TWI660961B - 製造用於填充表面特徵的低k膜的前驅物及流動cvd方法 - Google Patents

製造用於填充表面特徵的低k膜的前驅物及流動cvd方法 Download PDF

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TWI660961B
TWI660961B TW106137457A TW106137457A TWI660961B TW I660961 B TWI660961 B TW I660961B TW 106137457 A TW106137457 A TW 106137457A TW 106137457 A TW106137457 A TW 106137457A TW I660961 B TWI660961 B TW I660961B
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plasma
group
silicon
hydrogen
film
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TW201821432A (zh
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滿超 蕭
丹尼爾P 史賓西
理查 何
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美商慧盛材料美國責任有限公司
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Abstract

一種用以沈積含矽膜的方法,該方法包括:將一包含至少一種表面特徵的基材放進一流動CVD反應器中;將至少一種含矽化合物及至少一種多官能基有機胺化合物引進該反應器中,以讓該至少一種含矽化合物至少部分反應以形成一流動液體寡聚物,其中該流動液體寡聚物在該基材上形成一氧化矽塗層及至少部分填充該至少一種表面特徵的至少一部分。一旦硬化,該碳氮化矽塗層具有優良的機械性質。

Description

製造用於填充表面特徵的低K膜的前驅物及流動CVD方法 相關申請案之相互參照
本申請案在35 U.S.C.§119(e)下主張2016年11月1日提出之美國臨時專利申請案案號62/415,756的優先權,其全文以參考之方式併入本文。
本發明係關於一種製造用於填充表面特徵的低k膜的前驅物及流動CVD方法。
本文描述出一種用以製造電子裝置的方法。更特別是,本文描述出一種用以在沈積方法,諸如例如,流動化學氣相沈積法中形成含矽,及特別是,無氧或實質上無氧含矽膜的組成物。可使用本文所描述的組成物及方法進行沈積之範例性含矽膜包括氮化矽及摻雜碳的氮化矽膜(碳氮化矽)。
流動氧化物沈積方法典型使用烷氧基矽烷化合 物作為含矽膜的前驅物,其中該膜係藉由經控制的水解及縮合反應進行沈積。此膜可例如藉由將水及烷氧基矽烷的混合物,選擇性與溶劑及/或其它添加劑諸如界面活性劑及多孔質(porogens)施加到基材上來沈積到基材上。用以施加這些混合物的典型方法包括旋轉塗佈法、浸沾塗佈法、噴灑塗佈法、絹版印刷法、共凝結法及噴墨印刷法。在施加至基材後及在施加一或多種能量來源,諸如例如,熱、電漿及/或其它來源後,於該混合物內的水可與烷氧基矽烷反應以水解該烷氧化物及/或芳基氧化物基團而產生矽烷醇物種,其與其它水解分子進一步縮合而形成寡聚性或網狀結構。
除了將該前驅物物理沈積或施加至基材外,已經對流動沈積介電質描述出使用水與含矽蒸氣來源的氣相沈積方法(FCVD),例如,在美國專利案號7,541,297、8,449,942、8,629,067、8,741,788、8,481,403、8,580,697、8,685,867、7,498,273、7,074,690、7,582,555、7,888,233及7,915,131,和美國公開案號2013/0230987 A1中,此等揭示係以參考之方式併入本文。典型的方法普遍關於以固體介電材料填充在基材上的間隙,其係藉由在間隙中形成一流動液體膜而進行。該流動膜係藉由讓一可具有Si-C鍵的介電質前驅物與一氧化劑反應以形成一介電材料而形成。在某些具體實例中,該介電質前驅物凝結及隨後與氧化劑反應而形成介電材料。在某些具體實例中,蒸氣相反應物進行反應而形成凝結的流動膜。因為Si-C鍵對於與水反應係呈相對惰性,所產生的網狀物可有益地以有機官能基官能化而對所產生的膜授予想要的化學及 物理性質。例如,將碳加入至該網狀物可降低所產生的膜之介電常數。
另一種使用流動化學氣相沈積方法來沈積氧化矽膜之方法係氣相聚合。例如,先述技藝已聚焦在使用諸如三甲矽基胺(TSA)之化合物來沈積含Si、H、N寡聚物,其隨後使用臭氧曝露來氧化成SiOx膜。此等方法之實施例包括:美國公開案號2014/0073144;美國公開案號2013/230987;美國專利案號7,521,378、US 7,557,420及8,575,040;及美國專利案號7,825,040,此等揭示係以參考之方式併入本文。
考慮到使用三甲矽基胺(TSA)的方法,典型會以氣體將TSA傳遞進反應艙中與氨混合,其中氨係在遠程電漿反應器中活化而產生NH2、NH、H及或N自由基或離子。該TSA與經電漿活化的氨反應及開始寡聚化而形成較高分子量的TSA二聚物及三聚物或包括Si、N及H的其它物種。將基材放在該反應器中,及於某一艙壓及TSA/經活化的氨混合物下冷卻至範圍約0至約50℃的一或多種溫度,該寡聚物開始以它們可”流動”之此方式凝結在晶圓表面上而填充該溝槽表面特徵。以此方式,將包括Si、N及H的材料沈積到晶圓上及填充溝槽。在某些具體實例中,進行預退火步驟以允許該膜更像SiN。想要具有SiN材料,因為下一個製程步驟係在範圍100-700℃之一或多種溫度下使用臭氧或水進行氧化。因為SiN的鍵距及鍵角,已知當SiN被氧化成SiO2時,會有單位晶胞體積增加而防止該膜收縮。
