TWI659974B - 環氧樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物 - Google Patents
環氧樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI659974B TWI659974B TW104104023A TW104104023A TWI659974B TW I659974 B TWI659974 B TW I659974B TW 104104023 A TW104104023 A TW 104104023A TW 104104023 A TW104104023 A TW 104104023A TW I659974 B TWI659974 B TW I659974B
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- epoxy resin
- resin composition
- epoxy
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- curable resin
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADXGNEYLLLSOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tasosartan Chemical compound C12=NC(C)=NC(C)=C2CCC(=O)N1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=1N=NNN=1 ADXGNEYLLLSOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(C)=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明之目的在於提供一種耐熱性高且熱穩定性優異之高耐熱之環氧樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物。本發明之環氧樹脂由下述式(1)表示,於利用凝膠滲透層析法所測得之圖之總面積中,三環氧丙基醚體占40~75面積%,四環氧丙基醚體占12~40面積%,且三環氧丙基醚體與四環氧丙基醚體之合計為52~90面積%,該四環氧丙基醚體具有下述式(2)所表示之結構。
(式中,複數個存在之A、B如上所述,於*鍵結。又,G表示環氧丙基,m、n表示重複數目之平均值,表示0~5之數)
(式中,G表示環氧丙基)
Description
本發明係關於一種提供對電子材料用途、尤其是耐熱劣化性、耐熱分解較佳之硬化物的環氧樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物、及其硬化物。
硬化性樹脂組成物因作業性及其硬化物之優異電特性、耐熱性、接著性、耐濕性(耐水性)等,而被廣泛應用於電氣、電子零件、結構用材料、接著劑、塗料等領域。
然而近年來,於電氣、電子領域,伴隨其發展,要求以樹脂組成物之高純度化為首之耐濕性、密接性、介電特性、用以使填料(無機或有機填充劑)高填充之低黏度化、用以使成型週期縮短之反應性之提高等各特性之進一步提高。又,作為結構材,於航太材料、娛樂、運動器具用途等中,要求輕量且機械物性優異之材料。尤其於半導體密封領域、基板(基板自身或其周邊材料)中,隨著其半導體之變遷,薄層化、堆疊化、系統化、三維化不斷變得複雜,要求非常高水準之耐熱性或高流動性等要求特性(非專利文獻1)。再者,尤其隨著塑膠封裝向車輛用途之不斷擴大,耐熱性提高之要求變得更嚴格,要求高Tg且低線膨脹率之樹脂(非專利文獻2)。
非專利文獻1:“2008年STRJ報告 半導體藍圖專門委員會2008年度報告”、第8章、P1-17、[online]、2009年3月、JEITA(公司)電子資訊技術產業協會 半導體技術藍圖專門委員會,[2012年5月30日檢索],網際網路<URL:http://strj-jeita.elisasp.net/strj/nenjihoukoku-2008.cfm>
非專利文獻2:高倉信之等人、松下電工技報 車相關裝置技術 車輛用高溫動作IC、74號、日本、2001年5月31日、35-40頁
耐熱性為近年來尤其受重視之特性之一。雖然自先前以來,耐熱性一直受到重視,但通常若提昇耐熱性,則其他特性降低,故有即便耐熱性多少不滿足市場要求,但優先考慮其他特性而取得平衡之情況。然而,目前由於伴隨電子材料之處理資訊量增加之電流量之增加、或使用環境之嚴格性,故而必需耐熱性之用途不斷擴大。又,關於功率元件,因節能之問題,而SiC等可於高溫下驅動之用途中,要求周邊材料之耐熱性。
與耐熱性有取捨關係之特性之一有熱穩定性之特性(此處所謂耐熱性,通常係指玻璃轉移點(Tg))。通常作為提高環氧樹脂之耐熱性之手段,採取藉由提高環氧基之濃度(降低環氧當量)而提高交聯密度之方法。
於使用有該高耐熱之環氧樹脂之硬化物(例如三苯酚甲烷型環氧樹脂等)中,由於分子中具有大量環氧基,故於暴露於高溫之情形時,有容易分解之脂肪族鏈即源自環氧基之結構變得多於通常情況之傾向,故有雖然耐熱性方面特性提高,但熱穩定性方面特性降低之傾向。反之,於環氧鏈較少之例如苯酚芳烷基型之環氧樹脂之情形時,有熱分解不易進行,熱穩
定性變高之傾向,但另一方面,耐熱性降低。
本發明之目的在於提供一種耐熱性高並且熱穩定性優異之高耐熱之環氧樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物及其硬化物。
又,於光學用途中,尤其關於LED等強度較強之照明之周邊構件,就欲藉由使該光透過或者反射而更有效地活用其電力之要求而言,必需高耐著色性。又,尤其關於發光強度高者,由於晶片上之熱會變得非常高,故必須具有亦可耐受該熱之耐熱性之樹脂。作為著色原因,起因於因熱等所導致之分解、劣化,與之前相同,光學用途中亦要求高耐熱性及熱穩定性。
本發明人等鑒於上述實際情況進行努力研究,結果完成本發明。
即,本發明係關於下述[1]~[8]。
[1]
一種環氧樹脂,由下述式(1)表示,於利用凝膠滲透層析法所測得之圖之總面積中,三環氧丙基醚體占40~75面積%,四環氧丙基醚體占12~40面積%,且三環氧丙基醚體與四環氧丙基醚體之合計為52~90面積%,該四環氧丙基醚體具有下述式(2)表示之結構;
