TWI642164B - 電子設備、層疊晶粒封裝、計算裝置以及封裝製造方法 - Google Patents
電子設備、層疊晶粒封裝、計算裝置以及封裝製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI642164B TWI642164B TW104138085A TW104138085A TWI642164B TW I642164 B TWI642164 B TW I642164B TW 104138085 A TW104138085 A TW 104138085A TW 104138085 A TW104138085 A TW 104138085A TW I642164 B TWI642164 B TW I642164B
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Classifications
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- H01L2924/18161—Exposing the passive side of the semiconductor or solid-state body of a flip chip
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
描述於一層疊積體電路封裝中的整合式被動組件。於一個實施例中,一設備具有一基體,於該基體上方耦合至該基體的一第一晶粒,該第一晶粒包括一電源供應電路耦合至該基體以接收電力,於該第一晶粒上方具有一處理核心且耦合至該第一晶粒的一第二晶粒,該第一晶粒係耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心,貫穿該第一晶粒的一通孔,及形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
Description
本文描述係有關於層疊處理器封裝中的晶粒之通孔中的積體被動元件領域及特別有關於電力輸送之積體組件。
發展高功率處理器封裝而具有更多處理核心及不同類型的處理核心。此等核心要求自一外部電源供應器的電力輸送。於許多情況下,一整合式電壓調節器涵括於一晶粒上作為一處理核心的一部分。該電壓調節器要求大型被動組件諸如電感器及電容器置於某個外部位置。隨著使用更多個核心,需要更多的外部被動組件。
於其它實施例中,該電壓調節器係在具有非核心晶粒的一分開晶粒(諸如I/O、記憶體控制器、及電源控制單元)及係與在晶粒上方有處理器核心的該晶粒且針對各個核心與一電壓調節器封裝。如此允許晶粒內有更多空間,微處理器核心變成可用且將電源電路與核心處理電路絕緣。
仍然用於電壓調節器的大型被動電感器及電容器置於透過通孔、連結凸塊、或若干其它構件可到達的某個外部位置。被動組件當與高速數位電路及與高密度互連格柵絕緣時提供較高Q因數。被動組件當其製作成比處理核心的該等組件或甚至電壓調節器晶粒更大時也提供較高的Q因數。又,被動組件當其位置接近核心處理電路時的效能更佳。
依據本發明之一實施例,係特地提出一種設備,其包含:於該基體上方耦合至該基體的一第一晶粒,該第一晶粒包括一電源供應電路耦合至該基體以接收電力;於該第一晶粒上方具有一處理核心且耦合至該第一晶粒的一第二晶粒,該第一晶粒係耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心;貫穿該第一晶粒的一通孔;及形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
2‧‧‧系統板、主機板
4‧‧‧處理器
6‧‧‧通訊封裝、通訊晶片
8‧‧‧動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)
9‧‧‧唯讀記憶體(ROM)
10‧‧‧大容量儲存裝置、大容量記憶體
12‧‧‧圖形處理器
14‧‧‧晶片組
16‧‧‧天線
18‧‧‧顯示器
20‧‧‧觸控螢幕控制器
22‧‧‧電池
24‧‧‧功率放大器
26‧‧‧全球定位系統(GPS)裝置
28‧‧‧羅盤
30‧‧‧揚聲器
32‧‧‧相機
100‧‧‧計算裝置
102、202‧‧‧3D層疊伺服器組態封裝
104、204、304、404、804、928、948‧‧‧封裝基體
106、206、306、406、702、806‧‧‧非核心晶粒
108、208、308、408、808‧‧‧核心晶粒
110、210、310、410、506、508、810‧‧‧磁芯電感器(MCI)
112、212、312、412、812‧‧‧高密度金屬-絕緣體-金屬(MIM)電容器
114、214、314、414‧‧‧電壓調節器電路、電晶體
120、122、220、222、320、322、420、422‧‧‧電路
124‧‧‧散熱座
130、134、830‧‧‧底面、匹配連結襯墊、基體連結
132、136‧‧‧頂面、匹配連結襯墊、基體連結
230‧‧‧接地連結
234‧‧‧VIN連接器
302、402‧‧‧封裝
