變為較低的負載狀態130時，BPS 105的固定導通時間恆定平均頻率運行可有利地大幅減少延遲和/或穩定時間至最小。
輸出供電電壓135由降壓衍生SMPS 110提供功率。輸出供電電壓135為各類負載140提供功率。如典型負載需求120圖表所描繪，在降壓衍生SMPS 110上不實施固定導通時間運行的情況下，輸出電壓反應145可包含反應輸出供電電壓135上瞬態電流負載的相當大擾動。在應用固定導通時間運行的典型實施方式，於降壓衍生SMPS 110上實施BPS電路105時，輸出電壓反應150得到相當好的調整，極大避免了較大的電壓擾動。
在所描繪的實例中，於電腦155中實施降壓衍生SMPS 110。電腦155包含供應一個或多個負載140的一個或多個降壓衍生SMPS 110。在某些實例中，可規定負載140在輸入電壓下運行，同時限制電壓擾動。
第2A圖描繪了固定導通時間控制開關模式電源的典型模擬穩定狀態開關波形。穩定狀態開關波形200A包含控制訊號205A的波形。控制訊號205A可由開關模式控制器(圖中沒有顯示出)生成。例如，控制訊號205A可以驅動降壓衍生SMPS的高端場效應電晶體(高端FET)。穩定狀態開關波形200A包含電感器電流210A的波形。電感器電流210A反應固定導通時間tss而上升，反應斷開時間而下降。在所描繪的實例中，開關頻率為fo。
第2B圖描繪了一個反應瞬態負載需求的固定導通時間控制開關模式電源的典型模擬開關波形。開關波形200B闡明了反應瞬態電流負載需求的固定導通時間控制電路的典型運行。參照第4圖呈現典型的降壓衍生固定導通時間恆定平均頻率開關模式電源。
開關波形200B包含控制訊號205B的波形。穩定狀態開關波形200B包含電感器電流210B的波形。作為對電流負載需求提高的反應，開關模式控制器提高第一週期215中控制訊號205B的頻率。在第二週期220中，開關模式控制器降低控制訊號205B的頻率，降低數額使得兩個週期215、220中的平均開關頻率保持為近似等於穩定狀態平均頻率。第一週期215頻率的提高致使第二週期220中的輸出電感器增添電荷Q。增添的電荷Q可為負載提供附加電流。附加電流可支持固定導通時間控制開關模式電源的輸出電壓。
在負載需求較大提高的某些實例中，開關模式控制器可提高兩個或多個週期中控制訊號205B的頻率。相應地，開關模式控制器降低一個或多個週期中控制訊號205B的頻率，其降低數額可維持受影響週期的平均開關頻率在穩定狀態的開關頻率。
第3A圖描繪了測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖以及典型降壓衍生固定導通時間恆定平均頻率開關模式電源(buck-derived constant on-time constant average frequency switch-mode power supply，BCOTCAFPS)的相關開關控制訊號反應。BCOTCAFPS包含開關訊號305。開關訊號305控制BCOTCAFPS中的高端開關場效應電晶體。開關訊號305提高頻率，反應負載電流310增加一個步階。 在所描繪的實例中，負載電流310從約1安培低電流一個步階提高至約30安培高電流。負載電流310僅起到示範作用，提供負載需求以闡明BCOTCAFPS的典型反應。作為對負載電流310步階提高的反應，BCOTCAFPS提高一個或多個開關週期相應開關訊號305的頻率。
第3B圖描繪了測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖以及典型BCOTCAFPS的相關輸出電感器電流反應。例如，可在相同的時間點同時測量第3B圖和第3A圖。又如，當高端場效應電晶體反應開關訊號305接通時，BCOTCAFPS如圖所示展現出正常降壓衍生功能，而輸出電感器中的電感器電流315會上升。
