CN111123553A - 使用受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片 - Google Patents

使用受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片 Download PDF

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CN111123553A
CN111123553A CN202010044633.8A CN202010044633A CN111123553A CN 111123553 A CN111123553 A CN 111123553A CN 202010044633 A CN202010044633 A CN 202010044633A CN 111123553 A CN111123553 A CN 111123553A
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刘月爱
M-T·崔
洪昕
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Alcon Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及使用受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片。一种多焦点眼科镜片包括眼科镜片和衍射元件。所述眼科镜片具有对应于基准焦度的基准曲率。所述衍射元件在对应于近视力与远视力之间的视力范围的至少四个连续衍射级中产生相长干涉。所述相长干涉产生对应于所述眼科镜片的所述基准焦度的近焦点、远焦点以及所述近焦点与所述远焦点之间的中间焦点。所述衍射级中的至少一个的衍射效率被抑制到小于10％。

Description

使用受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片
本申请是中国申请号为201510050430.9、申请日为2015年1月30日的、名称为“使用受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及多焦点眼科镜片，并且更具体地涉及一种具有受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片。
背景技术
人眼的功能是通过经由称为角膜的透明外部折射光线并且借助于晶状体将光线折射到视网膜上来提供视力。聚焦图像的质量取决于诸多因素，包括眼睛的大小和形状以及角膜和晶状体的透明度。当老化或疾病导致晶状体变得异常时，视力因视网膜成像质量的损失而劣化。眼睛晶状体的这种光学质量的损失在医学上称为白内障。这种病况的公认疗法是手术移除晶状体并且用人工眼内镜片(IOL)代替晶状体功能。随着眼睛老化，眼睛也会丧失改变成聚焦到更近焦点的能力(称为调节力)。这种随着老化产生的调节力丧失称为老花眼。
在美国，大多数白内障晶状体是通过称为晶状体乳化法的外科技术来移除。在这个过程中，移除前襄膜的一部分，并且将薄的晶状体乳化切削刀头插入至患病的晶状体中并进行超声振动。振动的切削刀头液化或乳化晶状体的核和皮质，使得晶状体可被吸出眼睛。一旦患病的晶状体的核和皮质被移除，就在剩余的囊膜中(袋中)用人工眼内镜片(IOL)来进行替换。为了至少部分地恢复患者在近距离处聚焦观看的能力，所植入的IOL可以是多焦点镜片。
一种常用类型的多焦点镜片是衍射镜片，诸如提供远视力和近(或中间)视力的双焦点镜片。三焦点衍射镜片也是可用的，它提供另外焦点并且至少潜在地提供更广的聚焦视力范围。但是，存在与在多个焦点之间、尤其是在三焦点镜片中分配光能相关联的缺点。因此，仍然需要改进的多焦点衍射镜片。
发明内容
在本发明的各个实施方案中，一种多焦点眼科镜片包括眼科镜片和衍射元件。眼科镜片具有对应于基准焦度的基准曲率。衍射元件在对应于近视力与远视力之间的视力范围的至少四个连续衍射级中产生相长干涉。相长干涉产生对应于眼科镜片的基准焦度的近焦点、远焦点以及近焦点与远焦点之间的中间焦点。衍射级中的至少一个的衍射效率被抑制到小于10％。
本领域的技术人员将根据以下描述明白本发明的各个实施方案的其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明特定实施方案的眼内镜片；
图2示出根据本发明特定实施方案的衍射阶梯布置；以及
图3-图8是示出根据本发明特定实施方案的特定衍射阶梯布置的表格。
具体实施方式
本发明的各个实施方案提供一种具有至少一个受抑衍射级的多焦点衍射眼科镜片。通过抑制一个衍射级，镜片的性能可相对于常规衍射镜片有所调整。例如，已知的三焦点衍射镜片在多衍射焦点诸如(-1、0、+1)级焦点或(0、+1、+2)级焦点之间对光进行划分。
相比之下，本发明的各个实施方案提供对应于衍射级的至少三个焦点，其中至少一个中间衍射级被抑制。这提供更靠近远视力或近视力的中间焦点，从而提供对应焦点周围的更广的视力范围。此外，抑制其它中间级将更多的能量分配给其它焦点，从而可提供更有用的视力。在以下描述中，提及的眼科镜片的焦点是指从观察周围30cm的常用近视觉力延伸至远视力(基本上被模型化为来自无穷远处的共线光射线)的视力范围内的相应衍射焦点。这排除衍射镜片位于视力范围外的伪高级，这些伪高级只提供不需要的光效应。因此，例如，即使标称上为双焦点的衍射镜片包括来自相长干涉的高级衍射焦点，但是出于本说明书的目的，不应将那些焦点视为眼科镜片的焦点。
