TWI552764B - N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺及相關化合物的美容用途 - Google Patents
N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺及相關化合物的美容用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI552764B TWI552764B TW100122696A TW100122696A TWI552764B TW I552764 B TWI552764 B TW I552764B TW 100122696 A TW100122696 A TW 100122696A TW 100122696 A TW100122696 A TW 100122696A TW I552764 B TWI552764 B TW I552764B
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Description
本發明總體上涉及用於局部施加到皮膚上的包含N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的組合物,以及這種組合物用於改善皮膚的美學外觀的用途。
膠原蛋白是肌體主要的結構蛋白質,並且由纏繞在一起的形成了緊密的三股螺旋的三條蛋白質鏈構成。這種獨特的結構使得膠原蛋白比鋼具有更強的抗張強度。肌體中,大約33%的蛋白質是膠原蛋白。這種蛋白質支援組織和器官,並將這些結構與骨骼接連起來。事實上,骨骼也是由與某些礦物質(例如鈣和磷)相結合的膠原蛋白構成的。與鋼棒如何加固混凝土石塊相似,膠原蛋白在提供包圍細胞的結構支架中起到了重要的作用,其中結構支架幫助支援細胞的形狀以及分化。網狀樣的膠原蛋白網路將細胞結合在一起,並提供了其中細胞發育和發揮作用、以及組織和骨骼康復的支援構架或環境。
膠原蛋白由成纖維細胞所創造,其中成纖維細胞為定位在真皮中的特化皮膚細胞。成纖維細胞還產生其他皮膚結構蛋白質(例如彈性蛋白質,其為使得皮膚具有快速復原能力的蛋白質)和葡糖胺聚糖(GAG)。GAG構成了保持真皮水化的基本物質。為了對皮膚結構蛋白質的產生進行信號傳導或者啟動,成纖維細胞在其外膜上具有特殊形狀的受體,該受體起到了結合位點的作用,而具有匹配形狀的信號分子可以與該位元點擬合。當受體通過信號分子(稱為成纖維細胞生長因數或FGF)的校正組合(correct combination)而被結合時,成纖維細胞開始產生膠原蛋白。膠原蛋白的刺激使得皮膚有力、耐久以及具有光滑且圓潤的外觀。
因此,本發明提供了一種用於刺激膠原蛋白產生的新型組合物和方法。本發明的另一個目的是通過使用包含有效量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的美容組合物來刺激膠原蛋白的產生,從而改善皮膚的整體外觀,包括處理、逆轉和/或預防老化跡象,例如皮膚皺紋。
列出以上討論只是為了對本領域所面對的問題的性質提供更好的理解,而不應該以任何方式解釋為承認其為現有技術,並且本文所引用的任何參考文獻不應該被解釋為承認了這些參考文獻構成了本申請的「現有技術」。
根據之前所述的目的以及其他目的,令人驚奇的是,已經發現N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺是膠原蛋白產生的有效刺激劑,並因此成為對抗皮膚的內在老化和光老化的各種跡象的有利試劑。
在本發明的一個方面中,提供了用於改善人類皮膚的美學外觀的方法,包括向有需要的皮膚區域局部施加處於美容上可接受的媒介物中的、有效量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽。
在本發明的另一個方面中,提供了用於改善皮膚的美學外觀的美容組合物,其包含在美容上可接受的媒介物中的有效量的具有式I所示結構的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺:
