TWI594463B - 發光元件及影像顯示裝置 - Google Patents

發光元件及影像顯示裝置 Download PDF

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TWI594463B
TWI594463B TW104124031A TW104124031A TWI594463B TW I594463 B TWI594463 B TW I594463B TW 104124031 A TW104124031 A TW 104124031A TW 104124031 A TW104124031 A TW 104124031A TW I594463 B TWI594463 B TW I594463B
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light
emitting element
interface
recess
display device
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TW201633565A (zh
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切通聡
花村敏明
寺西将人
中口佳祐
川口信
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三菱電機股份有限公司
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    • H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
    • H01L25/13—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
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    • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
    • G09G3/342—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines
    • G09G3/3426—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines the different display panel areas being distributed in two dimensions, e.g. matrix
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    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
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Description

發光元件及影像顯示裝置
本發明係關於一種發光元件及具備發光元件的影像顯示裝置。
在顯示畫面上將多數個發光元件縱向及橫向排列成矩陣狀所成的大型之影像顯示裝置，係常被設置於運動設施、建築物牆壁等屋外。該影像顯示裝置係按照從外部輸入之視訊信號，使各發光元件之亮度和發光色產生變化，以在顯示畫面上顯示文字、圖形及其他的影像(例如，專利文獻1、2)。
使用於影像顯示裝置的發光元件係例如將如LED(light emitting diode；發光二極體)的光源配置於殼體之凹部之底面，並將透明樹脂填充於凹部所構成。光源所放射的光線係穿透透明樹脂而朝向外部射出。與殼體之外部的空間相接的透明樹脂之交界面，換句話說，即發光元件之發光面，係平坦地形成(例如，專利文獻3、4)。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
專利文獻1：日本特開平11-305689號公報
專利文獻2：日本特開2006-308713號公報
專利文獻3：日本特開2012-109461號公報
專利文獻4：日本特開2015-26871號公報