回到第3A圖中所描繪的實例，與開關訊號305相關的每一導通時間大體上相等。相應地，開關頻率的變化可以是斷開時間的函數。第3A圖描繪穩定狀態的恆定頻率，並與第一穩定狀態斷開時間320相關。如所描繪的，負載電流310中的負載階躍發生在第50微秒。BCOTCAFPS的開關頻率反應負載階躍，如圖所示經由第一反應斷開時間325和第二反應斷開時間330得以提高。為使平均電感器電流從315提高至335，反應斷開時間要比第一穩定狀態斷開時間320短。一旦輸出負載經由反應斷開時間325、330中頻率提高的實施而得到附加電荷的提供，則BCOTCAFPS的開關頻率如圖所示經由反應後斷開時間340降低。反應後斷開時間340提高相應數額，以大體維持反應斷開時間325、330和反應後斷開時間340的恆定平均開關頻率。一旦達到平均頻率，則調節第二穩定狀態斷開時間345至大致等於第一穩定狀態斷開時間320。
在某些實例中，BCOTCAFPS會產生一個或多個反應斷開時間的週期。在另外一些實例中，BCOTCAFPS會產生一個或多個反應後斷開時間的週期。反應斷開時間的週期和反應後斷開時間的週期的數量可取決於(例如)負載電流階躍變化的大小和遷移時間。
在某些實例中，一個負載電流可從高電流階躍至低電流，例如在負載釋放時。又例如，負載釋放中的反應斷開時間會提高，以降低平均輸出電流。反應斷開時間的提高可對應於瞬態事件期間開關頻率的降低。相應地，(例如)反應後開關頻率會提高，以維持平均開關頻率。
第3C圖描繪了測得電流負載需求的圖表視圖和典型BCOTCAFPS的相關輸出電壓反應。現在來看第3C圖，它可以在同一時間點與第3A圖和第3B圖一起測量，描繪以毫伏交流電壓為單位的輸出電壓350的結果。在負載電流310中發生階級提高時，輸出電壓350會立刻降落。如第3A圖和第3B圖中所描述，BCOTCAFPS提高開關頻率並產生相應的電荷增加，以大體維持耐負荷輸出電壓調整。
第4圖描繪了典型BCOTCAFPS實施的圖解視圖。BCOTCAFPS 400包含多個相。在對典型BCOTCAFPS 400各相之一的討論中將提供參照第2A圖至第2B圖說明的對於概念的簡短討論。該概念可應用於其他相。
BCOTCAFPS 400包含具有輸出電感器L1的第一相。輸出電感器L1經由主開關高端場效應電晶體Q1被驅動，且經由低端場效應電晶體Q2(例如：續流整流器、同步整流器)被激發。輸出電感器L1驅動輸出電容器C1。 輸出電容器C1可以是歸併在一起的一個或多個電容器。C1上的電壓為輸出電壓。由負載模組代理負載。
控制主開關導電性狀態的控制器410包含DIGITAL PID(數位比例-積分-微分)、數位電壓控制振盪器DVCO、數位頻率鎖定環路DFLL、邏輯模組LOGIC、數位脈衝寬度調變器DPWM1-3和開關驅動器DRIVER-3。輸出電壓由包含有誤差放大器EA的DIGITAL PID(數位比例-積分-微分)電路監控。誤差放大器EA的輸出提供饋送數位電壓控制振盪器DVCO的誤差電壓，該振盪器會生成開關頻率。然後邏輯模組饋送數位脈衝寬度調變器DPWM1-3。
DVCO的開關頻率輸出饋送數位頻率鎖定環路DFLL。DFLL監控開關頻率。將開關頻率與基準頻率進行對比，並生成作為其結果的VFLL訊號。 將VFLL訊號饋送進DPWM 1-3。反應VFLL，逐脈衝地調節DPWM 1-3，以調整恆定平均頻率。
相應地，BCOTCAFPS400提供恆定平均頻率控制。藉由讀取儲存在一資料儲存器(圖中沒有顯示出)中的一個週期的時間、確定與所需時間(例如：與所需頻率相關)的偏差以及經由添加或扣除斷開時間補償下一時間段來完成恆定平均頻率控制。BCOTCAFPS 400可強制要求對下一週期進行大小相等、方向相反的週期校正。
第5圖描繪了典型BCOTCAFPS方法的流程視圖。BCOTCAFPS方法500從步驟505開始。在步驟505中，BCOTCAFPS控制器在穩定狀態模式下產生藉由電感器的脈衝電流，其脈衝寬度和平均開關週期大體恆定。在下一步驟510中，BCOTCAFPS控制器接收到負載需求訊號。負載需求訊號可由(例如)BCOTCAFPS輸出上的電流監控器生成。舉例來說但不作限制，電流監控器可包含一電流檢測電阻、一霍爾效應傳感器或者一磁流傳感器。再下一步驟515中，BCOTCAFPS控制器確定負載需求的變化。如果沒有瞬態負載需求產生，則執行回到步驟505。如果產生瞬態負載需求，則執行繼續進行至步驟520，BCOTCAFPS控制器於此步驟中基於瞬態負載需求的大小確定反應量。再下一步驟525中，BCOTCAFPS控制器基於確定的反應量調變BCOTCAFPS開關週期。