其中W1、W2獨立地為CO、CO2、CONH、SO2或PO3;R1、R2和R3獨立地為C1-20的烴基,分別獨立地選自:烷基、環烷基、鹵代烷基、烷氧基烷基、雜烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷基芳基、雜芳基烷基以及烷基雜芳基;並且任選地分別被C和/或1-6個雜原子所取代,其中雜原子選自鹵素、O、N、S,並且S任選地被氧化;X、Y分別獨立地表示H或者為任選地被取代的烷基、鹵代烷基、烷氧基、氨基、氨基烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烯基,並且其中相鄰的X和Y一起可以形成5、6或7元環;R1、R2和R3還可以分別任選地被(例如)氨基、氨基烷基、烷氧基、鹵代烷氧基、鹵代烷基、烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、芳基等所取代;並且其中,-O-W2-R1基團與苯環的2-、3-或4-位置處連接。
此外,提供了處理一種或多種皮膚老化跡象的方法,包括向有需要的皮膚處局部施加有效增加膠原蛋白的量的根據式I所示的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺。
在本發明的另一個方面中,提供了處理、減輕和/或預防人類皮膚的細紋、皺紋或下垂的方法,包括向有需要的皮膚處局部施加(包括向皺紋或細紋處直接施加)包含有效增加膠原蛋白的量的根據式I所示的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的組合物。
通過參見以下詳述和附圖可以更好地理解本發明的這些以及其他方面。
除非另作說明,否則本文中所用的所有術語都具有其普通的含義。
本發明提供了用於局部施加的、包含有效處理、逆轉、減輕和/或預防皮膚老化跡象的量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或相關化合物的組合物。這種皮膚老化跡象包括但不限於以下這些:
(a)處理、減少和/或預防細紋或皺紋;
(b)減小皮膚毛孔的大小;
(c)改善皮膚的厚度、圓潤度和/或緊繃感;
(d)改善皮膚的靈活度和/或柔軟度;
(e)改善皮膚的色澤、光澤和/或清晰度;
(f)改善前膠原和/或膠原蛋白的產生;
(g)改善彈性蛋白的保持和再構造;
(h)改善皮膚的質地和/或促進重新構化(retexturization);
(i)改善皮膚的屏障修復和/或功能;
(j)改善皮膚輪廓的外觀;
(k)恢復皮膚的光澤和/或亮度;
(l)補充皮膚中必要的營養和/或組分;
(m)減緩老化和/或更年期;
(n)改善皮膚的濕潤度;
(o)增加皮膚的彈性和/或彈力;
(p)處理、減輕和/或預防皮膚下垂和/或
(q)減少色斑。
事實上,本發明的組合物被施加到需要處理的皮膚上。即,遭受上文所述的任何一種特徵的缺陷或損失的皮膚,或者是與此不同地、受益于上文所述的任何一種皮膚特徵的改善的皮膚。
在某些優選的實施方案中,本發明的組合物和方法涉及預防、處理和/或減緩皮膚細紋和/或皺紋。在這種情況下,將組合物施加到需要處理的皮膚上,其是指具有皺紋和/或細紋的皮膚。優選的是,本發明的組合物被直接施加到細紋和/或皺紋上。組合物和方法適用於處理在皮膚的任何表面上的細紋和/或皺紋,包括但不限於面部、頸部和/或手上的皮膚。
用於處理與膠原蛋白和/或彈性蛋白纖維的損失有關的皮膚狀況的美容組合物包含在美容上可接受的媒介物中的、有效增加膠原蛋白的量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺。這些膠原蛋白增加試劑可以具有式(I)所示的結構:
在式(I)中,W1和W2獨立地為CO、CO2、CONH、SO2或PO3;R1、R2和R3獨立地為烷基、環烷基、鹵代烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳烷基、雜烷基,並且R1、R2和R3可以任選地分別被C和/或1-6個雜原子所取代,其中雜原子選自鹵素、O、N、S,並且S任選地被氧化;X、Y分別獨立地表示H或者為任選地被取代的烷基、鹵代烷基、烷氧基、氨基、氨基烷基、鹵代烷氧基、烯基,並且其中相鄰的X和Y一起可以形成5、6或7元環。
