TWI676340B - 多相降壓衍生電源系統 - Google Patents

多相降壓衍生電源系統 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI676340B
TWI676340B TW107140686A TW107140686A TWI676340B TW I676340 B TWI676340 B TW I676340B TW 107140686 A TW107140686 A TW 107140686A TW 107140686 A TW107140686 A TW 107140686A TW I676340 B TWI676340 B TW I676340B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
ripple
phase
voltage
regulator
power supply
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TW107140686A
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English (en)
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TW202008697A (zh
Inventor
克裏斯Ｍ 楊
Chris M. Young
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大陸商萬民半導體（澳門）有限公司
Alpha & Omega Semiconductor (Macau), Limited
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Publication of TW202008697A publication Critical patent/TW202008697A/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16585—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 for individual pulses, ripple or noise and other applications where timing or duration is of importance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045—Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

方法和裝置關聯到在多相電源中極小化波紋，極小化的方法是調製電壓預調整器輸出設定點以極小化波紋性能。在一圖示中，調製可包括調節提供的預調整器輸出設定點以適應例如多相控制器。在某些示例中，作為對確定先前增量調節產生增大波紋的響應，可反轉遞增方向。多相電源的每個相可包括接入例如公共輸出節點的降壓衍生開關模式電源。各類實施方式可通過動態尋求具有大體上最小波紋的多相電源工作週期，在最大程度上便利地降低針對有源負載的散裝電容要求。

Description

多相降壓衍生電源系統
相關申請案的交互參照
本申請案主張於2018年3月14日由Chris M.Young提交的第62/642,717號美國臨時專利申請的權益，其標題是“降壓衍生開關電源技術”。
本申請於此透過引用，併入了前述申請的全部內容。
本發明涉及開關模式電源的相應元件和方法技術領域，具體涉及開關模式波紋優化。
電子設備用各種各樣的方法接收功率。例如，消費類電子設備可以從壁式插座(例如：主電源)或各類便攜式電源(例如：電池、可再生髮電源、發電機)處接收功率。電池供電的設備的操作時間具體取決於電池容量和平均電流消耗。電池供電設備的製造商可努力降低其產品的平均電池電流，以實現電池更換或者充電操作之間更長的間隔使用時間。在某些示例中，主電源供電設備的製造商可努力提高其產品的功效，以儘量減少熱負荷和/或儘量提高消耗每瓦特功率所得到的效能。
在某些電子設備中，可以藉由各類電壓轉換電路，將輸入電壓供給(例如：電池輸入、整流主電源、中間直流電源)轉換為另一不同的電壓。 作為電壓轉換電路的開關模式電源因其高效受到歡迎，從而頻繁應用於各類電子設備。
