TWI680504B - 具備碳化矽層之半導體裝置 - Google Patents

具備碳化矽層之半導體裝置 Download PDF

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TWI680504B
TWI680504B TW104131147A TW104131147A TWI680504B TW I680504 B TWI680504 B TW I680504B TW 104131147 A TW104131147 A TW 104131147A TW 104131147 A TW104131147 A TW 104131147A TW I680504 B TWI680504 B TW I680504B
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浅村英俊
Hidetoshi Asamura
川村啓介
Keisuke Kawamura
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日商愛沃特股份有限公司
Air Water Inc.
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Abstract

本發明係一種具備碳化矽層之半導體裝置,其中,在確保半導體裝置之品質的同時,提高半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓。半導體裝置係具備:Si(矽)基板,和加以形成於Si基板的表面之SiO2(氧化矽)層,和加以形成於SiO2層的表面之Si層,和加以形成於Si層的表面上之SiC(碳化矽)層。SiO2層之厚度係1μm以上20μm以下。

Description

具備碳化矽層之半導體裝置
本發明係有關具備SiC(碳化矽)層之半導體裝置。
SiC係比較於Si(矽),能帶隙為大,而具有高絕緣破壞電場強度。因此,SiC係作為具有高耐壓之半導體裝置的材料而被加以期待。另外,3C-SiC(具有3C型之結晶構造的SiC)係從與GaN(氮化鎵)的晶格常數接近之情況,可作為為了使GaN之基材基板而使用者。GaN之絕緣破壞電場強度係較3C-SiC之絕緣破壞電場為大之故,由將3C-SiC作為緩衝層者,可實現更高耐壓之GaN之半導體裝置。
作為為了使3C-SiC層成長之基材基板,係Si基板或塊狀之SiC基板則被廣泛使用。其中,塊狀的SiC基板係在目前僅存在有4英吋程度的構成,而具有大口徑化困難的問題。對於為了以廉價取得大口徑之寬禁帶半導體,係使用Si基板者為佳。
對於下記專利文獻1~3係加以揭示有有關以 SiC為始,使用寬禁帶半導體之半導體裝置的技術。對於下記專利文獻1係加以記載有:於將立方晶{001}面作為表面之單結晶基板上,經由磊晶成長而使2種類之元素A、B所成之化合物單結晶(SiC或GaN等)成長之方法。在此方法中,具備:使反相位範圍邊界面以及因元素A及B引起之層積缺陷,於表面各等效地產生於平行之<110>方向同時,使化合物單結晶成長之工程(I),和使因在工程(I)中產生之元素A引起之層積缺陷,與反相位範圍邊界面會合消滅之工程(II),和使因在工程(I)中產生之元素B引起之層積缺陷,自我消滅之工程(III),和完全地使反相位範圍邊界會合消滅之工程(IV)。工程(IV)係與工程(II)及(III)並行,或在工程(II)及(III)之後加以進行。
對於下記專利文獻2係加以揭示有:準備具有特定厚度之表面Si層與埋入絕緣層之Si基板,在碳系氣體環境中加熱上述Si基板而使表面Si層變成為單結晶SiC層之單結晶SiC基板的製造方法。在此製造方法中,在使表面Si層變成為單結晶SiC層時,與埋入絕緣層之界面附近的Si層則作為殘存Si層而加以殘留。埋入絕緣層係經由具有1~200nm厚度之SiO2(氧化矽)而成,而SiC層係具有100nm程度的厚度。
對於下記專利文獻3係加以揭示有:具備SOI(Silicon On Insulator)基板,和作為加以形成於SOI基板上之緩衝層的AlN(氮化鋁)層,和作為加以形成於 AlN層上之通道層的GaN層,和作為加以形成於GaN層上之阻障層的AlGaN(氮化鋁鎵)層,和加以形成於AlGaN層上之源極電極,汲極電極,及閘極電極的半導體裝置。
先前技術文獻 專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本特開2011-84435號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2009-302097號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2008-34411號公報
