TWI622351B - 調節植物生長的方法 - Google Patents
調節植物生長的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
提供一個改善區域中目標植物生長的方法，該方法包含於該區域施用能改善生長的份量的化合物(I)：
此方法適用於改善各種目標植物的生長，尤其改善甘蔗、水稻、大豆、油菜及馬鈴薯植物的生長。
Description
本發明有關調節植物生長的方法，特別用於改善目標植物的生長。
文獻載有調節目標植物生長(尤其改善植物生長)的各種方法。這些方法通常以傳統施肥方法為基礎。由於已知方法的生物作用不能完全在農業用地證實，故改善所需植物生長的技術在農業有龐大需求，尤其有助提高植物產量以及減少使用改善目標植物生長及產量所需肥料的技術。
若干異唑烷酮類有效作為除草劑，且可防止有害植物生長。異草松(2-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4,4-二甲基-3-異唑烷酮)是特具商業價值的異唑烷酮，於本領域的通用名稱及於下文稱為可滅蹤(clomazone)。除草活性化合物可滅蹤已知始於美國專利第4,405,357號，常用於各種植物中控制雜草和有害植物的生長。化合物可滅蹤的通式(I)如下。
可滅蹤是非常易揮發的有機化合物。尤其，化合物之揮發性使得一旦噴灑到目標範圍中的植物，就會擴散至目標範圍以外的鄰近地區。可滅蹤的擴散或蔓延可能令非目標範圍內的植物因可滅蹤的作用而受損，導致枝葉變色，最普遍情況會令各種植物、樹木或觀賞植物變白或漂白。倘植物接觸的可滅蹤屬低濃度，漂白情況可能只暫時維持。然而，即使這方法不會摧毀受影響植物，亦是不欲者。在較高濃度下，植物可能永久損壞，甚至死亡。
因此，處理和使用可滅蹤的適當指示一般附於市場上可滅蹤產品的產品標籤上，特別是含有可滅蹤的可乳化濃縮物(EC)製劑，旨在限制或防止可能具破壞性濃度的可滅蹤影響非目標範圍的敏感植物。
為應付可滅蹤的高揮發性及由此產生在本領域處理和應用含可滅蹤的製劑的問題，已研發技術減少或防止可滅蹤於目標區域使用時飄散的情況。其中，本領域已有提出減少可滅蹤揮發的配製技術，以減少或防止可滅蹤以氣體形態傳播至非目標植物。例如，美國專利第5,597,780號和5,583,090號所述的包膠技術，當中可製作可滅蹤微膠囊懸著劑製劑。類似的製劑(包括微膠囊可滅蹤及其製作方法和用途)載於歐洲專利申請公開書第EP1 840 145及EP2 487 192號。
可滅蹤已知為具活性且為殺草譜廣的除草劑，能控制各種植
物中的年生雜草和闊葉雜草。研究結果出人意表，發現可滅蹤有效改善目標植物的生長。
因此，本發明說明一個改善某區域的目標植物生長的方法，此方法包含於該區域使用能改善生長的份量的化合物(I)：
現已發現，使用化合物(I)可改善植物的生長。就此而言，倘結果顯示下列項目一項或多項改善或增加至少10%，則被視為植物生長有所改善：提早發芽、植物產量、根系更為發達、植物高度、較大葉塊面積、新枝生長、植物更為茁壯，及/或減少至少10%肥料用量或減少所需種子數量10%以達到區域中預定植物產量。在這方面，可滅蹤的改善生長份量會相應理解為達到上述目標植物的生長改善所需的可滅蹤份量。
可滅蹤用於具任何適當條件區域內的目標植物，尤其按本方法使用可滅蹤改善目標植物的生長時，建議有關區域必須並無雜草，尤其年生雜草及闊葉雜草。
再者，本發明須使用化合物(I)改善區域內目標植物的生長。
可按本發明的方法加以改善的植物包括：穀類(如小麥、大
麥、黑麥、燕麥、水稻、玉米和高粱)、紅菜頭(如甜菜和飼料甜菜)、水果(如梨果；有核水果及無核水果如蘋果、梨、李子、桃、杏仁、櫻桃及莓如草莓、紅莓和黑莓)、豆類果實(如豆、扁豆、豌豆及大豆)、油料植物(如油菜、芥菜、罌粟、橄欖、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可豆和花生)、瓜類(如節瓜、青瓜及瓜果)、纖維植物(如棉花、亞麻、大麻和黃麻)、柑橘類水果(如橙、檸檬、西柚和橘子)、蔬菜(如菠菜、生菜、蘆筍、捲心菜、甘筍、洋蔥、蕃茄、馬鈴薯和辣椒)、樟科植物(如牛油果、肉桂、樟腦)以及煙草、堅果、咖啡、茄子、甘蔗、茶、胡椒、藤蔓、蛇麻草、香蕉、天然橡膠植物和觀賞植物；其中特別對甘蔗、水稻、豆、大豆、油菜及馬鈴薯植物使用本發明的方法。
研究發現，本發明對改善甘蔗、水稻、大豆、油菜和馬鈴薯植物的生長特別有利。
如上文所述，本發明的方法為透過於區域使用含有可滅蹤的組合物來改善該區域的目標植物生長。可滅蹤可加入任何合適的組合物或製劑內用於區域。建議把可滅蹤連同至少一種佐劑使用。農業化學產品製劑中慣常使用在本領域為人熟悉的佐劑，亦為本領域技術人員所知曉。合適佐劑包括作為增量劑的組合物，例如溶劑或固體媒介物、穩定劑、緩釋佐劑、染料和一種或多種介面活性物質(介面活性劑)。在這種情況下，合適媒介物和佐劑包括慣常用於植物保護產品配方中的所有物質，特別是用於控制植物生長的產品。溶劑、固體媒介物、介面活性化合物、非離子介面活性劑、陽離子介面活性劑、陰離子介面活性劑及根據本發明所使用組合物中的其他佐劑等的適用佐劑例子與EP 0 736 252所列相同。
本領域中已有合適可滅蹤配方的製作和使用方法，而可滅蹤製劑亦可於市場購買。適用的可滅蹤製劑例子包括乳劑(EC)、水懸劑(SC)，可直接噴灑或可稀釋溶液、可塗層的漿糊、稀釋乳劑、可濕性粉劑(WP)、可溶性粉劑、可分散粉劑、粉劑或顆粒劑。在建議實施例中，含可滅蹤的製劑封裝於聚合物物質組成的膠囊。如上所述，有關微膠囊可滅蹤於本領域已存在。