開關模式電源應用開關設備轉換電壓，這些設備在接通時電阻非常低，在關閉時電阻非常高。開關模式電源可在一段時間內給輸出電感器充電，並在後續期間釋放部分或全部電感器能量。輸出能量可輸送至輸出電容器組，後者藉由濾波生成直流輸出電壓。在降壓衍生的開關模式電源中，處於穩定狀態的輸出電壓可近似為輸入電壓乘以工作週期；此處的工作週期為旁路開關的接通持續時間除以其一個開關週期的相應接通持續時間與關斷時間的總和。
本發明提供一種多相降壓衍生電源系統，優化開關模式波紋。
為實現上述目的，本發明涉及一種多相降壓衍生電源系統，其特點是，該系統包括： 一個波紋測量電路，配置耦合於具有適應於運行多個交錯開關模式電源相的多相控制器的多相降壓衍生電源的一個公共節點，其中的每個相調節提供功率給公共節點，且波紋測量電路配置用於監控公共節點的波紋特點； 一個處理器，運行耦合於波紋測量電路，以接收一個表明受監控波紋特點的訊號； 一個數據儲存器，運行耦合於處理器且包括程式指令；當處理器執行該程式指令時，會導致處理器執行操作，動態搜尋一個波紋優化預調整器設定點電壓，該電壓在作為輸入提供給多個交錯開關模式電源相時，極小化受監控波紋特點。
上述操作包括：步驟(i)：確定受監控波紋特點的初始值和一個方向；步驟(ii)：按該一方向遞增數量調節預調整器的設定點電壓；步驟(iii)：在完成步驟(ii)中調節後，確定受監控波紋特點的調節值；以及步驟(iv)：如果調節值改進了波紋特點，則重複步驟(ii)。
上述操作進一步包括：步驟(v)：如果調節值惡化波紋特點，則反轉步驟(i)確定的方向並重複步驟(ii)。
上述受監控波紋特點包括公共節點上的波紋電壓。
上述受監控波紋特點包括經由公共節點提供給負載的波紋電流。
上述多相控制器進一步運行耦合於波紋測量電路。
上述多相控制器運行耦合將預調整器設定點電壓指令提供給電壓預調整器。
上述系統進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的通訊總線。
上述系統進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的至少一條模擬訊號線。
多個交錯開關模式電源相包括兩個或多個相。
上述系統進一步包括每個相中的至少一個開關電晶體，其中的多相控制器配置控制每個相中的所述的至少一個開關電晶體，從而在對應於所述的兩個或多個相的相數目的最小輸出波紋電壓的工作週期中運行。
本發明開關模式波紋優化技術和現有技術相比，本發明的方法和裝置關聯到在多相電源中使波紋最小化，後者的方法是藉由調製電壓預調整器輸出設定點以使波紋性能最小化。在一圖示中，調製可包括(例如)遞增調節提供的預調整器輸出設定點以適應多相控制器。在某些示例中，作為對確定之前遞增調節導致波紋增加的響應，遞增方向可能會反轉。多相電源的每個相可包括(例如)接入公共輸出節點的降壓衍生開關模式電源。藉由動態尋求具有實質上極小波紋的多相電源的工作週期，各類實施方式可以有利地盡可能降低針對有電源負載的散裝電容要求。
在某些示例中，減小波紋的自調節電壓預調整器可極大降低各類降壓衍生開關模式電源上要求的輸出電容量。降低輸出電容可獲得一項或多項優勢。例如，電容減小可降低成本、所需電路板空間、重量、組裝成本、組裝時間、產品可靠性和產品使用壽命。減小波紋可降低傳導和/或輻射發射，從而減小電磁干擾(EMI)濾波的所需數量，並可導致研製時間、產品重量、尺寸和成本的降低。
在某些示例中，各類開關模式電源的效率會得到提高。各類實施方式可減小各類開關模式電源上所需的輸出電容數量。減少輸出電容可獲得針對波紋減小自調節預調整器概述的優勢。再各類示例中，各類開關模式電源的輸出供電電壓上瞬態電壓抑制的大小、重量和成本會減小。
在圖式和下文說明中陳述了各類實施方式的詳情。其他特性和優勢將在說明、圖式和申請專利範圍中披露。
100‧‧‧瞬態負載抑制示例
105‧‧‧BPS電路
110‧‧‧降壓衍生SMPS
120‧‧‧負載需求
125‧‧‧高負載狀態
130‧‧‧低負載狀態
135‧‧‧輸出供電電壓
140‧‧‧負載
145‧‧‧輸出電壓響應
150‧‧‧輸出電壓響應
155‧‧‧電腦
200‧‧‧歸一化波紋電流圖表
300‧‧‧典型四相降壓衍生電源
305‧‧‧調整反饋環路
310‧‧‧輸入供電電壓調整器
315‧‧‧多相控制器
320‧‧‧控制電壓訊號
325‧‧‧控制訊號發生器
330‧‧‧波紋測量訊號
