TWI619498B - 精神分裂症的處置方法 - Google Patents
精神分裂症的處置方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI619498B TWI619498B TW106134526A TW106134526A TWI619498B TW I619498 B TWI619498 B TW I619498B TW 106134526 A TW106134526 A TW 106134526A TW 106134526 A TW106134526 A TW 106134526A TW I619498 B TWI619498 B TW I619498B
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- 230000003936 working memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明提供一種新穎之脂肪酸衍生物。本發明亦提供一種脂肪酸衍生物之用途,其係用於製造處置有需要之哺乳類個體之精神分裂症的藥物。
Description
本發明係關於精神分裂症的處置方法。
精神分裂症是一種慢性的、嚴重的及致殘的腦機能障礙其自有歷史以來即影響人類。約1%的美國人患有這種疾病。
患有這種疾病的人可能聽到別人聽不到的聲音。他們可能認為別人會察覺他們的想法、控制他們的思想或密謀傷害他們。此等可驚嚇人們而使他們退卻或焦慮不安。
精神分裂症患者的言談可能無意義。他們可能坐上幾個小時不動或不講話。有時精神分裂症患者看起來完全沒問題直到他們談到自己的真正想法。
家庭及社會也都會受到精神分裂症的影響。許多精神分裂症患者難以維持工作或照顧自己,所以他們得依賴他人的幫助。
治療有助於減輕精神分裂症的許多症狀,但是大部分有此疾病的人終生得與症狀對抗。然而,許多精神分裂症患者可以在他們的社會中過著值得的及有意義的生活。研究人員正開發更有效的藥物治療及使用新研究工具來瞭解
精神分裂症的原因。未來數年,這項工作可幫助預防並更佳地治療該疾病。
精神分裂症的症狀分成三大類:正向症狀、負向症狀及認知症狀。正向症狀為健康人身上看不到的精神病性行為。正向症狀患者往往與現實"失去聯繫"。這些症狀可以來來去去。有時嚴重而其他時候幾乎覺察不出,取決於個體是否正在接受治療。這些症狀包含幻想、妄想、思維障礙及運動障礙。負向症狀與正常情緒及行為之崩潰有關聯。這些症狀較難識別為障礙之一部分而可能被誤認為抑鬱症或其他病症。這些症狀包含“情感平淡”(一個人的臉部不會動或他或她講話聲音枯燥單調),日常生活缺少愉悅,缺少開始及承受計劃活動之能力,及很少言語,甚至於在強迫互動時。認知症狀是微妙的。如同負向症狀,認知症狀可能難識別為障礙之一部分。往往,他們只是在進行其他試驗時檢測出來。認知症狀包含不佳的"執行功能"(瞭解資訊並使用其做出決定之能力)、集中及專注的困難及"工作記憶"(學習資訊後立即使用之能力)的問題。
因為精神分裂症的成因仍未知,所以治療上集中於消除疾病之症狀。治療包含抗精神病藥物治療及各種心理治療(精神分裂症,NIH Publication No.09-3517,2009修訂,National Institute of Mental Health),但是尚未建立令人滿意之治療方法。
脂肪酸衍生物為有機羧酸類之成員,其係含於人類或其他哺乳動物之組織或器官中,並展現廣大範圍之生理活
性。可見於自然界中的有些脂肪酸衍生物一般具有如式(A)所示之前列腺酸骨架:
另一方面,某些合成的前列腺素(PG)類似物具有經修飾的骨架。初級PGs根據五員環部分的結構而分類為PGAs、PGBs、PGCs、PGDs、PGEs、PGFs、PGGs、PGHs、PGIs及PGJs,且由碳鏈部分的不飽和鍵的數目及位置而進一步分類為下列三種型式:
下標1:13,14-不飽和-15-OH
下標2:5,6-及13,14-二不飽和-15-OH
下標3:5,6-、13,14-及17,18-三不飽和-15-OH。
另外,根據9-位置的羥基之構型而將PGFs分類成α型(該羥基為α-構型)以及β型(該羥基為β-構型)。
已知PGs具有各種藥理上及生理上之活性,例如,血管擴張、炎症引發、血小板聚集、刺激子宮肌肉、刺激腸道肌肉及抗潰瘍作用等。
前列酮為脂肪酸衍生物,在前列腺酸骨架之位置15具有側氧基(15-酮基型)及在位置13與14之間具有單鍵及在位置15具有側氧基(13,14-二氫-15-酮基型),前列酮已知為
初級PGs代謝期間由酵素作用而自然產生之物質並具有某些治療功效。前列酮已揭示於美國專利第5,073,569、5,534,547、5,225,439、5,166,174、5,428,062、5,380,709、5,886,034、6,265,440、5,106,869、5,221,763、5,591,887、5,770,759及5,739,161號,此等參考文獻之內容係以參考資料之方式併入本文中。
然而並不瞭解脂肪酸衍生物如何作用於精神分裂症。
本發明係關於哺乳動物個體之精神分裂症的處置方法,其包括將有效量之脂肪酸衍生物給藥予有需求之個體,該脂肪酸衍生物由式(I)表示:
其中L、M及N為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或側氧基,其中該五員環可具有至少一個雙鍵;A為-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能性衍生物;B為單鍵、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;Z為
或單鍵
其中R4及R5為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥基(低碳數)烷基,其中R4及R5不同時為羥基及低碳數烷氧基;Z1及Z2為氧、氮或硫;R6及R7為可視需要經取代之低碳數烷基,其可視需要連接一起而形成低碳數伸烷基;R1為飽和或不飽和之二價低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基、側氧基、芳基或雜環基取代,且該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;以及Ra為飽和或不飽和之低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、側氧基、羥基、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基取代;低碳數烷氧基;低碳數烷醯氧基;環(低碳數)烷基;環(低碳數)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;雜環基;雜環-氧基,且該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