338、348、820、904、924、954、956‧‧‧貫穿矽通孔(TSV)
340‧‧‧焊料球格柵、微凸塊焊料格柵
502、602、706、902、922、942、944、946‧‧‧晶粒、矽晶粒
504、604‧‧‧切口
510、610‧‧‧底板
512‧‧‧垂直壁
514、614‧‧‧磁芯材料
516、616‧‧‧銅佈線
612‧‧‧側壁
704‧‧‧孔隙
708‧‧‧第一傳導層
710‧‧‧介電層
712‧‧‧第二傳導層
802‧‧‧3D層疊F2B封裝
816、818‧‧‧電路層
822‧‧‧重新分配層
824‧‧‧微凸塊
826‧‧‧路由層
906‧‧‧圖樣化傳導層
908‧‧‧圖樣化層
910‧‧‧連結襯墊
926‧‧‧連結層
930‧‧‧連結陣列
932、958‧‧‧模塑材料、包封劑
本發明之實施例係於附圖之圖式中舉例例示,而非限制性,附圖中類似的元件符號係指相似的元件。
圖1為依據一實施例於第一及第二晶粒上具有電源輸送組件的3D-層疊伺服器組態封裝的剖面側視圖。
圖2為依據一實施例一替代層疊面對背封裝的剖面側視圖。
圖3為依據一實施例一層疊面對面封裝的剖面側視圖。
圖4為依據一實施例一替代層疊面對面封裝的剖面側視圖。
圖5為依據一實施例形成於一晶粒之一凹部的磁芯電感器的剖面側視圖。
圖6為依據一實施例形成於具有夾角側壁的一晶粒之一凹部的磁芯電感器的剖面側視圖。
圖7為依據一實施例形成於一晶粒的一孔隙內之磁芯電容器的剖面側視圖。
圖8為依據一實施例安裝至一基體的層疊面對背封裝的剖面側視圖。
圖9為依據一實施例結合具有被動組件之一封裝的一計算裝置的方塊圖。
圖10為依據一實施例具有被動裝置於矽通孔的一矽晶粒背側的剖面部分視圖。
圖11為依據一實施例具有通孔的一外側模塑晶粒的剖面側視圖。
圖12為依據一實施例具有單一外側模塑的多個晶粒的剖面側視圖。
於實施例中,具有磁性材料的電感器又稱磁芯電感器(MCI)係整合於3D層疊處理器的底(非核心)晶粒上。層疊處理器的拓樸結構特別適用於整合一完全整合式電壓調節器(FIVR)成晶粒。非核心晶粒包括非核心電路諸如輸入/輸出電路、記憶體控制器、電源控制單元等。若干實施例也可替代在頂(核心)晶粒上的多層金屬-絕緣體-金屬(MIM)
電容器或除外,包括在底(非核心)晶粒的背側上的高密度電容器。此種辦法簡化封裝設計,原因在於該封裝要求更少層及更少有設計限制。此種辦法也在封裝上開啟了更多空間用於有效輸入電壓(VIN)解耦電容器。雖然藉由增加電感器使得底(非核心)晶粒變得更複雜,但藉由去除封裝內的FIVR電路與電感器間的底晶粒的連結而予簡化。
磁芯電感器可整合於底(非核心)晶粒的背側上或前側上。如此避免了有FIVR輸出自頂或底晶粒進入封裝而連結到封裝內的電感器。也減少了在底(非核心)晶粒上的連結凸塊的數目。在底晶粒上的MCI比起封裝中的ACI能夠提供20至30倍更高的電感密度及顯著較小的體積及厚度,其緩和了核心面積擴充的影響。針對位在底晶粒上而供電給頂晶粒上的核心之一FIVR設計,電感器的最佳位置係在相同底晶粒上。高密度3D MIM電容器及平面MIM電容器也可加至底(非核心)晶粒的後側或前側以避免在頂晶粒上製造MIM電容器的成本及複雜度。此外,藉由涵括MCI於與FIVR相同的晶粒內,FIVR可與封裝總成獨立測試。
圖1為3D-層疊伺服器組態封裝102的側視剖面圖。有個封裝基體104或基體直接或透過一插座耦合至一電路板。基體可由陶瓷、矽、堆積層、或任何其它材料製成以提供連結襯墊在基體的頂面132、136及底面130、134上,以及頂面與底面間與在基體上或內的若干電路組件間之連結路由。一非核心晶粒106連結至基體且位在基體上方。一核心晶粒108耦合至非核心晶粒且位在非核心晶粒上方。非
核心晶粒典型地提供電源管理、輸入/輸出傳訊、及其它功能給核心晶粒。雖然下方晶粒於此處稱作非核心晶粒,但可使用任何其它類型的支持晶粒,其執行類似的功能而該晶粒可以不同名稱稱呼。非核心晶粒也可包括處理資源、無線電、放大器、或用在例如單晶片系統(SOC)的其它類型的電路。
核心晶粒使用整合於一晶粒上的一或多個處理核心而提供高速計算及處理功能。核心晶粒經附接使得電路122係面對基體,允許一散熱座124附接至該核心晶粒的背側。可有不同類型的核心其針對不同功能為最佳化,包括通用計算核心、數位信號處理核心、及圖形處理核心。晶粒的特定功能適用於不同應用。可有更多核心晶粒及可有在非核心上方的額外晶粒用於其它功能,諸如記憶體、輸入/輸出傳訊、共同處理等。
有個FIVR區塊(圖中未顯示)在非核心(底)晶粒中的各個接點插槽(圖中未顯示)上,其供電給位在其正上方的核心。也有FIVR區塊其供電給非核心晶粒本身。此處呈示之技術可應用至針對FIVR組件的整合式LC濾波組件而與該組件是否被供電獨立無關。此外,雖然此處描述大致上係有關於FIVR,但所描述的結構及技術適用於其它類型的電壓調節器或電壓轉換器。電壓調節器可以是切換電壓調節器(俗稱降壓電壓調節器)、切換電容器電壓調節器、電荷泵浦、低漏失電壓調節器、線性電壓調節器、或此等類型的電壓調節器之組合,諸如組合混合式開關電容器。此
等類型的電壓調節器不會全部使用電感器,反而電容器典型地用在全部電壓調節器以減少來自電路切換的雜訊。被動裝置的特定選擇適用於配合對應電源供應電路。「FIVR」一詞的使用並非意圖要求任何特定電壓調節器電路、連結、或組件。