(式中,複數個存在之A、B如上所述,於*鍵結;又,G表示環氧丙基,m、n表示重複數目之平均值,表示0~5之數)
(式中,G表示環氧丙基)。
[2]
如[1]之環氧樹脂,其係藉由下述式(3)表示之化合物與表鹵醇(epihalohydrin)之反應獲得;
[3]
如[1]或[2]之環氧樹脂,其軟化點為45~65℃,且環氧當量為165~180g/eq.。
[4]
如[2]或[3]之環氧樹脂,其係藉由使式(3)之化合物與表鹵醇進行反應後,製成甲苯或碳數4~7之酮化合物之溶液,並利用金屬氫氧化物水溶液進行後處理而獲得。
[5]
一種硬化性樹脂組成物,其含有[1]至[4]中任一項之環氧樹脂及硬化劑。
[6]
如[5]之硬化性樹脂組成物,其中,硬化劑為具有酚樹脂結構之樹脂。
[7]
如[5]或[6]之硬化性樹脂組成物,其含有酸酐、多元羧酸中之至少一者作為硬化劑。
[8]
一種硬化物,其係使[5]至[7]中任一項之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而獲得。
含有本發明之環氧樹脂之本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物可提供耐熱性、熱穩定性、耐著色性優異之硬化物。又,藉由該特性,本發明之硬化物可應用於要求高度光學特性之光學構件。
圖1係表示實施例之評價結果之圖表。
本發明之環氧樹脂具有下述式(1)所表示之結構。
(式中,複數個存在之A、B如上所述,於*鍵結。又,G表示環氧丙基,m、n表示重複數目之平均值,表示0~5之數)
即,本發明之環氧樹脂為具有相對較廣之分子量分布且以三苯酚骨架為基礎之環氧樹脂,且為含有具有三苯酚骨架之低分子、及三苯酚骨架經由以表鹵醇為基礎之結構(1,3-二氧基丙烷-2-醇結構,下述式(4))鍵結之分子的環氧樹脂。
具體而言為如下環氧樹脂,其特徵在於:於利用凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)所測得之圖之總面積中,三環氧丙基醚體占40~75面積%,四環氧丙基醚體占12~40面積%,且三環氧丙基醚體與四環氧丙基醚體之合計為52~90面積%。
例如,具體而言,作為四環氧丙基醚體,可以上述式(2)表示。作為進一步在其以上之高分子量體,為與上述式(2)相同地,環氧丙基醚部位之一處開環,經上述式(4)之結構連結者。藉由此種鍵結,本發明之環氧樹脂變得具有較廣分子量分布。此處,作為較佳分子量分布,為Mw/Mn=1.2~2.0。
本發明中,於利用凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)進行測定之情形時,若三環氧丙基醚體超過75面積%,四環氧丙基醚體未達12面積%,則產生不易顯現耐熱性之問題。進而,於三環氧丙基醚體少於40面積%,又,四環氧丙基醚體超過40面積%之情形時,不僅黏度高而無法處理,且於溶
劑中之溶解性亦變差。於高分子量體(超過四環氧丙基醚體,且經上述式(2)之結構連結之高分子量體)超過35面積%之情形時亦有相同之虞,於考慮黏度、溶解性之情形時,有處理變得困難之情形。又,視情形亦有凝膠化之情形。
作為環氧樹脂中之各者之量,三環氧丙基醚體為40~75面積%,更佳為45~75面積%,進而較佳為50~70面積%,另一方面,四環氧丙基醚體為12~40面積%,更佳為15~35面積%,進而較佳為15~30面積%。又,同時,關於其以上之高分子量體,較佳為2~20面積%,更佳為5~20面積%。又,三環氧丙基醚體與四環氧丙基醚體之合計為52~90面積%,較佳為60~87面積%,尤佳為65~82面積%。關於作為四環氧丙基醚體與三環氧丙基醚體之面積%之比率較佳者,相對於四環氧丙基醚體1,三環氧丙基醚體為1.1~3.7,更佳為1.1~3.5,尤佳為1.5~3.2。
關於此種環氧樹脂之環氧當量,較佳為165~190g/eq.,更佳為165~185g/eq.,進而較佳為165g/eq.~180g/eq.。若環氧當量未達165g/eq.,則有耐熱性不足之情形,若超過190g/eq,則有作業性產生問題之情形。
軟化點較佳為45~70℃,更佳為45~65℃,尤佳為45~60℃。關於上述環氧當量及該軟化點,有對環氧樹脂之耐熱性及製成該組成物時之處理特性有效之傾向,從而較佳。
上述式(1)中,作為m、n之值,m與n之和較佳為0.01~1.0。
再者,於考慮向電子材料用途之拓展之情形時,因其電特性,而總氯變得重要。作為較佳之總氯量,為1500ppm以下,進而較佳為
1000ppm以下,尤佳為900ppm以下。又,根據JPCA之標準下之無鹵素之判斷值,較佳為所使用之原料全部為900ppm以下之鹵素量,本發明中,尤佳為900ppm以下。
以下,就本發明之環氧樹脂之製造方法進行說明。
本發明之環氧樹脂係藉由使下述式(3)所表示之三苯酚化合物與表鹵醇進行反應而獲得。
以下表示本發明之環氧樹脂之具體製造方法例。
上述式(3)所表示之三苯酚化合物為白色結晶狀,不大因氧化而導致變色,但有因長期保管略微產生著色之情形。關於所使用之三苯酚化合物,其純度較佳為96%以上,更佳為98%以上,尤佳為99%以上。
作為具體之本發明之環氧樹脂之製造方法之一例,藉由對羥基苯乙酮與苯酚之縮合反應獲得。於反應時生成之副產物較佳為利用再結晶等去除、精製。
於獲得本發明之環氧樹脂之反應中,作為表鹵醇,較佳為工業上容易獲得之表氯醇。表鹵醇之使用量相對於原料苯酚混合物之羥基1莫耳,通常為1.5~4.0莫耳,較佳為2.0~3.5莫耳,更佳為2.0~2.9莫耳。此處,若低於1.5莫耳,則有反應時之凝膠化之虞,有製造變得困難之情形。又,所獲得之環氧樹脂之作業性變差之可能性高,故而欠佳。另一方面,
若超過4.0莫耳,則有分子量分布位於期望範圍外之情形,有無法獲得目標特性之虞。
再者,若相對於該表鹵醇,添加0.5~10重量%之烷基環氧丙基醚,則可見所獲得之環氧樹脂之強韌性之提高,故而較佳。此處,作為烷基環氧丙基醚,較佳為甲基環氧丙基醚、乙基環氧丙基醚、丙基環氧丙基醚等碳數1~5之烷基環氧丙基醚。
作為可用於上述反應之鹼金屬氫氧化物,可列舉氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等,可利用固形物,亦可使用其水溶液,本發明中,尤其就溶解性、處理性之方面而言,較佳為使用成型為薄片狀之固形物。
鹼金屬氫氧化物之使用量相對於原料苯酚混合物之羥基1莫耳,通常為0.90~1.5莫耳,較佳為0.95~1.25莫耳,更佳為0.99~1.15莫耳。
