TWI558914B - Floating type offshore wind power plant and transformer for its use - Google Patents

Floating type offshore wind power plant and transformer for its use Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI558914B
TWI558914B TW103122696A TW103122696A TWI558914B TW I558914 B TWI558914 B TW I558914B TW 103122696 A TW103122696 A TW 103122696A TW 103122696 A TW103122696 A TW 103122696A TW I558914 B TWI558914 B TW I558914B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transformer
wind power
offshore wind
floating type
type offshore
Prior art date
Application number
TW103122696A
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English (en)
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TW201516248A (zh
Inventor
Yasushi MASHIMA
Toshiki Shirahata
Kazuo Nishiyama
Keisuke Kubota
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Hitachi Industry Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Publication of TW201516248A publication Critical patent/TW201516248A/zh
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Publication of TWI558914B publication Critical patent/TWI558914B/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F03D80/82—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/442—Spar-type semi-submersible structures, i.e. shaped as single slender, e.g. substantially cylindrical or trussed vertical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Description

浮體式海上風力發電裝置及用於其之變壓器
本發明係關於一種抑制用於浮體式海上風力發電裝置之變壓器之搖晃。
浮體式海上風力發電裝置與著底型風力發電裝置不同，因風浪而引起之搖晃、振動、傾斜之維護方法成為問題。又，因設置於海上，故而風浪較強，始終於前後左右暴露於風浪中，故而因傾斜而引起之搖晃成為浮體式海上風力發電裝置之顧慮因素。
作為先前之抑制因風浪而引起之搖晃之浮體式海上風力發電裝置，可列舉日本專利特開2003-252288號公報(專利文獻1)或日本專利特開2011-89468號公報(專利文獻2)所揭示之技術。
於專利文獻1中，作為海上風力發電之浮體式基礎構造物，包含於軸方向上較長之圓筒狀之主浮體、及以包圍該主浮體之周圍之方式與主浮體一體地設置之複數個從浮體而抑制搖晃。又，於專利文獻2中，記載有藉由將二次電池配置於較吃水線更靠下方，而利用其重量使風力發電裝置之姿勢穩定。
先前技術文獻 專利文獻
專利文獻1：日本專利特開2003-252288號公報
專利文獻2：日本專利特開2011-89468號公報
當輸送利用浮體式海上風力發電裝置發電之電力時，為了安全性或抑制輸電時之損耗，有使發電之電壓升壓而輸電之需求，因此，需要將變壓器設置於浮體式海上風力發電裝置內。
當浮體式海上風力發電裝置因風浪而搖晃時，設置於該風力發電裝置內之變壓器亦會受到搖晃之影響。例如，有可能因變壓器之螺絲鬆動或線圈之位置偏移，又若為油浸變壓器則有可能因產生氣泡而局部放電導致絕緣破壞之可能性等而造成變壓器故障。
根據專利文獻1之技術，需要包含以包圍主浮體之周圍之方式與主浮體一體地設置之複數個從浮體，故而存在構造複雜且製造成本增加之問題。又，於專利文獻2中，亦需要設置二次電池，同樣地存在製造成本增加之問題。
又，專利文獻1、2之技術均可於某程度上抑制搖晃，但無法消除搖晃之影響。又，均未針對搭載有變壓器之浮體式海上風力發電裝置進行記載，且完全未考慮抑制變壓器之搖晃。
藉由在浮體式海上風力發電裝置之傾斜中心即定傾中心配置變壓器，而將變壓器之搖晃抑制在最小限度。
可抑制因風浪而引起之搖晃，可將變壓器之搖晃對策最佳化，並且可降低成本。
1‧‧‧浮體式海上風力發電裝置
2‧‧‧葉片
3‧‧‧機艙
4‧‧‧發電機
5‧‧‧塔架
6‧‧‧海面
7‧‧‧變壓器
8‧‧‧輸電電纜
B‧‧‧浮心
B'‧‧‧傾斜時之浮心
G‧‧‧重心
M‧‧‧定傾中心
θ‧‧‧傾斜角度
圖1係浮體式海上風力發電裝置之構成概略圖。
圖2係說明浮體式海上風力發電裝置之平衡之圖。
圖3係表示浮體式海上風力發電裝置之傾斜時之平衡之圖。
圖4係本實施例之說明圖。
以下，使用圖式對實施例進行說明。圖1係浮體式海上風力發電裝置之構成概略圖。於圖1中，1為浮體式海上風力發電裝置整體，2為葉片，3為機艙，4為發電機，5為塔架，6為海面，7為變壓器，8為輸電電纜。
浮體式海上風力發電裝置1係浮設於海上，以直立狀態漂浮於海上，利用未圖示之繫泊鏈(mooring chain)等連接於錨而使用。若葉片2藉由風力而旋轉，則藉由配置於機艙3內之發電機4產生交流電力，利用配置於塔架5內之變壓器7使該電力升壓，並利用輸電電纜8進行輸電。
利用變壓器升壓之原因在於，藉由使電壓升高而將電流抑制於較低、以較低電流安全地輸電、以及藉由較低之電流值而抑制輸電時之損耗。
圖2係表示說明浮體式海上風力發電裝置之平衡之圖。於圖2中，B表示浮心，G表示重心。自浮心朝上方作用浮力，自重心朝下方作用重力，圖2表示均衡之狀態。
再者，圖示之浮體式海上風力發電裝置表示圓柱型浮體構造。所謂圓柱型係指藉由使重心始終位於浮心之下方而確保靜態穩定性之構造。
圖3係表示浮體式海上風力發電裝置之傾斜時之平衡。於圖3中，藉由使浮體式海上風力發電裝置傾斜θ°，而使浮心自B移動至B'。該B'之鉛垂方向與B-G之延長線上之相交之部分被稱為定傾中心(M)(metacenter)。所謂該定傾中心係浮體式海上風力發電裝置傾斜之中心，始終以定傾中心為中心而開始傾斜。
圖4係本實施例之說明圖。於圖4中，浮體式海上風力發電裝置係以定傾中心為中心而傾斜，故而於定傾中心配置變壓器7。藉此， 可解決重量相對較重之變壓器受因搖晃而引起之力矩之影響較大而導致故障之問題。即，可解決因搖晃而引起之變壓器之螺絲鬆動或線圈之位置偏移，又若為油浸變壓器則產生氣泡而由局部放電所致之絕緣破壞之可能性等成為變壓器故障之原因之可能性。
再者，浮體式海上風力發電裝置之因風浪而引起之搖晃傾斜角度最大為15°左右。又，作為浮體式海上風力發電裝置之規模，例如葉片之旋轉直徑為80~125m，總長超過100m而達到170m左右之規模，且為總長之一半以上沈於海中之狀態。
又，定傾中心為1點，故而即便將變壓器配置於定傾中心，但因變壓器有某程度之大小，故嚴格而言不可能將變壓器整體配置於定傾中心。因此，實際上，雖將變壓器配置於定傾中心之附近，但可根據變壓器之力矩容許誤差、抗震設計強度等限定其配置。
配置於定傾中心上下L米以內之情形時之最大力矩Y0之通式估算為：Y0=L＊Z＊Tan(θ)
此處，θ為搖晃傾斜角度，Z為重量。
如此，最大力矩Y0與定傾中心相隔之距離L成正比。
例如，若根據上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之規模與變壓器之大小即幾米規模，而將定傾中心附近設為定傾中心上下10m以內，則若將搖晃傾斜角度設為最大15°，則變壓器承受之最大力矩成為10＊Tan15°＊重量=2.68＊重量。
即，於著眼於例如變壓器之線圈支持強度之情形時，當將線圈之支持強度設為Y，將線圈之重量設為Z時，只要以成為Y>2.68＊Z之關係之線圈之支持強度Y設計變壓器即可，故而可使變壓器之搖晃對策最佳化，並且可降低成本。又，對變壓器之損壞亦為最小限度。因此，亦可期待因變壓器之維護而產生之運輸費等成本降低。
6‧‧‧海面
7‧‧‧變壓器
M‧‧‧定傾中心

