TWI640600B - 銥錯合物、使用其的有機發光二極體及具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基 - Google Patents
銥錯合物、使用其的有機發光二極體及具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI640600B TWI640600B TW105115920A TW105115920A TWI640600B TW I640600 B TWI640600 B TW I640600B TW 105115920 A TW105115920 A TW 105115920A TW 105115920 A TW105115920 A TW 105115920A TW I640600 B TWI640600 B TW I640600B
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- Prior art keywords
- unsubstituted
- substituted
- nitrogen
- ruthenium complex
- alkyl
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 13
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical group [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 19
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910006400 μ-Cl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QQLRSCZSKQTFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-difluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F QQLRSCZSKQTFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYXMUNJVLTZWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(C1=CC(=NN1)C1=NC(=CC=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)(F)F VYXMUNJVLTZWTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXQWITMTKGRNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-imidazol-1-ylpyridine Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=CC(=NC(=C1)N1C=NC=C1)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)F VXQWITMTKGRNCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl iodide Chemical compound CC(C)I FMKOJHQHASLBPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical group C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical group C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWQACMPJZLKOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-tellurazole Chemical group [Te]1C=CN=C1 PYWQACMPJZLKOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBAJBHOFDSMEQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1.C1=CSC=N1 ZBAJBHOFDSMEQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJCCHCARSYJJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(C1=CC(=NN1)C1=NC(=CC=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)(F)F QJCCHCARSYJJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-bis(3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)=C1 CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBDFQUVPNHHDEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-2,6-difluoropyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(F)=NC(F)=C1 JBDFQUVPNHHDEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOQQSZIPIAWWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-1H-isoquinoline Chemical compound FC(C1=CC(=NN1)N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)(F)F XOQQSZIPIAWWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 but Y 1 Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001296 phosphorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenophene Chemical group C=1C=C[se]C=1 MABNMNVCOAICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- TULWUZJYDBGXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurophene Chemical group [Te]1C=CC=C1 TULWUZJYDBGXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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Abstract