非核心晶粒106係附接至基體使得晶粒的前側係面對基體。如此允許晶粒的前側之電路120透過匹配連結襯墊132、136而直接耦合至基體。如前述,取決於特定應用,此種電路可包括電源、計時、輸入/輸出、及其它電路。同理,核心晶粒係附接至非核心晶粒使得核心晶粒的前側係面對非核心晶粒的後側。如此可稱作為F2B(前對後或面對背)組態。核心晶粒的電路122係直接耦合至非核心晶粒的後側,且可使用貫穿矽通孔(TSV)或多種其它技術中之任一者連結到非核心晶粒的電路。
一磁芯電感器110係整合於非核心晶粒的後側上,而高密度MIM電容器112係整合於頂晶粒內。電容器可使用多種不同技術中之任一者包括多層平面設計製成。來自一外部來源的輸入電壓VIN,典型地但非必要地在電路板上,係透過一襯墊134耦合至基體104且透過基體連結136耦合至一電壓調節器電路114,諸如FIVR。電壓調節器耦合電源到MCI 110,及然後透過電容器112供電核心晶粒的至少部分。來自核心晶粒的電流的返回路徑及對電容器的連結係透過貫穿該基體的一基體連結132而迴路返回貫穿該非核心晶粒及該基體的一接地連結GND 130。
電壓調節器電路係由一電晶體114表示以提示供給核心晶粒108的電力之脈衝寬度調變(PWM)。於若干實施例中,經調節的電源供應器將基於一或多個開關電源電晶體以產生可控制的工作週期之輸入電壓。開關電源電晶體的操作係由功率調節電路(圖中未顯示)控制,其接收一控制信號以驅動電晶體閘極。然後,電源供應脈衝供給電感器110及電容器112以攤平脈衝功率到一恆定電壓位準。其它類型的電源供應器可用作為替代物以適合特定核心。
雖然本文揭示係以FIVR或其它類型的電壓調節器之脈絡提供,但所描述的組態及實施例可施用至多種不同電源供應電路及系統且施用至針對任何此種系統的被動組件。電源供應電路114可以是如此處描述的電壓調節器、電壓轉換器、或任何其它類型的電源供應電路。同理,雖然顯示電感器110及電容器112兩者,但被動組件的數目及類型及其與電路的連結可經調整而適用於該特定電源供應電路。雖然圖中只顯示一個電壓調節器,但針對該核心晶粒的各個處理核心可有一或多個電壓調節器。也可以有供電給非核心晶粒中之組件的電壓調節器。核心晶粒可具有二或多個相似的或不同類型的處理核心。於一個實施例中,於單一核心晶粒內可包括36個核心,包括高速、低功率、圖形、加速度計及可現場程式規劃閘陣列(FPGA)處理器。取決於特定應用,可使用其它及額外核心。
圖1及其它實施例中之任一者的封裝可藉增加一蓋、一熱展布器、或若干其它或額外組件而予完成。另外,
使用環繞非核心晶粒周邊的打線接合可做連結到封裝。晶粒可以模塑材料覆蓋用於保護及穩定性。額外部件諸如放大器、射頻組件、及數位信號處理器也可增加至封裝上或內。
圖2為替代層疊伺服器組態封裝202的剖面側視圖,其中一電容器212已經從一核心晶粒208移動到非核心(底)晶粒206的背側。電容器可形成於與電感器的相同空間內。該封裝具有一封裝基體204或基體,具有面對且耦合至該基體204的非核心晶粒之前側的電路220。核心晶粒208之前側的電路222係耦合至該非核心晶粒之後側。
基體係直接或透過一插座耦合至一VIN連接器234。VIN係透過一電壓調節器214調節至該非核心晶粒之後側上的一電感器210。此種電感器的組成及位置係類似圖1的電感器110。電感器210係耦合至現在於該非核心晶粒之後側上的一電容器212,用以路徑安排電力到核心晶粒,及最終通過非核心晶粒206及基體204迴路返回一GND連結230。電容器212定位於非核心晶粒上進一步簡化了核心晶粒的構造,且進一步簡化了非核心晶粒與核心晶粒間之連結。電容器212可以是平面MIM電容器或3D MIM電容器。
圖3為適用於面對面(F2F)層疊的一封裝之替代實施例的相似剖面側視圖。於此一實施例中,封裝302具有一基體304,具有例如用於資料及控制的電源、VIN、GND、及其它外部連結。一非核心晶粒306係經由其背側耦合至基體。貫穿矽通孔338貫穿該基體背側,連結基體到晶粒前側
上的一電壓調節器314。另外,連結到環繞非核心晶粒306周邊的電路320的接合導線可用以連結至基體。非核心晶粒前側面對核心晶粒308的前側。二晶粒例如使用焊料球格柵或微凸塊焊料格柵340連結。電感器310係形成於非核心晶粒的前側上介於焊料凸塊間且耦合至電壓調節器。電容器312係形成於核心晶粒的前側上且透過焊料球連結中之一或多者而耦合至電感器。然後,電容器耦合至晶粒前側的電路形成一處理核心。
於此一實施例中,第一晶粒306的前側係識別為包括經由微影術及其它製程形成於該晶粒上的電路320之該側。同理,第二晶粒308的前側係識別為包括形成於第二晶粒上的電路322之該側。
電感器310可使用磁性材料形成為例如MCI(磁芯電感器或帶有磁性材料的電感器),及電容器可製成為金屬-絕緣體-金屬(MIM)蓋。兩者可形成於非核心晶粒的前側或頂側上,與電晶體同側。於圖3及4之實施例中,透過TSV 338用於VIN的電流將比在一電壓調節器與電感器及電容器間攜載電流的一TSV的電流減少。在電壓調節器前方的電力具有較高電壓及較低電流。結果,比較在基體內有電感器的一系統,需要較少TSV,及晶粒間之信號具有較短的行進距離。縮短晶粒至晶粒信號的距離以降低成本來改良效能,原因在於晶粒至晶粒信號可能具有較少緩衝,較少放大且可能更加大量。
