CN104883887A - 调节植物生长的方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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Abstract
提供了一种改善一位置目标植物生长的方法，此方法包括向该位置施用生长改善量的化合物(I)。
Description
本发明涉及调节植物生长的方法，特别用于改善目标植物的生长。
文献中记载有调节目标植物生长(尤其是改善植物生长)的各种方法。这些方法通常以传统施肥方法为基础。由于这些已知方法的生物作用未在农业领域得到完全证实，故在农业上存在提供改善期望植物生长的技术的高度需求，尤其是那些获得更高作物产量以及减少需要向目标植物施用肥料的量(以改善其生长和产量)的技术。
已知若干种异唑烷酮类是有效的除草剂，且可用于控制不希望的植物生长。一种特别的具有商业重要性的异唑烷酮类化合物是2-(2-氯苯基)甲基-4，4-二甲基异唑烷-3-酮)，其是本领域中已知的并在下文中按其通用名异草酮(clomazone)称呼。对该除草活性化合物异草酮的认识始于美国专利第4,405,357号，其通常用于在各种作物中控制杂草和不希望的植物生长。异草酮是具有通式(I)的化合物。
异草酮已知是非常易挥发的有机化合物。特别地，一旦施用到目标区域中的植物，该化合物的挥发性会使其扩散至该目标区域以外的邻近区域。作为所述向非目标区域移动或漂移的结果，这些区域中的植物可受到异草酮的作用引起的损害。特别地，异草酮可导致叶变色，最典型的情况是使各种作物、树木或观赏植物变白或一定程度的漂白。当植物暴露于足够低浓度的异草酮时，漂白可能只是暂时的。尽管如此，这也是不希望的，即便未导致所影响植物被损害。在较高浓度下，植物可永久地被损害，甚至死亡。
因此，处理和使用异草酮的适当使用说明通常见于市售异草酮产品(特别是含有异草酮的乳油(emulsifiable concentrate，EC)制剂)的产品标签上，以限制或防止非目标区域的敏感植物暴露于潜在损害性浓度的异草酮。
针对异草酮的高挥发性及本领域中处理和施用含异草酮制剂所导致的问题，已研发出技术来减少或防止异草酮施用于目标位置时的漂移。特别地，本领域已有提出减少异草酮挥发性的配制技术，从而减少或防止异草酮蒸发转移至不是施用目标的植物上。例如，美国专利第5,597,780号和5,583,090号描述了包封技术，当中制备了异草酮的微胶囊悬浮制剂。类似的含有微胶囊化异草酮的制剂、其制备方法和用途公开于欧洲专利申请公开号EP1 840 145及EP2 487 192中。
已知异草酮是广谱活性除草剂，能控制多种作物中的一年生草和阔叶杂草。现已出乎意料地发现，异草酮有效改善目标植物的生长。
因此，根据本发明，描述了一种改善一位置目标植物生长的方法，此方法包括向该位置施用生长改善量的化合物(I)：
现已发现，施用化合物(I)可导致植物生长的改善。在这方面，如果显示下列项目中的一项或更多项改善或增加最少10％，则植物生长被认为有改善：提早发芽、作物产量、更发达的根系、植物高度、更大的叶片、枝条生长增加、植物更为茁壮，和/或施肥量减少至少10％或实现该位置预定作物产量所需的种子数量减少10％。因此，在这方面，异草酮的生长改善量理解为实现上述目标植物生长改善所需的异草酮的量。
可以在任何合适的条件下向所述位置的目标植物施用异草酮。特别优选的是，将异草酮用在用于改善目标植物的生长的方法中时，所述目标植物基本上不含有杂草，更优选基本上不含有一年生草及阔叶杂草。
本发明的另一方面是提供化合物(I)用于改善一位置的目标植物生长的用途。
可按本发明的方法加以改善的作物包括：谷类(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、水稻、玉米和高粱)、甜菜(如糖用甜菜和饲料甜菜)、水果(如梨果；有核水果及无核水果如苹果、梨、李子、桃、杏仁、樱桃及浆果(如草莓、红莓和黑莓)、豆类果实(如豆、扁豆、豌豆及大豆)、油料植物(如油菜、芥菜、罂粟、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可豆和花生)、葫芦科植物(如西葫芦、黄瓜及甜瓜)、纤维植物(如棉花、亚麻、大麻和黄麻)、柑橘类水果(如橙、柠檬、西柚和橘子)、蔬菜(如菠菜、生菜、芦笋、卷心菜、甘笋、洋葱、蕃茄、马铃薯和辣椒)、樟科作物(如牛油果、肉桂、樟脑)以及烟草、坚果、咖啡、茄子、甘蔗、荼、胡椒、藤本植物(vines)、蛇麻草、香蕉、天然橡胶作物和观赏作物；其中特别对甘蔗、水稻、豆、大豆、油菜及马铃薯使用本发明的方法。
研究发现，本发明对改善甘蔗、水稻、大豆、油菜和马铃薯作物的生长特别有利。