本發明亦關於上文說明之式(I)表示之脂肪酸衍生物。
本文使用之脂肪酸衍生物之命名係以上述式(A)所示前列腺酸骨架之編號系統為基礎。
式(A)顯示C-20脂肪酸衍生物之基本骨架,但本發明並不限於該等具有相同碳原子數者。式(A)中,構成脂肪酸衍生物之基本骨架之碳原子編號係自羧酸(編號1)開始,在α-鏈上之碳原子往5-員環方向編號為2至7,在環上者為8至12,而在ω-鏈上者為13至20。當α-鏈上之碳原子數減少時,編號依序自位置2開始刪除;而當α-鏈上之碳原子數增加時,化合物係以在位置2具有個別取代基置換羧基(C-1)之取代化合物命名。同樣地,當ω-鏈上之碳原子數減少時,編號依序自位置20開始刪除;而當ω-鏈上之碳原子數增加時,在位置21或之後的碳原子則以位置20之取代基命名。除非另有說明,否則化合物之立體化學與上述式(A)相同。
一般而言,各PGD、PGE及PGF代表在位置9及/或11具有羥基之脂肪酸衍生物,但本說明書中彼等亦包括在位置9及/或11具有羥基以外之取代基之脂肪酸衍生物。此類化合物稱為9-去氧-9-取代-脂肪酸衍生物或11-去氧-11-取代-脂肪酸衍生物。脂肪酸衍生物中具有氫原子置換羥基者簡稱為9-或11-去氧-脂肪酸衍生物。
如上述,脂肪酸衍生物係以前列腺酸骨架為基礎而命名。如果化合物具有與初級PG相似之部分結構,則可使用"PG"之簡稱。因此,其α-鏈延伸2個碳原子之脂肪酸衍生物,亦即,在α-鏈上具有9個碳原子,則命名為2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-PG化合物。同樣地,其α-鏈上具有11個碳原子之脂肪酸衍生物則命名為2-去羧基-2-(4-羧丁基)-PG
化合物。另外,其ω-鏈延伸2個碳原子之脂肪酸衍生物,亦即,在ω-鏈上具有10個碳原子,則命名為20-乙基-PG化合物。然而,此等化合物亦可依據IUPAC命名法命名。
包括上述脂肪酸衍生物之取代化合物或衍生物之類似物的實例包含其α鏈末端之羧基經酯化之脂肪酸衍生物;其α鏈係延伸之脂肪酸衍生物,其生理上可接受之鹽,在位置2與3之間具有雙鍵或在位置5與6之間具有三鍵之脂肪酸衍生物;在位置3、5、6、16、17、18、19及/或20的碳原子上具有取代基之脂肪酸衍生物;及在位置9及/或11具有低碳數烷基或羥基(低碳數)烷基以置換羥基之脂肪酸衍生物。
依據本發明,在位置3、17、18及/或19之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括具有1至4個碳原子之烷基,特別是甲基及乙基。在位置16之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括低碳數烷基諸如甲基及乙基、羥基、鹵素原子諸如氯及氟以及芳氧基諸如三氟甲基苯氧基。在位置17之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括低碳數烷基諸如甲基及乙基、羥基、鹵素原子諸如氯及氟以及芳氧基諸如三氟甲基苯氧基。在位置20之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括飽和或不飽和之低碳數烷基諸如C1-4烷基、低碳數烷氧基諸如C1-4烷氧基以及低碳數烷氧基烷基諸如C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷基。在位置5之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括鹵素原子諸如氯及氟。在位置6之碳原子上之較佳取代基包括形成羰基之側氧基。於位置9及11之碳原子上具有羥基、低碳數烷基或羥基(低碳數)烷基之取代
基之PGs之立體化學可為α、β或其混合物。
另外,以上說明之類似物或衍生物可具有比初級PGs為短的ω-鏈及在截頭ω-鏈末端具有諸如烷氧基、環烷基、環烷氧基、苯氧基及苯基之取代基。
本發明中使用之脂肪酸衍生物由式(I)表示:
其中L、M及N為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或側氧基,其中5員環可具有至少一個雙鍵;A為-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能性衍生物;B為單鍵、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;Z為或單鍵
其中R4及R5為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥基(低碳數)烷基,其中R4及R5不同時為羥基及低碳數烷氧基;Z1及Z2為氧、氮或硫;R6及R7為可視需要經取代之低碳數烷基,其可視需要連接一起而形成低碳
數伸烷基;R1為飽和或不飽和之二價低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基、側氧基、芳基或雜環基取代,且該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;以及Ra為飽和或不飽和之低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、側氧基、羥基、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基取代;低碳數烷氧基;低碳數烷醯氧基;環(低碳數)烷基;環(低碳數)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;雜環基;雜環-氧基,且該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
本發明中使用之較佳化合物由式(II)表示:
其中L及M為氫原子、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或側氧基,其中該5員環可具有一個或多個雙鍵;A為-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能性衍生物;B為單鍵、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C
≡C-;Z為或單鍵
