TWI656908B - Ship exhaust gas denitration system - Google Patents
Ship exhaust gas denitration system Download PDFInfo
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- TWI656908B TWI656908B TW106143258A TW106143258A TWI656908B TW I656908 B TWI656908 B TW I656908B TW 106143258 A TW106143258 A TW 106143258A TW 106143258 A TW106143258 A TW 106143258A TW I656908 B TWI656908 B TW I656908B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
一種船舶廢氣脫硝系統,包括廢氣直排管路,藉由第一閥門與廢氣集氣箱之排氣口連接;廢氣脫硝管路,藉由第二閥門與廢氣集氣箱之排氣口連接;脫硝反應器,連接在廢氣脫硝管路中,包括尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室,尿素蒸發室設有尿素溶液噴槍,混合器連接尿素蒸發室與反應室;其中,第一閥門開啟、第二閥門關閉,廢氣經廢氣直排管路排出;第一閥門關閉、第二閥門開啟,廢氣經廢氣脫硝管路進入脫硝反應器之尿素蒸發室後,與尿素混合並經混合器進入反應室進行脫硝後排出。本發明之船舶廢氣脫硝系統中尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室合併於脫硝反應器中,結構更加緊湊。 An exhaust gas denitration system for a ship includes a direct exhaust gas exhaust pipe connected to an exhaust port of an exhaust gas collection tank via a first valve; an exhaust gas denitration pipe connected to an exhaust port of an exhaust gas collection tank via a second valve Connection; a denitration reactor connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipeline, including a urea evaporation chamber, a mixer and a reaction chamber, the urea evaporation chamber is provided with a urea solution spray gun, and the mixer is connected to the urea evaporation chamber and the reaction chamber; The valve is opened, the second valve is closed, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas straight line; the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, and the exhaust gas enters the urea evaporation chamber of the denitration reactor through the exhaust gas denitration pipeline, and is mixed with urea and passed through The mixer enters the reaction chamber for denitration and is discharged. The urea evaporation chamber, the mixer and the reaction chamber in the ship exhaust gas denitration system of the present invention are combined in a denitration reactor, and the structure is more compact.
Description
本發明涉及大氣環境保護領域,尤係一種船舶廢氣脫硝系統。 The invention relates to the field of atmospheric environmental protection, in particular to a ship exhaust gas denitration system.
本專利申請要求在2016年12月8日同一日提交的中國專利申請號為201621344640.5以及中國專利申請號為201611124811.8的優先權,這些專利申請的全文以引用的方式併入本申請中。 This patent application claims priority from Chinese Patent Application No. 201621344640.5 and Chinese Patent Application No. 201611124811.8, filed on the same day on December 8, 2016. The full text of these patent applications is incorporated herein by reference.
為了控制船用廢氣集氣箱NOx之排放,國際海事組織通過了《MARPOL 73/78公約》附則VI《防止船舶造成空氣污染規則》之修訂案,該修訂案規定自2016年1月1日起於排放控制區(Emission Control Area,ECA區域)實行Tier III排放標準。該標準確定了更低之氮氧化物排放值,故需對船舶廢氣進行脫硝處理。當下應用最廣泛之船舶廢氣集氣箱廢氣脫硝處理技術為選擇性催化還原(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)。 In order to control NOx emissions from marine exhaust gas collection tanks, the International Maritime Organization has adopted the amendment to MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI "Rules for Preventing Air Pollution from Ships", which stipulates that effective January 1, 2016, The Emission Control Area (ECA) implements Tier III emission standards. This standard determines a lower NOx emission value, so the ship's exhaust gas needs to be denitrated. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is the most widely used technology for denitrification of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas collection tanks of ships.
採用選擇性催化還原技術對廢氣進行脫硝處理時,首先向溫度為170~550℃之廢氣中噴入還原劑,還原劑可以為純氨氣、氨水或尿素溶液,由於尿素便於存儲和運輸,一般作為還原劑之首選,尿素經過噴槍之霧化,熱解或水解為氨氣。隨後,氨氣和廢氣之混合物一起藉催化劑發生催化反應,使氮氧化物轉變為氮氣和水蒸氣後排出,從而降低了排氣中NOx之含量。 When the selective catalytic reduction technology is used to denitrate the exhaust gas, the reducing agent is first sprayed into the exhaust gas at a temperature of 170 ~ 550 ° C. The reducing agent can be pure ammonia gas, ammonia water or urea solution. Because urea is convenient for storage and transportation, Generally, as the first choice of reducing agent, urea is atomized by spray gun, pyrolyzed or hydrolyzed to ammonia gas. Subsequently, the mixture of ammonia and exhaust gas is catalyzed by the catalyst together to convert the nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water vapor and then exhaust, thereby reducing the content of NOx in the exhaust gas.