為了促進反應,亦可添加氯化四甲基銨、溴化四甲基銨、氯化三甲基苄基銨等四級銨鹽作為觸媒。作為四級銨鹽之使用量,相對於原料苯酚混合物之羥基1莫耳,通常為0.1~15g,較佳為0.2~10g。
本反應中,除上述表鹵醇以外,較佳為併用非極性質子溶劑(二甲基亞碸、二烷、二甲基咪唑啶酮等)、或碳數1~5之醇。作為碳數1~5之醇,為甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等醇類。
本發明中,尤其就色調之問題而言,較佳為使用碳數1~5之醇,進而就鹼金屬氫氧化物之溶解性之問題而言,較佳為碳數更小之醇,尤佳為甲醇。
非極性質子溶劑或碳數1~5之醇之使用量相對於表鹵醇之使用量,通常為2~50重量%,較佳為4~25重量%。又,亦可藉由共沸脫水等方法,
一面控制系統內之水分一面進行環氧化。
反應溫度通常為30~90℃,較佳為35~80℃。尤其於本發明中,為了進行更高純度之環氧化,較佳為60℃以上,尤佳為於接近回流條件之條件下之反應。反應時間通常為0.5~10小時,較佳為1~8小時,尤佳為1~3小時。若反應時間短,則有反應未完全進行之虞,另一方面,若反應時間變長,則有能產生副產物之虞,故而欠佳。
將該等環氧化反應之反應物水洗後或未經水洗,於加熱減壓下去除表鹵醇或溶劑等。又,進而,為了製成水解性鹵素較少之環氧樹脂,亦可將甲苯或碳數4~7之酮化合物(例如,可列舉甲基異丁基酮、甲基乙基酮、環戊酮、環己酮等)作為溶劑而使所回收之環氧樹脂溶解,添加氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等鹼金屬氫氧化物之水溶液,進行反應,從而製成使閉環確實者。於該情形時,鹼金屬氫氧化物之使用量相對於用於環氧化之原料苯酚混合物之羥基1莫耳,通常為0.01~0.3莫耳,較佳為0.05~0.2莫耳。反應溫度通常為50~120℃,反應時間通常為0.5~2小時。
又,於與表鹵醇之反應中,較佳為將氮氣等非活性氣體吹送至氣體中或液體中。於無非活性氣體之吹送之情形時,有所獲得之樹脂產生著色之情形。較佳為於氧濃度較佳為6%以下、尤佳為5%以下之反應,非活性氣體之吹送量根據該釜之容積而不同,例如於1L~5L刻度之情形時,較佳為吹送可以0.5~10小時置換該釜之容積之量之非活性氣體。又,於釜容量變大之情形時,較佳為設為可以0.5~20小時置換之量。又,亦可使用設為藉由減壓將釜內之氣體置換為非活性氣體後可以5~20小時置換之量之方法。
反應結束後,將生成之鹽藉由過濾、水洗等去除,進而,於加熱減壓下將溶劑蒸餾去除,藉此獲得本發明之環氧樹脂。
如此獲得之環氧樹脂成為耐熱性、透明性、耐熱著色性非常優異之樹脂。所獲得之環氧樹脂之軟化點通常成為45~65℃,滿足上述特性。
所獲得之環氧樹脂可用作各種樹脂原料。例如可列舉:環氧丙烯酸酯及其衍生物、唑啶酮系化合物、環狀碳酸酯化合物等。
以下,就含有本發明之環氧樹脂之本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物進行記載。
本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物含有本發明之環氧樹脂作為必需成分。關於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物,可應用藉由硬化劑之熱硬化(硬化性樹脂組成物A)及將酸作為硬化觸媒之陽離子硬化(硬化性樹脂組成物B)之兩種方法。
關於硬化性樹脂組成物A及硬化性樹脂組成物B,本發明之環氧樹脂可單獨使用,或可與其他環氧樹脂併用。於併用之情形時,本發明之環氧樹脂於全部環氧樹脂中所占之比率較佳為30重量%以上,尤佳為40重量%以上。其中,於使用本發明之環氧樹脂作為硬化性樹脂組成物之改質劑之情形時,以1~30重量%之比率進行添加。
作為可與本發明之環氧樹脂併用之其他環氧樹脂,可列舉:酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、三苯甲烷型環氧樹脂、苯酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂等。具體而言,可列舉:雙酚A、雙酚S、硫代聯苯酚、茀雙酚、萜二酚、4,4'-聯苯酚、2,2'-聯苯酚、3,3',5,5'-四甲
基-[1,1'-聯苯]-4,4'-二醇、對苯二酚、間苯二酚、萘二醇、三-(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、酚類(苯酚、烷基取代苯酚、萘酚、烷基取代萘酚、二羥基苯、二羥基萘等)與甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛、對羥基苯甲醛、鄰羥基苯甲醛、對羥基苯乙酮、鄰羥基苯乙酮、二環戊二烯、糠醛、4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯、4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯、1,4-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯等之縮聚物及該等之改質物、四溴雙酚A等鹵代雙酚類、由醇類衍生之環氧丙基醚化物、脂環式環氧樹脂、環氧丙基胺系環氧樹脂、環氧丙基酯系環氧樹脂等固態或液狀環氧樹脂,但並不限定於該等。該等可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
以下,就各硬化性樹脂組成物進行說明。
1.藉由硬化劑之熱硬化(硬化性樹脂組成物A)