儘管已參照圖表說明了各類實施方式，仍可執行其他實施方式。
例如，可按照多個典型狀況之一配置固定導通時間控制器。續流整流器的各類實例可包括同步整流器、肖特基二極體、高速整流器、通用整流器和/或各類電晶體(例如：場效應電晶體)內固有的體二極體。
在一典型狀況中，可對電源開關進行配置，在穩定狀態模式下產生藉由電感器的脈衝電流，其脈衝寬度和平均開關週期大體恆定。其中，作為對負載需求檢測瞬態變化的反應，可以按計算數額調變開關週期，以提供第一週期數中附加能量需求的變化。可以按後續第二週期數中的計算數額調變開關週期，以使平均開關週期在動態負載條件下於第一加第二週期數上得以保持。
實施方式的某些狀況可以作為電腦系統，得以全部或部分實施。 例如，各類實施可包括數位和/或模擬電路、電腦硬體、韌體、軟體或其組合。 可以在具體體現於訊息載體中的電腦程序產品中實施設備元件，例如在機器可讀的儲存設備中，由可程式化處理器執行；以及可由可程式化處理器執行的方法，其方式是執行程序指令以藉由運行輸入資料和生成輸出來實施各類實施方式的功能。可以在一個或多個於可程式化系統上可執行的電腦程式中有利地實施某些實施方式，該可程式化系統包含至少一個可程式化處理器，經耦合後可以從資料儲存系統接收資料和指令，並向其發送資料和指令；至少一個輸入設備和/或至少一個輸出設備。電腦程序是可直接或間接用於電腦的一組指令，以執行某一行動或帶來某一結果。可以用任何形式的程式語言編寫電腦程序，包括編譯或解釋的語言；且可以任何形式部署，包括作為獨立程序或者作為模組、部件、子程序或適合用於計算環境中的其他設備。
舉例來說但不作限制，執行程序指令的合適處理器包含通用和專用微處理器，後者可包含任何類型電腦的單個處理器或者多個處理器之一。通常來說，處理器會從唯讀儲存器或隨機存取儲存器或者全部兩種儲存器處接收指令和資料。電腦的基本單元是一個執行指令的處理器和一個或多個儲存指令和資料的儲存器。具體體現電腦程序指令和資料的合適儲存設備包括所有形式的非易失性儲存器；舉例來說，包括半導體儲存器設備，如EPROM、EEPROM和閃速儲存器設備。ASIC(應用特定積體電路)可補充或併入處理器及儲存器。 在某些實施方式中，硬體可程式化設備可以補充或併入處理器及儲存器，如FPGA。
在某些實施例中，每一系統的程式均應用相同或類似的訊息和/或應用儲存在易失性和/或非易失性儲存器中的基本相同的訊息進行初始化。例 如，可對一個資料接口進行配置，在耦合於適當主機設備(如桌面電腦或服務器)時執行自動配置、自動下載和/或自動更新功能。
在各類實施例中，系統可應用合適的通訊方法、設備與技術進行通訊。例如，系統可以應用點對點通訊，藉由兼容設備(例如：能夠將資料傳入/傳出系統的設備)進行通訊；在該通訊中，消息直接從來源處經過專用物理鏈路(例如：光纖鏈路、點對點佈線、菊花鏈)運輸至第一接收器。系統部件可以任何模擬或數位資料通訊形式或媒介交換訊息，包括通訊網絡上基於包的消息。通訊網絡的實例包括(例如)一個局域網、一個廣域網、城域網、無線和/或光纖網絡以及形成互聯網的電腦和網絡。其他實施可藉由向所有或基本上所有由通訊網絡耦合在一起的設備傳播來輸送消息；例如：藉由應用全向射頻(RF)訊號。其他實施還可輸送具有高指向性特點的消息，如應用定向(即窄波束)天線輸送的射頻訊號和可藉由聚焦光學器件選用的紅外訊號。另外還可以執行應用適當接口及協議的其他實施，舉例來說但不作限制：USB 2.0、FireWire、ATA/IDE、RS-232、RS-422、RS-485、802.11 a/b/g/n、Wi-Fi、WiFi-Direct、Li-Fi、BlueTooth、Ethernet、IrDA、FDDI(光纖分布式資料接口)、令牌環網絡或者基於頻率、時間或碼分的多路技術。某些實施可選擇併入特性，如用於資料完整性的誤差檢驗及校正(ECC)，或者諸如加密(例如：有線等效加密)和密碼保護之類的安全措施。
在各類實施方式中，電腦系統可包含非瞬時性儲存器。儲存器可以接入針對編碼資料和電腦可讀指令(包括處理器可執行程序指令)配置的一個或多個處理器。資料和電腦可讀指令可以被一個或多個處理器存取。當一個或多個處理器執行處理器可執行程序指令時，可導致一個或多個處理器執行各個不同操作。