目前,實現上述選擇性催化還原技術之脫硝設備主要包括尿素供應系統、催化反應系統和壓縮空氣系統等,尿素供應系統主要包括尿素罐、尿素計量泵和尿素溶液噴槍,催化反應系統主要包括反應器 和蒸發混合器,壓縮空氣系統主要包括吹灰、通風和設備吹掃等。然而,習知之脫硝設備結構複雜,所需佔用之空間較大,影響了船上人員之活動空間及其它設備之排布。 At present, the denitration equipment that realizes the above-mentioned selective catalytic reduction technology mainly includes urea supply system, catalytic reaction system and compressed air system. The urea supply system mainly includes urea tank, urea metering pump and urea solution spray gun. And evaporative mixer, compressed air system mainly includes soot blowing, ventilation and equipment purging. However, the conventional denitration equipment has a complicated structure and requires a large space, which affects the movement space of ship personnel and the arrangement of other equipment.
本發明之目的在於提供一種結構緊湊之船舶廢氣脫硝系統。 An object of the present invention is to provide a ship exhaust gas denitration system with a compact structure.
本發明提供之船舶廢氣脫硝系統,包括:廢氣直排管路,該廢氣直排管路藉由第一閥門與廢氣集氣箱之排氣口連接;廢氣脫硝管路,該廢氣脫硝管路藉由第二閥門與廢氣集氣箱之排氣口連接;脫硝反應器,該脫硝反應器連接在該廢氣脫硝管路中,包括尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室,該尿素蒸發室設有尿素溶液噴槍,該混合器連接該尿素蒸發室與該反應室;其中,該第一閥門開啟、第二閥門關閉,廢氣經該廢氣直排管路排出;該第一閥門關閉、第二閥門開啟,廢氣經該廢氣脫硝管路進入該脫硝反應器之尿素蒸發室後,與尿素混合並經該混合器進入該反應器進行脫硝後排出。 The ship exhaust gas denitration system provided by the present invention comprises: a direct exhaust gas exhaust pipe, which is connected to an exhaust port of an exhaust gas collection tank through a first valve; and an exhaust gas denitration pipeline, which is used for denitrification of exhaust gas The pipeline is connected to the exhaust port of the exhaust gas collection box through a second valve; a denitration reactor, which is connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipeline, including a urea evaporation chamber, a mixer, and a reaction chamber. The urea evaporation chamber is provided with a urea solution spray gun, and the mixer connects the urea evaporation chamber and the reaction chamber; wherein the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas direct discharge pipe; the first valve is closed 2. The second valve is opened, the exhaust gas enters the urea evaporation chamber of the denitration reactor through the exhaust gas denitration pipeline, is mixed with urea, enters the reactor through the mixer for denitration, and is discharged.
進一步地,該脫硝反應器包括相對之第一端與第二端,該脫硝反應器之進氣口與排氣口位於該第一端,該尿素蒸發室與該進氣口連接,該反應室與該排氣口連接,該尿素蒸發室由該脫硝反應器之第一端延伸至第二端並沿該第二端之側壁設置,該尿素蒸發室之出口位於遠離該第二端之側壁的一側,該混合器連接該尿素蒸發室之出口與該反應室之入口。 Further, the denitration reactor includes first and second ends opposite to each other, an air inlet and an exhaust port of the denitration reactor are located at the first end, the urea evaporation chamber is connected to the air inlet, and The reaction chamber is connected to the exhaust port, the urea evaporation chamber extends from the first end to the second end of the denitration reactor and is arranged along the side wall of the second end, and the outlet of the urea evaporation chamber is located away from the second end On one side of the side wall, the mixer connects the outlet of the urea evaporation chamber with the inlet of the reaction chamber.
進一步地,該尿素蒸發室在靠近該第二端之側壁處設有導流板。 Further, the urea evaporation chamber is provided with a deflector at a side wall near the second end.
進一步地,該船舶廢氣脫硝系統更包括廢氣氧化支路,該廢氣氧化支路與該廢氣脫硝管路連接且位於該脫硝反應器與該第二閥門之間,該廢氣氧化支路依次設有第三閥門與氣體氧化器。 Further, the ship exhaust gas denitration system further includes an exhaust gas oxidation branch, the exhaust gas oxidation branch is connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipeline and is located between the denitration reactor and the second valve, and the exhaust gas oxidation branch is in turn Equipped with a third valve and a gas oxidizer.
進一步地,該尿素溶液噴槍與尿素供應裝置連接,該尿素供應裝置包括尿素管路、尿素罐、空氣管路與空壓機,該尿素罐藉由該尿素管路與該尿素溶液噴槍連接,該尿素管路上依次設有計量泵與第四閥門,該空壓機藉由第五閥門與該尿素管路之出口端連接。 Further, the urea solution spray gun is connected to a urea supply device. The urea supply device includes a urea pipeline, a urea tank, an air pipeline, and an air compressor. The urea tank is connected to the urea solution spray gun through the urea pipeline. A metering pump and a fourth valve are sequentially arranged on the urea pipeline, and the air compressor is connected to the outlet end of the urea pipeline through a fifth valve.
