TWI679111B - 一種複合板材 - Google Patents
一種複合板材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI679111B TWI679111B TW107122300A TW107122300A TWI679111B TW I679111 B TWI679111 B TW I679111B TW 107122300 A TW107122300 A TW 107122300A TW 107122300 A TW107122300 A TW 107122300A TW I679111 B TWI679111 B TW I679111B
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- mass
- board
- acid
- parts
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供了一種複合板材,係包括:基材層及至少一層設於該基材層之上方及/或下方之功能層。本發明所提供之複合板材,具健康環保、觸感舒適、彈性佳及外觀美觀之特點且不含甲醛之新型複合板材,本發明之複合板材亦可依據實際需求進行表面處理,以提升其功能性及實用性。
Description
本發明係屬於建築材料領域,尤係關於一種用於建築材料領域之複合板材。
傳統木地板多為實心地板,實心木地板的使用會消耗掉大量木材,致使環境遭到破壞,而且地板的成本也居高不下。因此,尋求現有實木地板的替代品是十分有必要的。
應用最廣泛之通用塑膠-聚氯乙烯(PVC),亦應用於建築材料領域,例如作為板材或管材。於板材領域中,常用的PVC板材係包括硬質PVC及軟質PVC,其二者之增塑劑含量不同,從而造成兩者的性質也有所不同,其中,該硬質PVC的增塑劑含量係小於10重量%,而軟質PVC的增塑劑含量係為30至70重量%。
增塑劑係為工業上常見的高分子材料助劑,於塑膠加工過程添加該物質,可以使該塑膠之柔韌性增強,更易於加工。由該增塑劑之化學結構分類來看,係包括脂肪族二元酸酯類、苯二甲酸酯類、苯多酸酯類、苯甲酸酯類、多元醇酯類、氯化烴類、環氧類、檸檬酸酯類、聚酯類等種類。其中,最常用的增塑劑為鄰苯二甲酸酯類或鄰苯二甲 酸鹽類,例如鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)等。增塑劑對人體具有一定的毒性,而且隨著長期的使用會慢慢從PVC材料中逸出,對人體健康造成影響。由於硬質PVC中的增塑劑含量較少,其相對於軟質PVC來說更加健康環保,可作為室內裝飾板材長期使用。
此外,硬質PVC板材還具有高阻燃、不吸水、可重複利用等特點,因此在建築建材領域,尤其是板材領域,有著廣泛的應用。惟,傳統的硬質PVC也存在明顯的缺點,例如硬度高,當應用於板材時,尤其是地板,觸感舒適度明顯不足。再者,傳統的硬質PVC顏色單一,視覺效果差。該些缺點使得傳統的硬質PVC無法滿足人們對於舒適度和視覺效果的要求,因此只能於低端的建材市場之應用發展。
另一方面,傳統的PVC板材在加工時,係考量其美觀性及實用性,往往需要在其表面塗漆,為了使該漆層牢固地黏著於該PVC板材之表面,勢必需於塗漆前增加其密著性,亦即,先塗刷一層與該PVC及漆層均具有較好結合力的密著劑,此亦提升該傳統PVC板材加工的複雜度。
有鑑於此,有必要提出一種複合板材,以解決上述之問題。
本發明旨在克服上述缺陷,藉由選用獨特的基材層,從而提供一種相對健康環保、觸感舒適、視覺美觀的新型 複合板材,本發明的複合板材亦可以依據實際需求對其表面進行處理,以提升其功能性及實用性。
本發明提供一種複合板材,係包括:基材層;以及至少一層功能層,係設於該基材層之上方及/或下方;其中,該基材層之組成係包含下述成分:100質量份的聚氯乙烯(PVC)樹脂或粉末;150至300質量份之石粉、木屑或岩石;1至10質量份之輔助劑,其中,該輔助劑係選自穩定劑、硬脂酸、聚乙烯(PE)蠟、氯化聚乙烯、改性劑、顏料、增白劑及增塑劑中之至少一種;以及0.01至1質量份的成型優化劑,其中,該成型優化劑之製備,係由多元醇、不飽和多元酸及胺基酸經反應形成混合聚合物,將該混合聚合物與鹵代試劑反應得到中間鹵化產物,使該中間鹵化產物再與順丁烯二酸混合聚合反應而得。