TWI653034B - 使用經抑制之繞射級的多焦繞射眼用水晶體 - Google Patents

使用經抑制之繞射級的多焦繞射眼用水晶體 Download PDF

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TWI653034B
TWI653034B TW104103263A TW104103263A TWI653034B TW I653034 B TWI653034 B TW I653034B TW 104103263 A TW104103263 A TW 104103263A TW 104103263 A TW104103263 A TW 104103263A TW I653034 B TWI653034 B TW I653034B
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crystal
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崔明澤
洪鑫
雨艾 劉
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諾華公司
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    • A61F2/1616—Pseudo-accommodative, e.g. multifocal or enabling monovision
    • A61F2/1618—Multifocal lenses
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
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    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
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    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
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    • G02C7/041—Contact lenses for the eyes bifocal; multifocal
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
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    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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    • A61F2250/0053—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in optical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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Abstract

一種多焦眼用水晶體，其包括一眼用水晶體以及一繞射元件。該眼用水晶體具有一對應於基底度數之基底曲率。該繞射元件會在至少四個對應於近距與遠距視力間之視力範圍內之連續繞射級數中，產生長相干涉。該長相干涉會產生一近距焦點；一對應於該眼用水晶體之基底屈光度之遠距焦點以及一介於該近距焦點與該遠距焦點之間之中間焦點。該繞射級數中之至少一個之繞射效率，被抑制至低於10%。