圖4為類似圖3的剖面側視圖,其中電容器412已
從核心晶粒408的前側移動到非核心晶粒406的前側。此外,3D高密度電容器可結合至非核心晶粒的前側上用於由電壓調節器所使用,及結合至非核心晶粒的背側上用於輸入Vcc給電壓調節器用於解耦。
於圖4中,使用圖3之相同F2F組態。一封裝402具有耦合至且於一基體404上方的一第一晶粒406。一第二晶粒408係以F2F組態耦合至第一晶粒,使得第一晶粒的電路420係面對第二晶粒的電路422。第一晶粒包括一電壓調節器414諸如FIVR、耦合至該電壓調節器的一或多個電感器410及一或多個電容器412。電感器及電容器形成於第一晶粒的前側上介於焊料凸塊間,其連結第一晶粒與第二晶粒彼此。於此一實施例中,如同於圖3之實例,接到外部電源的通孔338貫穿第一晶粒到第一晶粒的背側以連結至基體。額外通孔348貫穿基體以透過焊料凸塊連結到外部電源供應器。結果,電壓調節器與對應處理核心間之連結短且不需要任何貫穿矽通孔。到外部電源的連結較長。另外,接合導線可沿非核心晶粒的周邊使用以電氣連結到基體。
於圖1-4中,電感器及電容器係置於非核心晶粒與核心晶粒間之間隙內。此一空間的垂直高度典型地係由兩個晶粒間之連結高度決定。此等連結可以是金屬微凸塊連結、焊料凸塊、模塑嵌釘、使用銅-銅、金-金、或其它金屬或導電性聚合物的熱超音波或熱壓接合、或膠帶與捲軸法。使用例如熱超音波接合或楔形接合的打線接合也可用以連結非核心晶粒到基體。於若干實施例中,非核心晶粒
與基體間之接合導致的小空間,於該處沒有金屬對金屬接觸。電氣絕緣黏著劑可用作為此種空間的底部填充。該底部填充提供了更強力機械連結,提供了熱橋,及確保焊點不因晶片的差異加熱而產生應力。底部填充也分散了晶片間的熱膨脹不匹配。
取決於電感器及電容器的構造及要求的L、C及其它值,L及C組件的高度可大於由微凸塊連結所產生的垂直間隙。為了給L及C組件提供更多空間,可在適當晶粒的對應表面上形成凹部。然後,L及C組件可形成於或定位於此等凹部。
圖5顯示形成於晶粒的凹部之磁芯電感器之一例。相同辦法可應用至電容器及其它類型的電感器。晶粒502以剖面圖顯示。在該晶粒已經切割一切口504,具有一垂直壁512及一底板510。該切口係藉蝕刻、鑽孔、雷射切削、或藉其它方法自晶粒去除材料而形成凹部或壓痕而形成為凹部或壓痕。切口增加了自頂晶粒至非核心晶粒中的切口底板的距離。取決於封裝組態,整合式被動組件可內建於底晶粒的背側上或甚至前側上的一或多個不同切口內。
如圖顯示,磁芯電感器506係形成於或定位於切口內。電感器具有由磁芯材料514環繞的銅佈線516。電感器可以多種不同方式中之任一者製成。電感器裝置可以是條紋電感器、螺旋電感器、電磁閥電感器、環曲面電感器、以V字形凹槽蝕刻入矽內部形成的電感器、或可以是耦合電感器或變壓器。於若干實施例中,首先沈積磁性材料的下
半。銅導體形成於下半上方,及然後沈積上半。絕緣體可用以隔離銅導線與磁性材料。電感器耦合至佈線線跡(圖中未顯示),其自該切口橫過到非核心晶粒的適當佈線或焊料凸塊。取決於實施例,佈線使得電感器能耦合至在一側上的電壓調節器及在另一側上的一或多個電容器,或耦合至任何其它期望的組件。
圖6為又一變化例的剖面側視圖,其中於矽晶粒602的一切口604可呈錐形用以改良電感器608之磁性材料614的階級覆蓋率,其改善了電感器的品質因數。切口有個底板610及一側壁612,但於此種情況下側壁係以一角度形成使得壁朝向切口的底板傾斜。然後,藉由直接沈積芯材於切口底板上方及向上直到切口的夾角側壁可對下半形成磁芯材料614。如此藉由針對磁通提供較佳路徑將改良電感器的階級覆蓋率及效能。銅佈線616形成於核心的下半上方,及然後,電感器的上半形成於銅佈線上方。如圖顯示,各個切口可形成為容納單一電感器的大小。切口的形成法可用以控制電感器的大小。如同圖5之實例,佈線線跡可以任何其它方式沈積或形成以將電感器連結到其它組件。
高密度電容器也可形成於矽晶粒表面。圖7顯示矽晶粒702。孔隙704可蝕刻入如圖顯示的非核心晶粒702的前側或後側以顯示一串列的並聯通道或槽道。然後,通道可內襯以第一導體層708,諸如TiN、TaN、Cu、或任何其它期望材料。然後第一導體層可覆蓋在介電層710內,諸如Al2O3、HfO2、SiN、SiO2、或任何其它期望的電介質。該
電介質可以與第一層708相同或不同材料的第二導體層712覆蓋。於圖7之實施例中,孔隙以第二導體層完全填補。於3D溝槽內或於平面表面上形成此等層的沈積技術包括原子層沈積(ALD)、電鍍、非電鍍、化學氣相沈積(CVD)濺鍍、及蒸鍍。
所得MIM電容器占用晶粒間之極少垂直空間,原因在於大部分材料嵌入切割於晶粒的孔隙內。可形成金屬及絕緣體交替層以產生特定電容。此等電容器可形成於非核心晶粒上,如圖2及圖4,或形成於核心晶粒上,如圖1及圖3。此等可用於電壓調節器輸出。也可用於微晶片的輸入電壓VIN作為解耦電容器。電介質的厚度可經調整以因應與輸出電壓分開的輸入電壓之較高電壓。