335‧‧‧波紋測量電路
400‧‧‧輸入電壓調整控制方法
405、410、415、420、425‧‧‧步驟
Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4‧‧‧開關場效應電晶體
VIN‧‧‧輸入電壓
VOUT‧‧‧輸出電壓
第1圖描繪了闡明降壓衍生開關模式電源(BPS)典型運行模式中瞬態負載響應的典型直流-直流轉換場景；第2圖描繪了各類多相降壓衍生開關模式電源(MBPS)的歸一化波紋電流的典型模擬圖表視圖；第3圖描繪了典型輸入供電電壓調整器，調整點由測得波紋決定；第4圖描繪了典型輸入電壓調整控制方法的流程視圖；第5A圖、第5B圖、第5C圖、第5D圖、第5E圖、第5F圖、和第5G圖描繪了在各類不同輸入電壓下實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的測得波紋電壓和波紋電流；第6A圖、第6B圖、第6C圖、第6D圖、第6E圖和第6F圖描繪了在各類不同輸入電壓下實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的測得波紋電壓和波紋電流。
為了幫助理解，本文件組織如下。首先，參考第1圖，簡要介紹作為降壓衍生直流-直流轉換器動態負載的代表性計算產品。其次，在第2圖至第6F圖中，討論轉向圖示預調整器和降低降壓衍生開關模式電源上波紋電流和/或波紋電壓的方法的各類典型實施方式。
第1圖描繪了闡明降壓衍生開關模式電源(BPS)典型運行模式中瞬態負載響應的典型直流-直流轉換場景。瞬態負載抑制示例100包括一個或多個BPS電路105，BPS電路105可以(例如)佈置在多相電源系統中。BPS電路105可在運行時耦合於降壓衍生SMPS110。BPS電路105可在SMPS控制器(圖中沒有 顯示出)控制下，以多個模式運行。例如，當負載需求120快速變化時，如從高負載狀態125變化至低負載狀態130，BPS電路105的恒定接通時間恒定平均頻率運行可有利地在實質上儘量減小延遲和/或設置時間。
降壓衍生SMPS110供應輸出供電電壓135。輸出供電電壓135供應各類負載140。負載140可在輸出供電電壓135上產生瞬態電流負載。如典型負載需求120圖表中所描繪，在降壓衍生SMPS110上未實施恒定接通時間運行的情況下，輸出電壓響應145可響應輸出供電電壓135上的瞬態電流負載，包括相當大的擾動。在應用恒定接通時間運行典型實施方式，於降壓衍生SMPS110上實施BPS電路105時，輸出電壓響應150得到相當好的調整，極大避免了較大的電壓擾動。
在描繪示例中，降壓衍生SMPS110在電腦155中得到實施。電腦155包括供應一個或多個負載140的一個或多個降壓衍生SMPS110。在某些示例中，可對負載140加以指定，使其在受到有限電壓擾動的情況下，以輸入電壓運行。
第2圖描繪了各類多相降壓衍生開關模式電源(MBPS)的歸一化波紋電流的典型模擬圖表視圖。各類MBPS的歸一化波紋電流圖表200圖示：在與MBPS相的具體數目相關聯的特定工作週期中，輸出波紋電流被極小化。例如，在2相BPS中，輸出電流波紋可在50%工作週期中被極小化。在某些示例中，4相BPS中的輸出電流波紋可在25%、50%和75%工作週期中被極小化。由於在降壓衍生電源中，工作週期可以由Vout/Vin近似，調節輸入電壓可直接影響到它，並相應地對波紋電流予以極小化。
與MBPS中相數目相關聯的最小輸出電壓波紋可作為輸出波紋互消圖的函數加以確定，例如參考第2圖說明的歸一化波紋電流圖表200。
第3圖描繪了典型的輸入供電電壓調整器，調整點由測得波紋確定。典型四相降壓衍生電源300包括調整反饋環路305。調整反饋環路305包括可調節輸入供電電壓調整器310。可調節輸入供電電壓調整器310得到配置，以生成輸入電壓VIN，並提供從VIN通向多相控制器315和開關場效應電晶體Q1-Q4的功率。
可調節經配置的輸入供電電壓調整器310，響應收到的控制電壓訊號320，調節輸入電壓VIN。配置調整控制訊號發生器325，以生成作為波紋測量訊號330之函數的控制電壓訊號320。配置波紋測量電路335，基於輸出電壓VOUT的波紋電壓測量，生成波紋測量訊號330。在某些實施方式中，可以對波紋測量電路335進行配置，以測量輸出電壓VOUT提供的波紋電流。相應地，藉由調製作為當前測得波紋電壓和/或輸出電壓VOUT之電流的函數的輸入電壓VIN，可以極小化波紋電壓和/或波紋電流。