進一步地,該船舶廢氣脫硝系統更包括尿素清洗管路,該尿素清洗管路包括熱水管路與冷水管路,該熱水管路設置於廢熱鍋爐之外壁上,該熱水管路藉由第六閥門與該尿素管路連接,該冷水管路藉由第七閥門與該尿素管路連接,該第六閥門、第七閥門與該尿素管路之連接點位於該計量泵與該尿素罐之間。 Further, the ship exhaust gas denitration system further includes a urea cleaning pipeline, and the urea cleaning pipeline includes a hot water pipeline and a cold water pipeline, and the hot water pipeline is disposed on the outer wall of the waste heat boiler. A valve is connected to the urea pipeline, the cold water pipeline is connected to the urea pipeline through a seventh valve, and the connection points of the sixth valve, the seventh valve, and the urea pipeline are located between the metering pump and the urea tank .
進一步地,該廢氣脫硝管路之排氣端藉由第八閥門與該廢氣直排管路之排氣端連接,該廢氣直排管路之排氣端與該廢氣脫硝管路之排氣端均與該廢熱鍋爐連接。 Further, the exhaust end of the exhaust gas denitration pipe is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust gas straight pipe through an eighth valve, and the exhaust end of the exhaust gas straight pipe is connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipe. The gas ends are connected to the waste heat boiler.
進一步地,該廢氣直排管路之排氣端和該廢氣脫硝管路之排氣端與該廢熱鍋爐之進氣口之間設有渦輪增壓器。 Further, a turbocharger is provided between the exhaust end of the exhaust gas straight exhaust pipe and the exhaust end of the exhaust gas denitration pipeline and the air inlet of the waste heat boiler.
進一步地,該廢熱鍋爐之排氣口設有消音器。 Further, the exhaust port of the waste heat boiler is provided with a muffler.
進一步地,各閥門為自動控制閥門。 Further, each valve is an automatic control valve.
本發明之實施例中,船舶廢氣脫硝系統之尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室合併在脫硝反應器中,與尿素蒸發室、混合器、反應室沿廢氣脫硝管路串聯設置之方式相比,縮短了管路之長度,減少了連接件之設置,使得船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構更加緊湊。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the urea evaporation chamber, mixer and reaction chamber of a ship exhaust gas denitration system are combined in a denitration reactor, and the urea evaporation chamber, mixer, and reaction chamber are arranged in series along the exhaust gas denitration pipeline. In comparison, the length of the pipeline is shortened, and the arrangement of the connecting pieces is reduced, so that the structure of the ship's exhaust gas denitration system is more compact.
10‧‧‧廢氣直排管路 10‧‧‧Exhaust gas exhaust pipe
11‧‧‧第一閥門 11‧‧‧The first valve
20‧‧‧廢氣脫硝管路 20‧‧‧Exhaust gas denitration pipeline
21‧‧‧第二閥門 21‧‧‧Second valve
22‧‧‧第八閥門 22‧‧‧ Eighth Valve
30‧‧‧脫硝反應器 30‧‧‧Denitration reactor
31‧‧‧尿素蒸發室 31‧‧‧Urea evaporation chamber
32‧‧‧混合器 32‧‧‧ mixer
33‧‧‧反應室 33‧‧‧Reaction Room
34‧‧‧導流板 34‧‧‧ deflector
35‧‧‧尿素溶液噴槍 35‧‧‧ urea solution spray gun
36‧‧‧第一端 36‧‧‧ the first end
37‧‧‧第二端 37‧‧‧ second end
40‧‧‧廢氣氧化支路 40‧‧‧Exhaust Oxidation Branch
41‧‧‧第三閥門 41‧‧‧Third valve
42‧‧‧氣體氧化器 42‧‧‧Gas Oxidizer
50‧‧‧廢氣集氣箱 50‧‧‧Exhaust gas collecting tank
60‧‧‧尿素供應裝置 60‧‧‧Urea supply device
61‧‧‧尿素罐 61‧‧‧Urea tank
62‧‧‧尿素管路 62‧‧‧Urea line
63‧‧‧第四閥門 63‧‧‧Fourth valve
64‧‧‧計量泵 64‧‧‧ metering pump
66‧‧‧空壓機 66‧‧‧air compressor
67‧‧‧空氣管路 67‧‧‧air line
68‧‧‧第五閥門 68‧‧‧Fifth valve
70‧‧‧尿素清洗管路 70‧‧‧ urea cleaning pipeline
71‧‧‧熱水管路 71‧‧‧ hot water pipeline
72‧‧‧冷水管路 72‧‧‧ cold water pipeline
73‧‧‧第六閥門 73‧‧‧ sixth valve
74‧‧‧第七閥門 74‧‧‧Seventh valve
80‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐 80‧‧‧ waste heat boiler
81‧‧‧消音器 81‧‧‧ Silencer
90‧‧‧渦輪增壓器 90‧‧‧ turbocharger
圖1為本發明實施例中船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship exhaust gas denitration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
下為使本發明的目的、技術方案和優點更加清楚,下面將結合附圖對本發明實施方式作進一步地描述。 In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第1圖為本發明實施例中船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構示意圖。如第1圖所示,本發明實施例之船舶廢氣脫硝系統包括廢氣集氣箱50、廢氣直排管路10、廢氣脫硝管路20、脫硝反應器30、渦輪增壓器90與廢熱鍋爐80,其中,脫硝反應器30連接在廢氣脫硝管路20中,廢氣直排管路10與廢氣脫硝管路20連接在廢氣集氣箱50與廢熱鍋爐80之間,廢氣直排管路10藉由第一閥門11與廢氣集氣箱50之排氣口連接,廢氣脫硝管路20藉由第二閥門21與廢氣集氣箱50之排氣口連接,廢氣脫硝管路20之排氣端藉由第八閥門22與廢氣直排管路10之排氣端連接,渦輪增壓器90連接於廢氣直排管路10和廢氣脫硝管路20之排氣端與廢熱鍋爐80之間,廢熱鍋爐80之排氣口設有消音器81。 