一種銥錯合物及使用此銥錯合物的有機發光二極體。此銥錯合物由通式(I)所表示:(I) 其中n為1、2、3或4;R1
為經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基;R2
為氫、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基,m為1、2或3;R3
為氫、氟、-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷氧基,m為1、2或3;各R4
獨立為氫或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基,或多個R4
可鍵結而形成C3
-C8
芳香環,且多個R4
可相同或不同;X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
各自獨立為碳或氮;Y1
、Y2
、Y3
各自為碳或氮,但其中至少一者為氮,且Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基為負二價。
Description
本發明是有關於一種適用於有機發光二極體(organic light-emitting diode,簡稱OLED)的銥錯合物,特別是有關於具碳烯結構的銥錯合物、使用此種銥錯合物的有機發光二極體,以及適合用來形成此種銥錯合物的具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基。
有機發光二極體元件在顯示器工業上已經得到許多人的注意,特別是在平面顯示器工業上,因為有機發光二極體元件能在低驅動電壓下操作,又能產生高發光效率。
為了發展全彩化平面顯示器,開發穩定及高發光效率之具不同色光的發光材料為現今研究OLED的主要目標。目前已知三雙牙配位的銥錯合物有適合的放光特性,但其剛性、穩定性仍時有不足。
本發明提供一種具碳烯結構的銥錯合物,其用於OLED的發光層時可有效提升OLED的發光效率。
本發明並提供一種使用此銥錯合物的有機發光二極體。
本發明並提供適合用來形成此種銥錯合物的具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基。
本發明之銥錯合物由通式(I)所表示:(I) 其中n為1、2、3或4;R1
為經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基;R2
為氫、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基,m為1、2或3;R3
為氫、氟、-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷氧基,m為1、2或3;各R4
獨立為氫或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基,或多個R4
可鍵結而形成C3
-C8
含氮芳香雜環(N-heteroaromatic ring)或芳香環(aromatic ring),且多個R4
可相同或不同;X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
各自獨立為碳或氮;Y1
、Y2
、Y3
各自為碳或氮,但Y1
、Y2
及Y3
中至少一者為氮,且所述Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基為負二價。
在一實施例中,Y1
與Y2
為氮且Y3
為碳,所述銥錯合物的結構由通式(I-1)表示:(I-1) 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、n、X1
、X2
、X3
及X4
的定義與通式(I)的相同。
在一實施例中,X1
、X2
、X3
及X4
皆為碳。
在一實施例中,X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
中至少有一者為氮。
本發明之有機發光二極體包括二電極及配置於所述二電極之間的一發光層,所述發光層含有上述本發明的銥錯合物。所述銥錯合物可作為摻雜劑,摻入所述發光層的一主體材料(host material)中。
本發明之具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基由通式(1)表示:(1) 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、n、X1
、X2
、X3
及X4
的定義與通式(I)的相同。
與先前技術之三雙牙配位的銥錯合物相較,本發明之雙三牙配位的銥錯合物的剛性更強、穩定性更高,故利於提高發光效率。本發明之銥錯合物亦具有金屬中心與配體之間的強配位鍵,其能推高金屬中心dd激發態(metal-centered dd excited states)的躍遷能階,降低磷光的無輻射淬熄(non-radiative quenching of phosphorescence),進而使發光效率和色純度提高。此外,本發明之銥錯合物具有強場配體碳烯(carbene),其與銥金屬生成的鍵結更強,因此,生成的錯合物穩定性更高。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
以下將藉由實施方式對本發明作進一步說明,但所述實施方式僅為例示說明之用,而非用以限制本發明之範圍。[ 具碳烯結構的銥錯合物的結構 ]
本發明之具碳烯結構的銥錯合物的結構由通式(I)表示:(I) 其中n為1、2、3或4;R1
為經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基;R2
為氫、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基,m為1、2或3;R3
為氫、氟、-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷氧基,m為1、2或3;各R4
獨立為氫或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基,或多個R4
可鍵結而形成C3
-C8
含氮芳香雜環或芳香環,且多個R4
可相同或不同;X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
各自獨立為碳或氮;Y1
、Y2
、Y3
各自為碳或氮,但Y1
、Y2
及Y3
中至少一者為氮,且所述Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基為負二價。
上述芳香環可包括芳香烴環(aromatic hydrocarbon ring)或芳香雜環(aromatic heterocyclic ring)。芳香環或芳香雜環的特定實例包括苯環(benzene ring)、吡啶環(pyridine ring)、吡嗪環(pyrazine ring)、嘧啶環(pyrimidine ring)、噠嗪環(pyridazine ring)、三嗪環(triazine ring)、吡咯環(pyrrole ring)、呋喃環(furan ring)、噻吩環(thiophene ring)、硒吩環(selenophene ring)、碲吩環(tellurophene ring)、咪唑環(imidazole ring)、噻唑環(thiazole ring)、硒唑環(selenazole ring)、碲唑環(tellurazole ring)、噻二唑環(thiadiazole ring)、噁二唑環(oxadiazole ring)以及吡唑環(pyrazole ring)。