雖然最近在技藝中有與流動化學氣相沈積及其 它膜沈積方法相關的活動,但問題仍然存在。這些問題之一係與膜組成物相關。例如,以氣相聚合方法從三甲矽基胺(TSA)前驅物沈積的流動氧化物膜產生具有高Si-H鍵密度之膜,其在稀HF溶液中的溼式蝕刻速率係比高品質熱氧化物快2.2至2.5倍。此膜不合適於低k膜應用。
在許多情況中,可對該流動膜施加一硬化方法,包括熱退火、UV硬化或離子/自由基緻密化。該硬化方法可從所沈積的材料移除碳基團、羥基及較小分子量之物種。參照圖1,此經常在該硬化的材料中遺留下空洞、裂痕或間隔。此膜亦不合適於低k膜應用。
於技藝中有需要提供一種可允許更有效地控制包含在該摻雜碳的含矽膜中之碳含量的新穎前驅物或前驅物組合。此外,在技藝中對提供一種用以流動沈積摻雜碳的含矽膜之前驅物組成物有持續性需求,其中與單獨使用各別前驅物沈積的膜比較,該組成物能提供一種具有下列一或多種屬性之膜:較低相對蝕刻速率、較大疏水性、較高沈積速率、較高密度。
於本文中所描述的組成物或調配物及使用其之方法係藉由在至少一部分的基材表面上沈積一含矽膜克服先述技藝之問題,其中該膜在沈積後處理後提供想要的膜性質。
在一個態樣中,於本文中所描述的開發提供一種用以沈積含矽膜的方法,該方法包括:將一包含至少一種表 面特徵的基材放進一反應器中;將至少一種具有式I之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物:(R1R2N)4-nSi-R3 n (I),其中R1、R2及R3係選自於由氫、C1至C10線性或分枝的烷基、環烷基、烯基、炔基及芳基所組成之群,及n=0、1、2、3,其中R1、R2及R3之至少一個不為氫;與至少一種具有式II之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物引進該反應器中:NR4R5R6 (II),其中R4、R5及R6各者各自獨立地選自於由H、C1-C4烷基單胺基、C1-C4烷基二胺基及C1-C4烷基三胺基所組成之群,其中R4、R5及R6之至少一個不為氫;及於能量來源選擇性存在下,讓該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物與該多官能基有機胺化合物至少部分地反應以形成一流動液體寡聚物,其中該流動液體寡聚物在該基材上形成一塗層及至少部分填充該至少一種表面特徵之至少一部分。
在另一個態樣中,本開發之方法進一步包含一讓該塗層於約100℃至約1000℃間之一或多種溫度下接受熱處理的步驟,以緻密化該塗層的至少一部分及形成一硬化層。
在又另一個態樣中,本開發之方法進一步包含一讓該硬化層曝露至選自於由電漿、紅外光、化學處理、電子束或UV光所組成之群的能量來源之步驟,以形成最後含矽膜。
將從下列較佳具體實例的更詳細說明與藉由實施例闡明本發明之原理的伴隨圖形連起來明瞭本發明之其它特徵及優點。本發明之具體實例及特徵可單獨或彼此組合著 使用。
於此之後,本發明將與附加的圖形連起來進行說明,其中類似的數字被用於標示類似的元件:圖1係一SEM顯微圖,其顯示出在基材的溝槽中形成之氧化矽膜,其中於硬化方法期間形成空洞;圖2係一SEM影像,其顯示出沈積在10:1及5:1縱深比率的晶圓溝槽中之材料的截面圖;及圖3係一SEM影像,其顯示出沈積在10:1及5:1縱深比率的晶圓溝槽中之材料的截面圖,其具有許多空洞。
接著發生的詳細說明僅提供較佳的範例性具體實例及不意欲限制本發明之範圍、可行性或組態。而且,接著發生之較佳範例性具體實的詳細說明例將提供熟習該項技術者一用以執行本發明的較佳範例性具體實例之促成性說明。可在元件的功能及安排上製得多種變化而沒有離開本發明如於附加的申請專利範圍中所提出之精神及範圍。
在申請專利範圍中,可使用字母來辨認所主張的方法步驟(例如,a,b及c)。這些字母係使用來輔助指出該方法步驟而不意欲指示出進行所主張的步驟之順序,除非及僅有至此順序係在申請專利範圍中有特別敘述出的程度。
於本文中所描述的組成物或調配物及使用其之 方法係藉由在至少一部分的基材表面上沈積一含矽膜克服先述技藝之問題,其中該膜在沈積後處理後提供想要的膜性質。
本發明係有關一種半導體膜製程技術。本發明描述出一種用以改良介電膜品質使其形態適應於多種元件結構的方法及系統。更特別的是,本發明之具體實例提供一種形成具有增加密度的含矽膜之方法及系統,以對具有高縱深比率的溝槽達成無空洞間隙填充。例如,除了別的應用以外,本發明係應用來形成用以填充窄STI溝槽的高品質含矽膜。
此外,在一個態樣中,本開發提供一種用以沈積含矽膜的方法,該方法包括:將一包含至少一種表面特徵的基材放進一反應器中;將至少一種具有式I之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物:(R1R2N)4-nSi-R3 n (I),其中R1、R2及R3係選自於由氫、C1至C10線性或分枝的烷基、環烷基、烯基、炔基及芳基所組成之群,及n=0、1、2、3,其中R1、R2及R3之至少一個不為氫;與至少一種具有式II之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物引進該反應器中:NR4R5R6(II),其中R4、R5及R6各者各自獨立地選自於由H、C1-C4烷基單胺基、C1-C4烷基二胺基及C1-C4烷基三胺基所組成之群,其中R4、R5及R6之至少一個不為氫;及於能量來源選擇性存在下,讓該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物與該多官能基有機胺化合物至少部分地反應以形成一流動液體寡聚物,其中該流動液體寡聚物在該基材上形成一塗層及至少部分填充該至少一種 表面特徵的至少一部分。