其中R4及R5為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥基(低碳數)烷基,其中R4及R5不同時為羥基及低碳數烷氧基;Z1及Z2為氧、氮或硫;R6及R7為可視需要經取代之低碳數烷基,其可視需要連接一起而形成低碳數伸烷基;X1及X2為氫、低碳數烷基或鹵素;R1為飽和或不飽和之二價低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥基、側氧基、芳基或雜環基取代,且脂族烴中至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;R2為單鍵或低碳數伸烷基;及R3為低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環氧基,且脂族烴中至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
本發明進一步關於新穎化合物7-[2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸或其官能性衍生物。
該化合物可以立體異構物之混合物存在,或該化合物可以單一異構物存在。
具體例中,本發明提供7-[2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛
基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸或其醚、酯、醯胺、互變異構物、鏡像異構物或藥學上可接受之鹽。
於另一具體例中,本發明提供(E)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸或其醚、酯、醯胺、互變異構物或藥學上可接受之鹽。
上式中,R1及Ra定義中之術語"不飽和"意指包括單離、分開或接續存在於主鏈及/或側鏈中之碳原子間之至少一個或多個雙鍵及/或三鍵。根據一般命名法,兩個連續位置間之不飽和鍵係由指示該兩個位置中之較低碳數表示,而兩個遠距位置間之不飽和鍵則由兩個位置皆指示來表示。術語"低碳數或中碳數脂族烴"意指具有1至14個碳原子(側鏈較佳為1至3個碳原子)之直鏈或支鏈烴基,較佳為1至10個碳原子,特別佳為1至8個碳原子。
術語"鹵素原子"涵蓋氟、氯、溴及碘。
於本說明書全文中,除非另有說明,術語"低碳數"意指包括具有1至6個碳原子之基團。
術語"低碳數烷基"意指含有1至6個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈飽和烴基,包括,例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基及己基。
術語"低碳數伸烷基"意指含有1至6個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈二價飽和烴基,包括,例如,亞甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基、伸異丙基、伸丁基、伸異丁基、伸第三丁基、伸戊基及伸己基。
術語"低碳數烷氧基"意指低碳數烷基-O-之基團,其中
低碳數烷基如上文定義。
術語"羥基(低碳數)烷基"意指至少經一個羥基取代之如上文定義之低碳數烷基諸如羥基甲基、1-羥基乙基、2-羥基乙基及1-甲基-1-羥基乙基。
術語"低碳數烷醯氧基"意指式RCO-O-表示之基團,其中RCO-為經由氧化如上文定義之低碳數烷基而形成之醯基,諸如乙醯基。
術語"環(低碳數)烷基"意指經由環化如上文定義之低碳數烷基而形成之環狀基團,但該環狀基團含有3個或更多個碳原子,其包括,例如,環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及環己基。
術語"環(低碳數)烷氧基"意指環(低碳數)烷基-O-基團,其中環(低碳數)烷基如上文定義。
術語"芳基"可包括未經取代或經取代之芳香烴環(較佳為單環基),例如,苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基。取代基之實例為鹵素原子及鹵(低碳數)烷基,其中鹵素原子及低碳數烷基如上文定義。
術語"芳氧基"意指式ArO-表示之基團,其中Ar為如上文定義之芳基。
術語"雜環基"可包括單環至三環,較佳為單環雜環基,其為5至14員,較佳為5至10員環,其具有可視需要經取代之碳原子及1至4個,較佳為1至3個之1或2種選自氮原子、氧原子與硫原子之雜原子。雜環基之實例包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、噻唑
基、異噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、呋吖基、哌喃基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、2-吡咯啉基、吡咯啶基、2-咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、2-吡唑啉基、吡唑啶基、N-六氫吡啶基、六氫吡基、N-嗎啉基、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、嘌呤基、喹唑啉基、咔唑基、吖啶基、啡啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、啡噻基。此情況下之取代基之實例包括鹵素及經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基,其中鹵素原子及低碳數烷基如上文說明。
術語"雜環氧基"意指式HcO-表示之基團,其中Hc為如上文說明之雜環基。
術語A之"官能性衍生物"包括鹽類(較佳為藥學上可接受之鹽類)、醚類、酯類及醯胺類。
適當之"藥學上可接受之鹽類"包括常用之無毒性鹽類,例如,與無機鹼形成之鹽類諸如鹼金屬鹽(諸如鈉鹽及鉀鹽)、鹼土金屬鹽(諸如鈣鹽及鎂鹽)、銨鹽;或與有機鹼形成之鹽,例如,胺鹽(諸如甲基胺鹽、二甲基胺鹽、環己基胺鹽、苯甲基胺鹽、哌啶鹽、乙二胺鹽、乙醇胺鹽、二乙醇胺鹽、三乙醇胺鹽、參(羥基甲基胺基)乙烷鹽、單甲基-單乙醇胺鹽、普魯卡因鹽及咖啡因鹽)、鹼性胺基酸鹽(諸如精胺酸鹽及離胺酸鹽)及四烷基銨鹽等。此等鹽類可依常用方法製備,例如,由對應之酸與鹼製備或採用鹽交換法製備。
醚之實例包括烷基醚類,例如,低碳數烷基醚類諸如甲基醚、乙基醚、丙基醚、異丙基醚、丁基醚、異丁基醚、
第三丁基醚、戊基醚及1-環丙基乙基醚;及中碳數或高碳數烷基醚類,諸如辛基醚、二乙基己基醚、月桂基醚及鯨蠟基醚;不飽和醚類諸如油基醚及亞麻基醚;低碳數烯基醚類諸如乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚;低碳數炔基醚類諸如乙炔基醚及丙炔基醚;羥基(低碳數)烷基醚類諸如羥基乙基醚及羥基異丙基醚;低碳數烷氧基(低碳數)烷基醚類諸如甲氧基甲基醚及1-甲氧基乙基醚;可視需要經取代之芳基醚類諸如苯基醚、甲苯磺醯基醚、第三丁基苯基醚、水楊基醚、3,4-二-甲氧基苯基醚及苯甲醯胺基苯基醚;及芳基(低碳數)烷基醚類諸如苯甲基醚、三苯甲基醚及二苯甲基醚。