由於發光元件所具備的透明樹脂之折射率係比空氣之折射率還大，所以在發自光源的光通過透明樹脂與外部空氣之交界面時會發生折射。尤其是在偏離發光元件之光軸的周緣部，由於入射於交界面的入射角變大，所以折射率亦會變大。當折射角變大時，由於發光元件之發光會擴散為較寬的範圍，所以指向特性會降低。當發光元件之指向特性降低時，影像顯示裝置之影像的畫質就會降低而不佳。
當將發光元件小型化、薄型化時，由於發光元件之周緣部的入射角會變得更大，所以折射角會變得更大，指向特性會更降低。又，當入射角超過臨界角時，會在交界面發生全反射，所以發自光源的光無法射出殼體。結果，亦發生發光元件之實質的光量降低的問題。
本發明係基於此種背景而開發完成者，其目的在於提高發光元件之指向特性。又，其目的在於抑制交界面之全反射以增加發光元件之實質的光量。又，其目的在於改善顯示於影像顯示裝置的圖像之畫質。
為了達成上述目的，本發明係具備：殼體，具備凹部；光源，配置於殼體之凹部；以及透明構件，用以將凹部封蓋，並且使光源之發光穿透，透明構件與殼體之外部的空間相接的交界面，係至少在透明構件之周緣部，具備隨著遠離光源之光軸而漸漸接近凹部之底面的傾斜。
依據本發明，由於至少在前述透明構件之周緣部中，在前述透明構件與外部環交相接的交界面，具備隨著遠離光源之光軸而漸漸接近凹部之底面的斜面，所以在透明構件之周緣部中，入射於交界面的光之入射角會變小。若入射角變小，折射角亦會變小，所以光擴散的範圍會變窄。結果，能提高發光元件之指向特性。又，只要設定傾斜角度使折射角小於臨界角，就不會發生全反射，所以能增加發光元件之實質的光量。如此，由於能提高發光元件之指向特性，增加實質的光量，所以依據本發明之發光元件來構成影像顯示裝置，就能獲得明亮且鮮明的畫像。亦即，依據本發明，就能改善影像顯示裝置之畫質。
1‧‧‧發光元件
2‧‧‧殼體
3r、3g、3b‧‧‧LED晶片
4r、4g、4b、5r、5g、5b‧‧‧引出電極
6‧‧‧凹部
6a‧‧‧底面
7‧‧‧搭接線
8‧‧‧密封構件
9‧‧‧交界面
10‧‧‧光軸
11‧‧‧交點
12‧‧‧影像顯示裝置
13‧‧‧顯示畫面
14‧‧‧基板
15‧‧‧發光元件行
16‧‧‧驅動器
17‧‧‧上位控制器
18‧‧‧視訊信號源
i0、i1‧‧‧入射角
r0、r1‧‧‧折射角
第1A圖係本發明之實施形態的發光元件之俯視圖。
第1B圖係第1A圖所示的發光元件之側視圖。
第1C圖係以第1A圖之A-A’線切斷第1A圖所示的 發光元件之剖視圖。
第2圖係說明第1A圖至第1C圖所示的發光元件之作用的側視圖。
第3圖係本發明之實施形態的影像顯示裝置之構成圖。
第4圖係顯示第3圖所示的影像顯示裝置之使用態樣的構成圖。
第5圖係顯示變化例的發光元件之構成的剖視圖。
第6圖係顯示另一變化例的發光元件之構成的側視圖。
第7圖係顯示更另一變化例的發光元件之構成的剖視圖。
以下，一邊參照圖式一邊詳細說明本發明的發光元件及影像顯示裝置之實施形態。另外，在各圖式中，係在同一或同等之部分附記同一符號。
第1A圖至第1C圖之各圖係本發明之實施形態的發光元件1之構成圖。第1A圖係發光元件1之俯視圖；第1B圖係發光元件1之側視圖。又，第1C圖係以第1A圖之A-A’線切斷發光元件1的剖視圖。
如第1A圖所示，發光元件1係在殼體2之內部收容發揮作為發光元件1之光源功能的三個LED晶片3r、3g、3b所構成。LED晶片3r、3g、3b係具備分別發光成紅色、綠色、藍色的發光二極體(light emitting diode)。 發光元件1係使LED晶片3r、3g、3b之發光強度(亮度)產生變化，而可以獲得各種的發光色。又，在殼體2之外部係露出三組的引出電極4r、5r、4g、5g、4b、5b之端部。另外，殼體2係保持LED晶片3r、3g、3b等，並構成發光元件1之外殼的樹脂成形品。殼體2之材料，例如是聚鄰苯二甲醯胺(polyphthalamide)樹脂等的熱塑性樹脂、矽氧樹脂、環氧樹脂等的熱固性樹脂，但是不限定於此等。
如第1C圖所示，殼體2係形成有凹部6。在凹部6係配置有引出電極4g、5g。引出電極4g、5g係朝向殼體2之外側延伸，並如前面所述般，其端部係露出於殼體2之外部。又，引出電極4r、5r、4b、5b亦同樣地配置。