該含矽膜係選自於由下列所組成之群:氮化矽、碳化矽及摻雜碳的氮化矽。該組成物可係預混合的組成物、預混合物(在使用於該沈積方法前混合)或就地混合物(在沈積方法期間混合)。因此,在本揭示中,用語”混合物”、”調配物”及”組成物”可互換。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用於R1、R2及R3的用語”烷基”各別指示為具有1至10或3至10個碳原子的線性或分枝官能基。範例性線性烷基包括但不限於甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基及己基。範例性分枝烷基包括但不限於異丙基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、異戊基、三級戊基、異己基及新己基。在某些具體實例中,該烷基可具有一或多個官能基接附於此,諸如但不限於烷氧基、二烷基胺基、碳甲矽基或其組合。在其它具體實例中,該烷基不具有一或多個官能基接附於此。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”環烷基”指示為具有3至10或4至10個碳原子的環狀官能基。範例性環烷基包括但不限於環丁基、環戊基、環己基及環辛基。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”芳基”指示為具有5至10個碳原子的芳香族環狀官能基。範例性芳基包括但不限於苯基、苄基、氯苄基、甲苯基及鄰-茬基。在某些具體實例中,該芳香族環狀基團可具有其它元素,諸如氧或氮。此基團的範例包括但不限於吡咯基(pyrollyl)、呋喃基、吡啶基、噠基。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”烯基”指示為具有一或多個碳碳雙鍵且具有2至10或2至6個碳原子之基團。範例性烯基包括但不限於乙烯基或烯丙基。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”炔基”指示為具有一或多個碳碳三鍵且具有2至10或2至6個碳原子的基團。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”碳矽烷”指示為包含碳、氫及矽且具有1至10個碳原子及1至10個矽原子的有機矽烷,及其包括至少一個Si--C鍵。該碳矽烷的實施例包括但不限於甲基矽烷、乙基矽烷、二乙基矽烷、二甲基矽烷、三乙基矽烷、1,2-二甲基二矽烷、1,4-二矽丁烷、2-甲基-1,3-二矽丙烷、1,3-二矽丙烷、1-矽環戊烷、1-甲基-1-矽環戊烷、1-矽環丁烷、1,3-二矽環丁烷及苯基矽烷。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”碳甲矽基”指示為包含碳、氫及矽且具有1至10個碳原子及1至10個矽原子的有機甲矽基,及其包括至少一個Si--C鍵。該碳甲矽基的實施例包括但不限於甲基甲矽基(--SiMeH2)、乙基甲矽基(--SiEtH2)、二乙基甲矽基(--SiEt2H)、二甲基甲矽基(--SiMe2H)、三乙基甲矽基(--SiEt3)、三甲基甲矽基(--SiMe3)、1,2-二甲基二甲矽基(--SiMeHSiMeH2)、1,4-二矽丁基(--SiH2CH2CH2SiH3)、二甲基乙烯基甲矽基(--SiMe2CH=CH2)及苯基甲矽基(--SiPhH2)。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”甲矽基”指示為未經取代的甲矽基(--SiH3)。
在上述式及遍及該說明中,用語”有機胺基”指示 為可具有1至10,或1至4個碳原子的二烷基胺基、烷基胺基或芳基烷基胺基。範例性有機胺基包括但不限於二甲基胺基(Me2N--)、二乙基胺基(Et2N--)、二異丙基胺基(iPr2N--)、異丙基-二級丁基胺基、N-二級丁基-N-異丙基胺基、1-(N-乙基-N-環己基)胺基、N-苯基-N-異丙基胺基、三級丁基胺基(tBuNH--)、三級戊基胺基(tAmNH--)、正丙基胺基(nPrNH--)及異丙基胺基(iPrNH--)。
在某些具體實例中,於式中的一或多個烷基或芳基可”經取代”或具有一或多個置換例如氫原子的取代原子或原子團。範例性取代基包括但不限於氧、硫、鹵素原子(例如,F、Cl、I或Br)、氮、烷基及磷。在其它具體實例中,於式中之一或多個烷基、烯基、炔基、芳香族及/或芳基可未經取代。
在本開發之方法中,典型來說,第一步驟為將一包含至少一種表面特徵的基材放進一反應器中。該基材溫度可係例如約-20℃至約400℃。在某些具體實例中,該基材溫度係約-20℃至約150℃。在其它具體實例中,該基材溫度係約20℃至約100℃。在又其它具體實例中,該基材溫度係約10℃至約150℃。在又其它具體實例中,該基材溫度係約-20℃至約100℃。在更其它具體實例中,該基材溫度係在室溫(即,週溫)下。通常來說,該基材溫度將以達成所使用的前驅物之想要的行為為基準。例如,若該基材溫度對所提供的反應物組係太高時,該反應物產物將凝膠化而不會適當地流動填充在基材的特徵中。
合適的基材包括但不限於半導體材料,諸如砷化 鎵(”GaAs”)、氮化硼(”BN”)、矽及包含矽的組成物,諸如結晶矽、多晶矽、非晶矽、磊晶矽、二氧化矽(”SiO2”)、碳化矽(”SiC”)、氧碳化矽(”SiOC”)、氮化矽(”SiN”)、碳氮化矽(”SiCN”)、有機矽酸鹽玻璃(”OSG”)、有機氟矽酸鹽玻璃(”OFSG”)、氟矽酸鹽玻璃(”FSG”)及其它適當的基材或其混合物。該基材可進一步包含多種層且對其施加該膜,其中該層有諸如例如抗反射塗層、光阻、有機聚合物、多孔有機及無機材料;金屬,諸如銅及鋁;或擴散障蔽層,例如,TiN、Ti(C)N、TaN、Ta(C)N、Ta、W、WN、TiSiN、TaSiN、SiCN、TiSiCN、TaSiCN或W(C)N。較佳的是,本發明的有機矽酸鹽玻璃膜能黏附至前述材料之至少一種至足以通過習知的拉力測試,諸如ASTM D3359-95a膠帶拉力測試。