在各類實施方式中，電腦系統可包含物聯網設備。物聯網設備可包含嵌有電子設備、軟體、感測器、執行器的對象以及促成這些對象收集並交換資料的網絡連通性。藉由經由接口發送資料至另一設備，物聯網設備可以與有線或無線設備結合使用。物聯網設備可收集有用資料，然後在其他設備之間實現資料的自主流動。
在某些實施方式中，設備和相關方法可關聯降壓衍生開關模式電源；該電源具有固定導通時間，經配置後大體保持穩定狀態平均開關週期，其時間間隔為負載瞬態開始和電感器電流恢復穩定狀態之間。在一示例中，時間間隔可包括負載瞬態開始之後第一和第二預定週期數。例如，可以按提供第一週期數中附加能量需求變化的相應計算數額以及保持時間間隔上平均穩定狀態開關週期的後續第二週期數中相應相反計算數額，對開關週期進行調變。在各類實例中，保持具有固定導通時間的平均開關週期可將瞬態反應時間降至最小，同時不犧牲穩定性且不需要複雜補償網絡。
在某些實施例中，可以在殼體或外殼內，單獨或者組合處置電感器、主開關、續流整流器。在某些實施中，可以在積體電路中實施電感器。在某些實施方式中，可以在單一物體中，應用一個或多個其他部件封裝離散(例如：繞線)電感器，例如藉由灌封。例如，環氧樹脂、彈性體、塑料或其他合適的舒適材料可以將部件綁定或包入單一包裝對象中。在各類實施中，舉例來說但不作限制，可以藉由浸漬、灌封、噴塗、靜電操作或噴射模塑法來形成殼體或外殼。
在一典型狀況中，降壓衍生開關模式電源設備包含一主開關，運行時可選擇性地將輸入電壓源第一端子接入中間開關節點；一個耦合於中間開關節點的電感器，一個經配置後耦合於負載的輸出端子，以及經耦合後流通從負載返回中間開關節點的電感器電流的續流整流器。該設備還包括運行時耦合 以控制主開關導電性狀態的處理器；以及運行時耦合於處理器且包含程序指令的資料儲存器，當處理器執行該儲存器時，可導致處理器執行操作，以大致保持主開關的平均週期。這類操作包括：(a)在負載瞬態開始時確定主開關控制訊號期間的導通時間和開關週期時間段；(b)確定第一次斷開調節，該調節在施加於主開關時起效，以遞送負載瞬態要求的附加數額能量；(c)在反應時間間隔的第一部分期間，即從負載瞬態開始，至電感器電流恢復穩定狀態結束，按照第一次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；(d)確定第二次斷開調節，該調節於構成剩餘反應時間間隔的第二部分反應時間期間施加於主開關時起效，以保持等於負載瞬態開始時確定時間段的反應時間間隔期間主開關的平均週期；(e)在第二部分反應時間間隔期間，按照第二次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；以及(f)保持反應時間間隔期間主開關的確定導通時間。
在該設備的各類實例中，第二次斷開調節可具有相對於第一次斷開調節相等的幅度和相反的符號。在某些情況下，第二次斷開調節可具有相對於第一次斷開調節不同的幅度和相反的符號。確定第一次斷開調節的操作還可包括：確定提供第一預定開關週期數中附加能量需求變化的偏移量。確定第二次斷開調節的操作還可包括確定保持平均週期在第二預定開關週期數之內的有效偏移量。操作還可同時確定第一和第二預定開關週期數兩者且使其相等。第一或第二預定開關週期數可以是(例如)一這樣小，但也可以是(舉例來說但不作限制)二、三或者其他小於十的數。
在另一典型狀況中，降壓衍生開關模式電源控制器設備可包含控制器。控制器模組可包含一處理器和一儲存設備(例如：資料儲存器)。處理器經調整後可適應在運行時耦合於降壓衍生電源(BDPS)的至少一個相，而每一該至少一個BDPS包含一個主開關、一個電感器和一個續流整流器；其中的處理器在運行時耦合以控制主開關的導電狀態。資料儲存器在運行時可耦合於 處理器且含有程序指令；當處理器執行該程序指令時，會導致處理器執行操作q大體維持主開關的平均週期。