作為本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A所含有之硬化劑,例如可列舉:胺系化合物、酸酐系化合物、醯胺系化合物、酚系化合物、羧酸系化合物等。作為可使用之硬化劑之具體例,可列舉:二胺基二苯甲烷、二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、二胺基二苯基碸、異佛爾酮二胺、雙氰胺、由次亞麻油酸之二聚物與乙二胺合成之聚醯胺樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、順丁烯二酸酐、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基耐地酸酐(methyl nadic acid anhydride)、耐地酸酐、六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、丁烷四羧酸酐、雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸酐、甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸酐、環己烷-1,3,4-三羧酸-3,4-酐、雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、茀雙酚、萜二酚、4,4'-聯苯酚、2,2'-聯
苯酚、3,3',5,5'-四甲基-[1,1'-聯苯]-4,4'-二醇、對苯二酚、間苯二酚、萘二醇、三-(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、酚類(苯酚、烷基取代苯酚、萘酚、烷基取代萘酚、二羥基苯、二羥基萘等)與甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛、對羥基苯甲醛、鄰羥基苯甲醛、對羥基苯乙酮、鄰羥基苯乙酮、二環戊二烯、糠醛、4,4'-雙(氯甲基)-1,1'-聯苯、4,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)-1,1'-聯苯、1,4'-雙(氯甲基)苯、1,4'-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯等之縮聚物及該等之改質物、四溴雙酚A等鹵代雙酚類、咪唑、三氟化硼-胺錯合物、胍衍生物、萜烯與酚類之縮合物等,但並不限定於該等。該等可單獨使用,亦可使用2種以上。
關於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物(A)中之硬化劑之使用量,相對於環氧樹脂之環氧基1當量,較佳為0.7~1.2當量。於相對於環氧基1當量不足0.7當量之情形時、或超過1.2當量之情形時,均有硬化變得不完全,無法獲得良好之硬化物性之虞。
於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物中,亦可與硬化劑一起併用硬化促進劑(硬化觸媒)。作為可使用之硬化促進劑之具體例,可列舉:2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑等咪唑類;2-(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、1,8-二氮雜-雙環[5.4.0]十一烯-7等三級胺類;三苯基膦等膦類;辛酸錫等金屬化合物等。於使用硬化促進劑之情形時,相對於環氧樹脂100重量份,視需要使用0.1~5.0重量份。
再者,於咪唑類或胺化合物之情形時,亦可用作陰離子聚合之硬化劑,於含有該等硬化劑之情形時,作為該硬化劑之總量,相對於環氧樹脂100重量份,可使用0.1~5.0重量份進行硬化。
於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A中,亦可含有含磷化合物作為難燃性賦予成分。作為含磷化合物,可為反應型者,亦可為添加型者。作為含磷化合物之具體例,可列舉:磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三甲酚酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、磷酸甲酚基二苯酯、磷酸甲酚基-2,6-二(二甲苯)酯、1,3-伸苯基雙(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)、1,4-伸苯基雙(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)、4,4'-聯苯(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)等磷酸酯類;9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物、10-(2,5-二羥基苯基)-10H-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物等膦類;使環氧樹脂與上述膦類之活性氫反應而獲得之含磷環氧化合物、紅磷等;較佳為磷酸酯類、膦類或含磷環氧化合物,尤佳為1,3-伸苯基雙(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)、1,4-伸苯基雙(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)、4,4'-聯苯(磷酸二(二甲苯)酯)或含磷環氧化合物。含磷化合物之含量較佳為含磷化合物/環氧樹脂=0.1~0.6(重量比)。若為0.1以下,則有難燃性變得不充分之虞,若為0.6以上,則擔心對硬化物之吸濕性、介電特性造成不良影響。
進而,亦可於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A中視需要摻合黏合劑樹脂。作為黏合劑樹脂,可列舉:丁醛系樹脂、縮醛系樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、環氧-尼龍系樹脂、NBR-酚系樹脂、環氧-NBR系樹脂、聚醯胺系樹脂、聚醯亞胺系樹脂、矽酮系樹脂等,但並不限定於該等。黏合劑樹脂之摻合量較佳為無損硬化物之難燃性、耐熱性之範圍,相對於樹脂成分100重量份,通常視需要使用0.05~50重量份,較佳為0.05~20重量份。
於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A中,可視需要添加無機填