如上文所述，在本发明的方法中，通过向所述位置施用含有异草酮的组合物来改善该位置的目标植物生长。异草酮可以任何合适的组合物或制剂施用于所述位置。异草酮优选与至少一种辅助剂一起施用于所述位置。农业化学产品制剂中惯常使用的辅助剂是本领域所熟知的，亦为本领域技术人员所理解。合适的辅助剂包括作为增量剂的组分，例如溶剂或固体载体、稳定剂、缓释辅助剂、染料和一种或多种表面活性物质(表面活性剂)。在这种情况下，合适的载体和辅助剂包括惯常用于作物保护产品(特别是用于控制作物生长的产品)配方中的所有物质。合适的辅助剂，例如溶剂、固体载体、表面活性化合物、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂及根据本发明使用的组合物中的其它辅助剂等，与EP 0 736 252所列的那些相同。
合适的异草酮制剂的制备和用途是本领域中已知的，且异草酮制剂可商业购得。合适的异草酮制剂的例子包括乳油(EC)、悬浮剂(SC)，可直接喷洒或可稀释溶液、可涂覆糊剂(coatable paste)、稀释乳剂、可湿性粉剂(WP)、可溶性粉剂、可分散粉剂、粉剂或颗粒剂。在一个优选的实施方案中，异草酮以包封于聚合物物质中的胶囊形式存在于制剂中。如上所述，这样的异草酮微胶囊化形式是本领域中已知的。
如上所述，本发明的一个优选实施方案包括向所述位置施用微胶囊化形式的异草酮。含有微胶囊化活性农用化学组分(特别是异草酮)的制剂是本领域已知的并且可商业购买到。所述微胶囊化的异草酮包含具有聚合物外壳及核心的微胶囊，所述核心含有异草酮，以及任选的一种或多种其它组分，如农用化学制剂中常用的溶剂和其它辅助剂或赋形剂。聚合物外壳可以是来自任何合适的聚合物材料，并且所述微胶囊可以由任何合适的方法形成。优选地，所述聚合物外壳使用界面聚合技术形成。合适的聚合物的例子包括聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氨酯及聚脲。聚合物优选为聚脲，尤其由一种或多种异氰酸酯化合物与一种或多种胺化合物的反应形成的聚脲。这些反应是本领域已知的，反应物是已知的且可商业购买到的。
适用于制备用于纳入本发明颗粒中的异草酮的微胶囊的实例公开于EP 0 719 087、EP 0 792 100、EP 0 854 675、EP 1 104 991、EP 1 164 849、EP 1 404 176、EP 1 928 593、EP 2 133 140、WO 01/24631、WO 03/099005、WO 96/22159、WO 2007/072046、WO 2007/101019、WO 2009/00545及WO 2009/086914中。
适用于本发明中颗粒的微胶囊化形式的异草酮的配方的实例公开于英国专利第GB 2478317号。
除以上所述外，异草酮组合物还可含有其它组分。这些组分的实例包括农用化学配方中通常含有的那些组分，以及包括选自生物杀灭剂(biocide)、辅助剂和活性改良剂中的一种或多种组分，包括活性成分的安全剂(safener)及增效剂(synergising agent)。这些组分可商业购买得到，其用途是本领域所知的。
异草酮组合物可含有任何合适量的异草酮(足以改善目标位置作物生长的异草酮的量)。该组合物可含有异草酮的量按重量计为0.1至99％，更尤其是0.1至95％。
尽管市售产品优选配制成浓缩物，但最终使用者通常会采用具有相当低浓度的异草酮的稀释制剂，例如通过将异草酮制剂稀释或分散到合适的载体(尤其是水)中。
如上文所述，向处理位置施加的异草酮的比率是至少足以获得该位置目标植物生长的改善。此比率的范围可以是0.01至3.0kg/公顷，更优选为0.05至2.0kg/公顷，还更优选为0.05至1.5kg/公顷，前提是所述目标植物的生长获得改善。
异草酮可以是施用于所述位置的组合物中存在的唯一活性成分。或者，异草酮可以与一种以上的其它活性成分组合存在。可以与异草酮一并施用于该位置的相容性活性组分包括一种或多种其它除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、作物生长调节剂和/或安全剂。合适的活性组分是本领域已知的，且可在市场购买。它们可以用本领域已知的技术与异草酮一起配制。
如上所述，已发现位置内的目标植物因采用异草酮处理而呈现生长改善。因此，可以通过在减少向所述位置施用的化肥的量的同时仍达到目标植物相同的生长特征而实现本发明的益处。化肥用量的减少可以是按重量计至少10％。
出于举例说明的目的，通过以下实施例来描述本发明处理植物的方法和异草酮的用途。
实施例
实施例1
甘蔗作物通过施用市售的异草酮浓缩制剂处理(Centium 360微胶囊化异草酮的悬浮剂，浓度为360g/l)。按本领域的常规方法将该浓缩制剂在水中分散并稀释，制成含水喷雾组合物。按照异草酮施用比率为120g/公顷的量向甘蔗作物施用该喷雾组合物。
监测甘蔗作物的生长，并与在相同条件下生长但未经异草酮处理的甘蔗作物的生长进行比较。
据观察，与未经处理的作物比较，处理后的甘蔗作物生长显著改善，特别是，处理后的作物表现出平均叶片面积较大，具有增加的枝条生长，并且生长到更高的平均高度。
实施例2
以与实施例1类似的方法处理水稻幼苗。
监测水稻作物的生长，并与在相同条件下生长但未经异草酮处理的同龄水稻作物的生长进行比较。