在一個實施方案中,W1和W2為SO2;X和Y為H;R1和R2分別表示C1-C8烷基,優選的是C1-C4烷基,而R3為脂肪族烷基、C1-C8取代的或未取代的環烷基、或者芳香烴基,例如C6芳香烴基,其可以為取代的或未取代的芳基(例如苯基)。在其他實施方案中,R1、R2和R3獨立地表示低級烷基(例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等,通常為甲基或乙基)。在其他實施方案中,R1和R2在各種情況下獨立地表示脂肪族C1-C8烴基;包括脂肪族C1-C6烴基、脂肪族C1-C8烴基、或者脂肪族C1-C6烴基,例如取代的或未取代的支化、直鏈或環狀的烷基、烯基(例如乙烯基、烯丙基等)和炔基部分;C6-C20芳香烴基,包括C6-C12芳香烴基、C6-C10芳香烴基、或者C6芳香烴基,例如取代的或未取代的芳基(例如苯基)、烷基-芳基(例如苄基)、芳基-烷基等;或者C1-C20雜芳基,包括在環中選自O、N和S的一個或多個雜原子;包括C1-C12雜芳基、C1-C8雜芳基、和C1-C6雜芳基,例如雜芳基、烷基-雜芳基、雜芳基-烷基等。
R1、R2和R3還可以分別任選地被(例如)氨基、氨基烷基、烷氧基、鹵代烷氧基、鹵代烷基、鹵素、氨基、氨基烷基、烷氧基、鹵代烷氧基、鹵代烷基、烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、芳基等取代。
在一些實施方案中,W1為CONH;W2為SO2;X和Y為H;R1為C1-C8烷基;R2為C1-C8烷基或芳烷基;以及R3為烷基、環烷基、芳基烷基或雜烷基。
在其他實施方案中,W1表示羰基-(C=O)-;W2為SO2;X和Y為H;R1為C1-C8烷基;R2為C1-C8烷基或芳烷基;以及R3為烷基、環烷基、芳基烷基或雜烷基。
此外,任何氮原子可以任選地被氧化成N-氧化物,或者可以與(例如)低級烷基鹵化物(例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、二烷基硫酸酯(例如二甲基硫酸酯、二乙基硫酸酯、二丁基硫酸酯和二戊基硫酸酯)、長鏈鹵化物(例如癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基和十八烷基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳烷基鹵化物(例如苄基和苯乙基溴化物)等季銨化。
在根據式(I)的一個實施方案中,W1和W2為SO2,如式(Ia)所示。
其中X和Y為H;R1為烷基;R2為異丁基;以及R3為苯基。
在另一個實施方案中,W1為SO2;W2為基團-CONH-;X和Y為H;R1為烷基;R2為烷基;以及R3為取代的苯基,如式(Ib)所示:
其中-OSO2R1基團位於苯環的位置3-或4-上。優選的是,R為甲基;R2為異丁基;以及R3為2-乙基苯基。
在另一個實施方案中,W1為羰基(-CO-);W2為SO2;X和Y為H;R1為烷基;R2為烷基;以及R3為烷基或取代的苯基,如式(Ic)所示:
其中R1優選為甲基;R2為烷基或烷氧基;以及R3為取代的苯基。
在具體的實施方案中,美容組合物包含在美容上可接受的媒介物中(優選油包水或水包油乳劑)的、大約0.0001重量%至大約90重量%的具有以下結構的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽。
在另一個具體的實施方案中,美容組合物包含在美容上可接受的媒介物中(優選油包水或水包油乳劑)的、大約0.0001重量%至大約90重量%的具有以下結構的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽。
本發明涵蓋了美容上或藥學上可接受的(例如非毒性和/或非刺激性)鹽的用途。本發明化合物的鹽的實例包括:與諸如鈉和鉀之類的鹼金屬形成的鹽;與諸如鈣和鎂之類的鹼土金屬形成的鹽;與諸如乙醇胺之類的胺形成的鹽;與諸如鹽酸和硫酸之類的無機酸形成的鹽;以及與諸如檸檬酸和乙酸之類的有機酸形成的鹽。可以特別提及鹽酸醯。
根據本發明的美容組合物可以配製成多種局部施加形式,並且包含大約0.00001重量%至大約90重量%的一種或多種根據式(I)所示的化合物,並且優選的是包含大約0.001重量%至大約25重量%的化合物,並且更優選的是包含大約0.001重量%至大約1重量%的化合物。組合物包含有效量根據式(I)所示的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺化合物,其是指當局部施加組合物時,在給定的皮膚區域上足以增加膠原蛋白的量。