充劑。作為無機填充劑,可列舉:晶質二氧化矽、熔融二氧化矽、氧化鋁、鋯英石、矽酸鈣、碳酸鈣、碳化矽、氮化矽、氮化硼、氧化鋯、橄欖石、塊滑石、尖晶石、二氧化鈦、滑石等粉體或將該等球形化而成之珠粒等,但並不限定於該等。該等可單獨使用,亦可使用2種以上。關於該等無機填充劑之含量,使用在本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物中占0~95重量%之量。進而,於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物中,可添加矽烷偶合劑、硬脂酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸鋅、硬脂酸鈣等脫模劑、顏料等各種摻合劑、各種熱硬化性樹脂。
本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物可藉由將各成分均勻地混合而獲得。本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A可利用與習知已知之方法相同之方法容易地製成其硬化物。例如視需要使用擠出機、捏合機、輥等將本發明之環氧樹脂與硬化劑以及視需要之硬化觸媒、含磷化合物、黏合劑樹脂、無機填充材料及摻合劑充分地混合直至成為均勻,獲得硬化性樹脂組成物,使該硬化性樹脂組成物熔融後使用澆鑄成型或轉移成型機等成型,進而以80~200℃加熱2~10小時,藉此可獲得本發明之硬化物。
又,將本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A溶解於甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-甲基吡咯啶酮等溶劑,製成硬化性樹脂組成物清漆,使其含浸於玻璃纖維、碳纖維、聚酯纖維、聚醯胺纖維、氧化鋁纖維、紙等基材,並進行加熱乾燥而獲得預浸體,對該預浸體進行熱壓成形,藉此可製成本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物之硬化物。此時之溶劑的使用量,於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物與該溶劑之混合物中通常占10~70重量%、較佳為15~70重量%。又,
亦可將液狀組成物直接利用RTM方式獲得含有碳纖維之環氧樹脂硬化物。
又,亦可使用本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物A作為膜型組成物之改質劑。具體而言,可用於提高B階段之可撓性等之情形。於獲得此種膜型樹脂組成物之情形時,對於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物,將上述清漆塗布於剝離膜上,於加熱下去除溶劑,進行B階段化,藉此獲得片狀之接著劑。該片狀接著劑可用作多層基板等中之層間絕緣層。
進而,列舉會使用環氧樹脂等熱硬化性樹脂之通常用途,例如,可列舉接著劑、塗料、塗布劑、成形材料(包括片材、膜、FRP等)、絕緣材料(包括印刷基板、電線被覆等)、密封材料、以及密封材料、基板用之氰酸酯樹脂組成物或作為抗蝕劑用硬化劑之丙烯酸酯系樹脂等於其他樹脂等中之添加劑等。
作為接著劑,可列舉土木用、建築用、汽車用、一般事務用、醫療用之接著劑以及電子材料用之接著劑。該等之中,作為電子材料用之接著劑,可列舉增層基板等多層基板之層間接著劑、黏晶劑、底膠等半導體用接著劑、BGA補強用底膠、異向性導電性膜(ACF)、異向性導電性糊(ACP)等安裝用接著劑等。
作為密封劑,可列舉:電容器、電晶體、二極體、發光二極體;IC、LSI等用之灌注、浸漬、轉注成型密封,IC、LSI類之COB、COF、TAB等用等之灌注密封,倒裝晶片等用之底膠、QFP、BGA、CSP等IC封裝類安裝時之密封(包括補強用底膠)等。
2.設為酸性硬化觸媒之陽離子硬化(硬化性樹脂組成物B)於利用酸性硬化觸媒使本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化之情形時,含
有光聚合起始劑或熱聚合起始劑。進而,亦可含有稀釋劑、聚合性單體、聚合性低聚物、聚合起始助劑、光增感劑等各種公知之化合物、材料等。又,亦可視所需含有無機填充材料、著色顏料、紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、穩定劑等、各種公知之添加劑。
關於硬化性樹脂組成物B,較佳為陽離子聚合,尤佳為光陽離子聚合。作為陽離子之觸媒(以下為陽離子聚合起始劑),可列舉錪鹽、鋶鹽、重氮鎓鹽等鎓鹽,該等可單獨使用,或可使用2種以上。該陽離子聚合起始劑之使用量相對於環氧樹脂100重量份,較佳為0.01~50重量份,更佳為0.1~10重量份。
進而可同時使用該等陽離子聚合起始劑與公知之聚合起始助劑(及視需要之光增感劑)之1種或2種以上。作為聚合起始助劑之例,例如可列舉:安息香、苯偶醯、安息香甲醚、安息香異丙醚、苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、1,1-二氯苯乙酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-(4-甲基噻吩基)-2-N-啉基丙烷-1-酮(2-methyl-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-morpholinopropan-1-one)、N,N-二甲胺基苯乙酮、2-甲基蒽醌、2-乙基蒽醌、2-第三丁基蒽醌、1-氯蒽醌、2-戊基蒽醌、2-異丙基9-氧硫、2,4-二甲基9-氧硫、2,4-二乙基9-氧硫、2,4-二異丙基9-氧硫、苯乙酮二甲基縮酮、二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二氯二苯甲酮、4,4'-雙二乙胺基二苯甲酮、米其勒酮等聚合起始劑。聚合起始劑等之聚合起始助劑之使用量相對於樹脂成分100重量份,通常為0.01~30重量份,較佳為0.1~10重量份。
作為光增感劑之具體例,可列舉:蒽、2-異丙基9-氧硫、2,4-二甲基9-氧硫、2,4-二乙基9-氧硫、2,4-二異丙基9-
氧硫、吖啶橙、吖啶黃、膦-R、苯并黃素、硫代磺素-T、苝、N,N-二甲胺基苯甲酸乙酯、N,N-二甲胺基苯甲酸異戊酯、三乙醇胺、三乙胺等。光增感劑之使用量相對於環氧樹脂成分100重量部,通常為0.01~30重量份,較佳為0.1~10重量份。
進而,於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物B中,視需要可添加無機填充劑或矽烷偶合劑、脫模劑、顏料等各種摻合劑、各種熱硬化性樹脂。作為具體之例,如前所述。