据观察，与未经处理的作物比较，处理后的水稻作物生长显著改善，特别是，处理后的作物表现出较大的平均叶片面积，具有增加的枝条生长，并且生长到更高的平均高度。
实施例3
以与实施例1类似的方法处理大豆幼苗。
监测大豆作物的生长，并与在相同条件下生长但未经异草酮处理的同龄大豆作物的生长进行比较。
据观察，与未经处理的作物比较，处理后的大豆作物生长显著改善，特别是，处理后的作物表现出平均叶片面积较大，具有增加的枝条生长，并且生长到更高的平均高度。
实施例4
以与实施例1类似的方法处理油菜幼苗。
监测油菜作物的生长，并与在相同条件下生长但未经异草酮处理的同龄油菜作物的生长进行比较。
据观察，与未经处理的作物比较，处理后的油菜生长显著改善，特别是，处理后的作物表现出平均叶片面积较大，具有增加的枝条生长，并且生长到更高的平均高度。
实施例5
以与实施例1类似的方法处理马铃薯幼苗。
监测马铃薯作物的生长，并与在相同条件下生长但未经异草酮处理的同龄马铃薯作物的生长进行比较。
据观察，与未经处理的作物比较，处理后的马铃薯作物生长显著改善，特别是，处理后的作物表现出平均叶片面积较大，具有增加的枝条生长，并且生长到更高的平均高度。
Claims (14)
1.一种改善一位置目标植物生长的方法，此方法包括向所述位置施用生长改善量的化合物(I)：
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述目标植物选自甘蔗、水稻、玉米、豆、大豆、油菜及马铃薯。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述目标植物为甘蔗或水稻。
4.按照前述权利要求所述的方法，其中所述化合物(I)被微胶囊化。
5.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，还包括向所述位置施用一种或更多种其它除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、植物生长调节剂和/或安全剂。
6.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中与未经化合物(1)处理时实现相同植物生长施用的肥料量相比，向所述位置施用的肥料量按重量计减少至少10％。
7.式(I)化合物用于改善一位置目标植物生长的用途
8.按照权利要求7所述的用途，其中所述目标植物选自甘蔗、水稻、玉米、豆、大豆、油菜及马铃薯。
9.按照权利要求8所述的用途，其中所述目标植物为甘蔗或水稻。
10.按照权利要求7至9中任一项所述的用途，其中所述化合物(I)被微胶囊化。
11.按照权利要求7至10中任一项所述的用途，还包括向所述位置施用一种或更多种其它除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀线虫剂、植物生长调节剂和/或安全剂。
12.按照权利要求7至11中任一项所述的用途，其中与未经化合物(I)处理时实现相同植物生长施用的肥料量相比，向所述位置施用的肥料量按重量减少至少10％。
13.基本上如上文所述的改善一位置目标植物生长的方法。
14.如上文所述的异草酮用于改善一位置目标植物生长的用途。
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| PCT/CN2013/087847 WO2014101608A1 (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2013-11-26 | Method of regulating plant growth |
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| US4826527A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-02 | Fmc Corporation | Aminophenylmethyl isoxazolidinones as plant regulators |
| US5597780A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1997-01-28 | Fmc Corporation | Low volatility formulations of microencapsulated clomazone |
| US5583090A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1996-12-10 | Monsanto Company | Herbicidal microencapsulated clomazone compositions with reduced vapor transfer |