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即、上述成型優化劑的製備方法如下所示:步驟一、將多元醇、不飽和多元酸依次投入聚合反應釜內,在催化作用下,於120至160℃的反應溫度下反應1至5小時後,投入胺基酸,於60至120℃的反應溫度下繼續反應0.5至1.5小時,排水獲得混合聚合物;該催化劑為質子酸(如:濃硫酸)、相轉移催化劑等;步驟二、將混合聚合物在60至120℃的反應溫度下,於引發劑的作用下與鹵代試劑進行0.5至5小時的鹵代反 應後得到中間鹵化產物;引發劑可以為金屬鎂、DBU等試劑;步驟三、將中間鹵化產物與順丁烯二酸依次投入反應釜內,於120至150℃的反應溫度下反應1至3小時後,升溫至200至280℃的反應溫度下聚合反應2至8小時後排出水獲得目標成型優化劑;在該反應過程中可適當加入1%(總反應物質量)的撿劑作為催化劑。
其中,上述多元醇、不飽和多元酸和胺基酸的莫耳比為1:0.1至20:0.01-50;上述混合聚合物與鹵代試劑的品質比為1:0.2-1;鹵代試劑可以為氯氣、溴氣、光氣、N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS)、5,5-二溴巴比妥酸(DBBA)或二溴異氰尿酸(DBI)等;上述中間鹵化產物與順丁烯二酸的品質比為1:1.5-10。
本發明中之另一態樣係所述之複合板材,其中,該多元醇係選自由乙二醇、1,2一丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、二縮二乙二醇、一縮二丙二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及甘油所組成群組之至少一種。
本發明中之另一態樣係所述之複合板材,其中,該不飽和多元酸係選自C1-C20的不飽和多元酸中之至少一種。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該基材層係由下述成份所組成; 100質量份之聚氯乙烯樹脂或粉末;210至270質量份之石粉或木屑;0至80質量份之珍珠岩;2至6質量份之穩定劑;0.2至0.8質量份之硬脂酸;0.2至0.8質量份之聚乙烯蠟;1至5質量份之氯化聚乙烯;0.5至2質量份之丙烯酸酯類(ACR)改性劑;1至5質量份之鈦白粉;0.01至0.05質量份之增白劑;以及0.1至0.5質量份之成型優化劑。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該功能層係選自由花紋層、耐磨層、塗料層、貼面層、保溫層、防水層、止滑層及黏合層所組成群組之至少一種;其中,該花紋層係為PVC花紋紙、印花木材、印花塑材、印花紙、印花石材或其他可通過花紋印花、腐蝕、雕刻等手段所實現之花紋造型材料;該耐磨層係由PVC所製之耐磨材料層,亦可為如仿石材之質地堅硬且耐磨損之材料;該塗料層係為實現該複合板材之色彩所塗敷之塗層;該貼面層係可為PVC、木製、碳酸鈣、矽石、塑膠、布料或其他各種材質之貼面;該保溫層係可為中空板、PVC或其他具有保溫功能之 材料;該防水層係設置於該複合板材之最下方或該花紋層之上方,用以保護該複合板材不受潮濕或潑水之影響;該止滑層係於該複合板材上所設置之紋理,此紋理係以凸起結構為主,如:波浪紋、輪胎紋等,從而能實現防滑止滑之效果;該黏合層係為黏膠劑,用於將各複合板材進行黏合。
本發明中之另一態樣係所述之複合板材,其中,該功能層係選自由木質、無紡布、竹質、木板、竹板、金屬板、環保塑木(WPC)板、聚氯乙烯板、頂級聚乙烯板(LVT)、矽酸鈣板、鋁塑板、塑膠板、聚氯乙烯卷材、竹木複合板、鋁鎂板、木塑板、石材板、火山石灰板、碳酸矽鈣板、塑膠膜、石膏板、玻璃板、泡沫板、三聚氰胺板、聚氯乙烯耐磨層、聚氯乙烯花紋紙、聚氯乙烯墊層及聚乙烯膜所組成群組之至少一種的複合材料所製造而成。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即於該基材層與該功能層之間復設有交聯層,且當該功能層為多層時,各功能層中之二層或多層之間復設有交聯層,其中,該交聯層係用以加固所接連之該二層結構間之結合強度。