Description

使用經抑制之繞射級的多焦繞射眼用水晶體 發明領域
本申請案請求於2014年5月15日提申之美國臨時申請案第61/993892號之優先權。
本發明概略而言有關一種多焦眼用水晶體，更明確地，有關一種經抑制之繞射級的多焦繞射眼用水晶體。
發明背景
人的眼睛，是利用光透過稱作角膜之清澈的外部折射，然後經由水晶體折射進入視網膜，而提供視覺功能。聚焦影像之品質，取決於許多的因子，包括眼睛的大小以及形狀，以及角膜與水晶體之透明度。當年紀或疾病導致水晶體變得較不透明時，視力因視網膜影像品質減低而惡化。此有關眼睛水晶體之光學品質的減低，醫學上稱作白內障。此病況之公認的治療方法，是手術移除水晶體，然後以具水晶體功能之人工眼內水晶體(IOL)置換。當眼睛老化時，亦可能會失去改變焦距至近焦點之能力，稱作調節功能。此調節功能會隨著年紀喪失，稱作老花眼。
在美國，大部分的白內障晶體，係用稱作超音波 晶體乳化術之手術技術移除。在此過程期間，切除前囊之一部分，然後用薄超音波乳化切割尖嘴插進患病的晶體並超音波振盪。振盪的切割尖嘴會液化或乳化晶體之核心以及基質層，如此可將晶體從眼睛中吸出。患病的晶體之核心以及基質層一旦移除，就以人工眼內水晶體(IOL)取代置於剩餘的囊中(in-the-bag)。為了至少部分恢復病人能看近距離焦點的能力，植入的IOL可能需為多焦水晶體。
一種常見類型之多焦水晶體是繞射型水晶體，諸如能提供遠距視力與近距(或中間)視力之雙焦水晶體。也可以是三焦繞射水晶體，其可提供額外的焦點，且至少可能地，較廣範圍之聚焦視力。然而，仍存在關於在多焦點中，分配光能之缺點，特別是在三焦水晶體中。因此，仍存在改善多焦繞射水晶體之需求。
發明概要
在本發明之各種具體例中，多焦眼用水晶體包括一眼用水晶體以及一繞射元件。該眼用水晶體具有一對應於一基底屈光度之基底曲率。該繞射元件可於至少四個對應於近距與遠距視力間之視力範圍內之連續繞射級數中，產生結構性干涉。該結構性干涉會產生一近距焦點、一對應於該眼用水晶體之基底屈光度之遠距焦點以及一介在該近距焦點與該遠距焦點之間之中間焦點。該繞射級數中之至少一個之繞射效率，被抑制至低於10%。
參照下列說明後，本發明之各種具體例之其它特 徵以及優點，對熟悉技藝之人士而言將顯而易見。
100‧‧‧多焦繞射眼用水晶體(IOL)
102‧‧‧繞射元件
103‧‧‧環形繞射階梯
104‧‧‧光學元件
106‧‧‧襻
A 1 、A 2 、A 3 ‧‧‧相對於基底水晶體之基底曲率
y‧‧‧對應段之下陷度
φ i 、φ 2 、φ 3 ‧‧‧x軸上之相對相延遲
x i 、x 2 、x 3 ‧‧‧沿著x軸之階梯的位置
圖1描述根據本發明之特定具體例之眼內水晶體；圖2描述根據本發明之特定具體例之繞射階梯配置；以及圖3-8係說明根據本發明之特定具體例之特定繞射階梯配置之表。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
本發明之各種具體例提供一種具有至少一個經抑制之繞射級數之多焦繞射眼用水晶體。藉由抑制一個繞射級數，可以修改習用繞射水晶體之水晶體性能。例如，已知的三焦繞射水晶體會分配多繞射焦點之間之光線，諸如(-1,0,+1)級焦點或(0,+1,+2)級焦點。
相反地，本發明之各種具體例提供至少三個對應於繞射級數之焦點，其中至少一個中間繞射級數被抑制。此使得中間聚焦不是更靠近近距視力，就是更靠近遠距視力，其在各別的焦點周圍提供更廣範圍的視力。此外，抑制其它中間級數，可分配其它焦點更多的能量，此可提供更可用的視力。在下列的說明中，有關眼用水晶體引用之焦點，意指在從約30cm之一般的近距視力，延伸至遠距視力(基本上以無限距離而來之共線光線為模型)之視力範圍內之對應的繞射焦點。此排除繞射水晶體中，落在視力範 圍外之假更高的級數，此僅提供不想要的光作用。因此，例如，即使名義上雙焦的繞射水晶體，包括從結構性干涉而來之較高級數的繞射焦點，但在此發明方面，此等不應視為眼用水晶體之焦點。
在其它具體例中，多焦繞射水晶體可產生對應於至少四個連續繞射級數之焦點，其包含至少一個小於最近距增加屈光度之一半之焦點，以及至少一個大於該最近距增加屈光度之一半之其它焦點。此可能優於習用三焦水晶體，其具有一最近距增加屈光度之一半之增加屈光度。此中間視力對應於該近距視力距離之二倍，如此假如近距增加屈光度對應於40cm之工作距離，一般的閱讀距離，則該中間視力距離將為80cm。假定一般的中間工作距離在60cm處，則在最常用的工作距離處，無法提供銳聚焦，其會落在近距與中間焦點之間。相反的，具對應於近距增加屈光度2/3之焦點，可提供對應於該中間工作距離60cm處之焦點。
圖1說明一多焦繞射眼用水晶體(IOL)100之特定具體例，其包括繞射元件102。繞射元件102包含繞射階梯104(亦稱作區域)，具有一特有的徑向分隔，以便在特有的焦點處產生結構性干涉。原則上，任何會在干涉區中透過相位移而產生結構性干涉(一般稱作全像術)之繞射元件，均可用於此一多焦繞射眼用水晶體。且，雖然描述的繞射元件是環形區域，但可想像該區域亦可為部分的，諸如半圓形或扇形區。雖然下列敘述有關包括環形繞射階梯103之繞 射元件102，但熟悉此技藝之人士應了解，於任何在此揭露之具體例中，可以適合的取代物取代。