在某些具體實例中,該基材包含一表面特徵。如於本文中所使用,用語”表面特徵”意謂著該基材或經部分製造的基材包含下列之一或多種:孔洞、溝槽、淺溝隔絕層(STI)、通道、凹腔特徵或其類似特徵。在一個特別的具體實例中,該表面特徵具有寬度100微米或較少,寬度1微米或較少,或寬度0.5微米或較少,或寬度50奈米或較少。在此或其它具體實例中,該表面特徵的縱深比率(深度對寬度比率),若存在時,係0.1:1或較大,或1:1或較大,或10:1或較大,或20:1或較大,或40:1或較大。該基材可係單晶矽晶圓、碳化矽晶圓、氧化鋁(藍寶石)晶圓、玻璃薄片、金屬箔、有機聚合物膜;或可係聚合物、玻璃、矽或金屬的3維物件。該基材可塗佈有多種在技藝中熟知的材料,包括氧化矽、氮化矽、 非晶相碳、氧碳化矽、氧氮化矽、碳化矽、砷化鎵、氮化鎵膜及其類似膜。這些塗層可完全被覆該基材、可呈多種材料的多重層及可經部分蝕刻以曝露出下面材料層。該表面亦可在其上面具有一光阻材料,其已經進行圖案曝光及顯影而部分被覆該基材。
該使用來形成於本文中所描述的膜或塗層之方法係流動化學沈積方法。合適於本文所揭示的方法之沈積方法的實施例包括但不限於熱化學氣相沈積(CVD)或電漿輔助循環CVD(PECCVD)方法。範例性流動CVD反應器係揭示在美國公開案號2014/0073144中。如於本文中所使用,用語”流動化學氣相沈積方法”指為將基材曝露至一或多種揮發性前驅物,讓其在該基材表面上進行反應及/或分解以提供流動寡聚性含矽物種,然後在進一步處理後產生該固體膜或材料之任何方法。雖然於本文中所使用的前驅物、試劑及來源有時可描述為”氣體”,要了解的是,該前驅物可係液體或固體,其係經由直接蒸發、吹泡或昇華而以或不以惰性氣體運送進反應器中。在某些情況中,該經蒸發的前驅物可通過電漿產生器。在一個具體實例中,該膜係使用電漿基底(例如,遠程產生或就地)的CVD方法沈積。如於本文中所使用,用語”反應器”包括但不限於反應艙或沈積艙。
在某些具體實例中,該基材可曝露至一或多種沈積後處理,諸如但不限於電漿處理、熱處理、化學處理、紫外光曝光、電子束曝光及其組合以影響該膜的一或多種性質。這些沈積後處理可在選自於惰性、氧化及/或還原之環境 下進行。
本開發的方法包括將至少一種具有式I之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物:(R1R2N)4-nSi-R3 n (I),其中R1、R2及R3係選自於由氫、C1至C10線性或分枝烷基、環烷基、烯基、炔基及芳基所組成之群,及n=0、1、2、3,其中R1、R2及R3之至少一個不為氫;與至少一種具有式II之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物引進該反應器中的步驟:NR4R5R6(II),其中R4、R5及R6各者各自獨立地選自於由H、C1-C4烷基單胺基、C1-C4烷基二胺基及C1-C4烷基三胺基所組成之群,其中R4、R5及R6之至少一個不為氫。式I及式II的化合物之一種或二者於本文中亦指為”前驅物”。
雖然於本文中所使用的化學試劑(即,式I及II那些)有時可描述為”氣體”,要了解的是,該化學試劑可以氣體直接傳遞至反應器、以液體傳遞至反應器、以來自蒸發的液體或使用諸如氮、氦或氬之載劑氣體吹泡的液體蒸氣、來自昇華的固體及/或由惰性載劑氣體運送之蒸氣傳遞進反應器中。
在某些具體實例中,於上述式中的取代基R1、R2及R3之任何一或多個當它們非為氫時,其可與在上述式中的C-C鍵連結以形成一環結構。如熟練的人士將了解,該取代基可選自於線性或分枝的C1至C10伸烷基部分;C2至C12伸烯基部分;C2至C12伸炔基部分;C4至C10環烷基部分;及C6至C10伸 芳基部分。在這些具體實例中,該環結構可係不飽和,諸如例如,環烷基環;或飽和,例如,芳基環。再者,在這些具體實例中,該環結構亦可經取代或未經取代。在其它具體實例中,該取代基R1、R2及R3之任何一或多個未進行連結。
在較佳的具體實例中,該式I之有機矽化合物係選自於由下列所組成之群的至少一種:雙(三級丁基胺基)矽烷、二異丙基胺基矽烷、三正丙基胺基矽烷、四正丙基胺基矽烷及三異丙基胺基矽烷。
該式I之有機矽化合物的額外實施例有列在表1中之有機胺基矽烷及表2之有機胺基碳矽烷(更特別是,有機胺基-甲基矽烷)化合物:
該多官能基胺化合物係由式II表示的化合物,NR4R5R6,其中R4、R5及R6各者各自獨立地選自於由H、烷基單胺基、烷基二胺基及烷基三胺基所組成之群。參照先前式II之胺化合物,合適於該烷基單胺基、烷基二胺基及烷基三胺基之烷基部分的烷基包括直或枝鏈C1-C4烷基。該烷基單胺基、烷基二胺基及烷基三胺基的胺基部分包括一級、二級及三級胺和較高烷基胺基官能基,諸如二及三胺。例如,此式II之多官能基有機胺的實施例包括: N,N-雙(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺; N-(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺; N1,N2-雙(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺;
具有式II之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物之其它範例包括例如乙二胺、1,2-二胺基丙烷、1,3-二胺基丙烷、2,3-二胺基丁烷及丁烷-1,4-二胺。在較佳的具體實例中,該式II之多官能基有機胺係乙二胺。
