TWI558457B - 在水性介質中製備之陽離子交換物質 - Google Patents
在水性介質中製備之陽離子交換物質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本文一般係關於陽離子交換物質。
標準陽離子交換物質之製備係在存在自由基引發劑下採用非可聚合高沸點溶劑來聚合含磺酸基團的乙烯基單體與二乙烯交聯劑。在某些實例中,將單體與交聯劑溶解於溶劑中需高溫混合很長一段時間,且在高溫混合製備期間需使用抑制劑來抑制單體過早聚合。同樣,陽離子交換物質之後處理涉及處理有害廢物流中多達30-35重量%溶劑,從而增加廢物處理成本。
屬MacDonald之U.S.專利第4,617,321號揭示陽離子交換物質之製備,其中含磺酸基團的乙烯基單體係與丙烯醯胺及N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺聚合,使用水作為非聚合溶劑。MacDonald教示單體在80℃下聚合2小時。
此項技術中已知用於生產陽離子交換膜之方法涉及在非水性介質中製備陽離子交換膜(及/或前體),及使膜磺化,以得到磺酸基團。涉及使用此等原材料之成本以及將該方法擴展到工業級別之成本增加與膜生產方法相關之成本。
需提供成本更低的溶劑系統及/或更環保的溶劑系統來製備陽離子交換物質。
需簡化製備陽離子交換物質之方法,例如,藉由使用可在比先前已知方法中所需溫度(諸如,使用NMP溶解AMPS
時所需之溫度)更接近環境溫度之溫度下溶解單體(諸如,AMPS)之溶劑。
需使用致使製備後廢物流中有機溶劑之量有所減少之溶劑系統,從而減少廢物處理及處置成本。
本文之一目的係避免或減輕先前陽離子交換物質及其製備方法之至少一弊端。
在第一態樣中,本文提供一種製備聚合物之方法,其包括:將基於乙烯之具有磺酸或磺酸鹽官能團之單體、基於乙烯之雙官能交聯劑及聚合引發劑混合於包含水及水溶性醇之水性溶液,以形成反應溶液,其中單體及交聯劑可溶於該反應溶液中;及使單體及交聯劑聚合以形成聚合物。
在一些方法中,單體與交聯劑可以介於0.50:1至2.0:1之莫耳比(單體:交聯劑)混合;可以介於0.0025:1至0.02:1之莫耳比添加聚合引發劑(聚合引發劑之莫耳量:單體及交聯劑之總莫耳量);而水性溶液可包括水及水溶性醇,重量比介於1.0:1至3.0:1(水:水溶性醇)。
在特定方法中,單體與交聯劑可總計於反應溶液之50與80 wt%之間;其中剩餘wt%包含水性溶液,其水:醇之重量比為1.0:1至3.0:1。
基於乙烯的單體可為基於丙烯酸的單體、基於苯乙烯的單體或基於烯丙基的單體。
單體可為2-丙烯醯胺丙基甲磺酸(AMPS),交聯劑可為二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GDMA),而水溶性醇可為1-丙醇。
該方法可進一步包括在真空下混合反應溶液。
該方法可進一步包括將聚合物置於背襯布上,以形成聚合物片;乾燥聚合物片;及將磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鹽官能團,以形成一張陽離子交換膜。聚合物片可在介於60℃與90℃之溫度下乾燥30至120分鐘。可使用碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液將磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鹽官能團。背襯布可選自由丙烯酸、丙烯基及聚酯布組成之群。
在另一態樣中,本文提供一種聚合物,其包括含磺酸官能團之聚合物主鏈;及含醇官能團之交聯物。
聚合物主鏈可包括根據式I之單體結構單元:
交聯物可包括根據式II之交聯劑:
所預期的特殊聚合物可係根據式III:
藉由一同回顧下面特定實例之說明及附圖,熟習此項技術者將明白本文之其他態樣及特徵。
一般言之,本文提供在水性介質中製備陽離子交換物質之方法。更特定言之,本文係關於在水性介質中製備之與二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯交聯之聚(2-丙烯醯胺丙基甲磺酸)。
一種藉由圖2流程圖說明合成聚合物之方法,其涉及以0.5:1至2.0:1之莫耳比(單體:交聯劑)混合50-80 wt%之基於乙烯的單體與基於乙烯的交聯劑之混合物;剩餘wt%包括具有水:醇為1.0:1至3.0:1之重量比之水性溶液,其中可以0.0025:1至0.02:1之莫耳比(聚合引發劑之莫耳量:單體與交聯劑之總莫耳量)添加聚合引發劑。
在各種實例中,基於乙烯的單體與基於乙烯的交聯劑可佔反應溶液之50-55、55-60、60-65、65-70、70-75或75-80 wt%。在其他實例中,基於乙烯的單體與基於乙烯的交聯劑可佔反應溶液之50-60、60-70或70-80 wt%。
在各種實例中,水性溶液之水:醇重量比可為0.5:1至1.0:1、1.0:1至1.5:1、1.5:1至2.0:1、2.0:1至2.5:1或2.5:1至3.0:1。在其他實例中,水性溶液之水:醇重量比可為0.5:1至1.5:1、1.5:1至3.0:1。