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship exhaust gas denitration system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the ship exhaust gas denitration system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an exhaust gas collection tank 50, an exhaust gas straight line 10, an exhaust gas denitration line 20, a denitration reactor 30, a turbocharger 90 and A waste heat boiler 80, in which a denitration reactor 30 is connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20, and the exhaust gas straight discharge pipeline 10 and the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20 are connected between the exhaust gas collection tank 50 and the waste heat boiler 80. The exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the exhaust port of the exhaust gas collecting tank 50 through a first valve 11, and the exhaust gas denitration pipe 20 is connected to the exhaust port of the exhaust gas collecting tank 50 through a second valve 21. The exhaust end of the circuit 20 is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust straight line 10 through an eighth valve 22, and the turbocharger 90 is connected to the exhaust end of the exhaust straight line 10 and the exhaust denitration line 20 and A muffler 81 is provided between the waste heat boiler 80 and an exhaust port of the waste heat boiler 80.
依據船舶所在區域之排放要求,可控制廢氣集氣箱50中之廢氣藉由廢氣直排管路10或廢氣脫硝管路20排出。具體而言,在非ECA區,第一閥門11開啟、第二閥門21與第八閥門22關閉,廢氣集氣箱50中之廢氣經廢氣直排管路10排入廢熱鍋爐80後排出,在ECA區,第一閥門11關閉、第二閥門21與第八閥門22開啟,廢氣集氣箱50中之廢氣經廢氣脫硝管路10進入脫硝反應器30進行脫硝後排入廢熱鍋爐80再排出。 According to the emission requirements of the area where the ship is located, the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas collection tank 50 can be controlled to be exhausted through the exhaust gas straight line 10 or the exhaust gas denitration line 20. Specifically, in the non-ECA area, the first valve 11 is opened, the second valve 21 and the eighth valve 22 are closed, and the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas collection tank 50 is discharged into the waste heat boiler 80 through the exhaust gas straight line 10 and discharged. In the ECA zone, the first valve 11 is closed, the second valve 21 and the eighth valve 22 are opened, and the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas collection tank 50 enters the denitration reactor 30 through the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 10 for denitration and is discharged into the waste heat boiler 80 Drain again.
脫硝反應器30包括尿素蒸發室31、混合器32與反應室33,尿素蒸發室31設有尿素溶液噴槍35與導流板34,混合器32連接尿素蒸發室31與反應室33。具體而言,脫硝反應器30包括位於脫硝反應器30兩端之第一端36與第二端37,脫硝反應器30之進氣口與排氣口位於第一端36,尿素蒸發室31與脫硝反應器30之進氣口連接,反應室33與脫硝反應器30之排氣口連接,尿素蒸發室31由脫硝反應器30之第一端36延伸至第二端37並沿第二端37之側壁延伸,尿素蒸發室31之出口位於遠離第二端37之側壁的一側,混合器32連接尿素蒸發室31之出口與反 應室33之入口,如此,尿素蒸發室31沿脫硝反應器30之側壁繞至混合器32之入口,形成具有轉角之氣體通道,導流板34設置於尿素蒸發室31內靠近第二端37之側壁處,也即位於尿素蒸發室31之轉角處。 The denitration reactor 30 includes a urea evaporation chamber 31, a mixer 32, and a reaction chamber 33. The urea evaporation chamber 31 is provided with a urea solution spray gun 35 and a deflector 34. The mixer 32 connects the urea evaporation chamber 31 and the reaction chamber 33. Specifically, the denitration reactor 30 includes a first end 36 and a second end 37 located at both ends of the denitration reactor 30. The air inlet and exhaust port of the denitration reactor 30 are located at the first end 36, and urea is evaporated. The chamber 31 is connected to the inlet of the denitration reactor 30, the reaction chamber 33 is connected to the exhaust of the denitration reactor 30, and the urea evaporation chamber 31 extends from the first end 36 to the second end 37 of the denitration reactor 30 It extends along the side wall of the second end 37. The outlet of the urea evaporation chamber 31 is located on the side far from the side wall of the second end 37. The mixer 32 connects the outlet of the urea evaporation chamber 31 and the inlet of the reaction chamber 33. Thus, the urea evaporation chamber 31 is wound along the side wall of the denitration reactor 30 to the inlet of the mixer 32 to form a gas channel with a corner. A deflector 34 is disposed in the urea evaporation chamber 31 at a side wall near the second end 37, that is, in the urea evaporation chamber. At the corner of 31.