如上所述，本發明的建議實施例會於區域使用微膠囊可滅蹤。含有微膠囊活性農用化學成分(其中包括可滅蹤)的製劑，是本領域已知製劑及可於市場購買。微膠囊可滅蹤的微膠囊包括聚合物外殼及核心，核心含有可滅蹤，或有一種或多種其他成份，如農用化學配方中常用的溶劑和其他佐劑或賦形劑。聚合物外殼可以是任何合適方法製成的適用聚合物物質及微膠囊。建議聚合物外殼使用界面聚合技術製造。適用的聚合物例子包括聚醯胺、聚酯、聚胺酯及聚脲。該聚合物建議為聚脲，尤其從一個或多個異氰酸酯化合物和一種或多種胺化合物反應形成的聚脲。有關反應及反應物在本領域已為人所知，而反應物可於市場上購買。
本發明中，把可滅蹤加入顆粒劑時，適用的微膠囊例子載於EP 0 719 087、EP 0 792 100、EP 0 854 675、EP 1 104 991、EP 1 164 849、EP 1 404 176、EP 1 928 593、EP 2 133 140、WO 01/24631、WO 03/099005、WO 96/22159、WO 2007/072046、WO 2007/101019、WO 2009/00545及WO 2009/086914。
本發明中，適用的微膠囊可滅蹤顆粒劑的配方載於英國專利第GB2478317號。
除以上所述外，可滅蹤組合物可含有其他成分，例如農用化學配方普遍的成份，以及選自生物殺劑、佐劑和活性改良劑的一種或多種成分，包括活性成分的保護劑及增效劑。有關成分可於市場上購買，其用途於本領域乃為人所知。
可滅蹤組合物含有適量可滅蹤(足以改善目標區域植物生長的份量)。該組合物含有可滅蹤的比重由0.1至99%，更常見由0.1至95%。
商業產品傾向配製成濃縮物，最終使用者通常會採用稀釋製劑，具有相當低濃度的可滅蹤，例如他們會用合適媒介物(尤其水)稀釋或分散可滅蹤製劑。
如上文所述，加入可滅蹤到處理區域的比率至少需足以令該區域的目標植物生長得以改善。此比率的範圍0.01至3.0公斤/公頃，更理想為0.05至2.0公斤/公頃及0.05至1.5公斤/公頃，惟目標植物的生長須獲改善。
可滅蹤可能是在區域使用的組合物中唯一活性成分。另外，可滅蹤可混合一種其他活性成分。兼容活性成分會與可滅蹤一併用於區域，有關成分包括一種或多種其他除草劑、殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、殺線蟲劑、植物生長調節劑和/或保護劑。適用活性成分於本領域屬已知，可在市場購買，且能按本領域已知的技術以可滅蹤配製。
如上所述，區域內的目標植物因使用可滅蹤，生長呈現改善。因此，本發明的好處是即使減少於區域的肥料用量，目標植物仍達到相同的生長特徵。肥料用量至少可按重量減少10%。
以下例子說明本發明處理植物和使用可滅蹤的方法。
實例
實例1
甘蔗植物經市場上的可滅蹤濃縮製劑處理(Centium 360 CS®；微膠囊可滅蹤膠囊懸著劑，濃度為360克/升)。將濃縮製劑加入水中，並按本領域的方法如常分散及稀釋，製成組合物噴霧水。把甘蔗植物噴上組合物噴霧，當中可滅蹤比率為120克/公頃。
監察甘蔗植物的生長，及與在相同條件下生長但未經可滅蹤處理的甘蔗植物進行比較。
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的甘蔗植物生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，較多新枝，平均高度亦較高。
實例2
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的甘蔗植物生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，以實例1類似的方法處理水稻幼苗。
監察水稻植物的生長，及與在相同條件下生長但未經可滅蹤處理的同期水稻植物進行比較。
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的水稻植物生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，較多新枝，平均高度亦較高。
實例3
以實例1類似的方法處理大豆幼苗。
監察大豆植物的生長，及與在相同條件下生長但未經可滅蹤處理的同期大豆植物進行比較。
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的大豆植物生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，較多新枝，平均高度亦較高。
實例4
以實例1類似的方法處理油菜幼苗。
監察油菜植物的生長，及與在相同條件下生長但未經可滅蹤處理的同期油菜植物進行比較。
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的油菜生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，較多新枝，平均高度亦較高。
實例5
以實例1類似的方法處理馬鈴薯幼苗。
監察馬鈴薯植物的生長，及與在相同條件下生長但未經可滅蹤處理的同期馬鈴薯植物進行比較。
據觀察所得，與未經處理的植物比較，處理後的馬鈴薯植物生長顯著改善，平均葉片面積較大，較多新枝，平均高度亦較高。
Claims (12)
- 一種用於改善區域內目標植物生長的方法，該方法包含在該區域施用能改善生長的份量的化合物(I)：其中該化合物(I)係以範圍為0.05至1.5公斤/公頃之比率施用，且與未經化合物(I)處理以達到相同植物生長所施用之肥料量相比，施用於該區域的肥料量按重量減少至少10%。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中目標植物選取自甘蔗、水稻、玉米、豆、大豆、油菜及馬鈴薯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第2項的方法，其中目標植物為甘蔗或水稻。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的方法，其中化合物(I)封裝在微膠囊內。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項的方法，其中微膠囊化合物(I)之濃度為360克/升。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項的方法，更包含於區域施用一種或多種其他除草劑、殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、殺線蟲劑、植物生長調節劑和/或保護劑。