本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物B可藉由將各成分均勻地混合而獲得。又,亦可使之溶解於聚乙二醇單乙醚或環己酮、γ-丁內酯等有機溶劑中,使其均勻後,藉由乾燥而去除溶劑從而使用。此時之溶劑使用於本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物B與該溶劑之混合物中通常占10~70重量%、較佳為15~70重量%之量。本發明之硬化性樹脂組成物B可藉由熱硬化、及/或紫外線照射而硬化(例如,參考文獻:總說環氧樹脂 第1卷 基礎篇I p82-84),關於其熱量、紫外線照射量,根據硬化性樹脂組成物而變化,故而由各硬化條件決定。只要為硬化性樹脂組成物會發生硬化之熱量、及/或照射量即可,只要滿足符合目標硬化物之強度良好之硬化條件即可。然而,尤其於光硬化之情形時,該等環氧樹脂系之光硬化中,難以僅藉由光照射進行完全硬化,較佳為於要求耐熱性之用途中,於光照射後藉由加熱而使反應完全結束。該硬化時,光必須透過至細微部,故對於本發明之環氧化合物、及硬化性樹脂組成物B期望透明性高者。
上述光照射後之加熱可於通常之硬化性樹脂組成物B之硬化溫度區域。例如,較佳為於常溫~150℃進行30分鐘~7天之範圍。雖因
硬化性樹脂組成物B之摻合而發生變化,但尤其越於較高之溫度區域,於光照射後之硬化促進越有效果,利用短時間之熱處理便有效果。又,越為低溫,越需要長時間之熱處理。藉由此種熱後硬化,亦出現使水分或被黏附有機物進行時效處理之效果。
又,使該等硬化性樹脂組成物B硬化而獲得之硬化物之形狀亦可根據用途而取各種形狀,故並無特別限定,例如亦可製成膜狀、片狀、塊狀等形狀。成形方法因各部位、構件而不同,例如可應用澆鑄法、澆鑄成型法、網版印刷法、旋轉塗布法、噴霧法、轉印法、分注方式等成形方法,但並不限定於該等。成形模可應用研磨玻璃、硬質不鏽鋼研磨板、聚碳酸酯板、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯板、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯板等。又,為了提高與成形模之脫模性,可應用聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜、聚碳酸酯膜、聚氯乙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、聚四氟乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚醯亞胺膜等。
例如用於陽離子硬化性抗蝕劑時,對於溶解於聚乙二醇單乙醚或環己酮、γ-丁內酯等有機溶劑中之本發明之光陽離子硬化性樹脂組成物B,藉由網版印刷、旋轉塗布法等方法,將本發明之組成物以5~160μm之膜厚塗布於銅箔積層板或陶瓷基板、玻璃基板等基板上,使塗膜於60~110℃預乾燥,其後通過繪有所需圖案之底片,照射紫外線(例如低壓水銀燈、高壓水銀燈、超高壓水銀燈、氙氣燈、雷射光等),繼而,於70~120℃曝光後,進行烘烤處理。其後,利用聚乙二醇單乙醚等溶劑將未曝光部分溶解去除(顯影)後,進而視需要,藉由紫外線之照射及/或加熱(例如以100~200℃進行0.5~3小時)進行充分之硬化,從而獲得硬化物。如此,亦可獲得印刷配線板。
本發明所獲得之硬化物可用於以光學零件材料為代表之各種用途。所謂光學用材料,通常表示用於使可見光、紅外線、紫外線、X射線、雷射等光通過該材料中之用途之材料。更具體而言,可列舉:燈型、SMD型等之LED用密封材料、以及如下者。例如,液晶顯示器領域中之基板材料、導光板、稜鏡片、偏向板、相位差板、視野角修正膜、接著劑、偏光元件保護膜等液晶用膜等液晶顯示裝置周邊材料。又,期待作為下-代平板顯示器之彩色PDP(電漿顯示器)之密封材料、抗反射膜、光學修正膜、外殼材料、前板玻璃之保護膜、前板玻璃代替材料、接著劑、或LED顯示裝置所使用之LED之模型材料、LED之密封材料、前板玻璃之保護膜、前板玻璃代替材料、接著劑、或者電漿定址液晶(PALC)顯示器中之基板材料、導光板、稜鏡片、偏向板、相位差板、視野角修正膜、接著劑、偏光元件保護膜、或有機EL(電致發光)顯示器中之前板玻璃之保護膜、前板玻璃代替材料、接著劑、或者場發射顯示器(FED)中之各種膜基板、前板玻璃之保護膜、前板玻璃代替材料、接著劑。於光記錄領域,為VD(視訊磁碟)、CD/CD-ROM、CD-R/RW、DVD-R/DVD-RAM、MO/MD、PD(相變化光碟)、光學卡用之碟片基板材料、讀取透鏡、保護膜、密封材料、接著劑等。
於光學機器領域,為靜態相機之透鏡用材料、取景器稜鏡、目標稜鏡、取景器蓋、受光感測部。又,為攝錄影機之攝影透鏡、取景器。又,為投影電視之投射透鏡、保護膜、密封材料、接著劑等。為光感測機器之透鏡用材料、密封材料、接著劑、膜等。於光零件領域,為光通信系統中之光開關周邊之纖維材料、透鏡、波導、元件之密封材料、接著劑等。
光連接器周邊之光纖材料、套圈、密封材料、接著劑等。於光被動零件、光電路零件中,為透鏡、波導、LED之密封材料、CCD之密封材料、接著劑等。光電子積體電路(OEIC)周邊之基板材料、纖維材料、元件之密封材料、接著劑等。於光纖領域,為裝飾顯示器用照明-導光件等、工業用途之感測器類、顯示/標識類等,又,通訊基礎建設用及家庭內之數位機器連接用之光纖。於半導體積體電路周邊材料中,為LSI、超LSI材料用之微影術用之抗蝕劑材料。於汽車、運輸機領域,為汽車用之燈管反射罩、軸承護圈、齒輪部分、耐蝕塗層、開關部分、前照燈、引擎內零件、電氣零件、各種內外飾品、驅動引擎、刹車油槽、汽車用防鏽鋼板、內飾板、內飾材料、保護-捆束用線束、燃料軟管、汽車燈、玻璃代替品。又,為鐵路車輛用之複層玻璃。又,航空器之結構材料之韌性賦予劑、引擎周邊構件、保護、結束用線束、耐蝕塗層。於建築領域,為內飾-加工用材料、燈罩、片材、玻璃中間膜、玻璃代替品、太陽電池周邊材料。於農業用中,為溫室被覆用膜。作為下一代之光-電子功能有機材料,為作為有機EL元件周邊材料、有機光折射元件、光-光轉換裝置之光放大元件、光運算元件、有機太陽電池周邊之基板材料、光纖材料、元件之密封材料、接著劑等。
作為密封劑,可列舉:電容器、電晶體、二極體、發光二極體、IC、LSI等用之灌注、浸漬、轉注成型密封,IC、LSI類之COB、COF、TAB等用等之灌注密封,倒裝晶片等用之底膠、QFP、BGA、CSP等IC封裝類安裝時之密封(包括補強用底膠)等。