| ES2193738T3 (es) * | 1998-08-18 | 2003-11-01 | Fmc Corp | Combinacion de dos o mas principios activos utilizando formulaciones microencapsuladas. |
| US6218339B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-04-17 | Fmc Corporation | Microencapsulated clomazone in the presence of fat and resin |
| US20010051591A1 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-12-13 | Ferrett Richard E. | Safening crops from the phytotoxic effects of herbicidally active N-phosphonomethyl-glycines |
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| BRPI0707978B1 (pt) | 2006-02-23 | 2014-12-23 | Fmc Corp | Composição, método para o controle de plantas indesejadas, e, processo para preparar uma composição |
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| CN101578044B (zh) | 2007-01-09 | 2013-08-14 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 用于促进植物生长和提高产量的脂壳寡糖联用组合物 |
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| GB2496327B (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | Rotam Agrochem Int Co Ltd | Method of improving plant growth with clomazone |
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| US5783520A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-07-21 | Monsanto Company | Microencapsulated herbicidal compositions comprising clomazone and edible oils |
| CN1276153A (zh) * | 2000-06-28 | 2000-12-13 | 江苏长青集团有限公司 | 一种除草剂 |
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| EP2934148A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
| BR112015008670A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| BR112015008670B1 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
| GB2496327B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| FR2999873B1 (fr) | 2018-01-12 |
| FR2999873A1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 |
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| UA112499C2 (uk) | 2016-09-12 |
| WO2014101608A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US20160106101A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
| US10874106B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
| RU2609404C2 (ru) | 2017-02-01 |
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