TWI558883B - Base material - Google Patents

Description

Base material

The present invention relates to a base material which is difficult to be blocked by suspended solids (SS substance: Suspended Solids, which means an insoluble substance of 2 mm or less suspended in water) when rainwater is immersed in the ground.

In the case where the tree tape is adjacent to the road or the road, it is always used as a base material for the underlying substrate or the vegetative base using gravel such as gravel (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

On the other hand, it is also known that the above-described base material is used under the water permeable pavement, and a storage and infiltration facility for rainwater is provided (Patent Document 3).

Prior Technical Literature <Patent Literature>

<Patent Document 1> New Registration No. 3065278

<Patent Document 2> JP-A-2005-133458

<Patent Document 3> JP-A-2009-108483

Conventional substrate materials have problems as described below.

<1> Since the surface of the crushed stone of the base material is smooth, a trace amount of the SS substance flows down along the surface of the gravel together with the rainwater, and accumulates at the bottom of the aggregate of the base material as time passes. The accumulation of SS material soon forms an impermeable layer and causes blockages relatively quickly. When the base material is clogged, it cannot function as a storage and infiltration facility for rainwater.

<2> When the base material is clogged, there is a need to carry out maintenance measures such as digging up and cleaning the old base material, or replacing it with a new base material, and there is an increase in maintenance costs. .

<3> In the case of using single-grained No. 4 gravel as the base material for rainwater storage and infiltration facilities, the inter-gravel void ratio per unit volume (inter-gravel storage rate) is 35% on average, and it has been desired to propose a kind. A technique for further increasing the void ratio between gravel.

<4> In the case of setting a tree planting belt adjacent to a trail or a road, it is difficult for the root of the tree to grow between the gravel of the base material, and in terms of the growth environment, it has an improved space.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a base material having at least one of the following.

<1> The anti-blocking effect is remarkable, and good rain storage and permeability can be maintained for a long period of time.

<2> The storage rate between gravel is higher than that of single-grained gravel, and can be widely used as a multi-purpose filler or backfill.

<3> Recyclable industrial waste materials.

<4> It is possible to suppress pH rise.

The present invention relates to a base material for underground use, which is characterized in that it consists of a hard angular granule and an adsorption auxiliary material attached to the surface of the horn granule via a mixed auxiliary material, and is attached to the horn granule The surface is coated with a mixture of the mixed rib and the adsorption auxiliary material to form a coating layer having a function of capturing the SS substance.

The adsorption auxiliary material is composed of a humic plant rich in acidic functional groups, or a hydrated alkaloid (aluminum oxide) or an aluminosilicate (alumina) rich in natural matter.

The mixed auxiliary material is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, a superabsorbent resin, a polymer absorbent, and a vinyl acetate resin, a starch paste, or a polyvinyl alcohol.

The angular granules are a square-shaped granule having excellent pressure resistance, and are used in combination with one or a plurality of recycled gravel, brick, lightweight concrete, tile, or volcanic grit.

Preferably, the aforementioned angular granules are of a single-grained gravel body.

The base material can be used as a filler or backfill for preventing clogging, and as an inter-gravel storage tank or plant substrate.

The present invention achieves the following unique effects.

<1> Since the surface of the angular granule is coated with the coating layer having the function of capturing the SS substance, the suspended SS substance can be easily captured, and the effect of preventing the SS substance from flowing down can be obtained. Therefore, the aggregate of the base material is The anti-blocking effect is remarkable, and it can maintain good rain storage and permeability performance for a long period of time.

<2> Since the base material itself has high catching performance for the SS substance, it can promote the purification action of the rainwater which has penetrated into the aggregate of the base material. Therefore, it is more capable of reducing to the underground or the like with good quality water than the conventional single-grained crushed stone.

<3> Since the storage rate between gravels is higher than that of single-grained gravel, the base material can be used for various purposes as a filler or backfill for preventing clogging.

<4> Since industrial waste materials such as recycled gravel, bricks, lightweight concrete, tiles, and volcanic gravel can be reused in angular granules, not only can industrial waste be recycled, but also Reduce waste disposal and extend the life of the landfill.