在一實施例中,多個R4
可鍵結以形成經取代或未經取代的苯環或經取代或未經取代的吡啶環。
通式(I)中右半部的配基即是本發明之具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基,由以下通式(1)表示:(1) 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、n、X1
、X2
、X3
及X4
的定義與通式(I)的相同。
另外,Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基上例如也有至少一個拉電子基。Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基可選用先前技術已知者。本發明之銥錯合物的最高已佔軌域(HOMO)主要是以Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基來調整,最低未佔軌域(LUMO)主要是以本發明之通式(1)所示之具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基來調整。
當Y1
與Y2
為氮且Y3
為碳時,上述銥錯合物的結構由通式(I-1)表示:(I-1) 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、n、X1
、X2
、X3
及X4
的定義與通式(I)的相同。
R2
為氫、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C12
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6
-C12
芳基,m為1、2或3;R3
為氫、氟、-Cm
F2m +1
、經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷基或經取代或未經取代的C1
-C6
烷氧基,m為1、2或3;且n為1、2、3或4。當R3
為C1
-C6
烷基、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
(m為1~3的整數)且X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
皆為碳時,符合通式(I-1)之銥錯合物的一些實際例子為:由式(I-1-1)、(I-1-2)、(I-1-3)、(I-1-4)、(I-1-5)、(I-1-6)…(I-1-24)所表示的銥錯合物,後文將其簡稱為化合物(I-1-1)、(I-1-2)…(I-1-24)。此種簡稱方式亦套用於下文中以其他化學結構式表達的銥錯合物。
當R3
為C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
烷氧基、氟或-Cm
F2m +1
(m為1~3的整數)且X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
中至少有一者為氮時,符合通式(I-1)之具碳烯結構銥錯合物的一些實際例子為:由式(I-1-25)、(I-1-26)…(I-1-31)所表示的銥錯合物。式(I-1-25)、(I-1-26)…(I-1-31)所表示的銥錯合物都是X1
、X2
、X3
、X4
中至少一者為氮的銥錯合物,其X2
與/或X4
為氮之設計可以增加通式(I)之含氮三牙配基的拉電子效應。
此外,通式(I)之Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基中的Y1
、Y2
、Y3
皆為氮的情況(N^N’^N’’),以及Y1
與Y3
為碳且Y2
為氮的情況(C^N^C’),也是可行的。實際例子如下所示:
本發明之有機發光二極體包括二電極及配置於所述二電極之間的一發光層,所述發光層含有上述具碳烯結構的銥錯合物。二電極各自之材料可選用本領域中通常使用者,各電極與發光層之間亦可依本領域所熟知的技術來加設其他功能層,例如電子傳輸層、電洞傳輸層等等。此有機發光二極體可製作於基板上,例如玻璃基板。[ 具碳烯結構的銥錯合物的形成方法 ]
本發明之具碳烯結構的含氮三牙配基例如是將其前驅物的兩個質子拔除而得者,其實際例子如下所示(phimpy、phimpy-H2
為本說明書使用的代號,But
表叔丁基,Pri
為異丙基)。
上述實際例子的前驅物phimpy-H2
例如以下述方法製備。 其中步驟(i)所用試劑為咪唑、溴化四丁基銨(tetrabutylammonium bromide;NBu4
Br)及氫氧化鉀,步驟(ii)所用試劑為2,4-二氟苯基硼酸、Pd(dppf)Cl2
及碳酸氫鉀,步驟(iii)所用試劑為2-碘丙烷,步驟(iv)所用試劑為NH4
PF6
。
通式(I)之銥錯合物中的Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基例如是將具有對應之環結構其前驅物與必要試劑混合反應而得。
本發明之具碳烯結構銥錯合物可依據各個配基的變化選用適當的反應物及反應條件進行製備,且反應製備方式可依據本領域所熟知的技術進行變化。所述銥錯合物製備方法的一具體例包含以下步驟:將本發明之通式(1)之含氮三牙配基的前驅物、銥源及其他必要試劑混合反應,再將所得產物、Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基的前驅物及其他必要試劑混合,並加熱進行反應。將通式(1)之含氮三牙配基、Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基與銥原子連接之順序亦可倒過來,即,銥原子先與Y1
^Y2
^Y3
三牙配基的前驅物反應再與通式(1)之含氮三牙配基的前驅物反應。[ 實施例 ]
以下將藉由數個實施例對本發明作進一步說明,但所述實施例僅為例示說明之用,而非用以限制本發明之範圍。合成例 1
通式(1)之含氮三牙配基的前驅物phimpy-H2
的製備:取4-叔丁基-2,6-二氟吡啶(1.3 g, 6.37 mmol)、咪唑(0.48 g, 7.01 mmol)、溴化四丁基銨(1.03 g, 3.18 mmol)和氫氧化鉀(0.43 g, 7.64 mmol)置於單頸瓶中,於80°C下反應時間12小時,再使所得咪唑鎓(imidazolium)中間產物與2,4-二氟苯基硼酸(0.88 g, 5.60 mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2
(0.11 g, 0.15 mmol)和碳酸氫鉀(2.07 g, 15.00 mmol)溶於甲苯(15 mL)、乙醇(3 mL)與水(3 mL),加熱至110o
C並反應12小時,而生成4-叔丁基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶。 使所得之4-叔丁基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-6-(1H-咪唑-1-基)吡啶(1.15 g, 3.68 mmol)與2-碘丙烷(0.8 mL, 8.07 mmol)溶於甲苯(40 mL),加熱至110°C並反應12小時,而得咪唑碘鎓前配基(imidazolium iodide pre-ligand)。接著使所得之咪唑碘鎓前配基(1.5 g, 3.1 mmol)與NH4