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該交聯層係由下述成分經擠出成型而製得:100質量份之交聯基材粒子,其中,該交聯基材粒子係由多元酸、多元胺及氯乙烯以莫耳比1:0.1至10:1至 10比例進行聚合反應,且經粉碎過篩/造粒所製得;50至70質量份選自之碳黑、白碳黑、鈦白粉、輕質碳酸鈣、矽酸及氧化矽中之至少一種的填料;以及1至10質量份之助劑,其中,該助劑係選自抗氧化劑、增塑劑、交聯劑、穩定劑、熱敏劑、顏料及表面活性劑中之至少一種。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該交聯基材粒子之製備方法,係包括下列步驟:使該多元酸及多元胺依次投入反應釜內,於120至150℃之溫度進行初步反應1至3小時,其中,該多元酸係選自C1-C6的二元酸或C1-C6的三元酸中之至少一種,且該多元胺係選自C1-C12的多元胺中之至少一種;經除水後,再加入該氯乙烯並於220至280℃之溫度下高壓聚合反應0.5至5小時,以獲得一交聯基材;以及使該交聯基材冷卻後,經磨粉過篩製得該交聯基材粒子。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該複合板材之各層係經至少一次的10至35℃之冷壓或60至180℃之熱壓,或於常溫下透過連續成型之方式所製備;其中,該冷壓或熱壓之壓力為8至12公斤/平方公分,且該冷壓或熱壓之時間為10至100分鐘。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該複合板材之最上層復設有紫外線(UV)固化塗層,且該紫外光固化塗層係於塗刷紫外光固化塗料後,經具200至 450奈米波長之照明設備照射所固化而成。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該紫外光固化塗料係由下述成分所組成:30至50重量%之共聚物,其中,該共聚物係由選自丙烯酸酐、烷基丙烯酸酐及2,4-戊二烯酸所組成群組之至少一種、與胺基酸中之至少一種、與順丁二烯及/或反式丁二烯、及選自C1-C6之二元醇、C1-C6之三元醇或C1-C6之四元醇所組成群組之至少一種進行低聚反應所得之產物,亦即,將上述各物質投入反應釜中,加入相轉移催化劑,於60至230℃的溫度下反應1至12個小時後除水即得,其中,上述之選自丙烯酸酐、烷基丙烯酸酐、2,4-戊二烯酸所組成群組之至少一種:胺基酸:順丁二烯及/或反式丁二烯:C1-C6之二元醇、C1-C6之三元醇或C1-C6之四元醇之莫耳比為1:0.1至5:1至4:0.5至2;40至60重量%之活性單體,其中,該活性單體係為丙烯酸酯中之至少一種;3至10重量%之光引發劑,其中,該光引發劑係為自由基光引發劑中之至少一種;以及1至10重量%之助劑,其中,該助劑係選自附著力促進劑、消泡劑、流平劑、潤濕劑及抗氧劑中之至少一種。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該活性單體係由選自丙烯酸、烷基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酐、烷基丙烯酸酐、2,4-戊二烯酸、2,4-戊二烯酸酐所組成群組之至少一種、與選自C1-C12之一元醇、C1-C12之二元醇、 C1-C12之三元醇、C1-C12之四元醇所組成群組之至少一種進行酯化反應所得之至少一種產物;該偶聯劑係選自Y-締水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、Y-胺丙基三乙氧基矽烷、Y-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、Y-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-(B-胺乙基)-Y-胺丙基三甲氧基矽烷和丙烯酸酯磷酸酯2-羥基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯、甲基丙烯酸磷酸酯中的一種或幾種;該消泡劑係為矽酮類消泡劑;該流平劑係為有機矽類流平劑;該潤濕劑係為改性的聚二甲基矽氧烷;該抗氧劑係為受阻酚類抗氧劑;以及該光引發劑係選自2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮、1-羥基-環己基苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基-二苯基氧化膦、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)苯基氧化膦、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮及2-苯基苄-2-二甲基胺-1-(4-嗎啉苄苯基)丁酮所組成群組之至少一種。