可將本文所描述的前驅物化合物傳遞至反應 艙,諸如CVD或ALD反應器。在一個具體實例中,可使用液體傳遞系統。在任擇的具體實例中,可使用一結合液體傳遞與閃蒸方法的單元,諸如例如,由MSP Corporation of Shoreview,MN製造的渦輪蒸發器,以便能夠容積地傳遞低揮發性材料,此導致可再生性運送及沈積而沒有前驅物熱分解。在液體傳遞調配物中,於本文中描述的前驅物可以純淨液體形式傳遞,或任擇地,可以包含其之溶劑調配物或組成物使用。因此,在某些具體實例中,該前驅物調配物可包括溶劑組分,其具有如可於所提供的末端使用應用中想要及優良以在基材上形成膜之合適特徵。
式I的含矽前驅物化合物較佳為實質上無鹵化物離子,諸如氯化物;或金屬離子,諸如Al。如於本文中所使用,當與鹵化物離子(或鹵化物),諸如例如,氯化物及氟化物、溴化物、碘化物;Al3+離子、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ni2+、Cr3+相關時,用語”實質上無”意謂著少於5ppm(以重量計),較佳為少於3ppm,及更佳為少於1ppm,及最佳為0ppm。已知氯化物或金屬離子作用為矽前驅物的分解觸媒。在最後產物中,明顯的氯化物程度可造成矽前驅物降解。矽前驅物逐步降解可直接衝擊該膜沈積方法,使得半導體製造商難以滿足膜規格。此外,較高的矽前驅物降解速率會負面衝擊閑置壽命或穩定性,因此難以保證1-2年的閑置壽命。再者,已知矽前驅物會在分解後形成易燃及/或可自燃氣體,諸如氫及矽烷。因此,該含矽前驅物之加速分解存在有與這些易燃及/或可自燃氣體副產物之形成相關的安全性及性能關心。
可藉由下列方式達成根據本發明之實質上無鹵化物的含矽前驅物:(1)減少或消除在化學合成期間的氯化物來源;及/或(2)執行有效的純化方法從粗產物移除氯化物,使得最後經純化的產物實質上無氯化物。該氯化物來源可藉由在合成期間使用不包括諸如氯二矽烷類、溴二矽烷類或碘二矽烷類的鹵化物試劑,因此避免產生包括鹵化物離子之副產物而減少。此外,前述提及的試劑應該實質上無氯化物雜質,使得所產生的粗產物實質上無氯化物雜質。以類似的方式,該合成應該不使用鹵化物基底的溶劑、觸媒或包括無法接受的高程度鹵化物污染物之溶劑。該粗產物亦可藉由多種純化方法處理以提供最後產物實質上無鹵化物,諸如氯化物。此等方法在先述技藝中有充分描述,及可包括但不限於純化方法,諸如蒸餾或吸附。通常使用蒸餾,利用沸點差異來分離雜質與想要的產物。亦可使用吸附,利用該等組分的不同吸附性質實現分離,使得最後產物實質上無鹵化物。可使用吸附劑來移除諸如氯化物之鹵化物,諸如例如,可商業購得的MgO-Al2O3摻合物。
對與包含溶劑及至少一種於本文中所描述的含矽化合物之組成物相關的那些具體實例來說,所選擇的溶劑或其混合物不會與該矽化合物反應。在該組成物中,該溶劑之量範圍以重量百分比計係0.5重量%至99.5%或10重量%至75%。在此或其它具體實例中,該溶劑具有沸點(b.p.)類似於式I及II之前驅物的b.p.,或在該溶劑的b.p.與式I及II之矽前驅物的b.p.間之差異係40℃或較少,30℃或較少,或20℃或較 少,10℃或較少,或5℃或較少。任擇地,在沸點間的差異範圍係下列終點之任何一或多個:0、10、20、30或40℃。合適的b.p.差異範圍之實施例包括但不限於0℃至40℃,20℃至30℃,或10℃至30℃。在該組成物中,合適的溶劑實施例包括但不限於醚(諸如1,4-二氧六圜、二丁基醚)、三級胺(諸如吡啶、1-甲基哌啶、1-乙基哌啶、N,N’-二甲基哌、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺)、腈(諸如苯甲腈)、烷基烴(諸如辛烷、壬烷、十二烷、乙基環己烷)、芳香烴(諸如甲苯、均三甲苯)、三級胺基醚(諸如雙(2-二甲基胺基乙基)醚)或其混合物。
在一個特別的具體實例中,該引進步驟係將式I及式II之化合物引進反應器中,且如上述提到般選擇該反應器的基材溫度。在這些或其它具體實例中,該基材包含一包括表面特徵的半導體基材,其中在某些具體實例中,其目標為讓該流動反應物產物永久及完全地填入該表面特徵中。
本開發之方法包括於一能量來源選擇性存在下,讓式I及式II的化合物至少部分地反應以形成流動液體寡聚物之步驟,其中該流動液體寡聚物在該基材上形成一塗層及至少部分填充該至少一種表面特徵的至少一部分。當使用時,該能量來源可引發反應及在該基材上形成含矽膜或塗層。此能量可由下列之一或多種提供,但不限於:熱(即,加熱)、電漿、脈衝電漿、螺旋電漿、高密度電漿、誘導耦合電漿、X射線、e-束、光子、遠程電漿方法及其組合。在使用電漿的某些具體實例中,可使用二次RF頻率來源修改在基材表面處之電漿特徵。在該沈積包括電漿的具體實例中,該電漿 產生方法可包含電漿係於反應器中直接產生之直接電漿產生方法,或任擇地電漿係在反應器外部產生及供應進反應器中的遠程電漿產生方法。
在使用熱作為能量來源的一個特別具體實例中,該熱量較佳為足以達成溫度約-20℃至約200℃。更特別是,溫度範圍-20℃至20℃,20℃至60℃,及60℃至100℃。
在某些具體實例中,不使用能量來源及於週圍(即,室)溫度下發生反應。
在使用電漿的一個特別具體實例中,該電漿係選自於由下列所組成之群,但不限於:氮電漿、包含氮及氦的電漿、包含氮及氬的電漿、氨電漿、包含氨及氦的電漿、包含氨及氬的電漿、氦電漿、氬電漿、氫電漿、包含氫及氦的電漿、包含氫及氬的電漿、包含氨及氫的電漿、有機胺電漿、包含氧的電漿、包含氧及氫的電漿及其混合物。
在另一個具體實例中,該電漿來源係選自於由碳來源電漿所組成之群,包括但不限於:烴電漿、包含烴及氦的電漿、包含烴及氬的電漿、二氧化碳電漿、一氧化碳電漿、包含烴及氫的電漿、包含烴及氮來源的電漿、包含烴及氧來源的電漿及其混合物。
在某些具體實例中,於熱能量後使用電漿能量。