儘管第3圖中描繪的實施方式為四相降壓衍生電源，也可以應用其他實施方式。例如，按第2圖中的描繪，降壓衍生電源可包括2、3、4、5、6、7的相計數，或者達到至少36個相，甚至更多。在各類示例中，多相控制器315可以控制每個相的開關場效應電晶體，運行工作週期以產生對應於符合第2圖相數目的最小輸出波紋。
第4圖描繪了典型輸入電壓調整控制方法的流程圖。輸入電壓調整控制方法400從步驟405開始。在步驟405中，對遞增數量加以初始化。接著，在步驟410中，按遞增數量調節預調整器的輸出電壓。參照第3圖，預調整器可 以是(例如)可調節輸入供電電壓調整器310。接著，在步驟415中，測量輸出電壓上的波紋幅度。波紋幅度可以是(例如)波紋電壓和/或波紋電流。
再接著，在步驟420中，輸入電壓調整控制方法400確定得自之前波紋測量的波紋變化。如果之前尚未執行波紋測量，則可以對之前波紋予以預定義，(例如)初始化為零。如果波紋較之前波紋測量有所減少，則執行跳回步驟410。如果波紋較之前波紋測量有所增加，則繼續執行至步驟425。在步驟425中，遞增方向被反轉。接下來，執行跳回步驟410。
參照第3圖，輸入電壓調整控制方法400可包括(例如)可調節輸入供電電壓調整器310、調整控制訊號發生器325和波紋測量電路335。
第5A圖、第5B圖、第5C圖、第5D圖、第5E圖、第5F圖、和第5G圖描繪了在各類不同輸入電壓下實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的測得波紋電壓和波紋電流。第5A圖描繪了在3.20V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第5B圖描繪了在3.20V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。第5C圖描繪了在3.69V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第5D圖描繪了在3.69V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。第5E圖描繪了在4.00V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第5F圖描繪了在4.00V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。第5G圖描繪了在一系列輸入電壓下實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的峰至峰輸出電壓波紋的傳遞函數。輸入電壓調整電路會擺振，直至找到(例如)提供最低輸出電壓波紋的輸入電壓。在描繪的示例中，最低輸出波紋在3.69V輸入電壓下獲得。在描繪的示例中，MBPS為雙相，且多相控制器控制每個相 的開關場效應電晶體，使其在約50%工作週期中運行，以便產生具有最小輸出波紋的1.8V輸出。
第6A圖、第6B圖、第6C圖、第6D圖、第6E圖和第6F圖描繪了在各類不同輸入電壓下實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的測得波紋電壓和波紋電流。第6A圖描繪了在12.0V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第6B圖描繪了在12.6V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第6C圖描繪了在13.5V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電壓波紋。第6D圖描繪了在12.0V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。第6E圖描繪了在12.6V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。6F圖描繪了在13.5V輸入電壓下，實施典型輸入電壓調整控制的MBPS的輸出電流波紋。
如第6A圖至第6F圖中所呈現，當輸入供電電壓按照(例如)對應於MBPS實施複數個相的第2圖典型曲線，被調節至提供輸出波紋互消的電壓時，各類輸入電壓調整控制實施可以極大降低波紋電壓和/或波紋電流。第2圖中所示的相數目僅為典型性質。出於實用性和清晰性考慮，沒有描繪具有更多相數目的電源；但是，所述概念仍可適用，不限制電源相的數目。