進一步地,本發明提供的複合板材還具有這樣的特點:即該紫外光固化塗料復包括具粒徑分布為20至300微米之氧化鋁顆粒及/或金鋼砂顆粒。
本發明之作用及效果
本發明提供了一種特殊的複合板材,該板材係具健康環保、觸感舒適、富有彈性及外觀美觀之特點且不含甲醛之新型複合板材,本發明之複合板材亦可根據實際需求對 其表面進行處理,以提升其功能性和實用性。
於本發明中,選用成型優化劑來實現了對該複合板材之基材層的優化,由於該成型優化劑係具其獨特的結構特點,足以包容和吸引各類小分子,使其均勻分佈並結合於樹脂上,使其與樹脂之活性位點進行鍵位結合,並促使各分子鍵之間形成類似自組裝之過程,能夠使各組分在擠壓成型的過程中更為熔融和順滑,此外,藉由該成型優化劑之使用,透過其分子間共價鍵之影響,使該基材層更具有彈性、韌性及堅固性,經試驗結果表明,經添加該成型優化劑之板材較無添加者,其彈性提高約510%左右,且其韌性亦提高約300%左右,同時,該板材亦具有提高與其他板材通過熱壓或冷壓結合的能力,使複合後的多層板,不易發生開裂及脫層;經試驗結果表明,通過熱壓方式與PVC材料等的貼面層複合後,使其複合板材處於極冷或極熱刺激及高頻率使用之測試下,該複合板材之脫裂或分離的概率可下降約600%以上,於正常使用下,則極少出現貼面脫離之情況,且由於係以利用熱壓的方式複合,亦同時排除因膠水黏合該等添加材料之安全性問題。
此外,為了進一步提高板材與不易通過熱壓進行複合的貼面(如:木質、石材或紡織品等材料)進行結合的能力,在本發明中,還提供了一種提高熱壓成型效果的中間交聯層,該中間交聯層係為一種高分子材料,透過對該高分子材料之結構設計,使該高分子粒子於聚合反應完成後,能凸顯聚合鏈上之未反應的胺基、羧基、鹵素等活性點位, 使該板材於熱壓過程中,能透過該活性位點與其他層上高分子材料或游離分子之間產生反應或弱鍵效應,以更有效的結合其他層,並實現層與層之間結合力的加固。
此外,於本發明的方案中,復提供了一種新型的紫外光固化塗料(UV塗料),該UV塗料所選用比例方案及配方組分,不僅能提高其UV塗料之各項性能,同時,還能縮短其固化時間,提高其固化效率約1.5倍左右。
以下係藉由特定的具體實施例說明本發明之實施方式,熟習此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之優點及功效。本發明亦可藉由其它不同之實施方式加以施行或應用,本說明書中的各項細節亦可基於不同觀點與應用,在不悖離本發明所揭示之精神下賦予不同之修飾與變更。此外,本文所有範圍和值都係包含及可合併的。落在本文中所述的範圍內之任何數值或點,例如任何整數都可以作為最小值或最大值以導出下位範圍等。
下文,茲參照下列實施例詳述本發明之作用及效果。然而,該等實施例係作為本發明之實例呈現,本發明的確切範疇不局限於此。
實施例1 複合板材1#
複合板材1#係由基材層1#、貼面層及耐磨層所組成,該基材層、貼面層及耐磨層係通過熱壓(壓力:8至12公 斤/平方公分,溫度:60℃,時間:25分鐘)之方式製成複合板材1#。
其中,該貼面層係為具厚度0.15毫米之PVC貼面,係設置於該基材層之上方;該耐磨層係為具厚度0.20毫米之PVC耐磨層,係設置於該基材層之下方;該基材層1#係由下述物質經板材擠壓成型機所製成,其厚度為0.5毫米:
該成型優化劑1#:將1當量(eq)乙二醇、1.5當量1,4-二羧基丁二酸依次投入聚合反應釜內,在相轉移催化劑的催化作用下,於120℃的反應溫度下反應1小時後,投入0.1當量苯丙胺酸,於120℃的反應溫度下繼續反應0.5小時,排水獲得混合聚合物;通入0.5公升/小時之氯氣,在120℃的反應溫度下反應1.5小時後,通氮氣排出其體系內 的氣體,加入2當量順丁烯二酸,於145℃左右的反應溫度下反應1小時後,升溫至200℃的反應溫度下聚合反應8小時後排出水獲得目標成型優化劑1#。
本製備實施例所提供之複合板材1#與無添加優化劑的對照組複合板材01#(該複合板材01#因無法熱壓,故以膠黏複合)進行如下之性能評估:
(1)甲醛測試:鋪設100平方公尺的地板,令空間封閉,並使空調升溫至28℃,120小時後,量測該空間之甲醛濃度含量。
測試結果顯示:該實施例1複合板材1的空間甲醛濃度含量不可測得;然而,對照組複合板材01#的甲醛濃度含量係為0.13毫克/平方公尺(mg/m2)。
(2)彎折試驗:對板材進行反覆彎折,且其彎折夾角之角度約15°,經彎折18次後,測試其彎折位置。
試驗結果顯示:該複合板材1#之花色變形率為0.5%,且其折痕並未發白;然而,對照組複合板材01#之花色變形率為56.9%,且其折痕處有明顯斷裂發白現象。
(3)彈性試驗:以肉眼觀察並量測該板材於受力情況下的形變率及回復情況。
試驗結果顯示:該複合板材1#於受力情況下可彈性變形並快速回復,表面變形率小於0.1%;然而,對照組複合板材01#在受力情況下不可彈性變形。
實施例2 複合板材2#
複合板材2#係由基材層1#、貼面層和兩層耐磨層所 組成,該基材層、貼面層和兩層耐磨層係通過熱壓(壓力:8至12公斤/平方公分,溫度:60℃,時間:25分鐘)之方式製成複合板材2#。
其中,該貼面層係為厚度0.05毫米之PVC仿木貼面,設置於該基材層之上方;該兩層耐磨層均為PVC耐磨層且其厚度為0.15毫米,係分別設置於該基材層之下方及該貼面層之上方,且此二層耐磨層係為透明板;該基材層2#係由下述物質經板材擠壓成型機所製成,其厚度為0.5毫米:
該成型優化劑2#:將1當量丙二醇、5當量1,5-二羧基戊二酸依次投入聚合反應釜內,在0.01當量濃硫酸的催化作用下,於120℃的反應溫度下反應2.5小時後,投入0.5當量甘胺酸,於80℃的反應溫度下繼續反應1.5小時,排水獲得混合聚合物;通入0.5公升/小時光氣,在120℃的反應溫度下反應1.5小時後,通氮氣排出體系內的氣體, 加入10當量順丁烯二酸,於125℃左右的反應溫度下反應1.5小時後,升溫至230℃的反應溫度下聚合反應5小時後排出水獲得目標成型優化劑2#。
實施例3 複合板材3#
複合板材3#係由基材層3#、花紋層、耐磨層、防水層及止滑層所組成,該基材層3#、花紋層、耐磨層、防水層及止滑層係通過熱壓(壓力:8至12公斤/平方公分,溫度:80℃,時間:15分鐘)貼合,且於其最上層之表面塗有紫外光固化塗料3#,以製得複合板材3#。
其中,該花紋層係為具0.1毫米厚且其上印有花紋之PVC花紋紙,係設置於該基材層的上方;該耐磨層係為具0.15毫米厚之透明的PVC耐磨層,係設置於該花紋層的上方;防水層係由具0.1毫米厚之防水材料製造而成的板,係設置於該基材層之下方;該止滑層係為具0.2毫米厚且其上設有輪胎紋路之PVC材料,係設置於該防水層之下方;該基材層3#由下述物質經板材擠壓成型機所製成,其厚度為0.3毫米:
該成型優化劑3#:將1當量二縮乙二醇、5當量1,4-二羧基丁二酸依次投入聚合反應釜內,在催化作用下,於160℃的反應溫度下反應0.5小時後,投入0.05當量色胺酸,於60℃的反應溫度下繼續反應0.5小時,排水獲得混合聚合物;加入0.2當量N-溴代丁二醯亞胺(NBS),在160℃的反應溫度下反應1小時後,分離去水溶性物質,加入10當量順丁烯二酸,於120℃左右的反應溫度下反應2小時後,升溫至280℃的反應溫度下聚合反應3小時後排出水獲得目標成型優化劑3#。
該紫外光固化塗料3#,係由下述物質混合而成,在使用的過程中,將該塗料塗於該複合板材3#之表面後,通過紫外光等照射10分鐘固化即得。
實施例4 複合板材4#
複合板材4#係由基材層4#、花紋層、耐磨層、防水層、止滑層及交聯層4#所組成,該基材層4#、花紋層、耐磨層、防水層、止滑層及交聯層4#係通過熱壓(壓力:8至12公斤/平方公分,溫度:80℃,時間:15分鐘)貼合,且於其最上層之表面塗有紫外光固化塗料4#,以製得複合板材4#。
其中,該花紋層係為具0.1毫米厚且其上印有花紋之PVC花紋紙,係設置於該基材層的上方;該耐磨層係為具0.15毫米厚之透明的PVC耐磨層,係設置於花紋層的上方;該防水層係由防水材料製成具0.1毫米厚之板,係設置於該基材層之下方;該止滑層係為具0.2毫米厚且其上設有輪胎紋路之PVC材料,係設置於該防水層之下方;該基材層4#係由下述物質經板材擠壓成型機所製成,其厚度為0.3毫米:
該紫外光固化塗料4#,係由下述物質混合而成,在使用的過程中,將該塗料塗於該複合板材4#之表面後,通過紫外光等照射15分鐘固化即得。