圖8為3-D層疊F2B封裝802的部分的剖面側視圖,其包括使用面對背層疊而整合於3D層疊系統的磁芯電感器810及3D MIM電容器812。電感器及電容器兩者嵌入底晶粒806的背側以許可自底晶粒的電路層816內的FIVR電路至頂晶粒的電路層818內的負載。
一重新分配層822可形成於晶粒背側上以連結底晶粒806上的TSV 820間的電感器及電容器與頂晶粒808上的微凸塊824。TSV連結電感器及電容器到底晶粒前側上的電壓調節器。可使用特定路由層826以將電感器810連結到電容器812。底晶粒也耦合至一基體804用以連結到外接組件。重新分配層822也可用作為熱展布器用以協助去除由非核心晶粒所產生的熱。可加入一散熱座(圖中未顯示)以與非
核心晶粒周邊接觸。非核心晶粒可變成比核心晶粒更大以提供與非核心晶粒更簡單的實體接觸。
此處描述之層疊封裝提供了顯著效果。舉個實例,緩和了對必須嵌合入一個核心的腳印占用面積的FIVR LC濾波組件之面積擴充疑慮。藉由形成或定位LC濾波組件於底晶粒上或內,可獲得高Q因數而無需強制在較簡易基體上的較高精度,且無需耗用在高速密集製造技術處理核心上的廣闊空間。
藉由自基體移除LC組件,減低了基體的成本及複雜度。此外,在非核心晶粒上需要較少的連結凸塊以支持FIVR支持體。替代使用凸塊以連結到LC被動組件,FIVR使用於頂核心的TSV及重新分配層而直接連結至LC組件。不再需要頂晶粒的連結凸塊至基體。
圖9例示性依據本發明之一個實施例的一計算裝置100。計算裝置100罩住一系統板2。板2可包括多個組件,包括但非限制性,一處理器4及至少一個通訊封裝6。通訊封裝6係耦合至一或多個天線16。處理器4係實體及電氣耦合至板2。
取決於其應用,計算裝置100可包括其它組件其可以或可不實體及電氣耦合至板2。此等其它組件可包括,但非限制性,依電性記憶體(例如,DRAM)8、非依電性記憶體(例如,ROM)9、快閃記憶體(圖中未顯示)、圖形處理器12、數位信號處理器(圖中未顯示)、密碼處理器(圖中未顯示)、晶片組14、天線16、顯示器18諸如觸控螢幕顯示器、
觸控螢幕控制器20、電池22、音訊編解碼器(圖中未顯示)、視訊編解碼器(圖中未顯示)、功率放大器24、全球定位系統(GPS)裝置26、羅盤28、加速度計(圖中未顯示)、陀羅儀(圖中未顯示)、揚聲器30、相機32、及大容量儲存裝置(諸如硬碟驅動裝置)10、光碟(CD)(圖中未顯示)、數位影音碟(DVD)(圖中未顯示)等。此等組件可連結至系統板2,安裝至系統板,或與其它組件中之任一者組合。
通訊封裝6啟用無線及/或有線通訊以將資料移轉至及自計算裝置100。「無線」一詞及其衍生詞可用以描述可透過經由非固態媒體之調變電磁輻射的使用而通訊資料的電路、裝置、系統、方法、技術、通訊通道等。該術語並不暗示相關聯的裝置不含任何導線,但於若干實施例中可能不含導線。通訊封裝6可實施多個無線或有線標準或協定中之任一者,包括但非僅限於Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11家族)、WiMAX(IEEE 802.16標準)、IEEE 802.20、長期演進(LTE)、Ev-DO、HSPA+、HSDPA+、HSUPA+、EDGE、GSM、GPRS、CDMA、TDMA、DECT、藍牙、其乙太網路衍生、以及指定用作為3G、4G、5G、及以上的任何其它無線及有線協定實現。計算裝置100可包括多個通訊封裝6。舉例言之,第一通訊封裝6可專用於短程無線通訊諸如Wi-Fi及藍牙,及第二通訊封裝6可專用於長程無線通訊諸如GPS、EDGE、GPRS、CDMA、WiMAX、LTE、EV-DO及其它。
該等晶片中之任一者或多者可如此處描述封裝,或如所述,數個晶片可與用於電力傳輸的被動組件而組合
成單一封裝。
於各種實施例中,計算裝置100可以是伺服器、工作站、膝上型電腦、小筆電、筆記型電腦、超筆電、智慧型電話、平板、個人數位助理器(PDA)、超行動PC、行動電話、列印器、掃描器、監視器、機上盒、娛樂控制單元、數位相機、可攜式音樂播放器、或數位視訊紀錄器或定名為物聯網(IoT)的裝置。於進一步實施例中,計算裝置100可以是任何其它電子裝置,諸如筆、電子錢包、手表、或處理資料的用具。
實施例可實施為一或多個記憶體晶片、控制器、中央處理單元(CPU)、使用主機板互連的微晶片或積體電路、特定應用積體電路(ASIC)、及/或可現場程式規劃閘陣列(FPGA)的部件。
於另一個實施例中,通孔第一辦法可用以產生低成本貫穿矽通孔(TSV)。然後TSV內襯以高k介電材料,諸如HSG Poly或Ta2O5。電極插入各個經內襯的通孔內部以形成高密度電容器,其然後可用於晶片開封用途。
由於此乃通孔第一辦法,故較高沈積溫度可用於沈積介電膜,如此開啟了使用高k介電氧化物的可能性,其典型地係於較高溫沈積。TSV另可內襯以磁性材料以製造電感器,其然後使用標準互連法連結到正確的電路位置。通孔能夠用於提供使用重新分配層或銅線跡耦合的電容器及電感器兩者。如此提供到非核心晶粒的矽通孔內部之整合式被動電路之路徑。