組合物可以配製成多種產品形式以特別用於局部給藥,例如洗劑、乳膏、血清、噴霧劑、氣霧劑、結塊、軟膏、精華、凝膠、糊狀物、貼片、筆劑、濕巾、面罩、粘貼、泡沫、酏劑、濃縮物等。優選的是,組合物配製成洗劑、乳膏、軟膏或凝膠。
組合物可以包含美容上可接受的媒介物。這種媒介物可以採用適用於施加到皮膚上的本領域任何已知的形式,可以包括但不限於水;植物油;礦物油;酯,例如棕櫚酸辛酯、肉豆蔻酸異丙酯和棕櫚酸異丙酯;醚,例如二辛醚和異山梨醇二甲醚;醇,例如乙醇和異丙醇;脂肪醇,例如十六醇、鯨蠟硬脂醇、十八醇和聯苯醇;異鏈烷烴,例如異辛烷、異十二烷和異十六烷;矽油,例如環甲矽油、二甲基矽油、二甲基矽油交聯聚合物、聚矽氧烷及其衍生物,優選的是有機改性的衍生物;烴油,例如礦物油、凡士林、異二十烷和聚異丁烯;多元醇,例如丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇;蠟,例如蜂蠟和植物蠟;或者上述物質的任何組合或混合物。
媒介物可以包含水相、油相、醇、有機矽相或它們的混合物。美容上可接受的媒介物還可以包括乳劑。合適的乳劑的非限定性實例包括油包水乳劑、水包油乳劑、水包有機矽乳劑、有機矽包水乳劑、水包蠟乳劑、水-油-水三重乳劑或者具有乳膏、凝膠或微乳劑外觀等物質。乳劑可以包含乳化劑,例如非離子、陰離子或兩性表面活性劑。
乳劑的油相優選的是具有一種或多種有機化合物,包括潤滑劑;保濕劑(例如丙二醇和甘油);其他水分散性或水溶性成分,包括增稠劑,例如矽酸鎂鋁或羥烷基纖維素;凝膠劑,例如高MW的聚丙烯酸,即,CARBOPOL 934;以及它們的混合物。乳劑可以具有能夠乳化組合物中存在的多種成分的一種或多種乳化劑。
適用於油相的化合物包括但不限於植物油;酯,例如棕櫚酸辛酯、肉豆蔻酸異丙酯和棕櫚酸異丙酯;醚,例如二辛醚;脂肪醇,例如十六醇、十八醇和聯苯醇;異鏈烷烴,例如異辛烷、異十二烷和異十六烷;矽油,例如二甲基矽油、環形有機矽和聚矽氧烷;烴油,例如礦物油、凡士林、異二十烷和聚異丁烯;天然或合成的蠟等。合適的疏水性烴油可以為飽和的或不飽和的,具有脂肪族特徵,並且為直鏈或支鏈的或者包含脂環族或芳香環。含油相可以由單種油或不同油的混合物構成。
烴油包括具有6-20個碳原子的那些,更優選的是具有10-16個碳原子。代表性的烴包括癸烷、十二烷、十四烷、十三烷和C8-20異鏈烷烴。石蠟烴可以得自Exxon,商標為ISOPARS;以及得自Permethyl公司。此外,C8-20石蠟烴(例如C12異鏈烷烴(異十二烷),由Permethyl公司製造的、商標為Permethyl 99ATM)也被認為是合適的。多種購得的C16異鏈烷烴(例如異十六烷(商標為Permethyl RTM))也是合適的。優選的揮發性烴的實例包括多癸烷類(polydecanes),例如異十二烷和異癸烷,包括例如Permethyl-99A(Presperse公司);以及C7-C8至C12-C15異鏈烷烴,例如得自Exxon Chemicals的Isopar Series。代表性的烴溶劑為異十二烷。
油相可以包含一種或多種蠟,包括例如米糠蠟、棕櫚蠟、ouricurry蠟、小燭樹蠟、褐煤蠟、甘蔗蠟、地蠟、聚乙烯蠟、Fischer-Tropsch蠟、蜂蠟、微晶蠟、有機矽蠟、氟化蠟以及它們的任何組合。
非限定性乳化劑包括乳化蠟、乳化多羥基醇、聚醚醇、聚醚、多元醇的單酯或二酯、乙二醇單硬脂酸酯、甘油單硬脂酸酯、甘油二硬脂酸酯、含有機矽的乳化劑、大豆甾醇、脂肪醇(例如十六烷醇)、脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸)、脂肪酸鹽以及它們的混合物。優選的乳化劑包括大豆甾醇、十六烷醇、硬脂酸、乳化蠟和它們的混合物。