在特定實例中,基於乙烯的單體與基於乙烯的交聯劑可佔反應溶液之60-70 wt%,且可溶解於水與水溶性醇之水性溶液,該溶液組成反應溶液之剩餘部分,水性溶液具有1.5:1至3.0:1之水:醇重量比,及0.7至0.85 wt%之聚合引發劑。
基於乙烯的單體及基於乙烯的交聯劑可溶解於水與水溶性醇之水性溶液。基於乙烯的單體可為基於丙烯酸的單體、基於苯乙烯的單體或基於烯丙基的單體。單體可為(例如)2-丙烯醯胺丙基甲磺酸(AMPS)、苯乙烯磺酸鈉、甲烯丙基磺酸鈉、乙烯基磺酸鈉、烯丙基磺酸鈉、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、2-甲基丙烯酸磺乙酯鈉或2-甲基丙烯酸磺丁酯鈉。單體較佳為AMPS。
基於乙烯的交聯劑可為基於丙烯酸的交聯劑、基於苯乙烯的交聯劑或基於烯丙基的交聯劑。基於乙烯的交聯劑可為(例如)二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GDMA)、N-(丙烯醯胺基甲基)甲基丙烯醯胺、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、聚(乙二醇)二甲基丙烯酸酯及亞甲基雙丙烯醯胺。較佳基於乙烯的交聯劑為GDMA。
水溶性醇為能溶解單體與交聯劑之水溶性溶劑。較佳地,水溶性醇為高沸點、低成本、低毒性溶劑。在特定實
施例中,水溶性醇為丙醇或丁醇。在特定實施例中,水溶性醇為1-丙醇。
單體與交聯劑之聚合作用可利用可溶解於水性溶劑之聚合引發劑進行熱引發或光化學引發,例如使用2.2'-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙脒)二鹽酸鹽(商業上稱為V-50);2,2'-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二鹽酸鹽(VA-044);2,2'-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二水合二硫酸鹽(VA-046B);2,2'-偶氮雙[N-(2-羰乙基)-2-甲基丙脒]水合物(VA-057);2,2'-偶氮雙{2-[1-(2-羥乙基)-2-咪唑啉-2-基]丙烷}二鹽酸鹽(VA-060);2,2'-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷](VA-061);2,2'-偶氮雙(1-亞胺基-1-吡咯啶并-2-乙基丙烷)二鹽酸鹽(VA-067);2,2'-偶氮雙{2-甲基-N-[1,1-雙(羥甲基)-2-羥乙基]丙醯胺}(VA-080)或2,2'-偶氮雙[2-甲基-N-(2-羥乙基)丙醯胺](VA-086)。在特定實例中,聚合引發劑可為(例如)2.2'-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙脒)二鹽酸鹽。
可能需使用引發溫度低於50℃之聚合引發劑,以利於膜在溫和條件下固化。使用在較低溫度(例如,50℃)下引發聚合/固化之引發劑可有助於避免涉及在較高溫度下固化之能源成本。
聚合反應之鏈終止作用藉由不同機制發生,諸如,藉由使活性聚合位點再次結合,或藉由使活性聚合位點與抑制劑相互作用。若需較長鏈,聚合引發劑濃度與聚合抑制劑濃度應比需較短鏈之濃度更低。取決於所需聚合物長度,聚合可能需在無或實質上無聚合抑制劑(諸如,氧氣、硝
基苯、丁基羥基甲苯或聯苯基苦基肼(DPPH))之反應條件下進行。
所生產聚合材料可用於生產(例如)陽離子交換樹脂或陽離子交換膜。生產陽離子交換膜之示範方法藉由圖3之流程圖說明。在此等方法中,單體、交聯劑與聚合引發劑之混合物係用以潤濕膜背襯布,諸如,丙烯酸、聚酯或聚丙烯。將混合物夾於玻璃板間,以移除過量試劑,接著藉由乾燥使其固化(例如,在溫度60-90℃烘箱中乾燥30-120分鐘)。應瞭解,在較低溫度(例如,60℃)下固化將比在較高溫度(例如,90℃)下固化花費更長固化時間。
取決於所用單體,固化膜可轉換為陰離子官能團,例如,使膜在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液中處理一段時間(例如,10-20 h,取決於膜尺寸),以將磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。可(例如)使用去離子水沖洗膜1天,以得到陽離子交換膜。
在一特定實例中,交聯聚合物係在存在水/丙醇溶液下,並利用2.2'-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙脒)二鹽酸鹽(V-50)引發,由2-丙烯醯胺丙基甲磺酸(AMPS)與二甲基丙烯酸酯甘油酯(GDMA)之聚合作用產生,如圖1中所說明及如實例1、3、5、7、9及12中所例示。實例1、3、5、7、9及12中所用試劑及溶劑之量概述於下表1中,且該等試劑及溶劑之相應wt%以及AMPS對GDMA與水對丙醇之莫耳比及重量比概述於表2中。
以下實例教示涵蓋於本申請案之不同聚合物之合成(實例1、3、5、7、9及12),並教示利用不同聚合物生產陽離子交換膜之不同方法,並報告該等膜之所得特性(實例2、4、6、8、10、11及13)。