配置於凹部6之內部的LED晶片3g係載置於引出電極4g之上方，並電性連接於引出電極4g。在LED晶片3g之上表面係電性連接有搭接線7之一端，而搭接線7之另一端係電性連接於引出電極5g。同樣地，LED晶片3r、3b，亦分別載置於引出電極4r、4b，且電性連接於引出電極4r、4b。然後，LED晶片3r、3b，亦分別透過搭接線7而電性連接於引出電極5r、5b。在凹部6係填充有透明的樹脂，形成密封構件8。密封構件8係封蓋凹部6，將LED晶片3r、3g、3b密封於凹部6之內部的構件，且為本發明的透明構件之例示。又，密封構件8亦為使LED晶片3r、3g、3b所發出之光線穿透的構件。密封構件8之材料，例如是環氧樹脂或矽氧樹脂，但是不限定於此等。
密封構件8係在殼體2之外側隆起，而與發光元件1之外側之空間相接的交界面9係形成凸透鏡狀的凸曲面。如第1B圖所示，交界面9係在其中心，換句話說即LED晶片3g之光軸10與交界面9之交點11，最遠離凹部6之底面6a，並以隨著遠離交點11而漸漸接近凹部6之底面6a的方式傾斜。又，交界面9之傾斜係隨著遠離交點11而變大。在側視圖(第1B圖)及剖視圖(第1C圖)所呈現的交界面9之傾斜，係在與凹部6之交界，換句話說即密封構件8之周緣部成為最大。如此，密封構件8之交界面9係在與光軸10之交點11至與凹部6之交界的全範圍，具備隨著偏離光軸10而漸漸接近凹部6之底面6a的斜面。
發光元件1係以如下的製程所製造。首先，在未圖示的成形模之內部配置引出電極4r、5r、4g、5g、4b、5b，並將樹脂注入該成形模，以成形殼體2，同時將引出電極4r、5r、4g、5g、4b、5b固定於殼體2。如前面所述般，殼體2之材料，例如是聚鄰苯二甲醯胺樹脂等的熱塑性樹脂、矽氧樹脂、環氧樹脂等的熱固性樹脂。又，為了提高光反射率，亦可在樹脂中混合二氧化鈦等的光反射粒子。
在殼體2成形之後，在殼體2之凹部6的內部，將LED晶片3r、3g、3b接合於引出電極4r、4g、4b。然後，透過搭接線7來電性連接LED晶片3r、3g、3b和引出電極5r、5g、5b。
最後，將液狀之透明的樹脂注入凹部6以形 成密封構件8。此時，將超過凹部6之容積的量之樹脂，以低速度注入凹部6。當以低速度注入樹脂時，從凹部6滿盈的樹脂之液面受到表面張力的作用而隆起成凸透鏡狀。以此狀態使該樹脂硬化時，就能形成凸透鏡狀的交界面9。另外，如前面所述般，密封構件8之材料，例如是環氧樹脂或矽氧樹脂。
其次，參照第2圖，說明發光元件1之作用。當假定密封構件8之交界面9並未傾斜時，換句話說，當假定密封構件8之交界面9為第2圖所示之水平面時，從LED晶片3g發出的光線會以入射角i0入射於密封構件8之周緣部，並以折射角r0射出。由於實際的密封構件8之交界面9係在周緣部具備如第2圖所示的傾斜面，所以從LED晶片3g發出的光線會以入射角i1入射於密封構件8之周緣部，並以折射角r1射出。由於入射角i1係比入射角i0還小，所以折射角r1係變得比折射角r0更小。因此，相較於通過水平面的光線，通過傾斜面的光線係對於光軸10之斜率更小。如此，由於通過傾斜面的光線係變得比通過水平面的光線更小地擴展，所以指向特性會變高。
又，只要以入射角i0變得比構成密封構件8的材料之臨界角還小的方式，來設定傾斜面之斜率，則在密封構件8之交界面9就不會發生全反射。換句話說，只要適當地設定傾斜面之斜率，就可以防止在交界面9的全反射，並加大發光元件1之實質的光量。
第3圖係本發明之實施形態的影像顯示裝 置12之構成圖。如第3圖所示，影像顯示裝置12之顯示畫面13係在基板14之上將多數個發光元件1縱向及橫向排列成矩陣狀所構成。亦即，將多數個發光元件1排列於水平方向，以形成發光元件行15，且將多數個發光元件行15排列於垂直方向。又，在基板14係形成有未圖示的配線圖案，而各發光元件1之引出電極4r、5r、4g、5g、4b、5b(在第3圖中並未圖示)係分別連接於該配線圖案。
又，影像顯示裝置12係具備驅動器16。驅動器16係透過前面所述的配線圖案而連接於各發光元件1，且將電源供給的電力分配至各發光元件1，並個別地調整發光元件1之亮度和發色的電路。
如第4圖所示，影像顯示裝置12係透過上位控制器17而連接於視訊信號源18來使用。視訊信號源18，例如是將事前保存的視訊信號輸出至上位控制器17的伺服器。上位控制器17係將從視訊信號源18輸入的視訊信號，配合影像顯示裝置12中的發光元件1之排列轉換而決定各個發光元件1之亮度和發色，並輸出至驅動器16的電腦。