可以用於本發明的組合物中的其他具體的乳化劑包括但不限於以下的一種或多種:山梨聚糖酯;聚甘油-3-二異硬脂酸酯;山梨聚糖單硬脂酸酯、山梨聚糖三硬脂酸酯、山梨聚糖倍半異硬脂酸酯、山梨聚糖單油酸酯;甘油酯,例如甘油單硬脂酸酯和甘油單油酸酯;聚糖乙烯苯酚,例如聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚和聚氧乙烯壬基苯酚;聚氧乙烯醚,例如聚氧乙烯十六烷基醚和聚氧乙烯十八烷基醚;聚氧乙烯乙二醇醚;聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖醚;二甲基矽油共聚物;聚甘油酯,例如聚甘油-3-二異硬脂酸酯;甘油月桂酸酯;Steareth-2、Steareth-10和Steareth-20等。在INCI Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook 11th Edition 2006中還提供了其他乳化劑,文獻的公開內容以引用方式併入本文。
這些乳化劑在組合物的存在的量為大約0.001重量%至大約10重量%,特別是大約0.01重量%至大約5重量%,更優選的是低於1重量%。
油相可以包含一種或多種揮發性和/或非揮發性矽油。揮發性的有機矽包括環狀或線性的揮發性二甲基矽氧烷有機矽。在一個實施方案中,揮發性有機矽可以包括環狀二甲基矽氧烷,包括四聚體(D4)、五聚體(D5)和硫聚體(D 6)環狀二甲基矽氧烷,或者它們的混合物。可以特別提及揮發性的環狀甲基矽氧烷-六甲基環狀三矽氧烷、八甲基-環四矽氧烷和十甲基-環戊矽氧烷。合適的二甲基矽油得自Dow公司,商品名為Dow Coring200 Fluid並且粘度為0.65至600,000厘沲或更高。合適的非極性揮發性液體矽油在美國專利No. 4,781,917中所有公開,該專利文獻以引用方式全文併入本文。其他揮發性有機矽材料在Todd et al.,「Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics」,Cosmetics and Toiletries,91:27-32(1976)中有所描述,該專利文獻以引用方式全文併入本文。在25℃下線性揮發性有機矽的粘度通常低於大約5厘沲,而在25℃下環狀有機矽的粘度低於大約10厘沲。各種粘度的揮發性有機矽的實例包括Dow Corning 200、Dow Corning 244、Dow Corning 245、Dow Corning 344和Dow Corning 345(Dow Corning公司);SF-1204和SF-1202 Silicone Fluids(G.E. Silicones)、GE 7207和7158(General Electric公司);以及SWS-03314(SWS Silicones公司)。線性揮發性有機矽包括低分子量的聚二甲矽氧烷化合物,例如六甲基二矽氧烷、八甲三矽氧烷、十甲基四矽氧烷和十二甲基戊矽氧烷等。
非揮發性矽油通常包括聚烷基矽氧烷、聚芳基矽氧烷、聚烷基芳基矽氧烷或它們的混合物。聚二甲基矽氧烷是優選的非揮發性矽油。在25℃下,非揮發性矽油的粘度為大約10至大約60,000厘沲,通常為大約10至大約10000厘沲,更優選為大約10至大約500厘沲;並且在大氣壓下沸點高於250℃。非限定性實例包括二甲基聚矽氧烷(二甲基矽氧烷)、苯基三甲基矽氧烷和二苯基二甲基矽氧烷。揮發性和非揮發性矽油可以任選地被多種官能團所取代,例如烷基、芳基、氨基、乙烯基、羥基、鹵代烷基、烷基芳基、和丙烯基等。
有機矽包水的乳劑可以被非離子表面活性劑(乳化劑)所乳化,例如聚二有機矽氧烷-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物,包括在美國專利No. 4,122,029中所描述的那些,該專利公開以引用方式併入本文。這些乳化劑通常包含具有側鏈(包含-(EO)m-和/或-(PO)n-基團)的聚二有機矽氧烷主鏈(通常為二甲基矽氧烷),其中EO為乙烯氧基,PO為1,2-丙烯氧基,而側鏈通常被氫或低級烷基(例如C1-6,通常為C1-3)所蓋帽或封端。其他合適的有機矽包水乳化劑在美國專利No. 6,685,952中有所公開,該專利公開以引用方式併入本文。購得的有機矽包水乳化劑包括得自Dow Corning的那些,商品名為3225C和5225C FORMULATION AID;得自General Electric的SILICONE SF-1528;得自Goldschmidt Chemical公司(Hopewell,VA)的ABIL EM 90和EM 97;以及由OSI Specialties(Danbury,CT)出售的SILWET系列乳化劑。