SiC係比較於Si而具有非常高之絕緣破壞電場強度。具體而言,Si之絕緣破壞電場強度係為0.3MV/cm,而3C-SiC之絕緣破壞電場強度係為1.2MV/cm。隨之,在具有將Si基板作為基材基板而形成SiC層之構造的半導體裝置中,對於為了提升縱方向(Si基板之主面的法線方向)之耐壓提升,如增加SiC層之厚度即可。
但在將Si基板作為基材基板而形成SiC層之半導體裝置中,晶格常數或熱膨脹係數相互不同之Si與SiC則構成異質界面之故,而對於僅增加SiC層之厚度的 情況,係容易引起基板的變形,或對於SiC層之斷裂的發生。其結果,對於經由加厚SiC層而提升半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓,係有界限。
然而,對於使用上述專利文獻1之技術而形成SiC層的情況,係可抑止斷裂之發生同時,形成比較厚之SiC層者,但有著工程產生複雜化等之問題。
本發明係為了解決上述課題之構成,其目的係為確保半導體裝置之品質的同時,提高半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。
依照本發明之一的狀況之半導體裝置係具備:Si基板,和加以形成於Si基板表面之SiO2層,和加以形成於SiO2層表面之Si層,和加以形成於Si層表面上之SiC層,而SiO2層之厚度係1μm以上20μm以下。
在上述半導體裝置中,理想為SiC層係3C-SiC,而SiC層之厚度係0.1μm以上3μm以下。
在上述半導體裝置中,理想為Si層之厚度係5nm以上10nm以下。
在上述半導體裝置中,理想為更具備加以形成於SiC層之半導體元件。
在上述半導體裝置中,理想為更具備加以形成於SiC層表面上之氮化物半導體層,和加以形成於氮化物半導體層之半導體元件。
如根據本發明,在確保半導體裝置之品質的同時,可提高半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。
1‧‧‧Si(矽)基板
1a‧‧‧Si基板的背面
2‧‧‧SiO2(氧化矽)層
3‧‧‧Si層
4‧‧‧SiC(碳化矽)層
5‧‧‧GaN(氮化鎵)層
6‧‧‧AlGaN(氮化鋁鎵)層
7‧‧‧氮化物半導體層
8a,8b‧‧‧不純物範圍
11‧‧‧源極電極
12‧‧‧汲極電極
13‧‧‧閘極電極
14‧‧‧電阻電極
15‧‧‧肖特基電極
16‧‧‧閘極絕緣層
圖1係顯示在本發明之第1實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
圖2係顯示SiC層之厚度,和斷裂發生之有無及SiC層之結晶性的關係表。
圖3係顯示基板之尺寸及SiO2層之厚度,和基板之彎曲量Wt之關係表。
圖4係顯示在本發明之第2實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
圖5係顯示在本發明之第3實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
以下,依據圖面而說明本發明之實施形態。
(第1實施形態)
圖1係顯示在本發明之第1實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
參照圖1,在本實施形態之半導體裝置係包含GaN-HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistor)。半導體裝置係具備:Si基板1,和SiO2層(埋入玻璃層)2,和Si層3,和SiC層4,和GaN層5,和AlGaN層6,和源極電極11及汲極電極12,和閘極電極13。GaN層5及AlGaN層6係構成氮化物半導體層7。對於氮化物半導體層7係加以形成HEMT(半導體元件的一例)。
Si基板1係具有p型或n型之導電型亦可。
SiO2層2係加以形成於Si基板1的表面。SiO2層2之厚度係1μm以上20μm以下。SiO2層2之厚度係1.2μm以上者為佳。SiO2層2之厚度係10μm以下者為佳,而5μm以下者為更佳。
Si層3係加以形成於SiO2層2之表面。Si層3之厚度係5nm以上10nm以下者為佳。然而,Si層3係例如,由氧化構成Si層3之Si者而形成SiO2,經由蝕刻此SiO2之時,加以薄膜化至上述之範圍為止亦可。
Si基板1、SiO2層2、及Si層3係構成SOI(Silicon On Insulator)基板。SiO2層2及Si層3係例如,使用貼合法或SIMOX(Separation by IMplanted OXygen)法等而加以形成。