在本實施例中,藉由將脫硝反應器30之進氣口與排氣口設置於脫硝反應器30之同一端,使得尿素蒸發室31可設置成具有轉角之氣體通道,並在氣體通道之轉角處設置導流板34,如此,廢氣進入尿素蒸發室31後,能夠對反應室33進行預熱並與尿素分解生成之氨氣進行充分混合,混合後之氣體再次進入混合器32中旋轉混合以提高混合均勻性,可有效提高脫硝效率。同時,本發明實施例將尿素蒸發室31、混合器32與反應室33合併於脫硝反應器30中,與尿素蒸發室31、混合器32、反應室33沿廢氣脫硝管路20串聯設置之方式相比,縮短了管路之長度,減少了連接件之設置,使得船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構更加緊湊。 In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet of the denitration reactor 30 are arranged at the same end of the denitration reactor 30, so that the urea evaporation chamber 31 can be set as a gas passage with a corner, and A deflector 34 is provided at the corner of the passage. In this way, after the exhaust gas enters the urea evaporation chamber 31, the reaction chamber 33 can be preheated and fully mixed with the ammonia gas generated by the decomposition of urea. The mixed gas enters the mixer 32 again. Rotary mixing to improve mixing uniformity can effectively improve denitration efficiency. Meanwhile, in the embodiment of the present invention, the urea evaporation chamber 31, the mixer 32, and the reaction chamber 33 are combined in the denitration reactor 30, and the urea evaporation chamber 31, the mixer 32, and the reaction chamber 33 are arranged in series along the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20. Compared with this method, the length of the pipeline is shortened, and the arrangement of the connecting pieces is reduced, so that the structure of the ship exhaust gas denitration system is more compact.
接上述,尿素溶液噴槍35與尿素供應裝置60連接,尿素供應裝置60包括尿素管路62、尿素罐61、空氣管路67與空壓機66,尿素罐61藉由尿素管路62與尿素溶液噴槍35連接,尿素管路62上依次設有計量泵64與第四閥門63,空壓機66藉由第五閥門68與尿素管路62之出口端連接。 Following the above, the urea solution spray gun 35 is connected to the urea supply device 60. The urea supply device 60 includes a urea line 62, a urea tank 61, an air line 67 and an air compressor 66, and the urea tank 61 is connected to the urea solution through the urea line 62 The spray gun 35 is connected, a metering pump 64 and a fourth valve 63 are sequentially arranged on the urea pipeline 62, and the air compressor 66 is connected to the outlet end of the urea pipeline 62 through a fifth valve 68.
進一步地,本實施例之船舶廢氣脫硝系統還包括廢氣氧化支路40,廢氣氧化支路40與廢氣脫硝管路20連接且位於脫硝反應器30與第二閥門21之間,廢氣氧化支路40依次設有第三閥門41與氣體氧化器42。 Further, the ship exhaust gas denitration system of this embodiment further includes an exhaust gas oxidation branch 40, which is connected to the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20 and is located between the denitration reactor 30 and the second valve 21, and the exhaust gas is oxidized The branch 40 is provided with a third valve 41 and a gas oxidizer 42 in this order.
由於柴油機廢氣中NO之含量在NOx中占大部分(90%以上),因而反應室33中通常主要發生標準反應:4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O。惟,NO2之存在會使反應室33中發生快速反應:2NH3+NO+NO2→2N2+3H2O,催化反應之速率較標準反應更快。本發明實施例利用NO在有氧氣之條件下即能被氧化為NO2之不穩定性,從廢氣脫硝管路20中引出一定比例之廢氣(調節第三閥門41之開度)進入氣體 氧化器42內氧化,藉由在氣體氧化器42內連續注入空氣,NO被空氣中之O2氧化成NO2,氧化後之氣體重新注入到廢氣脫硝管路20中,與未氧化之廢氣一起進入脫硝反應器30,從而增加了NOx中NO2之比例,使低溫下之NOx催化轉化效率顯著提高,可有效提高脫硝效率,從而減少氨逃逸。 Because the content of NO in diesel exhaust gas accounts for the majority (more than 90%) of NOx, the standard reaction usually occurs in the reaction chamber 33: 4NH3 + 4NO + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O. However, the presence of NO2 causes a rapid reaction in the reaction chamber 33: 2NH3 + NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3H2O, and the catalytic reaction rate is faster than the standard reaction. In the embodiment of the present invention, the instability of NO can be oxidized to NO2 under the condition of oxygen, and a certain proportion of exhaust gas is adjusted from the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20 (adjusting the opening degree of the third valve 41) into the gas oxidizer. Internal oxidation of 42. By continuously injecting air into the gas oxidizer 42, NO is oxidized to NO2 by O2 in the air, and the oxidized gas is reinjected into the exhaust gas denitration pipeline 20, and enters the denitration together with the unoxidized exhaust gas. The reactor 30, thereby increasing the proportion of NO2 in NOx, significantly improves the catalytic conversion efficiency of NOx at low temperatures, and can effectively improve the denitration efficiency, thereby reducing ammonia escape.