圖10為具有貫穿矽通孔904的一矽晶粒902諸如非核心晶粒之背側的部分剖面圖。通孔係經填補以形成被動裝置及然後形成一圖樣化傳導層906諸如銅線跡以連結被動裝置彼此且連結至其它電路用以支援任何期望的連結。額外圖樣化層908係形成於電介質層上方以在通孔904上方形成一重新分配層。
連結襯墊910可形成以重新分配層上方以使得通孔內的被動裝置耦合至其它組件且提供其它連結給其它通孔或其它電路。如前述,被動裝置可耦合在電源供應電路與非核心晶粒間。電源供應電路及非核心晶粒兩者可使用重新分配層連結,或採另一種方式包括打線接合。帶有通孔的非核心晶粒902也可如圖1-4顯示使用以提供部分或全部被動裝置。藉由形成被動裝置於貫穿矽通孔內,被動裝置不需要如前文描述於一晶粒的外表面上的任何空間。
被動裝置諸如電容器可以多種不同方式形成。於一個實施例中,首先藉深部反應離子蝕刻而蝕刻深孔。然後介電被動層諸如二氧化矽可沈積於深孔內。然後金屬-絕緣體-金屬結構可形成於被動層上方。可藉金屬有機化學氣相沈積而沈積氮化鈦,接著為電介質諸如氧化鋁,接著為另一層金屬。通孔第一辦法許可使用較高介電值材料以提高裝置的電容。
然後使用圖樣化電漿蝕刻以清除矽晶粒頂部,及露出底金屬層部分。如此允許頂側電極附接於通孔上方。通孔可進一步以電介質填補以隔離頂金屬層。電感器可使
用M-I-M結構以類似方式製成。
於若干實施例中,在減薄之前,矽晶粒可經模塑以使其更容易處理及獲得更大強度。圖11為具有前側電路及連結層926使用C4、BGA、或多種其它連結系統中之任一者耦合至一基體928的一晶粒922之剖面側視圖。基體也有更大型間距連結陣列930,諸如BGA、表面安裝、或任何其它類型以附接至一外部裝置,諸如主機板或甚至另一晶粒。如此處描述,此一晶粒可以是非核心晶粒或核心晶粒。
晶粒922具有TSV 924形成於其中,其可允許其它裝置的連結且可含有被動裝置。晶粒及基體上方也以模塑化合物或包封劑932模塑。模塑化合物可以是經填充的環氧樹脂或多種其它聚合物及其它材料中之任一者。模塑化合物932可施用至安裝的晶粒上方及然後,晶粒背側於圖11中顯示為頂側可經減薄。如此使得圖1-4的層疊組態的高度較低。取決於晶粒922的本質,其方便層疊在一核心晶粒上方,或有非核心晶粒層疊於其上方。
圖11為一替代組態之剖面側視圖,其中有三個晶粒942、944、946附接至一基體948。晶粒全部皆係以圖10之相同方式附接至基體,但實施例並非受此所限。晶粒包括TSV 954、956於該等晶粒中之一者或全部,及晶粒外側模塑以包封劑958。如此允許全部三個晶粒同時且在單一操作中以包封劑減薄。如前述,圖1-4的層疊晶粒在該層疊體的各個層級可具有多於一個晶粒。圖11之實施例使得該等晶粒藉包封劑牢固固定定位用作為層疊晶粒封裝的底層或
頂層。
述及「一個實施例」、「一實施例」、「具體實施例」、「各個實施例」等指示如此描述的本發明之實施例可包括特定特性件、結構、或特性,但並非每個實施例皆必要包括該等特定特性件、結構、或特性。又,有些實施例可具有針對其它實施例描述的特徵之部分、全部、或無特徵。
於後文詳細說明部分及申請專利範圍中,可使用「耦合」一詞連同其衍生詞。「耦合」係用以指示二或多個元件彼此協作或互動,但其間可有或可沒有中介的實體或電氣組件。
如於申請專利範圍中使用,除非另行載明,否則使用序數形容詞「第一」、「第二」、「第三」等描述一共通元件,僅只指示也指稱類似元件的不同實例,而非意圖暗示如此描述的元件於時間上、空間上、排序上、或以任何其它方式必須呈一給定順序。
附圖及前文詳細說明部分描述實施例的實例。熟諳技藝人士將瞭解所描述的元件中之一或多者也可能組合成單一功能元件。另外,某些元件可分裂成多個功能元件。得自一個實施例的元件可加至另一個實施例。舉例言之,此處描述之處理程序之順序可改變而不限於此處描述之方式。再者,任何流程圖的動作無需以顯示的順序具體實施;也非必然需要執行全部動作。又,與其它動作非相依性的該等動作可與該等其它動作並列地執行。實施例之範圍絕非受此等特定實施例所限。無數變化,無論於說明書中是
否明確給定與否,諸如結構、維度、及材料的使用差異皆屬可能。實施例之範圍至少如下申請專利範圍般給定的寬廣。
下列實施例係有關於進一步實施例。不同實施例的各種特性件可與涵括的若干特性件及排除的其它特性件各異地組合以適合多種不同應用。若干實施例係有關於一實施例具有一基體,於該基體上方耦合至該基體的一第一晶粒,該第一晶粒包括一電源供應電路耦合至該基體以接收電力,於該第一晶粒上方具有一處理核心且耦合至該第一晶粒的一第二晶粒,該第一晶粒係耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心,貫穿該第一晶粒的一通孔,及形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
於若干實施例中,該第一晶粒具有面對該基體包括電路的一前側及面對該第二晶粒的一後側及其中該被動裝置係位在該後側上的一貫穿矽通孔內。
於若干實施例中,該第一晶粒的該前側係使用貫穿該第一晶粒的額外貫穿矽耦合通孔而耦合至該第二晶粒。