- 一種式(I)化合物的用途，係用於改善在一區域中目標植物的生長，其中該化合物(I)係以範圍為0.05至1.5公斤/公頃之比率施用，且與未經化合物(I)處理以達到相同植物生長所施用之肥料量相比，施用於該區域的肥料量按重量減少至少10%。
- 根據申請專利範圍7項的用途，其中目標植物選取自甘蔗、水稻、玉米、豆、大豆、油菜及馬鈴薯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第8項的用途，其中目標植物為甘蔗或水稻。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7至9項中任一項的用途，其中化合物(I)封裝在微膠囊內。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項的用途，其中微膠囊化合物(I)之濃度為360克/升。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7至9項中任一項的用途，其中化合物(I)係與一種或多種其他除草劑、殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、殺線蟲劑、植物生長調節劑和/或保護劑施用於該區域。
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| JPS55139306A (en) * | 1979-04-19 | 1980-10-31 | Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Plant growth regulator |
| US4405357A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1983-09-20 | Fmc Corporation | Herbicidal 3-isoxazolidinones and hydroxamic acids |
| US4892578A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1990-01-09 | Fmc Corporation | Phenylmethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone plant regulators |
| US4826527A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-02 | Fmc Corporation | Aminophenylmethyl isoxazolidinones as plant regulators |
| US5597780A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1997-01-28 | Fmc Corporation | Low volatility formulations of microencapsulated clomazone |
| US5783520A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-07-21 | Monsanto Company | Microencapsulated herbicidal compositions comprising clomazone and edible oils |
| US5583090A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1996-12-10 | Monsanto Company | Herbicidal microencapsulated clomazone compositions with reduced vapor transfer |
| WO2000010392A1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-02 | Fmc Corporation | Combination of two or more active ingredients using microencapsulated formulations |
| US6218339B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-04-17 | Fmc Corporation | Microencapsulated clomazone in the presence of fat and resin |
| US20010051591A1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-12-13 | Ferrett Richard E. | Safening crops from the phytotoxic effects of herbicidally active N-phosphonomethyl-glycines |