在其它实施方案中，多焦点衍射镜片产生对应于至少四个连续衍射级的焦点，包括小于最近附加焦度(add power)的一半的至少一个焦点以及大于最近附加焦度的一半的至少另一个焦点。这可能优于所具有的附加焦度是最近附加焦度的一半的常规三焦点镜片。这种中间视力对应于两倍近视力距离，使得如果近附加焦度对应于40cm的工作距离、即常规阅读距离，那么中间视觉距离将为80cm。假设常用中间工作距离在60cm处，这在最常用的工作距离处将不提供锐聚焦，锐聚焦将落在近焦点和中间焦点之间。相比之下，具有对应于近附加焦度的2/3的焦点的镜片将在对应于中间工作距离的60cm处提供焦点。
图1示出包括衍射元件102的多焦点衍射眼科镜片(IOL)100的特定实施方案。衍射元件102包括衍射阶梯104(也称为带)，衍射阶梯具有在特征焦点处产生相长干涉的特征径向间隔。原则上，通过干涉带中的相移产生相长干涉(通常称为全息图)的任何衍射元件均可适用于这种多焦点衍射眼科镜片。另外，虽然将衍射元件示出为具有环形带，但也可想到这些带是局部的，诸如半圆形或扇形带。虽然以下描述将关于包括环形衍射阶梯103的衍射元件102，但本领域的技术人员应理解，可在本文公开的任何实施方案中做出合适的替代。
IOL 100还包括衍射元件102位于其上的光学件104。光学件104确定镜片的基准焦度，基准焦度通常对应于患者的远视力。情况无需总是如此；例如，非主视眼可具有基准焦度略小于患者的相应远距焦度的IOL，以便提高两眼的总体双眼视力。无论如何，可相对于基准焦度限定IOL的附加焦度。襻106将IOL 100保持在适当的位置，从而在囊袋内提供稳定固定。尽管在实施例中描述了襻臂，但与眼后房植入物相容的用于囊袋或睫状沟的任何合适襻固定结构也可用于眼后房IOL。
尽管以下实施例涉及眼后房IOL 100，但包括多焦点衍射眼镜和多焦点衍射隐形眼镜的其它眼科镜片也可受益于同一方法。镜片相对于光轴的已知和固定位置使得此类应用对于包括角膜内镜片、眼前房镜片以及眼后房镜片的眼内镜片特别有利。但是，这并不排除多焦点在其它应用中的实用性。
图2更详细地示出对诸如图1的IOL 100的眼科镜片有用的衍射阶梯结构。具体地，图2示出在视力范围内的四个不同焦点处产生相长干涉的相位关系的三阶梯重复衍射结构。沿标度径向轴(x轴)在r2空间中测量的连续径向阶梯边界处的阶梯关系如下：
Figure BDA0002368941980000041
其中Ai为相对于基准镜片的基准曲率(基准光焦度)的相应阶梯高度(排除恒定相位延迟
Figure BDA0002368941980000042
)；yi为相应区段中的垂度(在x轴之上或之下的高度)；
Figure BDA0002368941980000043
为与x轴的相对相位延迟；并且xi为阶梯沿x轴的位置。如衍射光学领域的技术人员将明白，式中指示的径向位置是在r2空间(即抛物线标度)，这是针对带间距所期望的。在特定实施方案中，选择参数以使得焦点之一被抑制，也就是说相对于焦点之间的划分降低光能，使得聚焦图像不再是视觉上可察觉的。这对应于小于入射光能的10％的光能，如以下事实所暗示：伪衍射级小于入射光能的10％的双焦点镜片不会导致可单独察觉的图像。聚焦在特定级的入射光能的分数称为“衍射效率”。
所列出的相位关系是相对于由IOL的基准焦度确定的基准曲线给出，基准焦度对应于镜片的零级衍射焦点。尽管带的径向间距xi一般基于如由衍射附加焦度确定的r2空间中的普通菲涅耳带间距来确定，但带的径向间距可改变以通过现有技术中已知的方式调整部件间的相对相位关系，从而稍微修改焦点之间的能量分配。在下面列出的实施例中，应假定间距是根据已知的用于产生四焦点的菲涅耳图案。这与例如全部通过引用并入的美国专利号5,344,447和5,760,817以及PCT公布WO 2010/0093975中所描述的三焦点方法类似。衍射阶梯还可被切趾(相对于标称相位关系逐渐降低阶梯高度)，以便通过以美国专利号5,699,142中描述的方式逐步降低传到近焦点的能量来降低强光。
图3-8提供(0、+1、+2、+3)衍射镜片的示例性多焦点实施方案，其中+1级被抑制。这有利地在近附加焦度的2/3处提供中间焦点，分别对应于60cm和40cm距离处的聚焦图像。值得注意的是，远视力(零级)焦点的衍射效率可接近40％，相当于常规双焦点镜片的衍射效率，并且受抑第一级焦点的衍射效率可小于5％，然而仍分别在60cm和40cm的正常工作距离处提供可视的中间焦点和近焦点。与常规多焦点相比，这更接近患者在无老花眼病症时将使用的工作视力的全范围。
尽管本文已经描述了特定实施方案，但本领域的技术人员将了解，各种变型均是可能的。具体地，本文描述的实施方案为使用(0、+1、+2、+3)衍射级且+1级被抑制的多焦点眼后房IOL。这种四级实施方案可使用不同的连续衍射级，诸如以从例如-4到-1的顺序开始。而且，虽然期待包括零级以用于远视力，但那种情况不是必要的约束。最后，所述方法原则上可应用于多于四个衍射级；例如，五级衍射镜片可具有包括两个中间焦度、一个近焦度以及一个受抑中间焦度的附加焦度。
本申请要求2014年5月15日提交的美国临时申请号61/993892的优先权。