將AMPS(34.8 g)溶解於水(24 g)中,並攪拌35分鐘。將GDMA(27.5 g)溶解於1-丙醇(13 g),並攪拌15分鐘。將GDMA溶液緩慢地添加至AMPS溶液,並攪拌所得溶液15分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.73 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液20分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫氣45分鐘。
使用如實例1中所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕丙
烯酸背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片(mylar sheet)上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例1中所述單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸背襯布上,並使過量單體混合物自布流出。將該等兩種聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱40分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.5 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量,33 wt%之水含量。
由AMPS與GDMA之共聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜具有2.31 meq/乾重克之離子交換容量測量值;46.7%之水含量;0.56 mm之厚度及10.96 Ohm-cm2之面電阻。
將AMPS(33.54 g)溶解於水(22 g)中,並攪拌35分鐘。將GDMA(28.4 g)溶解於1-丙醇(13 g)中,並攪拌15分鐘。將GDMA溶液緩慢地添加至AMPS溶液,並攪拌所得溶液15分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.71 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液20分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫
氣45分鐘。
使用如實例3所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕丙烯酸背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例3中所述之單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸背襯布上,並使過量單體混合物自布流出。使該等兩片聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱40分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.4 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量、33 wt%之溶劑(水+丙醇)含量。
將AMPS(30.6 g)溶解於水(18 g)中,並攪拌35分鐘。將GDMA(30.6 g)溶解於1-丙醇(15 g)中,並攪拌15分鐘。將GDMA溶液緩慢地添加至AMPS溶液,並攪拌所得溶液15分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.71 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液20分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫氣45分鐘。
使用如實例5中所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例5中所述單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸布上,並使過量單體混合物自布流出。使該等兩聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱35分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.2 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量、33 wt%之溶劑(水+丙醇)含量。
將AMPS(33 g)溶解於水(20 g)中,並攪拌35分鐘。將GDMA(28.1 g)溶解於1-丙醇(13 g),並攪拌15分鐘。將GDMA溶液緩慢地添加至AMPS溶液,並攪拌所得溶液15分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.71 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液20分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫氣45分鐘。