SiC層4係加以形成於Si層3的表面。SiC層4係例如,經由3C-SiC、4H-SiC、或6H-SiC等而成。特別是,SiC層4則為加以磊晶成長於Si基板1者之情況,一般而言,SiC層4係經由3C-SiC而成。此情況,SiC層 4之厚度係0.1μm以上者為佳,而0.5μm以上者更佳。另外,SiC層4之厚度係3μm以下者為佳,而2μm以下者為更佳。
SiC層4係於由碳化Si層3之表面者而加以得到之SiC所成之基材層上,使用MBE(分子束磊晶)法、CVD(化學蒸鍍)法、或LPE(液相磊晶)法等,經由使SiC加以同質磊晶成長之時而加以形成亦可。SiC層4係僅經由碳化Si層3的表面而加以形成亦可。更且,SiC層4係經由夾持緩衝層而於Si層3表面上,使SiC加以異質磊晶成長之時而加以形成亦可。
GaN層5係加以形成於SiC層4的表面。對於GaN層5係未加以導入不純物,而GaN層5係成為HEMT之電子走行層。
AlGaN層6係加以形成於GaN層5的表面。AlGaN層6係具有n型之導電型,成為HEMT之障壁層。AlGaN層6係例如,經由HVPE(氫化物氣相磊晶)法、或MOCVD(有機金屬氣相成長)法等而加以形成。
SiC與GaN係晶格常數為近似。因此,SiC層4係達成作為GaN層5之緩衝層(基材層)的作用。然而,GaN層5及AlGaN層6係如加以形成於SiC層4表面上即可,而於SiC層4與GaN層5之間,例如,加以形成有AlN所成之緩衝層亦可。加以形成有HEMT情況之氮化物半導體層係如包含第1氮化物半導體層,和加以形成於第1氮化物半導體層表面,具有較第1氮化物半導 體層之能帶隙為寬的能帶隙之第2氮化物半導體層者即可,而經由GaN與AlGaN之組合外的氮化物半導體材料之組合加以構成亦可。
各源極電極11及汲極電極12係相互拉開間隔而加以形成於氮化物半導體層7之表面。閘極電極13係在氮化物半導體層7的表面中,加以形成於源極電極11及汲極電極12之間。各源極電極11及汲極電極12係電阻接觸於氮化物半導體層7。閘極電極13係肖特基接觸於氮化物半導體層7。各源極電極11及汲極電極12係例如,具有自氮化物半導體層7側,依序層積Ti(鈦)層及Al(鋁)層之構造。閘極電極13係例如,具有自氮化物半導體層7側依序層積Ni(鎳)層及Au(金)層之構造。各源極電極11,汲極電極12,及閘極電極13係例如,經由蒸鍍法、MOCVD法、或濺鍍法等而加以形成。
然而,為了固定Si基板1之背面的電位,而加以電性連接Si基板1之背面1a,和源極電極11或汲極電極12。
構成半導體裝置之各層的厚度係使用橢圓偏光量測器而加以測定。橢圓偏光量測器係將偏光的入射光照射至測定對象,將來自測定對象的反射光受光。在S偏光與P偏光中有著相位的偏差或反射率的不同之故,反射光之偏光狀態係成為與入射光的偏光狀態不同者。此偏光狀態的變化係依存於入射光的波長,入射角度,膜的光學常數,及膜厚等。橢圓偏光量測器係自所得到之反射光, 依據入射光的波長或入射角而算出膜的光學常數或膜厚。
本實施形態之半導體裝置的動作係如以下。源極電極11係經常保持為接地電位(成為基準的電位)。在未加以施加電壓於閘極電極13之狀態中,因GaN層5與AlGaN層6之能帶隙的差引起,而在AlGaN層6產生的電子係集中於在GaN層5之與AlGaN層6之異質接合界面,形成二次元電子氣體。伴隨著二次元電子氣體之形成,AlGaN層6內係在自與GaN層5之異質結合界面延伸於圖1中上方向之空乏層,和自與閘極電極13之接合界面延伸於圖1中下方向的空乏層,完全地加以空乏層化。另一方面,當加以施加正的電壓於閘極電極13時,經由電場效果而二次元電子氣體的濃度則變高。其結果,對於加以施加正的電壓於汲極電極12之情況,自汲極電極12流動電流至源極電極11。
如根據本實施形態,經由SiO2層2之厚度為1μm以上之時,可將SiC層4之厚度作為不會發生有斷裂程度之厚度之同時,可提高形成HEMT於氮化物半導體層7之半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。另外,經由SiO2層2之厚度為20μm以下之時,可抑止Si基板1之彎曲者。其結果,在確保包含HEMT之半導體裝置之品質的同時,可提高包含HEMT之半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。對於此,於以下,加以詳細說明。
理論上,SiO2之絕緣破壞電場強度係為2~8MV/cm。也就是,隨著SiO2層之厚度增加1μm,而半 導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓係僅增加200~800V。另外,理論上,3C型之SiC之絕緣破壞電場強度係為1.2MV/cm。也就是,隨著SiC層之厚度增加1μm,而半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓係僅增加120V。