<5> Since the granules at the core of the base material use hard angular granules, the storage ratio between gravels can be improved more than the conventional single-grained gravel.

<6> Since the adsorption auxiliary material has a buffering action for suppressing an increase in pH, even if the material of the angular granules is cement, the pH of the water that has passed through the base material can be suppressed to a statutory reference value or lower.

<7> In the case where the base material is used as a planting base material for plants, the root system of the plant can easily protrude into the gap of the base material.

10‧‧‧Base material

11‧‧‧Angular granules

12‧‧‧Mixed supplementary materials

13‧‧‧Adsorption aid

14‧‧‧covered layer

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a base material according to the present invention.

2 is an enlarged view of a coating layer.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1. Composition of the base material <1>Overview of base material

As shown enlarged in FIG. 1, the base material 10 is composed of a nucleated hard angular granule 11 and an adsorption auxiliary material 13 attached to the surface of the angular granule 11 via the mixed auxiliary material 12, and an angle. The surface of the granule 11 is covered with a coating layer 14 formed of a mixture of the hybrid auxiliary material 12 and the adsorption auxiliary material 13.

<2> angular granules

The horn granule 11 is a square-shaped granule body excellent in pressure resistance, for example, recycled gravel (concrete pieces, inter-brick bricks, etc.) capable of industrial waste, bricks (shallow bricks, refractory bricks, One type or a plurality of types of blast furnaces, red bricks, etc., ALC (lightweight bubble concrete), and watts are used in combination.

In addition to the above-described material examples, other known natural crushed stone or volcanic gravel or the like may be used.

These aggregate materials can be crushed and sieved into a predetermined single particle range to be used as the angular granules 11.

The size of the angular granule 11 can be used 10mm~20mm, 20mm~30mm, 30mn~40mm, or 40mm~60mm. It is also possible to use crushed stone of about 100 mm or the like.

The particle size of the angular granules 11 can be appropriately selected in consideration of materials, uses, and the like.

In the case where the angular granules 11 are recycled gravel, bricks, or ALC, it is preferably about 20 mm to 40 mm.

By adjusting the angular granules 11 to a single particle size, the inter-gravel storage rate can be increased.

By using industrial waste from the angular granules 11, it is possible to promote not only the recycling of industrial waste, but also the amount of waste disposal and the life of the buried disposal site.

<3> Adsorption aid

The adsorption auxiliary material 13 for capturing the SS substance is a substance derived from nature having an acidic functional group, and is composed of, for example, allophane, humus, or the like.

Is a kind of clay mineral, which is a kind of porous ‧ non-crystalline vermiculite ‧ alumina mineral produced by weathering of volcanic ash over a long period of time; the composition of the composition is Al ₂ O ₃ . SiO ₂ . nH ₂ O; has a large specific surface area, and has physical adsorption and moisture absorption properties.

The humus soil is formed by the microbial action of the remains of the animals and plants in the soil.

The rot plants formed by the decomposition process have a unique black or dark brown color, forming a colloidal organic polymer compound, and having an effect of physical adsorption.

<4> Mixed auxiliary materials

It is difficult to attach the adsorption auxiliary material 13 alone and not separately to the angular granules 11.

Therefore, the adsorption auxiliary material 13 is adhered to the surface of the horn particle body 11 in a layered manner by using the wet mixed auxiliary material 12.

Therefore, by using the wettability of the adsorption auxiliary material 13 to cover the periphery or a part of the mixed auxiliary material 12, not only the mixed auxiliary material 12 can be attached to the angular granular body 11, but also the mixed auxiliary materials 12 can be adhered to each other.

<4.1>Example of mixed auxiliary materials

The auxiliary auxiliary material 12 may be suitably used as a wettable superabsorbent resin or a polymer absorbent (for example, polyacrylic acid (salt), starch, graft polymerization, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose). Or, vinyl acetate resin, starch paste, polyvinyl alcohol.

The mixed auxiliary material 12 may also be suitable for use of water alone.

The mixed auxiliary material 12 can be appropriately selected from the above depending on the type of the auxiliary auxiliary material 13 .