這類操作可包括：(a)在負載瞬態開始時主開關控制訊號的一個開關週期時間段確定導通時間和開關週期；(b)確定第一次斷開調節，該調節在施加於主開關時，有效遞送負載瞬態要求的附加數額能量；(c)在反應時間間隔的第一部分期間，即從負載瞬態開始，至電感器電流恢復穩定狀態結束，按照第一次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；(d)確定第二次斷開調節，該第二次斷開調節於構成剩餘反應時間間隔的第二部分反應時間期間施加於主開關時，有效保持反應時間間隔期間主開關的平均週期等於負載瞬態開始時確定的開關週期時間；(e)在第二部分反應時間間隔期間，按照第二次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；以及(f)保持反應時間間隔期間主開關的確定導通時間。
續流整流器可以是(例如)運行時受控於處理器的同步整流器。
儘管本發明的內容已經藉由上述優選實施例作了詳細介紹，但應當認識到上述的描述不應被認為是對本發明的限制。在所屬技術領域具有通常知識者閱讀了上述內容後，對於本發明的多種修改和替代都將是顯而易見的。因此，本發明的保護範圍應由所附的申請專利範圍來限定。
C1:電容器
DFLL:饋送數位頻率鎖定環路
DPWM1~DPWM3:數位脈寬調變電路
EA:誤差放大器
L1~L3:輸出電感器
Q1~Q6:場效應電晶體
VFLL:開關頻率與基準頻率對比之結果

Claims (18)

  1. 一種降壓衍生開關模式電源設備，其包括：主開關，運行時可以選擇性地將輸入電壓源第一個端子接入中間開關節點；電感器，耦合於中間開關節點和配置用於耦合負載的輸出端子；整流器，耦合以使電感器電流流通從負載返回中間開關節點；控制器，運行時耦合以控制主開關的導電狀態；控制器執行操作，以大體維持主開關平均週期，這類操作包括：在負載瞬態開始時主開關控制訊號的開關週期時間段，確定主開關控制訊號的導通時間和開關週期；確定第一次斷開調節，該第一次斷開調節在施加於主開關時，有效遞送負載瞬態要求的附加數額能量；在反應時間間隔的第一部分期間，即從負載瞬態開始，至電感器電流恢復穩定狀態結束，按照第一次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；確定第二次斷開調節，該第二次斷開調節於構成剩餘反應時間間隔的第二部分反應時間期間施加於主開關時，有效保持在反應時間間隔期間主開關的平均週期等於負載瞬態開始時確定的開關週期；在反應時間間隔的第二部分期間，按照第二次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；以及保持反應時間間隔期間主開關的確定導通時間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中的第二次斷開調節具有相對於第一次斷開調節相等的幅度和相反的符號。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中的第二次斷開調節具有相對於第一次斷開調節不同的幅度和相反的符號。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中確定第一次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定提供第一預定開關週期數中附加能量需求變化的偏移量。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中確定第二次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定在第二預定開關週期數以內維持平均週期的有效偏移量。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中確定第一次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定提供第一預定開關週期數中附加能量需求變化的偏移量；確定第二次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定在第二預定開關週期數以內維持平均週期的有效偏移量；且第一和第二預定開關週期數相等。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的設備，其中的第一預定開關週期數為一。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中的整流器包含運行時受控於處理器的同步整流器。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的設備，其中的第一預定開關週期數小於十。