一般而言,在作為功率裝置之半導體裝置中,在除了在半導體裝置之Si基板以外的部分,被要求560V程度之縱方向的耐壓。但過於增大SiC層之厚度時,成為容易於SiC層發生有斷裂。
本申請發明者們係對於SiC層之厚度,和斷裂發生之有無及SiC層之結晶性的關係進行調查。圖2係顯示SiC層之厚度,和斷裂發生之有無及SiC層之結晶性的關係表。
參照圖2,由將SiC層之厚度作為3μm以下、而理想為作為2μm以下者,可抑止斷裂發生。另一方面,由將SiC層4之厚度作為0.1μm以上、理想為作為0.5μm以上者,可確保SiC層4之結晶性。
將SiC層的厚度作為成3μm以下之情況,SiC層之縱方向的耐壓係理論上,成為360V以下。當考慮SiO2之絕緣破壞電場強度時,由將SiO2層之厚度作為1μm以上、理想為作為1.2μm以上者,可確保對於作為功率裝置之半導體裝置所要求之縱方向的耐壓。
另外,本申請發明者們係對於Si基板之尺寸及SiO2層之厚度,和Si基板之彎曲量的關係進行調查。圖3係顯示Si基板之尺寸及SiO2層之厚度,和Si基板之 彎曲量Wt之關係表。
參照圖3,準備直徑8英吋,厚度725μm之基板(試料1)、直徑8英吋,厚度1500μm之基板(試料2)、及直徑6英吋,厚度1500μm之基板(試料3)之3種類的Si基板。對於各試料1~3而言,各形成較0.5μm為大而5μm以下之厚度的SiO2層,較5μm為大而10μm以下之厚度的SiO2層,較10μm為大而20μm以下之厚度的SiO2層,及較20μm為大之厚度的SiO2層。測定SiO2層形成後之Si基板的彎曲量Wt。
其結果,對於形成較20μm為大厚度之SiO2層之情況,在試料1~3任一中,彎曲量的影響均為大。對於形成較10μm為大而20μm以下之厚度之SiO2層情況,在試料1及2中,彎曲量的影響為大之另一方面,在試料3中,幾乎未有彎曲量的影響。對於形成較5μm為大而10μm以下之厚度之SiO2層之情況,在試料1中,彎曲量的影響為大之另一方面,在試料2及3中,幾乎未有彎曲量的影響。對於形成較0.5μm為大而5μm以下之厚度之SiO2層之情況,在試料1~3任一中,幾乎均未有彎曲量的影響。
從以上的結果,由將SiO2層2之厚度作為20μm以下、而理想作為10μm以下、更理想作為5μm以下者,可抑止基板之彎曲。
加上,如根據本實施形態,因SiC層4則達成作為氮化物半導體層7之緩衝層之作用之故,可形成高 品質之氮化物半導體層7者。
[第2實施形態]
圖4係顯示在本發明之第2實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
參照圖4,在本實施形態之半導體裝置係包含SBD(Schottky Barrier Diode)。半導體裝置係具備:Si基板1,和SiO2層2,和Si層3,和SiC層4,和電阻電極14及肖特基電極15。對於SiC層4係加以形成SBD(半導體元件的一例)。各SiO2層2,Si層3,及SiC層4之厚度係與第1實施形態和情況相同。半導體裝置係未具備氮化物半導體層。
SiC層4係具有n型之導電型。作為將SiC層4作為n型化之不純物,係例如可使用N(氮)、P(磷)、及As(砷)之中至少1種類者。
各電阻電極14及肖特基電極15係相互拉開間隔而加以形成於SiC層4之表面。SiC層4則具有n型之導電型之情況,電阻電極14係例如經由Ni或Al等而成。肖特基電極15係例如,經由Au、Pt(白金)、或Al-Ti合金等而成。電阻電極14及肖特基電極15係例如,經由蒸鍍法、MOCVD法、或濺鍍法等而加以形成。
然而,為了固定Si基板1之背面的電位,而加以電性連接Si基板1之背面1a,和電阻電極14或肖特基電極15亦可。
上述以外之半導體裝置的構成係因與圖1所示之第1實施形態的構成同樣之故,對於同一構件係附上同一符號,而未加以反覆其說明。
本實施形態之半導體裝置的動作係如以下。電阻電極14係經常保持為接地電位(成為基準的電位)。在未加以施加電壓於肖特基電極15之狀態,或加以施加負的電位於肖特基電極15之狀態中,成為逆方向偏壓,電流係未流動於SBD。另一方面,在加以施加正的電壓於肖特基電極15之狀態中,成為順方向偏壓,自肖特基電極15流動有電流至電阻電極14。
如根據本實施形態,在確保包含SBD之半導體裝置之品質的同時,可提高包含SBD之半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。
然而,SiC層4係具有p型之導電型亦可。作為將SiC層4作為p型化之不純物,係例如可使用B(硼)、Al、Ga(鎵)、及In(銦)之中至少1種類者。SiC層4則具有p型之導電型之情況,電阻電極14係例如經由Au、Pt、或Al-Ti合金等而加以形成。肖特基電極15係例如,由Ni或Al等而加以形成。