該共聚物:將1當量丙烯酸酐、1.5當量甲基丙烯酸、0.5當量甘胺酸、5當量順丁二烯、2當量丙二醇依次投入反應釜內,加入0.01當量濃硫酸,加熱至160℃反應4小時後,烘乾磨碎為100-200目之尺寸(也可不烘乾直接使用)。
該交聯層4#係設置於花紋層及基材層之間、基材層及防水層之間、防水層及止滑層之間。該交聯層4#:將1當量乙二酸及1當量乙二胺依次投入反應釜內,於150℃的反應溫度下反應1小時後除水,再投入2當量氯乙烯,220 ℃的反應溫度下高壓聚合反應0.5小時得到交聯基材,該交聯基材經冷卻烘乾後磨粉過篩得到200-500目尺寸大小之交聯基材粒子。將該150質量份之粒子與90質量份的鈦白粉、5質量份之抗氧化劑、5質量份之增塑劑、1質量份之交聯劑、1質量份之穩定劑、1質量份之熱敏劑、10質量份之非離子表面活性劑經混合後擠出成型即得。
實施例5 複合板材5#
複合板材5#係由基材層4#、木貼面、防水層、止滑層及交聯層5#所組成,該基材層4#、木貼面、防水層、止滑層及交聯層5#係通過熱壓(壓力:8至12公斤/平方公分,溫度:80℃,時間:15分鐘)之方式製成複合板材5#。
其中,該0.1毫米厚之木貼面係設置於該基材層之上方;該防水層係由防水材料製成0.1毫米厚之板,係設置於該基材層的下方;該止滑層係為0.2毫米厚且其上設有輪胎紋路之PVC材料,係設置於該防水層之下方;該交聯層5#係設置於該木貼面及基材層之間。
該交聯層5#:將1當量丙二酸及1.5當量乙二胺依次投入反應釜內,於150℃的反應溫度下反應1小時後除水,再投入5當量氯乙烯,280℃的反應溫度下高壓聚合反應2.5小時得到交聯基材,該交聯基材經冷卻烘乾後磨粉過篩得到200-500目尺寸之交聯基材粒子。將該100質量份之粒子與50質量份之碳酸鈣、1質量份之抗氧化劑、5質量份之增塑劑、1質量份之穩定劑、1質量份之非離子表面活性劑經混合後擠出成型即得。
本製備實施例所提供之複合板材5#與無添加交聯層的對照組複合板材02#(熱壓)進行性能評估測試,其結果如下:
(1)甲醛測試:測試方法同製備實施例1。
測試結果顯示:複合板材5#與對照組複合板材02#均無測得甲醛濃度含量。
(2)彎折試驗:測試方法同製備實施例1,惟彎折次數為20次。
試驗結果顯示:複合板材5#的花色變形率小於0.5%,且其折痕未發白;然而,對照組複合板材02#之貼面變形率為45.3%,且其折痕處有明顯斷裂發白現象。
(3)抗撕拉實驗:將板材浸泡1天後以熱風吹乾,並重複操作多次,觀察板材之各層板的結合程度。
實驗結果顯示:經操作25次後,不可撕開複合板材5#各層板;然而,對照組複合板材02#之貼面層呈鬆動,且其邊緣可被撕開;於重複操作100次後,仍不可撕開該複合板材5#各層板;惟該對照組複合板材02#之貼面層可被撕開。
實施例6 複合板材6#
複合板材6#係由基材層1#、PVC花紋紙、PVC耐磨層及PVC止滑膜所組成,該基材層1#、PVC花紋紙、PVC耐磨層、PVC止滑膜係通過擠出機連續熱壓一次成型,且於其表面係噴塗紫外光固化塗料4#,以製得複合板材6#。
其中,該基材層1#之厚度係為3.0毫米;該PVC花紋紙之厚度係為0.07毫米,且設置於該基材層1#的上方;該PVC耐磨層之厚度係為0.3毫米,且設置於該PVC花紋紙之上方;該PVC止滑膜之厚度係為0.2毫米,且設置於該基材層1#之下方。
實施例7 複合板材7#
複合板材7#係由基材層1#、PVC花紋紙、PVC耐磨層、黏膠劑層及靜音墊所組成,該基材層1#、PVC花紋紙、PVC耐磨層係通過擠出機連續熱壓貼合,且該靜音墊層係通過布膠機連續冷壓貼合,且於其表面噴塗紫外光固化塗料3#,以製得複合板材7#。
其中,該基材層1#之厚度為4.0毫米;該PVC花紋紙之厚度為0.07毫米,且設置於該基材層1#之上方;該PVC耐磨層之厚度為0.5毫米,且設置於PVC花紋紙之上方;該靜音墊層之厚度為1.0毫米,且係經布膠機連續冷壓貼合於該基材層1#下方。
實施例8 複合板材8#
複合板材8#係由基材層2#、貼木皮膠水及木皮所組成,該基材層2#、貼木皮膠水及木皮係通過冷壓機一次貼合成型,且於其表面噴塗紫外光固化塗料4#,以製得複合板材8#。
其中,該基材層2#之厚度為4.8毫米;該木皮之厚度為0.45毫米,且設置於該基材層2#之上方。
實施例9 複合板材9#
複合板材9#係由基材層3#、貼木皮膠水、木皮、貼靜音墊膠水及靜音墊所組成,該基材層3#、貼木皮膠水及木皮係通過冷壓機一次貼合成型,且該靜音墊層係通過布膠機連續冷壓貼合,且於其表面噴塗紫外光固化塗料4#,以製得複合板材9#。