如先前提到,該方法在包含表面特徵的基材之至少一部分表面上沈積一膜。將該基材放進反應器中及將該基材維持在範圍約-20℃至約400℃之一或多種溫度下。在一個特別的具體實例中,基材的溫度係低於艙壁。將基材溫度保持 在溫度低於100℃,較佳為溫度低於25℃及最佳為低於10℃及高於-20℃。
在某些具體實例中,該反應器係在壓力低於大氣壓或750托耳(105巴斯卡(pascals)(Pa))或較低,或100托耳(13332Pa)或較低下。在其它具體實例中,將反應器的壓力維持在約0.1托耳(13Pa)至約10托耳(1333Pa)之範圍。
在某些具體實例中,於能量存在下,該式I及式II之含矽化合物彼此反應及形成寡聚物,其以液體(液體寡聚物)凝結在基材表面上及至少部分填充在基材的特徵中。但是,直接使用如所沈積的膜可產生一太多孔且不具有適當的機械強度之介電質。因此,施用本開發的某些具體實例以對如所沈積的氧化矽層進行進一步處理,以改良膜品質而具有增加的密度及又達成無空洞間隙填充。
在較佳的具體實例中,於範圍約100℃至約1000℃之一或多種溫度下熱退火該流動液體寡聚物以緻密化該材料的至少一部分,接著在100℃至1000℃之溫度範圍下進行寬帶UV處理。
對氮化矽或摻雜碳的氮化矽來說,該膜密度範圍典型為1.8至2.8克/立方公分。因此,此膜係合適於使用作為低k材料應用。對摻雜碳的氧化矽來說,所達成之介電質常數k的典型範圍係2.5至2.8,或2.5至3.9。
在某些具體實例中,可將所產生的含矽膜或塗層曝露至沈積後處理,諸如但不限於電漿處理,包括但不限於氫電漿、氦電漿、氬電漿、氨電漿、水(H2O)電漿、氧電漿、 臭氧(O3)電漿、NO電漿、N2O電漿、一氧化碳(CO)電漿、二氧化碳(CO2)電漿及其組合;化學處理、紫外光曝光、紅外線曝光、電子束曝光及/或其它處理,以影響該膜的一或多種性質。
在某些具體實例中,將該熱處理後材料曝露至電漿、紅外光、化學處理、電子束或UV光以形成一緻密膜。
上述步驟為本文所描述的方法定義出一個循環;及可重覆該循環直到獲得想要的含矽膜厚度。在此或其它具體實例中,要了解的是,於本文中所描述的方法之步驟可以多種順序進行、可相繼或同時地進行(例如,在另一個步驟之至少一部分期間)及其任何組合。可藉由變化供應時間週期來進行供應該化合物及其它試劑的各別步驟,以改變所產生的含矽膜之化學計量組成物。
為了進一步闡明本發明的目的提供下列實施例,但是決不意欲限制其。
實施例
將流動化學氣相沈積(FCVD)膜沈積到中電阻率(8-12歐姆公分)單晶矽晶圓基材及Si圖案晶圓上。在某些實施例中,可將所產生的含矽膜或塗層曝露至沈積後處理,諸如但不限於電漿處理、熱處理、化學處理、紫外光曝光、紅外線曝光、電子束曝光及/或其它處理,以影響該膜的一或多種性質。可使用矽烷或TEOS製程套件,在Applied Materials Precision 5000系統之經修改的FCVD艙中進行沈積。該艙具有直接液體注入(DLI)傳遞能力。該前驅物係具有傳遞溫度與前 驅物沸點相依的液體。
為了沈積初始流動氮化物膜,典型的液體前驅物流速係100-5000毫克/分鐘,原位電漿功率密度係0.25-3.5瓦/平方公分,壓力係0.75-12托耳。為了緻密化如所沈積的流動膜,使用經修改的PECVD艙,於100~1000℃,較佳為300~400℃下,在真空中熱退火及/或UV硬化該膜。藉由SCI反射計或Woollam偏振光橢圓計測量厚度及在632奈米處的折射率(RI)。典型的膜厚度範圍係10至2000奈米。藉由Nicolet穿透式Fourier轉換紅外線光譜(FTIR)工具來測量及分析以矽為基礎的膜之鍵結性質及氫含量(Si-H、C-H及N-H)。全部密度測量係使用X射線反射率(XRR)達成。進行X射線光電子光譜(XPS)及二次離子質譜儀(SIMS)分析以決定該膜之元素組成物。藉由截面掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM),使用Hitachi S-4800系統,在解析度2.0奈米下觀察在圖形化的晶圓上之流動能力及間隙填充效應。藉由橢圓偏振孔隙度測量法測量該膜的多孔洞性。
使用實驗設計(DOE)方法進行流動CVD沈積。該實驗設計包括:前驅物流100至5000毫克/分鐘,較佳為500至2000毫克/分鐘;氧(或CO2)流0sccm至1000sccm,較佳為0至100sccm;壓力0.75至12托耳,較佳為6至10托耳;RF功率(13.56MHz)50至1000瓦,較佳為100~500瓦;低頻(LF)功率0至100瓦;及沈積溫度範圍-20至400℃,較佳為-20℃至40℃。使用DOE實驗來決定何種製程參數產生最理想具有好的流動能力之膜。
以BTBAS(二級矽烷)及EDA沈積低k膜
對2.0克(11.47毫莫耳)BTBAS(雙-三級丁基胺基矽烷)加入0.34克(5.74毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。在加入後觀察到氣泡及在16小時後,TGA/DSC分析指示出已經由於高剩餘質量發生聚合。藉由在真空下加熱移除揮發物及分離出白色固體。藉由FTIR使用KBr丸粒分析固體,及此顯示出Si-H、CHx和某些殘餘N-H。該固體的元素分析(EA)係27.80%碳、9.39%氫、27.01%氮及35.80%矽,假設剩餘為矽,與理論的SiCNH2網狀物比較,其經計算係21.40%碳、3.59%氫、24.96%氮及50.05%矽。
在另一個實驗中,對1.5克(8.60毫莫耳)BTBAS(雙-三級丁基胺基矽烷)加入0.25克(4.16毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。允許該混合物反應10分鐘,在此之後,將其沈積在圖形化的晶圓上及允許擱置5分鐘。然後,倒轉該晶圓以允許過量的反應混合物滴落,及在加熱板上於>150℃下退火該晶圓5分鐘。截面SEM影像圖顯示出在晶圓溝槽中無沈積的材料(無顯示出)。