於若干實施例中,該第一晶粒的該後側係使用接合導線耦合至該基體。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置係藉一高k介電材料內襯該通孔及在該內襯內部的一電極形成而形成一電容器。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置係藉一磁性電感器材料內襯該通孔及在該內襯內部的一電極形成而形成一電感器。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置包括耦合至電感器的電容器,該等電容器及該等電感器係形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中。
於若干實施例中,該第一晶粒為一矽晶粒及其中該等電容器為金屬-絕緣體-金屬電容器。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置包含3D金屬-絕緣體-金屬電容器、平面金屬-絕緣體-金屬電容器、磁芯電感器、條紋電感器、螺旋電感器、電磁閥電感器、或環曲面電感器。
於若干實施例中,該電源供應電路包含一電壓轉換器、一切換式電容器電壓轉換器、一電壓調節器或一完全整合式電壓調節器。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置係在電源供應電路被形成之前在該通孔內被形成。
進一步實施例包括於該等第一及第二晶粒上方之一模塑化合物用以實體上絕緣及保護該等晶粒。
若干實施例係有關於一層疊晶粒封裝其包括一核心晶粒具有多個處理核心;一非核心晶粒具有用於各個處理核心的一電源供應電路,各個電源供應電路係獨立地耦合至各個個別處理核心用以供應電力給該個別處理核心;耦合至該非核心晶粒的一封裝基體用以自一外部來源接收
電力及用以供應電力給該非核心晶粒的該等電源供應電路;貫穿該非核心晶粒的一第一多個貫穿矽通孔用以攜載資料信號自該核心晶粒至該封裝基體;及貫穿該非核心晶粒的一第二多個貫穿矽通孔於其中形成被動裝置,該等被動裝置係耦合至一電源供應電路。
於若干實施例中,該等多個被動裝置係由於各個通孔內的一電介質內襯及該內襯內部的一電極形成於該非核心晶粒的該前側的附接式電容器。
若干實施例係有關於一計算裝置包括一系統板;連結至該系統板的一通訊封裝;及一處理器封裝具有一基體,於該基體上方耦合至該基體的一非核心晶粒,該非核心晶粒包括一電源供應電路耦合至該基體以接收電力,於該非核心晶粒上方具有一處理核心且耦合至該非核心晶粒的一核心晶粒,該非核心晶粒係耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心,貫穿該非核心晶粒的一通孔,及形成於該非核心晶粒的該通孔中且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
於若干實施例中,該非核心晶粒具有面對該核心晶粒的包括電路之一前側及面對基體的一後側,其中該通孔係形成於該非核心晶粒的該前側。
於若干實施例中,該被動裝置包括耦合至電感器的電容器,該等電容器及該等電感器係形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中。
若干實施例係有關於一方法包括於一矽晶圓內
形成多個通孔;於該等多個通孔中之一部分內形成被動裝置;在形成該等被動裝置之後於該晶圓上形成電源供應電路;將該晶圓切晶粒以製造多個非核心晶粒各自具有一電源供應電路;將該等多個非核心晶粒中之一者附接至一基體;附接具有一處理核心的一核心晶粒至該非核心晶粒於該非核心晶粒上方,該核心晶粒耦合至該電源供應電路透過該非核心晶粒的該被動裝置以供電給該處理核心。
若干實施例係有關於一設備包括一基體;於該基體上方耦合至該基體的一第一晶粒,該第一晶粒包括一電源供應電路耦合至該基體以接收電力;於該第一晶粒上方的一模塑化合物用以於減薄期間實體上絕緣及保護該第一晶粒;於該第一晶粒上方及於該模塑化合物上方具有一處理核心且耦合至該第一晶粒的一第二晶粒,該第一晶粒係耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心;及附接至該第一晶粒且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
進一步實施例包括貫穿該第一晶粒的一通孔及形成於該第一晶粒的該通孔中且耦合至該電源供應電路的一被動裝置。
Claims (19)
- 一種電子設備,其包含:一基體;一第一晶粒,其於該基體上方耦合至該基體,該第一晶粒具有一前側及一後側,該前側包括有面對該基體的電路,該第一晶粒包括有耦合至該基體以接收電力的一電源供應電路;一電感器,其位在該第一晶粒之該後側上的一凹部內,該凹部不延伸貫穿該第一晶粒;一電容器,其位在該第一晶粒之該後側上並經由在該第一晶粒之該後側上的一路由層耦合至該電感器、及經由一貫穿矽通孔耦合至該電源供應電路以形成一LC濾波器;一第二晶粒,其具有一處理核心並於該第一晶粒之該後側上方耦合至該第一晶粒,該第二晶粒經由該LC濾波器耦合至該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心。
- 如請求項1之設備,其中,該第一晶粒之該前側利用貫穿該第一晶粒的額外貫穿矽耦合通孔而耦合至該第二晶粒。