儘管已參照圖表說明了各種不同的實施方式，仍可實行其他實施方式。例如，各類續流整流器可包括同步整流器、肖特基二極管、高速整流器以及各類電晶體(例如：場效應電晶體)內固有的通用整流器和/或本體二極管。
在各類實施中，可按照一個或多個典型狀況，對輸出波紋減小予以配置。在一個典型狀況中，電壓預調整器經配置後可提供具有兩個或多個相 的開關模式電源(MP-SMPS)，從而初始化遞增量至預定數額，並測量MP-SMPS的輸出波紋；且反復執行：a)按遞增量調節電壓預調整器的輸出電壓，b)測量對調節的輸出波紋響應，c)變更響應來自之前MP-SMPS輸出波紋測量的未改善輸出波紋的遞增量正負號(不然保持遞增量不變)，以使MP-SMPS的輸出波紋最小化。
某些實施方式狀況可作為電腦系統予以全部或部分實施。例如，各類實施可包括數字和/或模擬電路系統、電腦硬體、韌體、軟體或其組合。可以在具體體現於訊息載體中的電腦程式產品中加入設備元件，例如在設備可讀的儲存設備中藉由可編程處理器執行；以及可由可編程處理器實施的方法，執行程式指令以藉由運行輸入數據和生成輸出來履行各類實施方式的功能。可以在可編程系統上可執行的一個或多個電腦程式中有利實施某些實施方式；該可編程系統包括至少一個經耦合後可以從數據儲存系統接收數據和指令並將數據和指令傳送給該系統的可編程處理器，至少一個輸入設備和/或至少一個輸出設備。電腦程式是可直接或間接用於電腦的一組指令，以執行某一行動或帶來某一結果。可以用任何形式的編程語言編寫電腦程式，包括編譯或解釋的語言；且可以任何形式部署，包括作為獨立程式或者作為模組、部件、子程式或適合用於計算環境中的其他裝置。
舉例來說但不作限制，執行程式指令的合適處理器包括通用和專用微處理器，後者可包括任何類型電腦的單個處理器或者多個處理器之一。通常來說，處理器會從只讀儲存器或隨機存取儲存器或者全部兩種儲存器處接收指令和數據。電腦的基本單元是一個執行指令的處理器和一個或多個儲存指令 和數據的儲存器。具體體現電腦程式指令和數據的合適儲存設備包括所有形式的非易失性儲存器；舉例來說，包括半導體儲存器設備，如EPROM、EEPROM和閃速儲存器設備。ASIC(應用特定積體電路)可補充或併入處理器及儲存器。 在某些實施方式中，硬體可編程設備可以補充或併入處理器及儲存器，如FPGA。
在某些實施中，每一系統的編程均應用相同或類似的訊息和/或應用儲存在易失性和/或非易失性儲存器中的基本相同的訊息進行初始化。例如，可對一個數據接口進行配置，在耦合於適當主機設備(如桌面電腦或服務器)時執行自動配置、自動下載和/或自動更新功能。
在各類實施中，系統可應用合適的通訊方法、設備與技術進行通訊。例如，系統可以應用點對點通訊，藉由兼容設備(例如：能夠將數據傳入/傳出系統的設備)進行通訊；在該通訊中，消息直接從來源處經過專用物理鏈路(例如：光纖鏈路、點對點佈線、菊花鏈)運輸至第一接收器。系統部件可以任何模擬或數字數據通訊形式或媒介交換訊息，包括通訊網絡上基於包的消息。通訊網絡的示例包括(例如)一個局域網、一個廣域網、城域網、無線和/或光纖網路以及形成互聯網的電腦和網絡。其他實施可藉由向所有或基本上所有由通訊網路耦合在一起的設備傳播來輸送消息；例如：藉由應用全向射頻(RF)訊號。其他實施還可輸送具有高指向性特點的消息，如應用定向(即窄波束)天線輸送的射頻訊號和可藉由聚焦光學器件選用的紅外訊號。另外還可以執行應用適當接口及協議的其他實施，舉例來說但不作限制：USB 2.0、FireWire、ATA/IDE、RS-232、RS-422、RS-485、802.11 a/b/g/n、Wi-Fi、WiFi-Direct、Li-Fi、BlueTooth、Ethernet、IrDA、FDDI(光纖分佈式數據接口)、令牌環網路或者基於頻率、時間或碼分的多路技術。某些實施可選擇併入特性，如用於數據完 整性的誤差檢驗及校正(ECC)，或者諸如加密(例如：有線等效加密)和密碼保護之類的安全措施。
在各類實施方式中，電腦系統可包括非瞬時性儲存器。儲存器可以接入針對編碼數據和電腦可讀指令(包括處理器可執行程式指令)配置的一個或多個處理器。數據和電腦可讀指令可以被一個或多個處理器存取。當一個或多個處理器執行處理器可執行程式指令時，可導致一個或多個處理器執行各個不同操作。