有機矽包水乳化劑的實例包括但不限於二甲基矽油PEG 10/15交聯聚合物、二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物、十六烷基二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物、PEG-15十二烷基二甲基矽油交聯聚合物、十二烷基甲基矽油交聯聚合物、環甲矽油和二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物、二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物(和)辛酸/癸酸三甘油酸酯、聚甘油-4-異硬脂酸酯(和)十六烷基二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物(和)己基月桂酸酯、和二甲基矽油聚乙醇共聚物(和)環戊矽氧烷。有機矽包水乳化劑的優選實例包括但不限於PEG/PPG-18/18二甲基矽油(商品名5225C,Dow Corning)、PEG/PPG-19/19二甲基矽油(商品名BY25-337,Dow Corning)、Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1二甲基矽油(商品名Abil EM-90,Goldschmidt Chemical公司)、PEG-12二甲基矽油(商品名SF 1288,General Electric)、月桂基PEG/PPG-18/18甲基矽油(商品名5200 FORMULATION AID,Dow Corning)、PEG-12二甲基矽油交聯聚合物(商品名9010和9011有機矽彈性體共混物,Dow Corning)、PEG-10二甲基矽油交聯聚合物(商品名KSG-20,Shin-Etsu)、以及二甲基矽油PEG-10/15交聯聚合物(商品名KSG-210,Shin-Etsu)。
組合物中存在的有機矽包水乳化劑的量通常為大約0.001重量%至大約10重量%,特別是大約0.01重量%至大約5重量%,更優選的是低於1重量%。
乳劑的水相可以包括一種或多種其他溶劑,包括低級醇,例如乙醇、異丙醇等。揮發性溶劑還可以為美容上可接受的酯,例如丁基乙酸酯或乙基乙酸酯;酮,例如丙酮或甲乙酮等。
含油相通常占乳劑總重量的大約10重量%至大約99重量%、優選為大約20重量%至大約85重量%、更優選為大約30重量%至大約70重量%,並且水相通常占乳劑總量的大約1重量%至大約90重量%、優選為大約5重量%至大約70重量%、更優選為大約20重量%至大約60重量%。水相通常包含大約25重量%至大約100重量%,更通常為大約50重量%至大約95重量%的水。
組合物可以包含脂質體。脂質體可以包含其他添加劑或物質,和/或可以被改性為在給藥後更加特異性地到達或保持在位點處。
此外,組合物可以併入到膠囊和/或微囊技術中。如本領域所公知的那樣,可以選擇這樣的囊封材料,在該材料在暴露於水分、pH變化、溫度變化、溶解度變化、機械剪切或破裂時會釋放組合物。合適的囊封材料以及製備囊封後材料的方法(例如噴霧乾燥、擠出、凝聚、流化床塗覆、脂質體包埋等)在(例如)美國專利申請公開No. 2005/0000531(Shi);Uhlmann,et al.,「Flavor encapsulation technologies: an overview including recent developments」Perfumer and Flavorist,27,52-61,2002;以及「Selection of Coating and Microencapsulation Processes」(Robert E. Sparks and Irwin Jacobs),Controlled-Release Delivery Systems for Pesticides,Herbert B. Scher ed.,Marcel Dekker,New York,N.Y.,1999,pp. 3-29中有所公開,這些文獻的內容以引用方式併入本文。