[第3實施形態]
圖5係顯示在本發明之第3實施形態的半導體裝置之構成的剖面圖。
參照圖5,在本實施形態之半導體裝置係包含 n型MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)。半導體裝置係具備:Si基板1,和SiO2層2,和Si層3,和SiC層4,和不純物範圍8a及8b,和源極電極11及汲極電極12,和閘極電極13。對於SiC層4係加以形成n型MOSFET(半導體元件的一例)。各SiO2層2,Si層3,及SiC層4之厚度係與第1實施形態和情況相同。半導體裝置係未具備氮化物半導體層。
SiC層4係具有n型之導電型。各不純物範圍8a及8b係具有p型之導電型,相互拉開間隔而加以形成於SiC層4的表面。不純物範圍8a及8b係經由離子注入法或熱擴散法等而加以形成。作為為了將不純物範圍8a及8b作為p型化之不純物,係例如可使用B、Al、Ga、及In之中至少1種類者。
各源極電極11及汲極電極12係加以形成於各不純物範圍8a及8b之表面。閘極電極13係於不純物範圍8a與不純物範圍8b之間的SiC層4表面,夾持閘極絕緣層16而加以形成。閘極電極13及閘極絕緣層16係加以形成於源極電極11及汲極電極12之間。各源極電極11,汲極電極12,及閘極電極13係由Al或Cu(銅)等而成。閘極絕緣層16係例如由SiO2而成。閘極絕緣層16係亦可由Hf(鉿)、Zr(鋯)、Al、或Ti等之各氧化物,或此等之矽酸鹽化合物而成。各源極電極11,汲極電極12,及閘極電極13係例如,經由蒸鍍法、MOCVD法、或濺鍍法等而加以形成。閘極絕緣層16係例如,經 由電漿CVD法等而加以形成。
然而,為了固定Si基板1之背面的電位,而加以電性連接Si基板1之背面1a,和源極電極11或汲極電極12。
上述以外之半導體裝置的構成係因與圖1所示之第1實施形態的構成同樣之故,對於同一構件係附上同一符號,而未加以反覆其說明。
本實施形態之半導體裝置的動作係如以下。源極電極11係經常保持為接地電位(成為基準的電位)。在未加以施加電壓於閘極電極13之狀態,或加以施加負的電壓於閘極電極13之狀態中,對於源極電極11與汲極電極12之間係未流動有電流。另一方面,當加以施加正的電壓於閘極電極13時,存在於SiC層4內之電子則加以吸引至構成與閘極絕緣層16之界面的SiC層4表面,於不純物範圍8a與不純物範圍8a之間形成n型的反轉層。其結果,對於加以施加正的電壓於汲極電極12之情況,自汲極電極12流動電流至源極電極11。
如根據本實施形態,在確保包含MOSFET之半導體裝置之品質的同時,可提高包含MOSFET之半導體裝置之縱方向的耐壓者。
然而,半導體裝置係亦可包含p型MOSFET。此情況,SiC層4係作為p型之導電型,而不純物範圍8a及8b係作為n型之導電型。作為為了將不純物範圍8a及8b作為n型化之不純物,係例如可使用N、 P、及As之中至少1種類者。
[其他]
加以形成於半導體裝置之半導體元件係如為任意之構成即可,例如,亦可為二極體,電晶體,閘流器,或半導體雷射等。半導體元件係為橫型之構成(經由在加以形成於SiO2層之表面上的層之電性傳導而進行動作之構成)者為佳。
上述之實施形態係認為例示在所有的點,並非限制性的構成。本發明之範圍係並非上述之說明,而經由申請專利範圍所示,特意包含有與申請專利範圍均等意味及在範圍內之所有的變更者。

Claims (5)

  1. 一種半導體裝置,其特徵為具備:矽基板,和加以形成於前述矽基板表面之氧化矽層,和加以形成於前述氧化矽層表面之矽層,和加以形成於前述矽層表面上之碳化矽層;前述氧化矽層之厚度係1μm以上20μm以下;前述碳化矽層之厚度係0.1μm以上3μm以下者。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項記載之半導體裝置,其中,前述碳化矽層係3C-SiC。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項記載之半導體裝置,其中,前述矽層之厚度係5nm以上10nm以下者。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項記載之半導體裝置,其中,更具備加以形成於前述碳化矽層之半導體元件者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項記載之半導體裝置,其中,更具備加以形成於前述碳化矽層表面上之氮化物半導體層,和加以形成於前述氮化物半導體層之半導體元件者。
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