2. Method for manufacturing base material

A method of manufacturing the base material 10 will be described.

<1> Preparation of angular granules

The angular granules 11 having a particle diameter of 20 mm to 40 mm were prepared, and it was confirmed that no foreign matter was mixed.

The angular granules 11 are preferably used in combination with a plurality of materials as described above, and are mixed with the angular granules 11 formed of a plurality of materials. (mixed).

At this time, the surface of the horn particles 11 is first wetted by sprinkling water on the horn particles 11.

<2> Coating of adsorption auxiliary material

A predetermined amount of the mixed auxiliary material 12 and the adsorption auxiliary material 13 are added to the angular particle body 11 of a predetermined amount, and a certain amount of water is added as needed to perform kneading.

The kneading method is not limited, but for example, kneading can be performed using a construction machine such as a known kneading device or an excavator.

By the kneading angle granules 11, the mixed auxiliary material 12, and the adsorption auxiliary material 13, the adsorption auxiliary material 13 is adhered to the surface of the angular granules 11 by the bonding property of the mixed auxiliary material 12, and the adsorption auxiliary material 13 is further advanced. They are attached to each other.

Finally, the entire surface of the angular granules 11 is obtained as the final base material 10 covered by the coating layer 14 formed by mixing the auxiliary material 12 and the adsorption auxiliary material 13. The layer thickness of the coating layer 14 can be formed into an appropriate layer thickness by adjusting the amount of the adsorption auxiliary material 13 to be added.

The coating layer 14 on the surface of the base material 10 has an appropriate viscosity due to the inclusion of a slight amount of moisture.

3. Characteristics of the base material

Hereinafter, the characteristics of the base material 10 described will be described.

<1> Prevent blocking

For example, in the case where only the angular granules 11 constitute the base material, since the surface of the angular granules 11 is smooth, the SS substance is not Capture and shed.

On the other hand, the base material 10 is a covering structure in which the entire surface of the angular granular body 11 is covered by the coating layer 14 containing the adsorption auxiliary material 13 .

In particular, in the present invention, attention is paid to the properties of the allophane, humus, and the like which constitute the adsorption auxiliary material 13, which are very similar to the physical properties and composition of the knot clay and the red clay which constitute the SS substance. The surface of the base material 10 is covered with the coating layer 14 of the adsorption auxiliary material 13 of the SS substance.

Therefore, when the rainwater containing the SS substance flows down through the coating layer 14 on the surface of the base material 10, only the suspended SS substance which is in contact with the adsorption auxiliary material 13 is easily adhered and caught.

Since the captured SS substance is almost homogeneous and wet with the adsorption auxiliary material 13, a new SS substance can be captured on the captured SS substance.

Since the penetration rate of the rainwater is extremely low, the captured SS substance does not flow out through the base material 10, and thus can be maintained in the captured state for a long period of time.

In this way, since the SS substance adheres to the surface of the base material 10, it is possible to effectively suppress sedimentation and deposition of the SS substance which is a factor of the water-impermeable layer in the bottommost portion of the aggregate of the base material 10.

Therefore, since it is difficult to block the base material of the conventional single aggregate, it is possible to continuously maintain the good clogging prevention effect of the base material 10 for a long period of time.

In addition, since the SS material is trapped between the infiltrated base materials 10 and the rainwater is continuously purified, it is possible to go underground or the like with good quality water. Restore.

<2> Buffering effect of adsorption aid

The base material 10 not only has the function of capturing the SS substance, but also has a buffering effect.

In other words, the adsorption auxiliary material 13 constituting the coating layer 14 can exhibit a pH buffering action.

<2.1> Mechanism of buffering

For example, in the case where the adsorption auxiliary material 13 is humus soil, it can be said that the humic acid constituting the humic soil and the carboxyl group of the acidic functional group contained in the fulvic acid and the phenolic hydroxyl group are degassed ( H ^{+ is} called proton).

H ⁺ which is dissociated from the acidic functional group contained in humic acid or fulvic acid reacts with the alkali component (OH ^- ) to form H ₂ O, so that the pH is lowered.