- 如請求項1之設備,其中,該第一晶粒之該後側利用接合導線而耦合至該基體。
- 如請求項1之設備,其中,該電容器包含一高k介電材料內襯及在該高k介電材料內襯上的一電極。
- 如請求項1之設備,其中,該電感器包含內襯於該凹部的一磁性電感器材料及在該磁性電感器材料內襯內部的一電極。
- 如請求項1之設備,其進一步包含耦合至數個其他電感器的數個其他電容器,該等其他電容器及該等其他電感器係形成於該第一晶粒之數個通孔中。
- 如請求項6之設備,其中,該等其他電感器包含磁芯電感器、條紋電感器、螺旋電感器、電磁閥電感器、或環曲面電感器。
- 如請求項7之設備,其中,該電源供應電路包含一電壓轉換器、一切換式電容器電壓轉換器、一電壓調節器、或一完全整合式電壓調節器。
- 如請求項1之設備,其中,該第一晶粒為一矽晶粒,並且其中,該電容器為金屬-絕緣體-金屬電容器。
- 如請求項1之設備,其進一步包含:於該等第一及第二晶粒上方的一模塑化合物,用以實際隔絕並保護該等晶粒。
- 一種層疊晶粒封裝,其包含:一核心晶粒,其具有多個處理核心;一非核心晶粒,其具有一後側及一前側,該後側面對該核心晶粒,該非核心晶粒在該前側上具有用於各個處理核心的各個電源供應電路,各個電源供應電路係獨立地耦合至個別處理核心以供應電力給個別處理核心;一封裝基體,其耦合至該非核心晶粒而使該非核心晶粒之該前側面對該封裝基體以接收來自一外部來源的電力並供應電力給該非核心晶粒的該等電源供應電路;複數個貫穿矽通孔,該等複數個貫穿矽通孔貫穿該非核心晶粒以將資料信號從該核心晶粒攜載至該封裝基體;複數個在該非核心晶粒之該後側的凹部,該等凹部不貫穿該非核心晶粒之該後側,其中,在該等複數個凹部中形成有數個電感器;以及複數個在該非核心晶粒之該後側上的電容器,該等電容器經由在該非核心晶粒之該後側上的一路由層耦合至該等電感器以形成針對各個處理核心的各個LC濾波器,該等電源供應電路各經由對個別LC濾波器的貫穿矽通孔而耦合至個別處理核心。
- 如請求項11之層疊晶粒封裝,其中,該等複數個電容器包含一電介質內襯及在該電介質內襯上的一電極。
- 一種計算裝置,其包含:一系統板;一通訊封裝,其連接至該系統板;以及一處理器封裝,其具有:一基體;一非核心晶粒,其於該基體上方耦合至該基體,該非核心晶粒具有一前側及一後側,該前側包括有面對該基體的電路,該非核心晶粒包括有耦合至該基體以接收電力的一電源供應電路;一核心晶粒,其具有一處理核心且於該非核心晶粒之該背側上方耦合至該非核心晶粒,該非核心晶粒之該電源供應電路耦合至該核心晶粒之該處理核心以供電給該處理核心;一通孔,其貫穿該非核心晶粒;一電感器,其係位在該非核心晶粒之該後側的一凹部內,該凹部不貫穿該非核心晶粒;一電容器,其係位在該非核心晶粒上並經由在該非核心晶粒之該後側上的一路由層耦合至該電感器以形成一LC濾波器,其中,該處理核心經由對該LC濾波器的一貫穿矽通孔而耦合至非核心晶粒之該電源供應電路。
- 一種封裝製造方法,其包含:於一矽晶圓內形成多個通孔;於該等多個通孔之一部分中形成數個被動裝置;在形成該等被動裝置之後於該晶圓上形成數個電源供應電路;切割該晶圓以製造多個非核心晶粒,該等非核心晶粒各具有一電源供應電路及由該等被動元件中之一電容器和一電感器所形成的一LC濾波器,其中該電感器係位在不延伸貫穿各個非核心晶粒的一凹部內,且其中該電容器係經由個別非核心晶粒的一路由層耦合至該電感器、及經由一貫穿矽通孔耦合至該電源供應電路;將該等多個非核心晶粒中之一非核心晶粒附接至一基體;將具有一處理核心的一核心晶粒於該非核心晶粒上方附接至該非核心晶粒,該核心晶粒經由該非核心晶粒之該LC濾波器而耦合至該非核心晶粒之該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心。
- 一種電子設備,其包含:一基體;一第一晶粒,其於該基體上方耦合至該基體,該第一晶粒具有一前側及一後側,該前側包括有面對該基體的電路,該第一晶粒包括有耦合至該基體以接收電力的一電源供應電路;一模塑化合物,其位於該第一晶粒上方以於減薄期間實際地隔絕並保護該第一晶粒;一第二晶粒,其具有一處理核心且於該第一晶粒之該後側上方及該模塑化合物上方耦合至該第一晶粒,該第二晶粒耦合至該第一晶粒之該電源供應電路以供電給該處理核心;一電感器,其係在該第一晶粒之該後側上的一凹部內,該凹部不延伸貫穿該第一晶粒;以及一電容器,其係形成於該第一晶粒之該後側上的一第二通孔內、並經由在該第一晶粒之該後側上的一路由層耦合至該電感器以形成一LC濾波器,且其中,該第二晶粒之該處理核心經由對該LC濾波器的一貫穿矽通孔而耦合至該電源供應電路。
- 如請求項15之設備,其進一步包含:多個被動裝置,其係形成於該第一晶粒之一表面上且耦合至該電感器及該電源供應電路。
- 如請求項15之設備,其中,該第一晶粒之該前側利用貫穿該第一晶粒的額外貫穿矽耦合通孔而耦合至該第二晶粒。
- 如請求項15之設備,其中,該電容器包含一高k介電材料內襯及在該高k介電材料內襯上的一電極。
- 如請求項15之設備,其中,該電感器包含一磁性電感器材料內襯及在該磁性電感器材料內襯內部的一電極。
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