| CN1276153A (zh) * | 2000-06-28 | 2000-12-13 | 江苏长青集团有限公司 | 一种除草剂 |
| GB0328529D0 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2004-01-14 | Syngenta Ltd | Agrochemical composition |
| WO2007101019A2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-07 | Fmc Corporation | Stable mixtures of microencapsulated and non-encapsulated pesticides |
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| RU2508631C2 (ru) | 2007-01-09 | 2014-03-10 | Новозаймс Байолоджиклз Холдинг А/С | Композиции на основе комбинации липо-хитоолигосахарида для усиления роста и урожайности растений |
| CN101578044B (zh) | 2007-01-09 | 2013-08-14 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 用于促进植物生长和提高产量的脂壳寡糖联用组合物 |
| PT2424369E (pt) * | 2009-05-01 | 2015-09-16 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Fitoprotecção contra as lesões devidas ao herbicida penoxsufam em arroz semeado em água e transplantado em arrozais |
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| US6797277B2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-09-28 | Wilbur-Ellis Company | Delivery system for pesticides and crop-yield enhancement products using micro-encapsulated active ingredients in extruded granules |
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| PH12015501401A1 (en) | 2015-09-07 |
| FR2999873A1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 |
| EP2934148A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| RU2015129716A (ru) | 2017-01-25 |
| GB201223379D0 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
| AR093442A1 (es) | 2015-06-10 |
| UA112499C2 (uk) | 2016-09-12 |
| PH12015501401B1 (en) | 2015-09-07 |
| US20160106101A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
| TW201424589A (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
| GB2496327B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| RU2609404C2 (ru) | 2017-02-01 |
| BR112015008670B1 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
| CN104883887B (zh) | 2016-07-27 |
| EP2934148B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
| CN104883887A (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
| GB2496327A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| BR112015008670A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| EP2934148A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| WO2014101608A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US10874106B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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