酯之實例包括脂族酯類,例如,低碳數烷基酯類諸如甲基酯、乙基酯、丙基酯、異丙基酯、丁基酯、異丁基酯、第三丁基酯、戊基酯及1-環丙基乙基酯;低碳數烯基酯類諸如乙烯基酯及烯丙基酯;低碳數炔基酯類諸如乙炔基酯及丙炔基酯;羥基(低碳數)烷基酯類諸如羥基乙基酯;低碳數烷氧基(低碳數)烷基酯類諸如甲氧基甲基酯及1-甲氧基乙基酯;及可視需要經取代之芳基酯類諸如,例如,苯基酯、甲苯基酯、第三丁基苯基酯、水楊基酯、3,4-二-甲氧基苯基酯及苯甲醯胺基苯基酯;及芳基(低碳數)烷基酯類諸如苯甲基酯、三苯甲基酯及二苯甲基酯。
A之醯胺係指式-CONR’R”表示之基團,其中R’及R”各為氫、低碳數烷基、芳基、烷基-或芳基-磺醯基、低碳數烯基及低碳數炔基,及包括例如低碳數烷基醯胺類諸如甲基醯胺、乙基醯胺、二甲基醯胺及二乙基醯胺;芳基
醯胺類諸如醯胺苯及醯替甲苯胺;及烷基-或芳基-磺醯基醯胺類諸如甲基磺醯基醯胺、乙基磺醯基-醯胺與甲苯基磺醯基醯胺
L及M之較佳實例包括氫、羥基及側氧基,特別是L及M兩者皆為羥基,或L為側氧基及M為氫或羥基。
A之較佳實例為-COOH、其藥學上可接受之鹽、酯或醯胺。
X1及X2之較佳實例為兩者皆為氫或鹵素原子,更佳為氟原子,所謂16,16-二氟型式。
較佳之R1為含有1至10個碳原子之烴殘基,較佳為6至10個碳原子。另外,該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
R1之實例包括,例如,下列基團:-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-C≡C-CH2-O-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,以及-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-。
較佳的Ra為含有1至10個碳原子之烴,更佳地,1至8個碳原子。Ra可具有1或2個具有一個碳原子之側鏈。另外,該脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
本發明具體例中,式(I)或式(II)之代表化合物包括式(I)化合物其中Ra經鹵素取代及/或Z為C=O;式(II)化合物其中X1及X2之一經鹵素取代及/或Z為C=O;式(II)化合物其中L為=O或-OH,M為H或OH,A為COOH或其官能性衍生物,B為-CH2-CH2-,Z為C=O,X1為鹵素(如,X1為Cl、Br、I或F)或氫,X2為鹵素(如,X2為Cl、Br、I或F)或氫,R1為飽和或不飽和之二價直鏈C6脂族烴殘基,R2為單鍵,及R3為可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代之直鏈或支鏈低碳數烷基(如,C4-6烷基);式(II)化合物其中L為=O,M為OH,A為COOH或其官能性衍生物,B為-CH2-CH2-,Z為C=O,X1為鹵素(如,X1為Cl、Br、I或F)或氫,X2為鹵素(如,X2為Cl、Br、I或F)或氫,R1為飽和或不飽和之二價直鏈C6脂族烴殘基,R2
為單鍵,及R3為可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代之直鏈或支鏈低碳數烷基;式(II)化合物其中L為=O,M為OH,A為COOH或其官能性衍生物,B為-CH2-CH2-,Z為C=O,X1及X2為鹵素(如,X1及X2為Cl、Br、I或F),R1為飽和或不飽和之二價直鏈C6脂族烴殘基,R2為單鍵,及R3為直鏈或支鏈低碳數烷基(如,C4烷基或C5烷基);式(II)化合物其中L為=O,M為OH,A為COOH或其官能性衍生物,B為-CH2-CH2-,Z為C=O,X1及X2為氟原子,R1為飽和或不飽和之二價直鏈C6脂族烴殘基,R2為單鍵,及R3為直鏈或支鏈低碳數烷基(如,C4烷基或C5烷基);式(II)化合物其中L為=O,M為H或OH,A為COOH或其官能性衍生物,B為-CH2-CH2-,Z為C=O,X1及X2為鹵素(如,X1及X2為Cl、Br、I或F),R1為飽和或不飽和之二價直鏈C6脂族烴殘基,R2為單鍵,及R3為-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3或-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3;7-[2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚酸;7-[3,5-二羥基-2-(3-側氧基癸基)環戊基]庚-5-烯酸異丙酯;7-[2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸;及其醚、酯、醯胺、互變異構物、鏡像異構物或藥學上可接受之鹽。
於另外之具體例中,本發明使用之代表化合物包括(-)-7-[(2R,4aR,5R,7aR)-2-(1,1-二氟戊基)-2-羥基-6-側氧基八氫環戊烷并[b]哌喃-5-基]庚酸(魯比前列酮(lubiprostone))、
(-)-7-{(2R,4aR,5R,7aR)-2-[(3S)-1,1-二氟-3-甲基戊基]-2-羥基-6-側氧基八氫環戊烷并[b]哌喃-5-基]庚酸(考前列酮(cobiprostone))、(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-(3-側氧基癸基)環戊基]庚-5-烯酸(+)-異丙酯(烏諾前列酮異丙酯(isopropyl unoprostone))、(-)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚酸、(E)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸、其互變異構物及其官能性衍生物。
上文式(I)及(II)中該環及α-鏈及/或ω-鏈之構型可與初級PGs之構型相同或不同。然而,本發明亦包括具有初級型構型之化合物與非初級型構型之化合物的混合物。
本發明中,在位置13及14之間為二氫,及位置15為酮(=O)之脂肪酸衍生物,可在位置11之羥基與位置15之酮基之間形成半縮醛而呈酮基-半縮醛平衡。
例如,已揭示當X1及X2二者均為鹵素原子,特別是氟原子時,該化合物含有互變異構物,雙環化合物。
若存在如前述之此類互變異構物時,兩種互變異構物之比例將隨其餘分子的結構或存在之取代基的種類而異。有時,相較於另一種異構物,其中一種異構物可能以顯著多量存在。然而,應瞭解本發明包括此二種異構物。
另外,本發明使用之脂肪酸衍生物包括雙環化合物及其類似物或衍生物。
雙環化合物由式(III)表示:
其中,A為-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能性衍生物;X1’及X2’為氫、低碳數烷基或鹵素;Y為
其中R4’及R5’為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥基(低碳數)烷基,其中R4’及R5’不同時為羥基及低碳數烷氧基。
R1為飽和或不飽和之二價低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、烷基、羥基、側氧基、芳基或雜環基取代,且脂族烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;及R2’為飽和或不飽和之低碳數或中碳數脂族烴殘基,其係未經取代或經鹵素、側氧基、羥基、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基取代;低碳數烷氧基;低碳數烷醯氧基;環(低碳數)烷基;環(低碳數)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;雜環基;雜環-氧基;及脂族
烴中之至少一個碳原子可視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
R3’為氫、低碳數烷基、環(低碳數)烷基、芳基或雜環基。
此外,雖然本發明使用之化合物不論是否存在異構物均可由以酮基型為基礎之化學式或名稱表示,但應注意此種結構或名稱並非意圖排除縮醛型化合物。
於本發明中,任何異構物諸如個別之互變異構物、其混合物、或光學異構物、其混合物、消旋混合物及其他立體異構物均可使用於相同之目的。
本發明使用之某些化合物可依照美國專利第5,073,569、5,166,174、5,221,763、5,212,324、5,739,161及6,242,485號揭露之方法製備(此等參考文獻之內容係以參考資料之方式併入本文中)。
哺乳動物個體可為任何包括人類之哺乳動物個體。該化合物可全身或局部施用。通常,施用該化合物可經由口服給藥、鼻腔給藥、吸入給藥、靜脈注射(包括輸注)、皮下注射、直腸內給藥、陰道給藥及經皮給藥等。
劑量可視動物種類、年齡、體重、所欲治療之症狀、所需的治療效果、給藥途徑及治療期等而異。經全身性之每日1至4次給藥或每日以0.00001至500mg/kg量的連續給藥,更佳0.0001至100mg/kg,可得到滿意的效果。
較佳可將該化合物調配成適合於常用方式給藥的醫藥組成物。該組成物可為適合於口服給藥、鼻腔給藥、吸入給藥、注射或灌注以及可為外用藥劑、栓劑或陰道栓劑之
組成物。
本發明之組成物可進一步含有生理上可接受之添加物。該添加物可包括與本發明化合物一起使用之成分諸如賦形劑、稀釋劑、增量劑、溶解劑、潤滑劑、輔劑、結合劑、崩解劑、包衣劑、囊封劑、油膏基劑、栓劑基劑、氣霧劑、乳化劑、分散劑、懸浮劑、增稠劑、等張劑、緩衝劑、舒緩劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、矯味劑、調味劑、著色劑、功能性材料諸如環糊精及生物可降解聚合物、安定劑。該等添加物均為所屬領域所習知且可選自一般醫藥參考書所說明者。
上文定義之化合物在本發明組成物中之含量可隨該組成物之調配而變化,且一般可為0.000001至10.0%,更佳為0.00001至5.0%,及最佳為0.0001至1%。
口服給藥用固體組成物之實例包括錠劑、口含錠、舌下錠、膠囊、丸劑、粉劑、粒劑等。固體組成物可藉由混合一種或多種活性成分與至少一種非活性稀釋劑而製備。該組成物可進一步含有非活性稀釋劑以外之添加物,例如,潤滑劑、崩解劑及安定劑。如需要,錠劑與丸劑可以腸溶性或胃溶性膜衣包覆。可包覆兩層或更多層。亦可吸附於持續釋放性材料,或經由微囊包封。另外,可使用容易降解之材料諸如明膠以囊封組成物。彼等亦可進一步溶解於適當溶劑中諸如脂肪酸或其單酸、二酸-或三酸甘油酯而成軟膠囊。若需要速效性質,可使用舌下錠。
口服給藥用液體組成物之實例包括乳液、溶液、懸浮
液、糖漿及酏劑等。該組成物可進一步含有常用之非活性稀釋劑如,純化水或乙醇。該組成物可包含非活性稀釋劑以外之添加物諸如輔劑如濕化劑及懸浮劑、甜味劑、調味劑、香料及防腐劑。
本發明之醫藥組成物可為含有一種或多種活性成分之噴霧組成物形式且可依照習知方法製備。
鼻內用製劑之實例可為包括一種或多種活性成分之水性或油性溶液、懸浮液或乳液。於經吸入活性成分之給藥方式中,本發明之組成物可為提供作噴霧劑之懸浮液、溶液或乳液之形式,或為適合用於乾粉吸入之粉劑形式。用於吸入式給藥之組成物可進一步包括常用的推噴劑。
本發明用於腸胃外給藥之注射用組成物之實例包括無菌水性或非水性溶液、懸浮液及乳液。水性溶液或懸浮液之稀釋劑包括,例如,注射用蒸餾水、生理食鹽水及林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution)。
溶液與懸浮液之非水性稀釋劑可包括,例如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油諸如橄欖油、醇類諸如乙醇及聚山梨醇酯。該組成物可進一步包括添加物諸如防腐劑、濕化劑、乳化劑及分散劑等。彼等可經由過濾滅菌,如,以細菌滯留之過濾器過濾,與滅菌劑化合,或以氣體或放射性同位素照射之方式滅菌。亦可以無菌粉劑組成物之形式提供注射用組成物,而於使用前溶於注射用無菌溶劑中。
本發明之外用藥劑包括使用於皮膚科及耳喉科領域之所有外用製劑,其包括軟膏、乳膏、乳液及噴劑。
本發明之另一種形式為栓劑或陰道栓劑,可將活性成分混入常用的基劑諸如在體溫會軟化的可可酯而製備,亦可使用具有適當軟化溫度的非離子性界面活性劑來改善吸收性。
根據本發明,本發明脂肪酸衍生物係適用於處置精神分裂症。
使用於本文之術語"處置"或"治療"包括預防性及治療性治療,及任何控制的方法諸如預防、照護、緩解症狀、減弱症狀、防止症狀加深等。
本發明醫藥組成物可含有單一活性成分或兩種或更多種活性成分之組合,只要彼等不違背本發明之宗旨。
在複數個活性成分之組合中,彼等之分別含量可考慮彼等之療效及安全性而適當地增加或減少。
本文所用術語"組合"意指將兩種或更多種活性成分同時以單一實體或劑量之形式給藥患者,或將兩者以分離實體同時或接續地在無具體時間限制下給藥患者,此種給藥較佳地在同一時間提供兩種成分之療效濃度於身體中。
於具體例中,本發明脂肪酸衍生物抑制前脈衝抑制之降低,前脈衝抑制係用以測量感覺閘控,其為注意力之前意識調控器。
將參考下列實施例詳細說明本發明,然而此等實施例非意圖限制本發明之範圍。