以DIPAS(一級矽烷)及EDA沈積低k膜
對2.0克(15.23毫莫耳)DIPAS(二異丙基胺基矽烷)加入0.46克(7.62毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。在加入後觀察到氣泡及在16小時後,TGA/DSC分析指示出已經由於高剩餘質量發生聚合。藉由在真空下加熱移除揮發物及分離出白色固體。藉由FTIR使用KBr丸粒分析固體,及此顯示出 Si-H、CHx和某些殘餘N-H。該固體的EA係20.51%碳、7.77%氫、21.21%氮及50.51%矽,假設剩餘為矽,與理論SiCNH2網狀物比較,其經計算係21.40%碳、3.59%氫、24.96%氮及50.05%矽。
在另一個實驗中,對1.0克(7.62毫莫耳)DIPAS(二異丙基胺基矽烷)加入0.25克(4.16毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。允許該混合物反應10分鐘,在此之後,將其沈積在圖形化的晶圓上及允許擱置5分鐘。然後,倒轉該晶圓以允許過量的反應混合物滴落,及在加熱板上於>150℃下退火該晶圓5分鐘。所產生的膜黏而硬。圖2顯示出沈積材料在10:1及5:1縱深比率晶圓溝槽中之截面SEM影像圖。
以SN-426(四級矽烷)及EDA沈積低k膜
對4.0克(15.36毫莫耳)四正丙基胺基矽烷(SN-426)加入0.92克(15.36毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。藉由在大氣壓下於>130℃下加熱蒸餾移除揮發物及分離出白色固體。該固體的TGA/DSC顯示出其係大約50%揮發物與50%剩餘質量。藉由FTIR使用KBr丸粒分析固體及此顯示出CHX和某些殘餘N-H。
在另一個實驗中,對0.32克(1.23毫莫耳)SN-426(四正丙基胺基矽烷)加入0.08克(1.33毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。允許該混合物反應10分鐘,在此之後,將其沈積在圖形化的晶圓上及允許擱置5分鐘。然後,倒轉該晶圓以允許過量的反應混合物滴落,及在加熱板上於 >150℃下退火該晶圓5分鐘。截面SEM影像圖顯示出在晶圓溝槽中無沈積的材料(無顯示出)。
以SN-167(三級矽烷)及EDA沈積低k膜
對2.0克(9.84毫莫耳)三異丙基胺基矽烷(SN-167)加入1.78克(29.5毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。迴流該混合物4.5小時,然後,藉由在真空中於>60℃下加熱移除揮發物及分離出白色固體,其量為0.23克。該固體的TGA/DSC顯示出其不具揮發性而具有98%剩餘質量。藉由FTIR使用KBr丸粒分析固體及此顯示出Si-H與CHx。
在另一個實驗中,對1.06克(5.21毫莫耳)SN-167(三異丙基胺基矽烷)加入1.08克(17.97毫莫耳)乙二胺(EDA)(在分子篩上乾燥)。允許該混合物反應10分鐘,在此之後,將其沈積在圖形化的晶圓上及允許擱置5分鐘。然後,倒轉該晶圓以允許過量的反應混合物滴落,及在>150℃的加熱板上退火該晶圓5分鐘。圖3顯示出沈積在10:1及5:1縱深比率晶圓溝槽中的材料之截面SEM影像圖,其有許多空洞。
雖然上述已經與較佳具體實例連結描述出本發明之原理,要清楚了解的是,此描述僅係以實施例說明而非為限制本發明之範圍。

Claims (35)

  1. 一種用以沈積含矽膜的方法,該方法包含:將一包含至少一種表面特徵的基材放進一反應器中;將至少一種具有式I之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物:(R1R2N)4-nSi-R3 n (I),其中R1、R2及R3係選自於由氫、C1至C10線性或分枝烷基、環烷基、烯基、炔基及芳基所組成之群,及n=0、1、2、3,其中R1、R2及R3之至少一個不為氫;與至少一種具有式II之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物引進該反應器中:NR4R5R6 (II)其中R4、R5及R6各者各自獨立地選自於由H、C1-C4烷基單胺基、C1-C4烷基二胺基及C1-C4烷基三胺基所組成之群,其中R4、R5及R6之至少一個不為氫;及於能量來源選擇性存在下,讓該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物與該多官能基有機胺化合物至少部分反應以形成一流動液體寡聚物,其中該流動液體寡聚物在該基材上形成一塗層及至少部分填充該至少一種表面特徵的至少一部分。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該能量來源係存在。
  3. 如請求項2之方法,其中該能量來源係熱。
  4. 如請求項2之方法,其中該能量來源係電漿。
  5. 如請求項4之方法,其中該電漿係選自於由下列所組成之群:氮電漿、包含氮及氦的電漿、包含氮及氬的電漿、氨電漿、包含氨及氦的電漿、包含氨及氬的電漿、氦電漿、氬電漿、氫電漿、包含氫及氦的電漿、包含氫及氬的電漿、包含氨及氫的電漿、有機胺電漿、包含氧的電漿、包含氧及氫的電漿及其混合物。
  6. 如請求項4之方法,其中該電漿係選自於由碳電漿或烴電漿所組成之群:包含烴及氦的電漿、包含烴及氬的電漿、二氧化碳電漿、一氧化碳電漿、包含烴及氫的電漿、包含烴及氮的電漿、包含烴及氧的電漿及其混合物。
  7. 如請求項1之方法,更包含一讓該塗層在100℃至1000℃間之一溫度下接受熱處理的步驟,以緻密化該塗層的至少一部分及形成一硬化層。