Claims (10)

1.一种多焦点眼科镜片，包括：
眼科镜片，所述眼科镜片具有前表面和后表面；以及
衍射元件，所述衍射元件布置在所述前表面和所述后表面中的至少一个上，所述衍射元件包括多个环形衍射阶梯和四个连续衍射级；
其中：
所述眼科镜片产生分别对应于所述四个连续衍射级中的不同衍射级的近焦点、中间焦点和远焦点；并且
所述衍射元件的多个环形衍射阶梯被配置为使得所述四个连续衍射级中的一个被抑制，并且与被抑制的衍射级相关联的能量的至少一部分被重新分配到所述近焦点、所述中间焦点和所述远焦点中的一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镜片，其中所述镜片为眼内镜片IOL。
3.根据权利要求2所述的镜片，其中所述IOL为眼后房IOL。
4.根据权利要求3所述的镜片，其中所述眼后房IOL构造成被植入在囊袋中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的镜片，其中：
所述四个连续衍射级包括最低衍射级、最高衍射级和两个中间衍射级；以及
所述被抑制的衍射级是所述两个中间衍射级中的一个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的镜片，其中所述四个连续衍射级为0衍射级、+1衍射级、+2衍射级、+3衍射级。
7.根据权利要求6所述的镜片，其中所述被抑制的衍射级是所述+1衍射级。
8.根据权利要求7所述的镜片，其中与所述+1衍射级相关联的能量的至少一部分被重新分配到所述远焦点。
9.根据权利要求1所述的镜片，其中所述近焦点对应于40cm处的视力，并且所述中间焦点对应于60cm处的视力。
10.一种多焦点眼科镜片，包括：
眼科镜片，所述眼科镜片具有基准曲率、前表面和后表面；以及
衍射元件，所述衍射元件布置在所述前表面和所述后表面中的至少一个上，所述衍射元件包括多个环形衍射阶梯，所述多个环形衍射阶梯中的每一个都具有相对于所述基准曲率的对应阶梯高度，所述多个环形衍射阶梯包括至少两个三个衍射阶梯的重复组，每个三个衍射阶梯的重复组的阶梯高度被如下限定为：
Figure FDA0002368941970000021
其中Ai为相对于所述基准曲率的阶梯高度；yi为区段i中的垂度；
Figure FDA0002368941970000022
为与x轴的相对相位延迟；并且xi为所述阶梯沿所述x轴的位置。
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