使用雄性Wistar大鼠(n=135)(200至300g)。將動物養在標準溫度(22±1℃)及光照控制的環境中(7am至8pm照光)給予隨意採食及飲水。以1.5mg/kg,s.c.之苯環己哌啶(PCP)處置動物並於15min後測驗前脈衝抑制(PPI)。在PPI前15min完成靜脈注射化合物A((-)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚酸)、化合物B((Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-(3-側氧基癸基)環戊基]庚-5-烯酸(+)-異丙酯)及對應之載體,其意指PCP注射後立即給予各化合物或載體。
在標準驚嚇箱進行PPI測驗(SR-LAB驚嚇反應系統,San Diego Instruments,USA)。PPI測驗前,使動物適應於操作。PPI測驗當天,將動物置於箱中並使其適應一段300s時間。適應期之後,大鼠接受12次驚嚇試驗、12次無刺激試驗及12次前脈衝/驚嚇試驗(3x12次試驗)。驚嚇試驗由單一110dB白噪音猝發持續20ms所構成。PPI測驗由前脈衝(20ms強度60dB之白噪音猝發)後100ms接著驚嚇刺激(110dB,20ms白噪音)所構成。無刺激試驗期間,不給予驚嚇噪音。驚嚇刺激開始後100ms期間測量大鼠在驚嚇箱中發生之移動。基礎驚嚇振幅確定為12次驚嚇試驗之平均振幅。根據公式100-100%×(PP/P110)計算%PPI,其中PP為12次前脈衝抑制試驗之平均值(即,各個別前脈衝強
度),P110為基礎驚嚇振幅。用PCPs.c.處置動物後15min做PPI測驗。
化合物A及B改善經PCP中斷之PPI反應。
以上結果顯示本發明化合物適用於治療精神分裂症。
化合物B及C對大鼠經PCP中斷之PPI反應之影響方法
使用雄性Wistar大鼠(n=135)(200至300g)。將動物養在標準溫度(22±1℃)及光照控制的環境中(7am至8pm照光)給予隨意採食及飲水。以1.5mg/kg,s.c.之苯環己哌啶(PCP)處置動物並於15min後測驗前脈衝抑制(PPI)。在PPI前45min完成口服給藥化合物B((Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-二羥基-2-(3-側氧基癸基)環戊基]庚-5-烯酸(+)-異丙酯)及化合物C((E)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸)及對應之載體,其意指PCP注射
前30min給予各化合物或載體。
在標準驚嚇箱進行PPI測驗(SR-LAB驚嚇反應系統,San Diego Instruments,USA)。PPI測驗前,使動物適應於處理。PPI測驗當天,將動物置於箱中並使其適應一段300s時間。適應期之後,大鼠接受12次驚嚇試驗、12次無刺激試驗及12次前脈衝/驚嚇試驗(3x12次試驗)。驚嚇試驗由單一110dB白噪音猝發持續20ms所構成。PPI測驗由前脈衝(20ms強度63dB之白噪音猝發)後100ms接著驚嚇刺激(110dB,20ms白噪音)所構成。無刺激試驗期間,不給予驚嚇噪音。驚嚇刺激開始後100ms期間測量大鼠在驚嚇箱中發生之移動。基礎驚嚇振幅確定為12次驚嚇試驗之平均振幅。根據公式100-100%×(PP/P110)計算%PPI,其中PP為12次前脈衝抑制試驗之平均值(即,各個別前脈衝強度),P110為基礎驚嚇振幅。用PCPs.c.處置動物後15min做PPI測驗。
化合物B及C改善經PCP中斷之PPI反應。
於室溫及氬氛圍下,將n-四丁基氟化銨之THF(1.0M)溶液加入(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-(-)-六氫-4-(第三丁基二甲基矽氧基甲基)-5-(四氫-2H-哌喃-2-基氧基)-2H-環戊烷并[b]呋喃-2-酮}(0.95mmol/mL)之乾燥THF(142mL)溶液中。
將反應混合物於室溫攪拌18小時,然後蒸發。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,60:40至100:0 EtOAc/己烷)純化殘留物而得到產率94.6%之化合物[2]。
於-78℃及氬氛圍下,將無水DMSO 36.28ml(0.511mol)加入氯化乙二醯(0.26mol)之乾燥CH2Cl2(250ml)溶液中。將
反應混合物於-78℃攪拌10分鐘。將化合物[2](0.128mol)之乾燥CH2Cl2(100ml)溶液加入混合物中並於-78℃攪拌1小時,隨後添加乾燥三乙胺(89ml)。使反應混合物回溫至室溫,倒入aqNH4Cl(500ml)中並以CH2Cl2萃取。然後以aqNH4Cl及鹽水洗滌有機層,經MgSO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮。不需進一步純化而使用該粗製醛於下一個步驟。
於0℃及氬氛圍下,將第三丁醇鉀(1.0M THF溶液)加入3,3-二氟-2-側氧基-己基-二甲基膦酸酯(0.192mol)之乾燥THF(100mL)溶液中。將反應混合物攪拌並回溫至室溫30分鐘,將無水氯化鋅(0.192mol)加入反應混合物中並於室溫攪拌3小時。然後將上述醛之乾燥THF(100mL)溶液混合入反應中,並於45℃攪拌18小時。將混合物倒入aqNH4Cl(400ml)中並以乙酸乙酯萃取三次。以1N-HCl、aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌合併之有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,30:70至60:40 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到產率76.3%之化合物[3]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.98(1H,m,),6.60(1H,m,),5.03(1H,m,),4.65(1H,m,),4.25-4.05(1H,m,),3.78(1H,m,),3.50(1H,m,),2.92-1.35(18H,m,),0.92(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
將5%鈀/碳3.70g(10wt%)加入化合物[3](0.0959mol)之乙酸乙酯溶液中。於室溫及H2氬氛圍下,將混合物攪拌
20小時。將反應混合物過濾,以乙酸乙酯洗滌並濃縮而得到。
重複相同反應2次,濃縮濾液而得到產率97.4%之化合物[4]。
於-40℃及氬氛圍下,將固體NaBH4(0.0467mol)加入化合物[4](0.0934mol)之乾燥甲醇溶液中。將反應混合物於-30℃/-40℃攪拌30分鐘。將乙酸(5.6ml)加入反應中,倒入H2O中並以乙酸乙酯萃取三次。以aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌集中之有機層,經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮而得到產率99.8%之化合物[5]。