Although the angular granules 11 are composed of concrete fragments, since the Ca(OH) ₂ from its main component releases the alkali component (OH ^- ), the pH will be close to 10.0. By using this buffer mechanism, it was confirmed that the pH was about 8.5 to 7.5. This is a value that can meet the water pollution prevention method (pH 8.5 or less).

<3> Improve inter-gravel void ratio by base material

The inter-gravel void ratio (inter-gravel storage rate) of the conventional single-grain No. 4 crushed stone is an average of 35%.

In the present invention, the shape of the angular granule 11 forming the skeleton of the base material 10 is a square angle, and the inter-gravel void ratio (the gravel storage) can be used with a single particle size. The storage rate is increased to 42%, and the storage rate between gravel can be improved by 1.2 times compared with the average.

By increasing the inter-gravel void ratio (inter-gravel storage rate) by the base material 10, there is a significant difference in effect compared to the case where the base material 10 is used for storage and infiltration facilities.

<4>Improve the root penetration of plants

In the case of conventional single-grained gravel, the roots of trees, etc., which are lost in nutrients, are difficult to reach.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the base material 10 not only captures the SS substance, but also maintains the humidity necessary for root growth and has the retention of nutrients, so that the roots of trees and the like can be easily elongated to enter the base material 10 Between the gaps.

4. Use case of base material

The base material 10 described above can be used as a filler or backfill for preventing clogging in the applications exemplified below.

In this case, the base material 10 may be used alone or in combination with other additive materials (fertilizer, gravel, etc.); further, the contact relationship of the base material 10 is a manner of being pressed into a mutual engagement. The specific use form is appropriately selected depending on the use.

<1> Rainwater storage and infiltration facilities

The base material 10 can be used for rainwater storage or permeation tanks (upper, side, and bottom surfaces) made of concrete or resin. By using the base material 10 in a rainwater storage and infiltration facility, it is possible to suppress the rainwater storage and the clogging around the permeation tank for a long period of time, and to form a base material 10 which is layered around the rainwater storage and the permeation tank, and the object constitutes Rain water storage, infiltration tank.

<2>Surface and channel of rainwater infiltration type

The base material 10 can be used around the side of the rainwater infiltration type. By using the base material 10 around the side channel of the rainwater infiltration type, it is possible to suppress the blockage of the side channels and the channels of the rainwater infiltration type for a long period of time.

<3>Road, surface, parking lot

The base material 10 can be used as a support base for load heavy use of roads, ground surfaces, parking lots, etc., and can also be used as a rainwater storage and permeation tank.

<4>Infiltration bucket

The base material 10 can be used as a filler around the rainwater infiltration bucket, and the base material 10 can also be used as a filler around the road infiltration bucket.

<5> The gravel storage and permeation tank of the lower layer of the turf planting substrate

The base material 10 can be used as a storage and permeation tank between gravels on the lower portion of the turf planting substrate on the surface. It can ensure a good growth environment of the turf and inexpensively set up an inter-gravel storage and infiltration facility.

10‧‧‧Base material

11‧‧‧Angular granules

14‧‧‧covered layer

Claims (5)

A base material characterized in that it is a base material buried in the ground and is a natural-derived substance having an acidic functional group adsorbed on the surface of the horn particle by a hard-angle granule and a mixed auxiliary material. The adsorption auxiliary material is at least one of water, a super absorbent resin, a polymer absorbent, a vinyl acetate resin, a starch paste, or a polyvinyl alcohol, and the adsorption auxiliary material is aluminosilicate. Or a humus soil; on the surface of the horn granules, the mixture of the mixed auxiliary material and the adsorption auxiliary material is coated to form a coating layer having a function of capturing suspended solids (SS substances) and suppressing pH increase. The base material according to claim 1, wherein the angular granule is a square-shaped granule having excellent pressure resistance, and is used in recycled gravel, brick, lightweight concrete, tile, volcanic gravel. One or a plurality of combinations are used together. The substrate of claim 2, wherein the angular granule is a single-grained gravel body. The base material according to item 3 of the patent application is used as one of a filler or a backfill for preventing clogging. The base material according to item 4 of the patent application is used as one of a gravel storage tank or a planting base.