  8. 如請求項7之方法,更包含一將該硬化層曝露至選自於由電漿、紅外光、化學處理、電子束或UV光所組成之群的能量之步驟,以形成最後含矽膜。
  9. 如請求項8之方法,其中上述步驟對該方法定義出一個循環及可重覆該循環直到獲得想要的含矽膜厚度。
  10. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種具有式(I)之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物係選自於由下列所組成之群:雙(三級丁基胺基)矽烷、二異丙基胺基矽烷、三正丙基胺基矽烷、四正丙基胺基矽烷及三異丙基胺基矽烷。
  11. 如請求項1之方法,其中該多官能基有機胺化合物係乙二胺。
  12. 如請求項11之方法,其中該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物係雙-三級丁基胺基矽烷(BTBAS)。
  13. 如請求項11之方法,其中該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物係二異丙基胺基矽烷(DIPAS)。
  14. 如請求項11之方法,其中該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物係四正丙基胺基矽烷。
  15. 如請求項11之方法,其中該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物係三異丙基胺基矽烷。
  16. 如請求項1之方法,其中該含矽膜係選自於由氮化矽、碳化矽及摻雜碳的氮化矽所組成之群。
  17. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵係選自於由孔洞、溝槽、淺溝隔絕層(STI)、通道及凹腔特徵所組成之群。
  18. 如請求項17之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有寬度100微米至50奈米。
  19. 如請求項18之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有寬度1微米至50奈米。
  20. 如請求項19之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有寬度0.5微米至50奈米。
  21. 如請求項20之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有寬度50奈米。
  22. 如請求項7之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有縱深比率0.1:1至40:1。
  23. 如請求項22之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有縱深比率1:1至40:1。
  24. 如請求項23之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有縱深比率10:1至40:1。
  25. 如請求項24之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有縱深比率20:1至40:1。
  26. 如請求項25之方法,其中該至少一種表面特徵具有縱深比率40:1。
  27. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種具有式(I)之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物係選自於由下列所組成之群:
  28. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種具有式(I)之結構的有機胺基矽烷化合物係一種選自於由下列所組成之群的有機胺基碳矽烷:
  29. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種具有式(II)之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物係選自於由下列所組成之群:N,N-雙(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺;N-(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺;N1,N2-雙(2-胺基乙基)-1,2-乙二胺;
  30. 如請求項1之方法,其中該至少一種具有式(II)之結構的多官能基有機胺化合物係選自於由下列所組成之群:乙二胺、1,2-二胺基丙烷、1,3-二胺基丙烷及丁烷-1,4-二胺。
  31. 如請求項2之方法,更包含將該至少一種有機胺基矽烷化合物與該多官能基有機胺化合物曝露至電漿能量來源。
  32. 如請求項1之方法,更包含一熱退火該流動液體寡聚物的步驟,其係在範圍100℃至1000℃之一溫度下熱退火以緻密化該材料的至少一部分,接著在100℃至1000℃之溫度範圍下進行寬帶UV處理。
  33. 如請求項1之方法,其中將所產生的含矽膜曝露至選自於由下列所組成之群的沈積後處理:氫電漿、氦電漿,氬電漿、氨電漿、水(H2O)電漿、氧電漿、臭氧(O3)電漿、NO電漿、N2O電漿、一氧化碳(CO)電漿、二氧化碳(CO2)電漿及其組合;化學處理、紫外光曝光、紅外線曝光及電子束曝光。
  34. 一種膜,其係藉由如請求項1之方法製造。
  35. 一種膜,其係藉由如請求項32之方法製造。
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