進一步地,本實施例之船舶廢氣脫硝系統還包括尿素清洗管路70,尿素清洗管路70包括熱水管路71與冷水管路72,熱水管路71設置於廢熱鍋爐80之外壁上,熱水管路71藉由第六閥門73與尿素管路62連接,冷水管路72藉由第七閥門74與尿素管路62連接,第六閥門73、第七閥門74與尿素管路62之連接點位於計量泵64與尿素罐61之間,藉由調節第六閥門73與第七閥門74之開度可調節沖洗水之溫度。 Further, the ship exhaust gas denitration system of this embodiment further includes a urea cleaning pipeline 70. The urea cleaning pipeline 70 includes a hot water pipeline 71 and a cold water pipeline 72. The hot water pipeline 71 is disposed on the outer wall of the waste heat boiler 80. The water line 71 is connected to the urea line 62 through a sixth valve 73, the cold water line 72 is connected to the urea line 62 through a seventh valve 74, and the connection points of the sixth valve 73, the seventh valve 74 and the urea line 62 Located between the metering pump 64 and the urea tank 61, the temperature of the flushing water can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degrees of the sixth valve 73 and the seventh valve 74.
在船舶進入非ECA區時,第一閥門11開啟、第二閥門21與第八閥門22關閉,無需尿素溶液供應,此時需要沖洗尿素管路62以避免尿素結晶堵塞管路。具體而言,由船艙內之水箱提供沖洗水,熱水管路71中之沖洗水與廢熱鍋爐80換熱,水溫增加後與冷水管路72中之沖洗水混合,而適當提高沖洗水之溫度,能有效改善沖洗水對尿素管路62和尿素溶液噴槍35內尿素溶液或尿素結晶體之沖洗效果。藉由廢熱鍋爐80對沖洗水進行加熱,無需另外設置加熱裝置,結構緊湊,且有效改善了沖洗效果。 When the ship enters the non-ECA area, the first valve 11 is opened, the second valve 21 and the eighth valve 22 are closed, and no urea solution supply is required. At this time, the urea pipeline 62 needs to be flushed to prevent the urea crystal from blocking the pipeline. Specifically, the flushing water is provided by the water tank in the cabin, and the flushing water in the hot water pipeline 71 exchanges heat with the waste heat boiler 80. After the water temperature increases, it is mixed with the flushing water in the cold water pipeline 72 to appropriately increase the temperature of the flushing water. It can effectively improve the flushing effect of the flushing water on the urea solution 62 and the urea solution spray gun 35 in the urea solution 62 or the urea crystal. The waste heat boiler 80 is used to heat the flushing water without the need for a separate heating device. The structure is compact and the flushing effect is effectively improved.
優選之,以上所述之各閥門均為自動控制閥門。 Preferably, each of the valves described above is an automatic control valve.
綜上所述,本發明之船舶廢氣脫硝系統至少包括如下優點:(1)將尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室合併於脫硝反應器中,與尿素蒸發室、混合器、反應室沿廢氣脫硝管路串聯設置之方式相比,縮短了管路之長度,減少了連接件之設置,使得船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構更加緊湊; (2)藉由將脫硝反應器之進氣口與排氣口設置於脫硝反應器之同一端,使得尿素蒸發室可設置成具有轉角之氣體通道,並於氣體通道之轉角處設置導流板,如此,廢氣進入尿素蒸發室後可對反應室進行預熱並與尿素分解生成之氨氣進行充分混合,混合後之氣體再次進入混合器中旋轉混合以提高混合均勻性,可有效提高脫硝效率;(3)藉由設置氣體氧化器,將廢氣脫硝管路中一定比例之廢氣引入氣體氧化器內氧化,增加了NOx中NO2之比例,使低溫下之NOx催化轉化效率顯著提高,可有效提高脫硝效率,從而減少氨逃逸;(4)利用廢熱鍋爐對尿素管路之沖洗水進行加熱,無需另外設置加熱裝置,結構緊湊,且有效改善了沖洗效果。 In summary, the ship exhaust gas denitration system of the present invention includes at least the following advantages: (1) combining the urea evaporation chamber, the mixer and the reaction chamber in the denitration reactor, along with the urea evaporation chamber, the mixer, and the reaction chamber; Compared with the way in which exhaust gas denitration pipelines are arranged in series, the length of the pipeline is shortened, and the arrangement of connectors is reduced, which makes the structure of the ship's exhaust gas denitration system more compact; (2) The port and the exhaust port are arranged at the same end of the denitration reactor, so that the urea evaporation chamber can be set as a gas channel with a corner, and a deflector is set at the corner of the gas channel. In this way, the exhaust gas can be aligned with the urea evaporation chamber. The reaction chamber is preheated and fully mixed with the ammonia gas generated by the decomposition of urea. The mixed gas enters the mixer again to rotate and mix to improve the mixing uniformity, which can effectively improve the denitration efficiency; (3) by setting a gas oxidizer By introducing a certain proportion of exhaust gas in the exhaust gas denitration pipeline into the gas oxidizer, the proportion of NO2 in NOx is increased, and the catalytic conversion efficiency of NOx at low temperature is significantly improved, which can effectively improve the denitrification Nitrogen efficiency, thereby reducing ammonia escape; (4) The waste water boiler is used to heat the flushing water of the urea pipeline, without the need for additional heating devices, the structure is compact, and the flushing effect is effectively improved.