PF6
(4.04 g, 25 mmol)溶於乙醇,在室溫下攪拌兩小時進行離子交換,之後加入水而得沉澱產物(phimph-H2
)(PF6
)。 (phimph-H2
)(PF6
)的光譜資料:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.01~7.95 (m, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.06~7.02 (m, 1H), 6.97~6.92 (m, 1H), 4.99~4.96 (m, 1H, CH), 1.59 (d,J
= 6.6 Hz, 3H, Me), 1.58 (d,J
= 6.6 Hz, 3H, Me), 1.42 (s, 9H, t-Bu);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒70.90 (d,J
= 712 Hz, PF6
), ‒107.10 (s, 1F), ‒111.65 (s, 1F)。實施例 1
化合物(I-1-7)的製備:(I-1-7) 取[Ir(COD)(μ-Cl)]2
(300 mg, 0.45 mmol)、(phimph-H2
)(PF6
)(470 mg, 0.94 mmol)和醋酸鈉(183 mg, 2.23 mmol)置於雙頸瓶,以20毫升的無水乙腈(anhydrous acetonitrile)為溶劑,於80°C下反應12小時後,將溫度降回室溫,抽掉溶劑後再加入2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(4-氟苯基)吡啶(316 mg, 1.03 mmol)和醋酸鈉(366 mg, 4.47 mmol),溶於十氫化萘(decahydronaphthalene)(20 mL),於200°C下反應24小時,反應結束後,經管柱層析純化後可得產物,產率為23%。 化合物(I-1-7)的光譜資料:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.76 (t,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60~7.55 (m, 4H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.79 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.56~6.51 (m, 1H), 6.32~6.26 (m, 1H), 5.53 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.53~3.29 (m, 1H, CH), 1.54 (s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.80 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.74 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.81 (s, 3F), ‒107.49 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F), ‒110.48 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F), 110.52 (s, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z 852.6, M+
. Anal. Calcd. for C36
H29
F6
IrN6
: C, 50.76; H, 3.43; N, 9.87. Found: C, 50.64; H, 3.77; N, 9.48。實施例 2
化合物(I-1-8)的製備:(I-1-8) 除了將2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(4-氟苯基)吡啶換成2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡啶之外,化合物(I-1-8)的合成步驟與化合物(I-1-7)相似,產率為26%。 化合物(I-1-8)的光譜資料:1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.81 (t,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.05 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.33~6.27 (m, 1H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 5.49 (s, 1H), 3.33~3.27 (m, 1H, CH), 1.53 (s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.80 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.74 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.89 (s, 3F), ‒62.81 (s, 3F), ‒107.42 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F), ‒110.35 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z 902.7, M+
. Anal. Calcd. for C37
H29
F8
IrN6
: C, 49.28; H, 3.24; N, 9.32. Found: C, 49.29; H, 3.33; N, 8.91。實施例 3
化合物(I-1-9)的製備:(I-1-9) 取IrCl3
×3H2
O(200 mg, 0.57 mmol)及(phimph-H2
)(PF6
)(313 mg, 0.62 mmol)置於單頸瓶,以2-甲氧基乙醇(15 mL)為溶劑,於120°C下反應12小時後,將溫度降回室溫。抽掉溶劑後,加入2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(4-叔丁基苯基)吡啶(215 mg, 0.62 mmol)和醋酸鈉(209 mg, 2.55 mmol),溶於十氫化萘(20 mL),於200°C下反應24小時。反應結束後,經管住層析純化後可得產物,產率為23%。 化合物(I-1-9)的光譜資料:1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.72 (t,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59~7.56 (m, 3H), 7.46~7.44 (m, 2H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.82 (dd,J