使用如實例7所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物濕潤背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例7所述單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸布上,並使過量單體混合物自布流出。使該等兩種聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱35分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.4 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量、33 wt%之溶劑(水+丙醇)含量。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合所產生之陽離子交換膜具有2.06 meq/乾重克之離子交換容量測量值、41.8%之水含量、0.59 mm之厚度及12.00 Ohm-cm2之面電阻。
將AMPS(33 g)溶解於室溫水(20 g)中,並攪拌30分鐘。將GDMA(28.5 g)溶解於1-丙醇(13 g)中,並緩慢添加至AMPS溶液。攪拌所得溶液20分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.71 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液20分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫氣45分鐘。
使用如實例9中所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例9中所述單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸布上,並使過量單體混合物自布流出。使該等兩種聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱40分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.4 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量、33 wt%之溶劑(水+丙醇)含量。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合所產生之陽離子交換膜具有2.25 meq/乾重克之離子交換容量測量值,水含量=45.1%、0.56 mm之厚度、10.95 Ohm-cm2之面電阻。
使用如實例9中所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕背襯布。將丙烯酸布(0.44958 mm厚)置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例9中所述單體溶液傾倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於潤濕丙烯酸布上,並使過量
單體混合物自布流出。使該等兩種聚酯片及丙烯酸布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於85℃烘箱中加熱40分鐘使夾層片固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自丙烯酸/聚合物膜分離聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性,且具有2.4 mEq/乾重克之理論離子交換容量、33 wt%之溶劑(水+丙醇)含量。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合所產生之陽離子交換膜具有1.98 meq/乾重克之離子交換容量測量值、39.2%之水含量、0.54 mm之厚度及16.76 Ohm-cm2之面電阻。
將AMPS(33 g)溶解於水(20 g)中,並攪拌10分鐘。將1-丙醇(10 g)添加至該溶液,攪拌10分鐘。將GDMA(28.1 g)添加至該溶液,接著攪拌10分鐘。最後,將V-50觸媒(0.85 g)添加至燒瓶,並再攪拌溶液15分鐘。將該溶液轉移至圓底燒瓶,並在真空中脫氣30分鐘。
使用如實例12中所述而產生的經脫氣單體混合物潤濕背襯布。將丙烯酸布、聚乙烯布或聚酯布置於聚酯片上,隨後將其置於潔淨玻璃板上,並將實例12中所述單體溶液傾