其中,該基材層3#之厚度係為4.0毫米;該木皮之厚度係為0.45毫米,且設置於該基材層3#之上方;該靜音墊層之厚度係為1.5毫米,且係經布膠機連續冷壓貼合於該基材層3#之下方。
上述實施例僅為例示性說明,而非用於限制本發明。任何熟習此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本發明之精神及範疇下,對上述實施例進行修飾與改變。因此,本發明之權利保護範圍係由本發明所附之申請專利範圍所定義,只要不影響本發明之效果及實施目的,應涵蓋於此公開技術內容中。
Claims (14)
- 一種複合板材,係包括:基材層;以及至少一層功能層,係設於該基材層之上方及/或下方;其中,該基材層之組成係包含下述成分:100質量份的聚氯乙烯(PVC)樹脂或粉末;150至300質量份之石粉、木屑或岩石;1至10質量份之輔助劑,其中,該輔助劑係選自穩定劑、硬脂酸、聚乙烯(PE)蠟、氯化聚乙烯、改性劑、顏料、增白劑及增塑劑中之至少一種;以及0.01至1質量份的成型優化劑,其中,該成型優化劑之製備,係由多元醇、選自1,4-二羧基丁二酸或1,5-二羧基戊二酸之多元酸及胺基酸經反應形成混合聚合物,將該混合聚合物與鹵代試劑反應得到中間鹵化產物,使該中間鹵化產物再與順丁烯二酸混合聚合反應而得成型優化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,該成型優化劑之製備方法,係包括下列步驟:於催化劑作用下,將該多元醇及選自1,4-二羧基丁二酸或1,5-二羧基戊二酸之多元酸依次投入聚合反應釜內,於120至160℃之溫度進行初步反應1至5小時後,加入該胺基酸,於60至120℃之溫度下進行聚合反應0.5至1.5小時,經除水後獲得混合聚合物,其中,該多元醇、選自1,4-二羧基丁二酸或1,5-二羧基戊二酸之多元酸及胺基酸之莫耳比係為1:0.1至20:0.01至50;將該混合聚合物與鹵代試劑以質量比1:0.2至1比例混合,於60至120℃之溫度中及引發劑的作用下進行鹵代反應0.5至5小時,以獲得中間鹵化產物;以及使該中間鹵化產物與順丁烯二酸以質量比1:1.5至10比例混合,於120至150℃之溫度下反應1至3小時後,再升溫至200至280℃執行聚合反應2至8小時,經除水後獲得該成型優化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,該多元醇係選自由乙二醇、1,2一丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、一縮二丙二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及甘油所組成群組之至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,該基材層係由下述成份所組成:100質量份之聚氯乙烯樹脂或粉末;210至270質量份之石粉或木屑;0至80質量份之珍珠岩;2至6質量份之穩定劑;0.2至0.8質量份之硬脂酸;0.2至0.8質量份之聚乙烯蠟;1至5質量份之氯化聚乙烯;0.5至2質量份之丙烯酸酯類(ACR)改性劑;1至5質量份之鈦白粉;0.01至0.05質量份之增白劑;以及0.1至0.5質量份之成型優化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,該功能層係選自由花紋層、耐磨層、塗料層、貼面層、保溫層、防水層、止滑層及黏合層所組成群組之至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,該功能層係選自由木質、無紡布、竹質、木板、竹板、金屬板、環保塑木(WPC)板、聚氯乙烯板、頂級聚乙烯板(LVT)、矽酸鈣板、鋁塑板、塑膠板、聚氯乙烯卷材、竹木複合板、鋁鎂板、木塑板、石材板、火山石灰板、碳酸矽鈣板、塑膠膜、石膏板、玻璃板、泡沫板、三聚氰胺板、聚氯乙烯耐磨層、聚氯乙烯花紋紙、聚氯乙烯墊層及聚乙烯膜所組成群組之至少一種的複合材料所製造而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之複合板材,其中,於該基材層與該功能層之間復設有交聯層,且當該功能層為多層時,各功能層中之二層或多層之間復設有交聯層,其中,該交聯層係用以加固所接連之該二層結構間之結合強度。