最後,本發明以具體之實施例來說明其所達到之效果: Finally, the present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the effects achieved:
實施例一: Embodiment one:
對型號為A之柴油機進行廢氣脫硝處理:廢氣由柴油機排出到廢氣集氣箱,自廢氣脫硝管路中引出1/4之廢氣進行氧化後排入脫硝反應器,此時,尿素溶液在計量泵之作用下進入到尿素蒸發室中分解為氨氣,混合氣體在導流板之作用下側向進入混合器中進行旋轉混合,混合後之氣體進入到反應室中發生催化還原反應,反應後之氣體進入渦輪增壓器,隨之進入廢熱鍋爐和消音器,最後排放到大氣中。 Exhaust gas denitration treatment for the diesel engine of type A: the exhaust gas is discharged from the diesel engine to the exhaust gas collection tank, and 1/4 of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas denitration pipeline is oxidized and discharged into the denitration reactor. At this time, the urea solution Under the action of the metering pump, it enters into the urea evaporation chamber and is decomposed into ammonia gas. The mixed gas is laterally mixed into the mixer under the action of the deflector for rotary mixing. The mixed gas enters the reaction chamber to undergo a catalytic reduction reaction. The reacted gas enters the turbocharger, then enters the waste heat boiler and muffler, and is finally discharged into the atmosphere.
脫硝過程結束後,沖洗水進入到與廢熱鍋爐相連之熱水管路中,水被加熱,並藉由調節第六閥門改變進入冷水管路中熱水之流量,熱水和冷水混合後,整體之水溫得到提高,溫度提高後之沖洗水進入到尿素管路中,沖洗後之水藉由尿素溶液噴槍排入到尿素蒸發室內。測試脫硝效率較不使用氣體氧化器提高了5%。 After the denitration process is completed, the flushing water enters the hot water pipeline connected to the waste heat boiler, the water is heated, and the flow of hot water into the cold water pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the sixth valve. After the hot water and cold water are mixed, the whole The water temperature is increased, and the flushing water after the temperature rises enters the urea pipeline, and the flushed water is discharged into the urea evaporation chamber through the urea solution spray gun. The test denitration efficiency was improved by 5% compared to the case without using a gas oxidizer.
實施例二: Embodiment two:
對型號為A之柴油機進行廢氣脫硝處理:廢氣由柴油機排出到廢氣集氣箱,從廢氣脫硝管路中引出1/2之廢氣進行氧化後排入 脫硝反應器,此時,尿素溶液在計量泵之作用下進入到尿素蒸發室中分解為氨氣,混合氣體在導流板之作用下側向進入混合器中進行旋轉混合,混合後之氣體進入到反應室中發生催化還原反應,反應後之氣體進入渦輪增壓器,隨之進入廢熱鍋爐和消音器,最後排放到大氣中。 Exhaust gas denitration treatment for the diesel engine of type A: the exhaust gas is discharged from the diesel engine to the exhaust gas collection tank, and 1/2 of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas denitration pipeline is oxidized and discharged into the denitration reactor. At this time, the urea solution Under the action of the metering pump, it enters into the urea evaporation chamber and is decomposed into ammonia gas. The mixed gas is laterally mixed into the mixer under the action of the deflector for rotary mixing. The mixed gas enters the reaction chamber to undergo a catalytic reduction reaction. The reacted gas enters the turbocharger, then enters the waste heat boiler and muffler, and is finally discharged into the atmosphere.
脫硝過程結束後,沖洗水進入到與廢熱鍋爐相連之熱水管路中,水被加熱,並藉由調節第六閥門改變進入冷水管路中熱水之流量,熱水和冷水混合後,整體之水溫得到提高,溫度提高後之水進入到尿素管路中,沖洗後之水藉由尿素溶液噴槍排入到尿素蒸發室內。測試脫硝效率較不使用氣體氧化器提高了10%。 After the denitration process is completed, the flushing water enters the hot water pipeline connected to the waste heat boiler, the water is heated, and the flow of hot water into the cold water pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the sixth valve. After the hot water and cold water are mixed, the whole The water temperature is increased. After the temperature is increased, the water enters the urea pipeline, and the flushed water is discharged into the urea evaporation chamber through the urea solution spray gun. The test denitration efficiency is increased by 10% compared to the case without using a gas oxidizer.