  10. 一種降壓衍生開關模式電源控制器，其包括：誤差放大器監控該降壓衍生開關模式電源的輸出誤差電壓； 數位電壓控制振盪器，根据該誤差電壓生成開關頻率；數位頻率鎖定環路，將開關頻率與基準頻率進行對比，生成開關頻率與基準頻率對比之結果的訊號；數位脈寬調變電路，接收邏輯模組饋送的開關頻率，并反應開關頻率與基準頻率對比之結果的訊號，逐脈衝地調節數位脈寬調變訊號，以調整恆定平均頻率。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的控制器，在運行時耦合於降壓衍生電源設備的至少一個相，而每一該至少一個相的降壓衍生電源設備包含主開關、電感器和整流器；其中的控制器在運行時耦合以控制主開關的導電狀態；控制器執行操作，以大體維持主開關平均週期，這類操作包括：在負載瞬態開始時主開關控制訊號的開關週期時間段，確定主開關控制訊號的導通時間和開關週期；確定第一次斷開調節，該第一次斷開調節在施加於主開關時，有效遞送負載瞬態要求的附加數額能量；在反應時間間隔的第一部分期間，即從負載瞬態開始，至電感器電流恢復穩定狀態結束，按照第一次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；確定第二次斷開調節，該第二次斷開調節於構成剩餘反應時間間隔的第二部分反應時間期間施加於主開關時，有效保持在反應時間間隔期間主開關的平均週期等於負載瞬態開始時確定的開關週期； 在反應時間間隔的第二部分期間，按照第二次斷開調節，調節主開關斷開時間；以及保持反應時間間隔期間主開關的確定導通時間。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的控制器，其中的第二次斷開調節具有相對於第一次斷開調節相等的幅度和相反的符號。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的控制器，其中的第二次斷開調節具有相對於第一次斷開調節不同的幅度和相反的符號。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的控制器，其中確定第一次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定提供第一預定開關週期數中附加能量需求變化的相應偏移量。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的控制器，其中確定第二次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定在第二預定開關週期數以內維持平均週期的有效偏移量。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的控制器，其中確定第一次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定提供第一預定開關週期數中附加能量需求變化的偏移量；用以確定第二次斷開調節的操作進一步包含確定在第二預定開關週期數以內維持平均週期的有效偏移量；且第一和第二預定開關週期數相等。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的控制器，其中的第一預定開關週期數為一。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的控制器，其中的第一預定開關週期數小於十。
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