於0℃及氬氛圍下,將無水吡啶(0.373mol)及乙醯氯(0.186mol)逐滴加入醇[5](0.0932mol)之乾燥CH2Cl2(255ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於室溫攪拌1.5小時,並倒入H2O中。以CH2Cl2萃取混合物。以1N-HCl、aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌有機層,經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,30:70至45:65 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到產率96.3%之化合物[6]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 5.09(2H,m,),4.66(1H,m,),4.10-3.78(2H,m,),3.51(1H,m,),2.81(1H,m,),2.65-1.20(24H,m,),0.90(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
於室溫及氬氛圍下,將固體對甲苯磺酸吡啶鹽(PPTS
(8.88mmol)加入化合物[6](88.8mmol)之乾燥甲醇(307ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於45℃攪拌5小時。將混合物倒入鹽水中並以乙酸乙酯萃取。以aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。使用己烷及乙酸乙酯(50:50至70:30 EtOAc/己烷)經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP)純化粗殘留物而得到產率98.6%之化合物[7]。
於室溫及氬氛圍下,將固體硫羰基二咪唑(0.133mol)加入攪拌之化合物[7](88.4mmol)之乾燥二氯乙烷(246ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於60℃攪拌2小時。濃縮該混合物。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,60:40至70:30 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到產率98.4%之化合物[8]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.36(1H,s,),7.56(1H,m,),7.04(1H,s,),5.69(1H,m,),5.10(2H,m,),2.96(1H,dd,J=18.4,10.4Hz),2.72(1H,m,),2.52(3H,m,),2.25(1H,m,),2.15-2.13(3H,m,),1.95-1.30(10H,m,),0.92(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
於100℃及氬氛圍下,將化合物[8](87.0mmol)之乾燥甲苯(300ml)溶液加入氫化三丁錫(0.113mol)與AIBN(偶氮二異丁腈)(4.35mmol)之乾燥甲苯(200ml)溶液之混合物中,將該反應於100℃攪拌30分鐘。將氫化三丁錫15.0ml(0.0558mol)加入反應混合物溶液中,並於100℃再攪拌
30分鐘。
將混合物濃縮並以己烷(350ml)稀釋且以乙腈萃取。將乙腈層濃縮而經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,30:70至40:60 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到產率96.3%之化合物[9]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 5.11(1H,m,),4.94(1H,m,),2.79(1H,m,),2.36(2H,m,),2.15(3H,s,),2.17-1.16(15H,m,),0.92(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
於-78℃及氬氛圍下,將氫化二異丁基鋁(DIBAL,1.5M甲苯溶液)(0.293mol)加入攪拌之化合物[9](0.0837mol)之乾燥甲苯(195ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於-78℃攪拌30分鐘。將甲醇(195ml)加入混合物中並回溫至室溫。然後將酒石酸鉀鈉水溶液(500ml)加入反應中並於室溫攪拌1小時。以乙酸乙酯萃取該混合物。以鹽水洗滌有機層,經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮而得到粗化合物[10]。
於0℃及氬氛圍下,將固體第三丁醇鉀(0.243mol)加入溴化2-(1,3-二氧雜環己烷-2-基)-乙基三苯基鏻(0.243mol)之乾燥THF(450ml)懸浮液中。將懸浮液於室溫攪拌40分鐘。將化合物[10]之乾燥THF(80ml)溶液加入該懸浮液中,並於室溫攪拌2小時。將混合物倒入冰/H2O中並以乙酸乙酯萃取。以H2O及鹽水洗滌有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,40:60至60:40 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而自化合物[9]得
到產率90.7%之化合物[11]。
於0℃及氬氛圍下,將無水吡啶(0.607mol)及乙醯氯(0.304mol)逐滴加入化合物[11](0.0759mol)之乾燥CH2Cl2(350ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於室溫攪拌1.5小時,並倒入H2O中。以CH2Cl2萃取該混合物。以1N-HCl、aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,20:800至30:70)純化粗殘留物而得到產率87.2%之化合物[12]。
將5%鈀/碳3.14g(10wt%)加入化合物[12]之乙酸乙酯(310ml)溶液中。於室溫及H2氛圍下,將反應混合物攪拌16小時。以矽藻土墊過濾該混合物並以乙酸乙酯洗滌。過濾並濃縮有機層而得到產率99.6%之化合物[13]。