實施例三: Embodiment three:
對型號為A之柴油機進行廢氣脫硝處理:廢氣由柴油機排出到廢氣集氣箱,從廢氣脫硝管路中引出1/8之廢氣進行氧化後排入脫硝反應器,此時,尿素溶液在計量泵之作用下進入到尿素蒸發室中分解為氨氣,混合氣體在導流板之作用下側向進入混合器中進行旋轉混合,混合後之氣體進入到反應室中發生催化還原反應,反應後之氣體進入渦輪增壓器,隨之進入廢熱鍋爐和消音器,最後排放到大氣中。 Exhaust gas denitration treatment for diesel engine of type A: The exhaust gas is discharged from the diesel engine to the exhaust gas collection tank, and 1/8 of the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas denitration pipeline is oxidized and discharged into the denitration reactor. At this time, the urea solution Under the action of the metering pump, it enters into the urea evaporation chamber and is decomposed into ammonia gas. The mixed gas is laterally mixed into the mixer under the action of the deflector for rotary mixing. The mixed gas enters the reaction chamber to undergo a catalytic reduction reaction. The reacted gas enters the turbocharger, then enters the waste heat boiler and muffler, and is finally discharged into the atmosphere.
脫硝過程結束後,沖洗水進入到與廢熱鍋爐相連之熱水管路中,水被加熱,並藉由調節第六閥門改變進入冷水管路中熱水之流量,熱水和冷水混合後,整體之水溫得到提高,溫度提高後之水進入到尿素管路中,沖洗後之水藉由尿素溶液噴槍排入到尿素蒸發室內。測試脫硝效率較不使用氣體氧化器提高了2%。 After the denitration process is completed, the flushing water enters the hot water pipeline connected to the waste heat boiler, the water is heated, and the flow of hot water into the cold water pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the sixth valve. After the hot water and cold water are mixed, the whole The water temperature is increased. After the temperature is increased, the water enters the urea pipeline, and the flushed water is discharged into the urea evaporation chamber through the urea solution spray gun. The test denitration efficiency was improved by 2% compared to the case without using a gas oxidizer.
以上所述僅為本發明的較佳實施例,並不用以限制本發明,凡在本發明的精神和原則之內,所作的任何修改、等同替換、改進等,均應包含在本發明的保護範圍之內。 The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. Within range.
本發明之船舶廢氣脫硝系統至少包括如下優點: (1)將尿素蒸發室、混合器與反應室合併於脫硝反應器中,與尿素蒸發室、混合器、反應室沿廢氣脫硝管路串聯設置之方式相比,縮短了管路之長度,減少了連接件之設置,使得船舶廢氣脫硝系統之結構更加緊湊;(2)藉由將脫硝反應器之進氣口與排氣口設置於脫硝反應器之同一端,使得尿素蒸發室可設置成具有轉角之氣體通道,並於氣體通道之轉角處設置導流板,如此,廢氣進入尿素蒸發室後可對反應室進行預熱並與尿素分解生成之氨氣進行充分混合,混合後之氣體再次進入混合器中旋轉混合以提高混合均勻性,可有效提高脫硝效率;(3)藉由設置氣體氧化器,將廢氣脫硝管路中一定比例之廢氣引入氣體氧化器內氧化,增加了NOx中NO2之比例,使低溫下之NOx催化轉化效率顯著提高,可有效提高脫硝效率,從而減少氨逃逸;(4)利用廢熱鍋爐對尿素管路之沖洗水進行加熱,無需另外設置加熱裝置,結構緊湊,且有效改善了沖洗效果。 The ship exhaust gas denitration system of the present invention includes at least the following advantages: (1) Combine the urea evaporation chamber, mixer, and reaction chamber in a denitration reactor, and the urea evaporation chamber, mixer, and reaction chamber along the exhaust gas denitration pipeline Compared with the tandem installation method, the length of the pipeline is shortened, and the arrangement of the connecting pieces is reduced, which makes the structure of the ship's exhaust gas denitration system more compact; (2) by connecting the inlet and exhaust ports of the denitration reactor It is set at the same end of the denitration reactor, so that the urea evaporation chamber can be set as a gas channel with a corner, and a baffle is set at the corner of the gas channel. In this way, after the exhaust gas enters the urea evaporation chamber, the reaction chamber can be preheated It is fully mixed with the ammonia gas generated by the decomposition of urea, and the mixed gas is re-entered into the mixer to be mixed by rotation to improve the uniformity of the mixture, which can effectively improve the denitration efficiency; (3) The exhaust gas is denitrated by setting a gas oxidizer A certain proportion of exhaust gas in the pipeline is introduced into the gas oxidizer for oxidation, which increases the proportion of NO2 in NOx, which significantly improves the catalytic conversion efficiency of NOx at low temperature, which can effectively improve the denitration efficiency. And reduce ammonia escape; (4) Utilize waste heat boiler to heat the flushing water of the urea pipeline, no additional heating device is needed, the structure is compact, and the flushing effect is effectively improved.
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CN108854532B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2021-02-26 | 东南大学 | Ship tail gas denitration SCR reactor |
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