如此，影像顯示裝置12係個別地調整多數個配置於基板14上的發光元件1之亮度和發色，並在顯示畫面13上顯示圖像。然後，使該圖像隨著時間之經過而變化，以顯示動畫(影像)。影像顯示裝置12之顯示畫面13係相當於小型的影像顯示裝置、例如液晶顯示器之螢幕，而一個發光元件1係相當於一個畫素。
另外，如前面所述，由於發光元件1係能改善指向特性，並且能防止全反射，增大實質的光量，所以在影像顯示裝置12中，能獲得鮮明且明亮的圖像。換句話說，藉由在影像顯示裝置12中具備發光元件1，而能改善影像顯示裝置12之畫質。
以上，如已說明般，依據本發明，能縮小從發光元件之光源所發出的光線入射於透明構件之交界面的入射角，結果，由於能縮小折射角，所以能改善發光元件之指向特性。又，藉由將入射角形成比臨界角還小，可以防止全反射而加大發光元件之實質的光量。如此，由於能改善發光元件之指向特性和實質的光量，所以只要以本發明之發光元件來構成影像顯示裝置，就能改善影像顯示裝置的畫質。
另外，上述實施形態係本發明之具體的實施態樣之例示，本發明之技術範圍並未依上述實施形態之記載而有所限定。本發明係在申請專利範圍所示之技術思想的範圍內，可以自由變化或是經改良而實施。又，可以任意追加未揭示於上述實施形態的構成要素。
例如，在上述實施形態中，雖然已顯示將液狀的樹脂注入填充於殼體2之凹部6，並將之後使其硬化後的密封構件8作為透明構件之例，但是透明構件不限定於以此種製程所製造的密封構件8。例如，如第5圖所示，亦可將以不同製程所製造出，換句話說即已固態化的密封構件8嵌入凹部6。
又，在上述實施形態中，係已例示將密封構件8之交界面9形成凸透鏡狀。換言之，已顯示以隨著偏離光軸10而漸漸接近凹部6之底面6a的斜面形成於密封構件8之交界面9的全範圍，而且朝向底面6a的傾斜是隨著偏離光軸10而變大的方式所形成之例。然而，交界面9之形狀並未被限定於如此。
交界面9之傾斜亦可無關於距光軸10的距離而是固定。例如，如第6圖所示，密封構件8之交界面9亦可構成圓錐面。
又，斜面係只要形成於交界面9之內的入射角變大之部位即可。斜面係只要形成於偏離光軸10的部位，換句話說即交界面9之周緣部即可。此是因在未偏離光軸10的部位，即便將交界面9形成平坦，由於入射角較小，所以仍不會發生較大之折射。例如，如第7圖所示，密封構件8之交界面9亦可構成圓錐台形。
發光元件1所具備的LED晶片3r、3g、3b之數目並未被限定於三個。可為一個或是二個，亦可為四個以上。又，發光元件1之發光色並未限定。發光色的組合為任意的。亦可具備在一個基板具有發色不同之複數個發光二極體的晶片作為光源。
在上述實施形態中，係將上位控制器17設為影像顯示裝置12之外部裝置，但是上位控制器17亦可組入影像顯示裝置12之內部。
本發明係只要未脫離本發明之廣義的精神 和範圍，均能夠進行各種的實施形態及變化。又，上述的實施形態係用以說明本發明，而非用以限定本發明之範圍。換句話說，本發明之範圍並非依實施形態所示，而是依申請專利範圍所示。而且，在申請專利範圍內以及與其同等發明意義之範圍內所施予的各種變化，可視為本發明之範圍內。
本申請案係以2015年3月12日提出申請的日本特願2015-048954號案作為基礎案。藉由參照而將日本特願2015-048954號案之說明書、申請專利範圍、圖式整體併入本說明書中。
1‧‧‧發光元件
2‧‧‧殼體
3r、3g、3b‧‧‧LED晶片
4r、4g、4b、5r、5g、5b‧‧‧引出電極
7‧‧‧搭接線

Claims (3)

  1. 一種發光元件，係具備：殼體，具備凹部；光源，配置於前述殼體之前述凹部；以及透明構件，用以將前述凹部封蓋，並且使前述光源之發光穿透，前述透明構件與前述殼體之外部的空間相接的交界面，係至少在前述透明構件之周緣部，具備隨著遠離前述光源之光軸而漸漸接近前述凹部之底面的傾斜，且形成圓錐狀。
  2. 一種發光元件，係具備：殼體，具備凹部；光源，配置於前述殼體之前述凹部；以及透明構件，用以將前述凹部封蓋，並且使前述光源之發光穿透，前述透明構件與前述殼體之外部的空間相接的交界面，係至少在前述透明構件之周緣部，具備隨著遠離前述光源之光軸而漸漸接近前述凹部之底面的傾斜，且形成圓錐台狀。
  3. 一種影像顯示裝置，係具備：縱向及橫向排列成矩陣狀之申請專利範圍第1或2項所述的複數個發光元件。
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