在各類實施方式中，電腦系統可包括物聯網(IoT)設備。IoT設備可包括嵌有電子設備、軟體、感測器、執行器的對象以及促成這些對象收集並交換數據的網路連通性。藉由經由接口發送數據至另一設備，IoT設備可以與有線或無線設備結合使用。IoT設備可收集有用數據，然後在其他設備之間實現數據的自主流動。
在某些實施中，可以在殼體或外殼內，單獨或者組合處置電感器、主開關、續流整流器、旁路開關。在某些實施中，可以在積體電路中實施電感器。在某些實施方式中，可以在單一物體中，應用一個或多個其他部件封裝離散(例如：繞線)電感器，例如藉由灌封。例如，環氧樹脂、彈性體、塑料或其他合適的舒適材料可以將部件綁定或包入單一包裝對象中。在各類實施中，舉例來說但不作限制，可以藉由浸漬、灌封、噴塗、靜電操作或噴射模塑法來形成殼體或外殼。
在各類實施中，當輸出電容器從輸出端子接入輸入電壓源的第二個端子時，輸出端子可適應於支持輸出電壓。該裝置可進一步包括作為單一物體形成的積體電路封裝。
可以在積體電路封裝內處置主開關和續流整流器。續流整流器可包括同步整流器，且第二個柵極驅動電路在運行時耦合，以控制同步整流器的導電性狀態。
在一典型狀況中，多相降壓衍生電源系統可包括波紋測量電路，後者經配置後耦合於多相降壓衍生電源的公共節點；該電源具有適應於運行多個交錯開關模式電源相的多相控制器，其中的每個相都適應於向公共節點提供功率。波紋測量電路經配置後可監控公共節點的波紋特點。處理器在運行時耦合於波紋測量電路，以接收表明受監控波紋特點的訊號。數據儲存器在運行時耦合於處理器，並含有程式指令；當處理器執行該程式指令時，可導致處理器執行操作，動態搜尋波紋優化預調整器設定點電壓，該電壓在作為多個交錯開關模式電源相的輸入提供時，適應於極小化受監控波紋特點。這類操作可包括：步驟(i)：確定受監控波紋特點的初始值和一個方向；步驟(ii)：按某一方向上的遞增數量調節預調整器設定點電壓；步驟(iii)：在完成步驟(ii)中調節後，確定受監控波紋特點的調節值；以及步驟(iv)：如果調節值改進了波紋特點，則重複步驟(ii)。
在各類實施方式中，操作可進一步包括：如果調節值使得波紋特點惡化，則反轉方向並重複步驟(ii)。
受監控波紋特點包括公共節點上的波紋電壓。受監控波紋特點包括經由公共節點提供給負載的波紋電流。
系統可進一步包括運行時耦合於波紋測量電路的多相控制器。該系統可進一步包括運行時耦合以提供預調整器設定點電壓給多相控制器的電壓預調整器。
在各類實施方式中，多相控制器在運行時耦合以提供預調整器設定點電壓指令給電壓預調整器。
系統可進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的通訊總線。
系統可進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的至少一條模擬訊號線。
在各類實施方式中，多個交錯開關模式電源相可包括兩個或多個相。
系統可進一步包括每個相中的至少一個開關電晶體，其中的多相控制器經配置後可以控制每個相中的至少一個開關電晶體，從而在大體上對應於關聯兩個或多個相中相數目的最小輸出波紋電壓的工作週期中運行。
多個交錯開關模式電源相可包括兩個或多個相，例如：二至八相、六相和超過八相。
在某些實施方式中，多相控制器可在運行時耦合於波紋測量電路。多相控制器可在運行時耦合，將預調整器設定點電壓指令提供給電壓預調整器。各類實施還可包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的通訊總線。適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的模擬訊號線可以(例如)是雙導線訊號線。舉例來說但不作限制，通訊總線或模擬訊號線可以(例如)在印刷電路板(PCB)或背板上的導電軌中至少部分形成。
交錯開關模式電源相可包括兩個或多個相，例如15、18、24、27或36個。某些實施方式可包括每個相中的至少一個開關電晶體(例如：BJT、 FET、IGBT等)，其中的多相控制器經配置後可以控制每個相中的至少一個開關電晶體，從而在大體上對應於關聯兩個或多個相中相數目的最小輸出波紋電壓的工作週期中運行。按參照第2圖的說明，關聯相數目的最小輸出電壓可以作為輸出波紋互消圖的函數加以確定。