作為光學用材料以外之用途,可列舉使用硬化性樹脂組成物
A之一般用途,例如可列舉:接著劑、塗料、塗布劑、成形材料(包括片材、膜、FRP等)、絕緣材料(包括印刷基板、電線被覆等)、密封劑以及於其他樹脂等中之添加劑等。作為接著劑,可列舉:土木用、建築用、汽車用、一般事務用、醫療用之接著劑以及電子材料用之接著劑。該等之中,作為電子材料用之接著劑,可列舉:增層基板等多層基板之層間接著劑、黏晶劑、底膠等半導體用接著劑、BGA補強用底膠、異向性導電性膜(ACF)、異向性導電性糊(ACP)等安裝用接著劑等。
其次,藉由實施例進一步具體地說明本發明,以下,只要無特別說明,則份為重量份。再者,本發明並不限定於該等實施例。
又,於實施例中,環氧當量係依據JIS K-7236測定,黏度係於25℃使用E型黏度計進行測定。又,氣相層析法(以下為GC)中之分析條件係使用HP5-MS(0.25mm I.D.×15m,膜厚0.25μm)作為分離管柱,將管柱烘箱溫度設定為初始溫度100℃,以每分鐘15℃之速度升溫,於300℃保持25分鐘。又,將氦氣作為載流氣體。進而,凝膠滲透層析法(以下稱為GPC)之測定如下所述。管柱為Shodex SYSTEM-21管柱(KF-803L、KF-802.5(×2根)、KF-802)、連結溶析液為四氫呋喃、流速為1ml/min.,管柱溫度為40℃,又,檢測係利用UV(254nm)進行,校準曲線係使用Shodex製標準聚苯乙烯。
[實施例1]
使具備攪拌機、回流冷卻管、攪拌裝置之燒瓶暫時為真空,氮氣置換後,一面實施氮氣沖洗一面添加上述式(3)所表示之酚化合物(TPA1)(BisP-AP本州化學工業製造)102份、表氯醇185份、甲醇100份,並使水浴升溫至75℃。於內溫超過65℃時,歷時90分鐘將薄片狀之氫氧化鈉42份分批添加後,進而於70℃進行1小時後續反應。反應結束後進行水洗,使用旋轉蒸發器自油層以140℃於減壓下將過量之表氯醇等溶劑蒸餾去除。於殘留物中添加甲基異丁基酮400份,加以溶解,並升溫至70℃。於攪拌下添加30重量%之氫氧化鈉水溶液8份,進行1小時後,進行水洗直至清洗水成為中性,對於所獲得之溶液,使用旋轉蒸發器以180℃於減壓下將甲基異丁基酮等蒸餾去除,藉此獲得環氧樹脂(EP1)175份。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為171g/eq.,軟化點為51℃,色相為0.2以下(加登納(Gardner)40%MEK溶液)。又,三環氧丙基醚結構為57面積%,四環氧丙基醚體為23面積%,合計為80面積%。又,其以上之高分子量體為13面積%(GPC)。
[實施例2]
使具備攪拌機、回流冷卻管、攪拌裝置之燒瓶暫時為真空,氮氣置換後,一面實施氮氣沖洗一面添加酚化合物(TPA1)(BisP-AP本州化學工業製造)102份、表氯醇185份、二甲基亞碸150份,並將水浴升溫至45℃。於內溫超過45℃時,歷時90分鐘將薄片狀之氫氧化鈉42份分批添加
後,進而於45℃進行2小時、於70℃進行1小時後續反應。使用旋轉蒸發器自油層以140℃於減壓下將過量之表氯醇等溶劑蒸餾去除。於殘留物中添加甲基異丁基酮400份,加以溶解,反應結束後進行水洗,並將所獲得之有機層升溫至70℃。於攪拌下添加30重量%之氫氧化鈉水溶液8份,進行1小時反應後,進行水洗直至清洗水成為中性,對於所獲得之溶液,使用旋轉蒸發器以180℃於減壓下將甲基異丁基酮等蒸餾去除,藉此獲得環氧樹脂(EP2)171份。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為165g/eq.,軟化點為53℃,色相為0.2以下(加登納(Gardner)40%MEK溶液)。又,三環氧丙基醚結構為58面積%,四環氧丙基醚體為25面積%,合計為83面積%。又,其以上之高分子量體為15面積%(GPC)。
[合成例1]
對具備攪拌機、回流冷卻管、攪拌裝置之燒瓶進行氮氣置換後,一面實施氮氣沖洗一面添加酚化合物(TPA1)(BisP-AP本州化學工業製造)102份、表氯醇370份、甲醇37份,並將水浴升溫至75℃。於內溫超過65℃時,歷時90分鐘將薄片狀之氫氧化鈉42份分批添加後,進而於70℃進行1小時後續反應。反應結束後進行水洗,使用旋轉蒸發器自油層以140℃於減壓下將過量之表氯醇等溶劑蒸餾去除。於殘留物中添加甲基異丁基酮400份,加以溶解,升溫至70℃。於攪拌下添加30重量%之氫氧化鈉水溶液8份,進行1小時反應後,進行水洗直至清洗水成為中性,對於所獲得之溶液,使用旋轉蒸發器以180℃於減壓下將甲基異丁基酮等蒸餾去除,藉此獲得比較用之環氧樹脂(EP3)178份。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為164g/eq.,軟化點為半固態(<45℃以下)、ICI熔融黏度為0.04Pa‧s(150℃),色相為0.2以下(加登納(Gardner)40%MEK溶液)。又,三環氧丙基醚結構為87面積%,四環氧丙基醚體為10面積%,合計為97面積%。又,其以上之高分子量體未達1面積%(GPC)。
[實施例3、4、5及比較例1、2]
關於上述所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1、FP2)及比較用之環氧樹脂(EP3),
將作為硬化劑之苯酚酚酵清漆、苯酚芳烷基樹脂與作為硬化促進劑之三苯基膦(TPP)進行摻合,使用混練機混合、混練至均勻,獲得含有各環氧樹脂之密封用硬化性樹脂組成物。
利用攪拌機將該硬化性樹脂組成物粉碎,進而,利用平板機進行平板化。將該平板化之硬化性樹脂組成物轉移成型(175℃×60秒),進而於脫模後以160℃×2小時+180℃×6小時之條件進行硬化,獲得各環氧樹脂之評價用試驗片。
再者,利用以下要點測定硬化物之物性。將結果示於以下之表1。
<TMA測定條件>
熱機械測定裝置 真空理工股份有限公司製造TM-7000升溫速度:2℃/分鐘
藉由對使用同一硬化劑之實施例與比較例(實施例3、4與比較例1、以及實施例5與比較例2)之結果進行比較,明瞭本發明之環氧
樹脂之耐熱性優異。
[實施例6、7及比較例3~13]
使用上述所獲得之環氧樹脂(EP1、2)及比較用之環氧樹脂(EP3~EP13)。再者,EP4~EP13之環氧樹脂(均為日本化藥股份有限公司製品)之各自詳細情況如以下之表2所示。