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之複合板材,其中,該交聯層係由下述成分經擠出成型而製得:100質量份之交聯基材粒子,其中,該交聯基材粒子係由多元酸、多元胺及氯乙烯以莫耳比1:0.1至10:1至10比例進行聚合反應,且經粉碎過篩/造粒所製得;50至70質量份選自之碳黑、白碳黑、鈦白粉、輕質碳酸鈣、矽酸及氧化矽中之至少一種的填料;以及1至10質量份之助劑,其中,該助劑係選自抗氧化劑、增塑劑、交聯劑、穩定劑、熱敏劑、顏料及表面活性劑中之至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之複合板材,其中,該交聯基材粒子之製備方法,係包括下列步驟:將該多元酸及多元胺依次投入反應釜內,於120至150℃之溫度進行初步反應1至3小時,其中,該多元酸係C2-C6的二元酸,且該多元胺係C2-C12的多元胺;經除水後,加入該氯乙烯並於220至280℃之溫度下高壓聚合反應0.5至5小時,以獲得一交聯基材;以及使該交聯基材冷卻後,經磨粉過篩製得該交聯基材粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項所述之複合板材,其中,該複合板材之各層之間係經至少一次的10至35℃之冷壓或60至180℃之熱壓,或於常溫下透過連續成型之方式所製備;其中,該冷壓或熱壓之壓力為8至12公斤/平方公分,且該冷壓或熱壓之時間為10至100分鐘。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項所述之複合板材,其中,該複合板材之最上層復設有紫外線(UV)固化塗層,且該紫外光固化塗層係於塗刷紫外光固化塗料後,經具200至450奈米波長之照明設備照射所固化而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之複合板材,其中,該紫外光固化塗料係由下述成分所組成:30至50重量%之共聚物,其中,該共聚物係由選自丙烯酸酐、烷基丙烯酸酐及2,4-戊二烯酸所組成群組之至少一種、與胺基酸中之至少一種、與順丁二烯及/或反式丁二烯、及選自C3-C6之二元醇及C5-C6之四元醇所組成群組之至少一種進行共聚反應所得之寡聚物;40至60重量%之活性單體,其中,該活性單體係為丙烯酸酯中之至少一種;3至10重量%之光引發劑,其中,該光引發劑係為自由基光引發劑中之至少一種;以及1至10重量%之助劑,其中,該助劑係選自附著力促進劑、消泡劑、流平劑、潤濕劑及抗氧劑中之至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之複合板材,其中,該活性單體係由選自丙烯酸、烷基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酐、烷基丙烯酸酐、2,4-戊二烯酸、2,4-戊二烯酸酐所組成群組之至少一種、與選自C1-C12之一元醇、C1-C12之二元醇、C1-C12之三元醇、C1-C12之四元醇所組成群組之至少一種進行酯化反應所得之至少一種產物;該消泡劑係為矽酮類消泡劑;該流平劑係為有機矽類流平劑;該潤濕劑係為改性的聚二甲基矽氧烷;該抗氧劑係為受阻酚類抗氧劑;以及該光引發劑係選自2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮、1-羥基-環己基苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基-二苯基氧化膦、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)苯基氧化膦、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮及2-苯基苄-2-二甲基胺-1-(4-嗎啉苄苯基)丁酮所組成群組之至少一種。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之複合板材,其中,該紫外光固化塗料復包括具粒徑分布為20至300微米之氧化鋁顆粒及/或金鋼砂顆粒。
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