Claims (6)

  1. 一種浮體式海上風力發電裝置，其特徵在於包括：葉片，其接受風力而旋轉；及發電機，其將該葉片之旋轉轉換為電力；且包括：變壓器，其將自上述發電機獲得之電力之電壓升壓；及輸電電纜，其輸送該已升壓之電力；且於上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之傾斜中心即定傾中心附近配置上述變壓器。
  2. 如請求項1之浮體式海上風力發電裝置，其中上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置係圓柱型，上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之重心始終位於上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之浮心之下方。
  3. 如請求項1或2中任一項之浮體式海上風力發電裝置，其中於上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之定傾中心之上下10米以內配置上述變壓器。
  4. 如請求項1或2之浮體式海上風力發電裝置，其中上述變壓器係油浸變壓器。
  5. 如請求項3之浮體式海上風力發電裝置，其中上述變壓器係油浸變壓器。
  6. 一種變壓器之搖晃抑制方法，該變壓器設置於浮體式海上風力發電裝置，該搖晃抑制方法之特徵在於：將上述變壓器配置於上述浮體式海上風力發電裝置之傾斜中心即定傾中心附近。
TW103122696A 2013-07-09 2014-07-01 Floating type offshore wind power plant and transformer for its use TWI558914B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2013/068793 WO2015004737A1 (ja) 2013-07-09 2013-07-09 浮体式洋上風力発電装置およびそれに用いる変圧器

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TWI558914B true TWI558914B (zh) 2016-11-21

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JP (1) JP6118899B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN105264224B (zh)
TW (1) TWI558914B (zh)
WO (1) WO2015004737A1 (zh)

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US20220128033A1 (en) * 2019-02-15 2022-04-28 Northeastern University Shallow draft, wide-base floating wind turbine without nacelle

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TW200829791A (en) * 2006-10-10 2008-07-16 Iti Scotland Ltd Wave and wind power generation
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CN105264224A (zh) 2016-01-20
JP6118899B2 (ja) 2017-04-19
TW201516248A (zh) 2015-05-01
WO2015004737A1 (ja) 2015-01-15
JPWO2015004737A1 (ja) 2017-02-23
CN105264224B (zh) 2018-02-13

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