將與環氧樹脂為等當量之作為硬化劑之苯酚酚醛清漆、及相對於環氧樹脂為1重量%之作為硬化促進劑之三甲苯基膦(TPTP)進行摻合,使用混練機混合、混練至均勻,獲得含有各環氧樹脂之密封用硬化性樹脂組成物。利用攪拌機將該硬化性樹脂組成物粉碎,進而,利用平板機進行平板化。將該平板化之硬化性樹脂組成物轉移成型(175℃×40秒),進而於脫模後以160℃×2小時+180℃×6小時之條件進行硬化,獲得各環氧樹脂之評價用試驗片。
再者,利用以下要點測定硬化物之物性。將結果示於以下之表3。
<TMA測定條件>
熱機械測定裝置 真空理工股份有限公司製造TM-7000升溫速度:2
℃/分鐘
<Td5:5%熱重量減少溫度>
將所獲得之硬化物粉碎為粉狀,使所得者通過100目之金屬線網,使用使殘留於200目之金屬線網狀之粒徑一致之樣品,藉由TG-DTA,測定熱分解溫度。於樣品使用量為約10mg、升溫速度:10℃/min、以空氣200mL/hr流動之狀態下進行測定,對重量減少5%之溫度進行評價。
又,將上述結果圖表化,示於圖表(參照圖)。
根據以上之結果,可明瞭本發明之環氧樹脂、及其組成物提供不僅耐熱性且耐熱分解性亦優異之硬化物。
該情況顯示出樹脂骨架之穩定性良好,可知耐熱著色性等特性亦優異。
以上參照特定之態樣詳細地說明了本發明,但業者明瞭,可於不脫離本發明之精神及範圍之情況下進行各種變更及修正。
再者,本申請案基於2014年2月6日提出申請之日本專利申請案(特願2014-020897),將其整體藉由引用而援用於本文中。又,引用於此之所有參照作為整體編入本文。
本發明之環氧樹脂之耐熱性高且熱穩定性優異,故而含有本發明之環氧樹脂之樹脂組成物可廣泛使用於電氣、電子零件、結構用材料、接著劑、塗料等領域中。又,於需要高耐著色性之光學用途中,亦具有可耐受發光強度高之照明之周邊構件之熱的耐熱性,故可避免成為著色原因之熱等所導致之分解、劣化而有用。
Claims (6)
- 一種硬化性樹脂組成物,含有由下述式(1)表示之環氧樹脂及硬化劑,該環氧樹脂之軟化點為45~65℃,且環氧當量為165~180g/eq.,並且係藉由下述式(3)表示之化合物與表鹵醇(epihalohydrin)之反應獲得,該環氧樹脂於利用凝膠滲透層析法測得之圖的總面積中,三環氧丙基醚體占40~75面積%,四環氧丙基醚體占12~40面積%,且三環氧丙基醚體與四環氧丙基醚體之合計為52~90面積%,該四環氧丙基醚體具有下述式(2)表示之結構; (式中,複數個存在之A、B如上所述,於*鍵結;又,G表示環氧丙基,m、n表示重複數目之平均值,表示0~5之數)(式中,G表示環氧丙基)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之硬化性樹脂組成物,其中,該環氧樹脂係使該式(3)之化合物與表鹵醇進行反應後,製成甲苯或碳數4~7之酮化合物的溶液,並利用金屬氫氧化物水溶液進行後處理而獲得之環氧樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之硬化性樹脂組成物,其中,該硬化劑為具有酚樹脂結構之樹脂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之硬化性樹脂組成物,其含有酸酐、多元羧酸中之至少一者作為該硬化劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之硬化性樹脂組成物,其含有酸酐、多元羧酸中之至少一者作為該硬化劑。
- 一種硬化物,其係使申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之硬化性樹脂組成物硬化而獲得。
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JPH01268714A (ja) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-26 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 新規エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
JP2001278946A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 |
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FR2149433B1 (zh) * | 1971-08-19 | 1974-10-25 | Dow Chemical Co | |
US4394496A (en) * | 1971-08-19 | 1983-07-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Epoxidation products of 1,1,1-tri-(hydroxyphenyl) alkanes |
JP2001247650A (ja) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-11 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 光半導体封止用エポキシ樹脂組成物及び光半導体装置 |
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JPH01268714A (ja) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-26 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 新規エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
JP2001278946A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 |
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CN105980440A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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