IOL 100亦包括光學元件104，繞射元件102坐落於其上。光學元件104決定水晶體之基底光學屈光度，其典型地對應於病人之遠距視力。但非總是如此；例如，非主視眼可能裝上基底光學屈光度稍微小於病人之對應的遠距屈光度之IOL，以便改善雙眼之整體雙眼視力。無論如何，IOL之增加屈光度，可針對基底光學屈光度作定義。襻106可抓住IOL 100就定位，使其安定的固定在囊袋內。雖然範例中所述的是襻臂，但在後房IOL中，亦可使用任何適合用於囊袋或與後房植入相容之睫狀溝之襻固定結構。
雖然以下範例論述有關後房IOL 100，但其它眼用水晶體，包括多焦繞射眼鏡以及多焦繞射隱形眼鏡，亦可能因相同的方式而得利。水晶體相對於光學軸之知識以及固定的位置，使得此應用特別有利於眼內水晶體，包括角膜內、前房以及後房水晶體。然而，此沒有排除多焦點在其它應用上之用途。
圖2更詳細的說明可用於眼用水晶體，諸如圖1之IOL 100，之繞射階梯結構。特別是，圖2描述一種三階梯之重覆繞射結構，其在視力範圍內之四個不同的焦點處，會產生有關結構性干涉之相位關係。沿著按比例縮放之徑向軸(x軸)之連續徑向階梯之邊界處之階梯相關性，單位r 2 -間隔，如下：
其中A i 是相對於基底水晶體之基底曲率(基底光學屈光度)之對應的階梯高度(排除恆定相位延遲φ i )，y i 是對應段之下陷度(高於或低於x軸之高度)，φ i 是x軸上之相對相延遲，以及x i 是沿著x軸之階梯的位置。對熟悉繞射光學之技藝之人士而言，很顯而易見地，在方程式中所指之徑向位置是r 2 -間隔(即，按拋物線比例縮放)，被認為是區域間隔。在特定具體例中，可選擇參數，使得該等焦點中之一個被抑制，也就是說，光能比焦點之間所分配的低，如此無法再看到此聚焦的影像。此符合低於入射光能之10%之光能，如，雙焦水晶體之低於入射光能10%之假繞射級數，事實上不會產生個別可見的影像。聚焦在特定級數之入射光能之分率，稱作“繞射效率”。
所列示出之相的關係，是相對於由IOL之基底屈光度所決定之基弧，對應於水晶體之零級繞射焦點。區域x i 之徑向間隔，一般是依照菲涅爾區(Fresnel zone)決定，r 2 間隔是由繞射增加屈光度決定，然而可以此技藝中已知之方法，調整組件之間之相對的相關係作改變，稍微的修飾焦點之間之能量分佈。在以下所列出之範例中，用來產生四個焦點之間隔，應假設是依照已知之菲涅爾圖形。此類似於在美國專利案第5,344,447號以及第5,760,817號，以及PCT公開案WO 2010/0093975(其等在此併入本案以為參考)中所述之三焦方法。亦可藉由美國專利案第5,699,142號中所述之方法，切趾繞射階梯(大幅地減低相對於名義上的相關係之階梯高度)，漸近地降低至近距焦點之能量，以減低 炫光。
圖3-8提供(0,+1,+2,+3)繞射水晶體之多焦點的具體例之範例，在此+1級數被抑制。此有利地在近距增加屈光度之2/3處，提供中間焦點，分別對應於在60cm與40cm距離處之聚焦影像。特別地，與習用雙焦水晶體之繞射效率相比，遠距視力(零級)焦點之繞射效率，可能接近40%，而經抑制的一級焦點之繞射效率，可能低於5%，同時仍分別提供在正常工作距離60cm與40cm之可見的中間以及近距焦點。與習用多焦相比，此更接近無老花病況之病人可使用之全範圍的工作視力。
雖然在此敘述了特定具體例，但熟悉此技藝之人士應可領會，可能有許多的變化。特別是，在此所述之具體例是使用(0,+1,+2,+3)繞射級數，+1級數被抑制之多焦後房IOL。此四級數的具體例可使用不同的連續繞射級數，諸如從-4至-1。雖然遠距視力需要包括零級，但情況不必然受此約束。最後，該方法原則上可應用於超過四個繞射級數；例如，五級繞射水晶體可能具有增加的屈光度，包括二個中間屈光度、一近距屈光度以及一經抑制的中間屈光度。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種多焦眼用水晶體，其包含：一眼用水晶體，具有一對應於一基底屈光度之基底曲率；以及一繞射元件，該繞射元件可於至少四個對應於近距與遠距視力間之視力範圍內之連續繞射級數中產生結構性干涉，其中該結構性干涉會產生一近距焦點、一對應於該眼用水晶體之基底屈光度之遠距焦點以及一介在該近距焦點與該遠距焦點之間之中間焦點，以及其中該至少四個連續級數是(0,+1,+2,+3)且該+1級數之繞射效率被抑制至低於10%。
  2. 如請求項1之水晶體，其中該水晶體是眼內水晶體(IOL)。
  3. 如請求項2之水晶體，其中該IOL是後房IOL。
  4. 如請求項3之水晶體，其中該後房IOL是建構成可植入一囊袋中。
  5. 如請求項1之水晶體，其中該近距焦點對應於在40cm處之視力，而該中間焦點對應於在60cm處之視力。
  6. 如請求項1之水晶體，其中該繞射元件包含複數個環形繞射階梯。
  7. 如請求項1之水晶體，其中該繞射階梯在連續徑向階梯邊界處，具有相對於該眼用水晶體之基底曲率之對應階梯高度，如下：
    Figure TWI653034B_C0001
    其中A i 是相對於該基底水晶體之基底曲率(基底光學屈光度)之對應的階梯高度，y i 是對應段之下陷度(高於或低於x軸之高度)，φ i 是x軸上之相對相延遲，以及x i 是沿著x軸之階梯的位置。
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