倒於背襯布上。將第二聚酯片置於該丙烯酸布、聚乙烯布或聚酯布上,並使過量單體混合物自該丙烯酸布、聚乙烯布或聚酯布流出。將該等兩種聚酯片與丙烯酸布、聚乙烯布或聚酯布夾於玻璃板間,並使用裝訂夾固定。藉由於75℃、80℃或85℃烘箱中使該等夾層片乾燥30、45或60分鐘以使其固化。固化夾層片於烘箱外冷卻15分鐘,並移除玻璃板。自所得聚合物膜分離出聚酯片,將其浸泡在碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液10-14 h,以使AMPS之磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鈉官能團。使用去離子水沖洗該膜1天,或者直至分析,以得到陽離子交換膜。
由AMPS與GDMA之聚合作用所產生之陽離子交換膜(如實例中所述12)係防漏,並對各種溶液(諸如,2 N氯化鈉及1 N氫氧化鈉)具穩定性。所產生陽離子交換膜具有:2.2-2.3 mEq/乾重克之離子交換容量,40-45 wt%之水含量及10-13 Ohm cm2之面電阻。
使用壓模切割兩種膜帶(每條尺寸「3"x0.75"」),並置於錐形燒瓶(250 ml)中。將100 ml 1 N鹽酸添加至燒瓶,並搖晃燒瓶30分鐘。接著使用100 mL去離子(DI)水替換1 N HCl,並搖晃燒瓶15分鐘。使用DI水重複清洗3次,或者直至溶液pH為4.0。將該等膜浸泡在1 N NaCl溶液,並搖晃30分鐘。自燒瓶移除該等膜帶,並使用DI水沖洗,置於燒瓶中。使用吸附紙吸去膜表面上過量水,並記錄該等膜之濕重(Wwet)。接著在120℃烘箱中乾燥該等膜至少30分鐘。
自烘箱移除該等膜,並立即測量乾重(Wdry)。使用0.1 N NaOH溶液(在滴管中)在存在酚酞指示劑下滴定錐形燒瓶中1 N NaCl溶液。將0.1 N NaOH溶液之最初體積及最終體積(滴管讀數)分別記為Vi及Vf。接著根據以下等式計算該等膜之離子交換容量及水含量:
IEC(以meq/gm計)=[(0.1 N NaOH滴定體積)x(NaOH當量濃度)/(Wdry-布背襯重量)]x 1000
水含量(以%計)=[(Wwet-Wdry)/(Wwet-布背襯重量)]x 100
將膜帶分割成「3"x0.75"」尺寸,並置於100 ml塑膠料瓶中。向該瓶添加80 mL 1 N NaCl,並搖晃該瓶30分鐘。棄去溶液,並於80 mL去離子(DI)水中清洗該等膜三次。接著將該等膜浸泡於瓶中0.01 N NaCl溶液中,並搖晃至少30分鐘。接著使用厚度計測量厚度。將膜置於與電導率/電阻率儀連接之鉑電極間以測量電阻。將所記錄電阻與電極面積相乘,得到面電阻。
上述實例僅為說明而作。熟習此項技術者可對特定實例做替換、修改及變換,而並不脫離僅由附於本文申請專利範圍所定義之範圍。
圖1為用以形成交聯聚合物之聚合反應之圖解。
圖2為一流程圖,說明合成交聯聚合物之方法。
圖3為一流程圖,說明利用交聯聚合物生產陽離子交換膜之方法。
Claims (7)
- 一種製備陽離子交換膜之方法,該方法包括:將基於乙烯之具有磺酸官能團之單體,二乙烯基交聯劑,及可熱引發之聚合引發劑混合於包含水及水溶性醇之水性溶液中,以形成反應溶液,其中該單體及該交聯劑可溶於該反應溶液中;其中該單體與該交聯劑係以0.5:1至2.0:1之莫耳比(單體:交聯劑)混合;該聚合引發劑係以0.0025:1至0.02:1之莫耳比(聚合引發劑之莫耳量:單體與交聯劑之總莫耳量)添加;及水性溶液包括重量比為1.0:1至3.0:1之水及水溶性醇(水:水溶性醇);將該反應溶液置於背襯布上;使該單體與該交聯劑聚合,以形成聚合物片;及將磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鹽官能團,以形成該陽離子交換膜。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該反應溶液包括:該單體及該交聯劑總計達該反應溶液之50與80wt%之間;及該水性溶液組成該反應溶液之剩餘重量%部分。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該基於乙烯之具有磺酸官能團之單體為2-丙烯醯胺丙基甲磺酸(AMPS),該交聯劑為二 甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(GDMA),而該水溶性醇為1-丙醇。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括在真空中混合該反應溶液。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該聚合步驟係在60℃與90℃之溫度間發生30至120分鐘。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中使用碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液將磺酸基團轉化為磺酸鹽官能團。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該背襯布係選自由丙烯酸布、聚丙烯布及聚酯布組成之群。
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