= 8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.30 ~ 6.24 (m, 1H), 5.64 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.60 (dd,J
= 8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 ~ 3.32 (m, 1H), 1.50 (s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.92 (s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.81 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.69 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.77 (s, 3F), ‒107.80 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F), ‒111.36 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z, 890.7 M+
。實施例 4
化合物(I-1-10)的製備:(I-1-10) 除了將2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(4-氟苯基)吡啶換成2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-(1-萘基)吡啶之外,合成步驟與化合物(I-1-7)相似,產率為35%。 化合物(I-1-10)的光譜資料:1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.61 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.82 (t,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65~7.60 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (t,J
= 8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.28 (t,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.28 ~ 6.22 (m, 1H), 6.11 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H) 5.45 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.45~3.39 (m, 1H, CH), 1.55 (s, 1H, t-Bu), 0.76 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.73 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.75 (s, 3F), ‒107.24 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F), ‒110.65 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z, 884.5 M+
. Anal. Calcd. for C40
H32
F5
IrN6
: C, 54.35; H, 3.65; N, 9.51. Found: C, 54.26; H, 4.06; N, 8.90。實施例 5
化合物(I-1-11)的製備:(I-1-11) 取[Ir(COD)(μ-Cl)]2
(118 mg, 0.18 mmol)、(phimph-H2
)(PF6
)(186 mg, 0.37 mmol)和醋酸鈉(72 mg, 0.88 mmol)置於雙頸瓶中,以10 mL的無水乙腈為溶劑,於80°C下反應12小時後,將溫度降回室溫。抽掉溶劑後加入2-(5-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-6-苯基異喹啉(120 mg, 0.36 mmol)和醋酸鈉(144 mg, 1.76 mmol),溶於二甲苯(25 mL),於160°C下反應24小時。反應結束後,經管住層析純化後可得產物,產率為27%。 化合物(I-1-11)的光譜資料:1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.95 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d,J
= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.73~7.67 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.93 (t,J
= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.28~6.22 (m, 1H), 6.06 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (m, 1H), 3.34~3.27 (m, 1H, CH), 1.54(s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.72 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.66 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.65 (s, 3F), ‒107.69 (d,J
= 9.8Hz, 1F), ‒110.85 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z, 884.3 M+
。實施例 6
化合物(I-1-13)的製備:(I-1-13) 取[Ir(COD)(μ-Cl)]2
(50 mg, 0.07 mmol)、(phimph-H2
)(PF6
)(75 mg, 0.15 mmol)和醋酸鈉(62 mg, 0.76 mmol)置於雙頸瓶中,以10 mL的無水乙腈為溶劑,於80°C下反應12小時後,將溫度降回室溫。抽掉溶劑後加入4-叔丁基-2-苯基-6-(3-(三氟甲基)-1H-5-吡唑基)嘧啶(52 mg, 0.15 mmol)和醋酸鈉(144 mg, 1.76 mmol),溶於二甲苯(25 mL),於160°C下反應24小時。反應結束後,經管住層析純化後可得產物,產率為31%。 化合物(I-1-13)的光譜資料:1
HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3
): δ 8.14(s, 1H), 8.04 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.87 (t,J
= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.77~6.72 (m, 2H), 6.28 (t,J
= 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.86 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (dd,J
= 3.8,2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.29~3.22 (m, 1H, CH), 1.53(s, 9H, t-Bu), 0.72 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me), 0.66 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H, Me);19
F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3
): δ ‒59.92 (s, 3F), ‒107.51 (d,J
= 9.8Hz, 1F), ‒110.57 (d,J
= 9.8 Hz, 1F);MS [FAB]: m/z, 891.3 M+
。
實施例1~5所合成之銥錯合物(I-1-7)~(I-1-11)各自的吸收光譜及磷光光譜繪示於圖1,且吸收峰位置(l abs
)、發射峰位置(l em
)、量子產率(f
)及磷光生命期(t obs
)列示於下表1。
表1 a
於CH2
Cl2
中量測,濃度為10-5
M; b
於除氣之CH2
Cl2
溶液中量測; c
以溶於乙醇之香豆素(C153)(f
= 58 %,λ max
= 530 nm)及溶於DMSO之4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(4-二甲胺基苯乙烯基)-4H-吡喃(f
= 80 %,λ max
= 637 nm)為標準。
由圖1及表1可知,化合物(I-1-7)、(I-1-8)及(I-1-9)的量子產率高;C^N^N’三牙配基上多了苯併環的化合物(I-1-10)及(I-1-11)則可增加放光團的共軛,而可縮小能隙,從而因此使放光紅位移。上述化合物的其他效果說明如下。
其一,相對於吡啶配體與銥配位時形成的N-Ir鍵,強場配體卡賓與銥配位時生成的C-Ir鍵更強,因此生成的錯合物穩定性更高。
其二,在發光性能方面,強的配位鍵能推高金屬中心dd激發態的躍遷能階,從而降低磷光的無輻射淬滅,使發光效率和色純度提高。
其三,雙三牙配位(bis-tridentate)的銥錯合物比三二牙配位(tris-bidentate)或三二一牙配位的銥錯合物的剛性強,利於提高發光效率,製元件穩定性高,昇華性佳。實施例 7
接著使用本發明之任一種化合物來製作OLED,其結構請參照圖2,包括由下而上堆疊之玻璃基板200、陽極202、電洞傳輸層204、發光層206、電子傳輸層208及陰極210。陽極202之材料為ITO、電洞傳輸層204之材料為4,4''-環己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)]苯胺(TAPC)、發光層206之材料為摻雜了本發明之化合物的1,3-雙(N-咔唑基)苯(mCP)、電子傳輸層208之材料為1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-苯-3-基]苯(TmPyPB),且陰極210之材料為LiF/Al。
綜上所述,本發明之銥錯合物亦具有強的配位鍵,其能推高金屬中心dd激發態的躍遷能階,進而降低磷光的無輻射淬熄,使發光效率和色純度提高。此外,本發明之銥錯合物具有強場配體碳烯,其與銥金屬生成的鍵結更強,因此,生成的錯合物穩定性更高。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
200‧‧‧玻璃基板
202‧‧‧陽極
204‧‧‧電洞傳輸層
206‧‧‧發光層
208‧‧‧電子傳輸層
210‧‧‧陰極
圖1繪示本發明實施例1~5所合成之具有碳烯結構的銥錯合物的吸收光譜及螢光光譜。 圖2繪示本發明實施例7之用以量測銥錯合物的發光特性的OLED的結構。
Claims (8)
- 一種銥錯合物,由通式(I)所表示:其中n為1、2、3或4;R1為經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6-C12芳基;R2為氫、氟或-CmF2m+1、經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6-C12芳基,m為1、2或3;R3為氫、氟、-CmF2m+1、經取代或未經取代的C1-C6烷基或經取代或未經取代的C1-C6烷氧基,m為1、2或3;各R4獨立為氫或經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基,或多個R4可鍵結而形成C3-C8含氮芳香雜環或芳香環,且多個R4可相同或不同;X1、X2、X3、X4各自獨立為碳或氮;Y1^Y2^Y3三牙配基為負二價,其結構為下面通式(II)或(III):其中R5為經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基或-CmF2m+1,m為0~3的整數;R6以及R7各自獨立為氫、氟、經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基或經取代或未經取代的C6-C12芳基、或-CmF2m+1,m為0~3的整數;p為0~3之整數,當p大於或等於2,R6可為相同或不同,且兩個或兩個以上的R6可彼此連接形成C3-C8的芳香環q為0~4之整數,當q大於或等於2,R7可為相同或不同,且兩個或兩個以上的R7可彼此連接形成C3-C8的芳香環;以及X5和X6各自獨立為碳或氮;以及其中R8為經取代或未經取代的C1-C12烷基或-CmF2m+1,m為0~3的整數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的銥錯合物,其中X1、X2、X3、X4皆為碳。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的銥錯合物,其結構由式(I-1-1)至式(I-1-24)中任一者所表示: 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的銥錯合物,其中X1、X2、X3、X4中至少有一者為氮。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的銥錯合物,其結構由式(I-1-25)至式(I-1-31)中任一者所表示: 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的銥錯合物,其結構由式(I-a)至式(I-b)中任一者所表示:。
- 一種有機發光二極體,包括二電極及配置於所述二電極之間的一發光層,所述發光層含有如申請專利範圍第1~6項中任一項所述的銥錯合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光二極體,其中所述銥錯合物是作為摻雜劑,摻入所述發光層的一主體材料中。
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