於0℃將2N-aq NaOH(0.329mol)加入化合物[13](0.0658mol)之乙醇(165ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於室溫攪拌17小時。以2N-aq HCl中和該混合物並以乙酸乙酯萃取。以H2O及鹽水洗滌有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,50:50/60:40)純化粗殘留物而得到產率89.6%之化合物[14]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 4.52(1H,t,J=5.6Hz)4.22(1H,bs,),4.10(2H,m,)3.76(2H,m,),3.71(1H,m,),2.18-1.09(26H,m,),0.93(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
將蒸餾水於70℃經15分鐘加入攪拌之化合物[14](0.0590mol)之冰醋酸(232ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於70℃攪拌45分鐘。濃縮該混合物。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,50:50至60:40 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到化合物[15]。
於0℃及氬氛圍下,將雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鋰(1.0M THF溶液)(0.0767mol)加入二乙基膦醯基乙酸第三丁基二苯基矽基酯(0.0767mol)之乾燥THF(77ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於室溫攪拌1小時。於-40℃添加化合物[15]22.50g之乾燥THF(70ml)溶液,然後將反應混合物於0℃攪拌17小時。以乙酸(0.153mol)酸化該混合物並倒入H2O中。以乙酸乙酯萃取該混合物。以H2O、aqNaHCO3及鹽水洗滌有機層然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,30:70至35:65)純化粗殘留物而自化合物[14]得到產率67.3%之化合物[16]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.70-7.36(10H,m,),7.07(1H,dt,J=15.6,6.8Hz),5.93(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),4.22(1H,bs,),3.66(1H,m,),2.25(2H,m,),2.05-1.02(31H,m,),0.93(3H,t,J=7.2Hz,)
將溴化鉀(0.125mol)、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶1-氧基(TEMPO,0.0125mol)及3% aqNaHCO3(0.125mol)加入化合物[16](0.0625mol)之甲苯(577ml)溶液中然後冷卻至0℃。添加約0.9M次氯酸鈉水溶液後,將混合物於0℃攪拌45分鐘。添加硫代硫酸鈉水溶液(400ml)並以乙酸乙酯萃取。以1N-HCl(200ml)、aqNaHCO3(400ml)及鹽水(400ml)洗滌有機層,然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠BW-300SP,10:90至20:80)純化粗殘留物而得到產率93.1%之化合物[17]。
(E)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸
(7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基-辛基)-5-側氧基-環戊基]-庚-2(E)-烯酸)
於0℃將46%氟化氫水溶液(0.582mol)加入化合物[17](0.0582mol)之乙腈(356ml)溶液中。將反應混合物於0℃攪拌1小時。將水(300ml)加入混合物中並將鹽水(200ml)加入反應中且以乙酸乙酯萃取。以水及鹽水洗滌有機層,然後經MgSO4乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。經急速層析法(Fuji Silysia矽膠FL-60D,0:100、10:90、20:80、30:70至35:65 EtOAc/己烷)純化粗殘留物而得到產率90.7%之化合物[18]。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.06(1H,dt,J=15.6,7.2Hz,),5.83(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,),2.76(2H,m,),2.40-1.20(22H,m,),0.93(3H,t,J=6.8Hz,)
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ 220.1,201.0(t,J=32Hz),171.58,151.95,120.71,118.39(t,J=251Hz),54.84,40.69,37.72,33.85,32.18(t,J=22Hz),32.12,28.13,27.53,27.32,26.75,26.31,23.31(t,J=5Hz),22.41,13.76
IR(neat)2959,2934,1740,1697,1649,1285,1213,1165,1028,984,914cm-1
Claims (2)
- 一種7-[2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸或其醚、酯、醯胺、互變異構物或醫藥可接受鹽,其中,該化合物或該醚、該酯、該醯胺、該互變異構物或該醫藥可接受鹽係呈立體異構物之混合物或呈單一立體異構物存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物或其醚、酯、醯胺、互變異構物或醫藥可接受鹽,其中該化合物為(E)-7-[(1R,2R)-2-(4,4-二氟-3-側氧基辛基)-5-側氧基環戊基]庚-2-烯酸。
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