在另一典型狀況中，多相降壓衍生電源系統的運行方法包括監控波紋特點的公共節點。波紋測量電路經配置後耦合於具有適應於運行多個交錯開關模式電源相的多相降壓衍生電源的公共節點，藉由該電路可以完成監控。 每個相都適應於提供功率給公共節點。該方法進一步包括藉由運行時耦合於波紋測量電路的處理器接收表明受監控波紋特點的訊號。該方法還包括提供運行時耦合於處理器且含有程式指令的數據儲存器；當處理器執行該程式指令時，會導致處理器執行操作，動態地搜尋波紋優化預調整器設定點電壓，該電壓在作為輸入提供給多個交錯開關模式電源相時，適應於極小化受監控波紋特點。 這些操作包括：步驟(i)：確定受監控波紋特點的初始值和一個方向；步驟(ii)：按某一方向上的遞增數量調節預調整器設定點電壓；步驟(iii)：在完成步驟(ii)中調節後，確定受監控波紋特點的調節值；以及步驟(iv)：如果調節值改進了波紋特點，則重複步驟(ii)。
已說明了複數個實施。然而可以做出各類不同修改。例如，如果揭露技術的步驟按不同順序執行，或者揭露系統的部件以不同方式組合，或者部件得到其他部件的補充，則可獲得有利的結果。相應地，在以下要求的範圍內考慮到了其他實施。
儘管本發明的內容已經藉由上述較佳實施例作了詳細介紹，但應當認識到上述的描述不應被認為是對本發明的限制。在本領域具有通常知識者 閱讀了上述內容後，對於本發明的多種修改和替代都將是顯而易見的。因此，本發明的保護範圍應由所附的申請專利範圍來限定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一種多相降壓衍生電源系統，其包括：一波紋測量電路，配置耦合於具有適應於運行複數個交錯開關模式電源相的多相控制器的多相降壓衍生電源的一公共節點，其中的每個相調節提供功率給公共節點，且波紋測量電路配置用於監控公共節點的波紋特點；一處理器，運行耦合於波紋測量電路，以接收一表明受監控波紋特點的訊號；以及一數據儲存器，運行耦合於處理器且包括程式指令；當處理器執行該程式指令時，會導致處理器執行操作，動態搜尋一波紋優化預調整器設定點電壓，該電壓在作為輸入提供給複數個交錯開關模式電源相時，極小化受監控波紋特點；上述受監控波紋特點包括公共節點上的波紋電壓；上述複數個交錯開關模式電源相包括兩個或多個相。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其操作包括：步驟(i)：確定受監控波紋特點的初始值和一方向；步驟(ii)：按該一方向遞增數量調節預調整器的設定點電壓；步驟(iii)：在完成步驟(ii)中調節後，確定受監控波紋特點的調節值；以及步驟(iv)：如果調節值改進了波紋特點，則重複步驟(ii)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其操作進一步包括：步驟(v)：如果調節值惡化波紋特點，則反轉步驟(i)確定的方向並重複步驟(ii)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其中受監控波紋特點包括公共節點上的波紋電壓。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其中受監控波紋特點包括經由公共節點提供給負載的波紋電流。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其中該多相控制器進一步運行耦合於波紋測量電路。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其中多相控制器運行耦合將預調整器設定點電壓指令提供給電壓預調整器。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的通訊總線。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其進一步包括適應於將預調整器設定點電壓指令從多相控制器傳送至電壓預調整器的至少一條模擬訊號線。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其中複數個交錯開關模式電源相包括兩個或多個相。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的多相降壓衍生電源系統，其進一步包括每個相中的至少一開關電晶體，其中的多相控制器配置控制每個相中的該至少一開關電晶體，從而在對應於該兩個或複數個相的相數目的最小輸出波紋電壓的工作週期中運行。
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