將組合物併入到膠囊和/或微囊中的技術可以形成納米顆粒。如本文所用,術語「納米顆粒」是指納米尺寸的顆粒,其直徑為大約1納米至大約999納米;如本文所用,術語「納米顆粒」是指納米尺寸的顆粒、納米團、團、顆粒、小顆粒以及納米結構化的材料。
組合物可以任選地包含其他美容活性物質和賦形劑,對於本領域的技術人員顯而易見的活性物質和賦形劑包括但不限於填料、乳化劑、抗氧化劑、表面活性劑、成膜劑、螯合劑、凝膠劑、增稠劑、潤滑劑、保濕劑、濕潤劑、維生素、礦物質、粘性和/或流變性改性劑、遮光劑、角質層分離劑、脫色劑、類視黃醇、激素化合物、α-羥酸、α-酮酸、抗分支桿菌試劑、抗真菌試劑、抗菌劑、抗病毒劑、止痛劑、脂質化合物、抗過敏試劑、H1或H2抗組胺藥、抗炎試劑、抗刺激性試劑、抗腫瘤試劑、免疫系統加強劑、免疫系統抑制劑、抗痤瘡試劑、麻醉劑、防腐劑、驅蟲劑、皮膚涼爽化合物、皮膚防護劑、皮膚滲透增強劑、去角質化劑(exfollient)、滑潤劑、香味劑、著色劑、脫色劑、去色劑(hypopigmenting agent)、防腐劑、穩定劑、藥物試劑、光穩定劑、遮光劑以及它們的混合物。除了之前這些,本發明的美容組合物可以包含用於處理皮膚紊亂的任何其他化合物。
著色劑可以包括例如有機和無機顏料和珠光劑。合適的無機顏料包括但不限於氧化鈦、氧化鋯和氧化鈰,以及氧化鋅、氧化鐵、氧化鉻和鐵藍。合適的有機顏料包括鋇、鍶、鈣和鋁色澱,以及炭黑。合適的珠光劑包括使用氧化鈦、氧化鐵和天然顏料塗覆的雲母。
可以加入多種填料和其他成分。通常,填料存在的量占組合物的總重量的大約0重量%至大約20重量%,優選的是大約0.1重量%至大約10重量%。合適的填料包括但不限於二氧化矽、經處理的二氧化矽、滑石、硬脂酸鋅、雲母、高嶺土、Nylon粉末(例如OrgasolTM)、聚乙烯粉末、TeflonTM、澱粉、氮化硼、共聚物微球體(例如ExpancelTM(Nobel Industries)、PolytrapTM(Dow Corning)以及有機矽樹脂微珠(TospearlTM from Toshiba))等。
在本發明的一個實施方案中,組合物可以包括其他皮膚活性物質,例如但不限於植物製品、角質層分離劑、脫皮劑、角化細胞增殖增強劑、膠原酶抑制劑、彈性蛋白酶抑制劑、脫色劑、抗炎劑、甾體、祛痘劑、抗氧化劑、水楊酸或水楊酸酯、硫代二丙酸或其酯、以及糖基化終末產物(AGE)抑制劑。
在具體的實施方案中,組合物可以包含至少一種其他的植物製品,例如植物提取物、精油或植物本身。合適的植物製品包括但不限於得自以下物質的提取物,物質為印度冷杉、兒茶、蘆薈、臭魔芋、寬葉榆綠木、Asmunda japonica、印楝、豆科紫礦樹、紫鉚樹、雪松、洋甘菊、印第安鵝莓、孟加拉榕樹、光果甘草、Humilus scandens、小葉冬青、Innula racemosa、Ligusticum chiangxiong、尖葉女貞、粗糠柴、Melicope hayesil、西班牙櫻桃、海巴戟、辣木、補血草、夾竹桃、蔞葉、Pouzolzia petandra、補骨脂、靈枝草、Sapindus rarek、大花田菁、大葉金花草、紅果欖仁果樹、tomato glycolipid以及它們的混合物。
組合物可以包含具有抗老化益處的其他活性成分,預計使用這種組合可以獲得協同改善。抗老化成分的實例包括但不限於植物製品(例如豆科紫礦樹提取物);葉綠醇、硫代二丙酸(TDPA)及其酯;類視黃醇(例如全反式視黃酸、9-順視黃酸、植烷酸等);羥酸(包括α-羥酸和β-羥酸)、水楊酸和水楊酸酯;脫落劑(例如乙醇酸、3,6,9-三惡十一烷二酸)、雌激素合成酶刺激化合物(例如咖啡因和衍生物);能夠抑制5α-還原酶活性的化合物(例如亞麻酸、亞油酸、非那司提以及它們的混合物);屏障功能增強劑(例如神經醯胺、甘油酯、膽固醇及其酯、α-羥基及Ω-羥基脂肪酸及其酯等);膠原蛋白酶抑制劑;以及彈性蛋白酶抑制劑等。
示例性類視黃醇包括但不限於視黃酸(例如全反或13-順視黃酸)及其衍生物,視黃醇(維生素A)、其酯(例如視黃醇棕櫚酸酯、視黃醇乙酸酯和視黃醇丙酸酯)及其鹽。
在另一個實施方案中,本發明的局部組合物還可以包含一種或多種以下物質:皮膚滲透增強劑、潤滑劑、皮膚豐滿劑、光擴散劑(optical diffuser)、遮光劑、脫落劑和抗氧化劑。
潤滑劑提供了增加皮膚光滑度並減少細紋和粗糙皺紋外觀的功能益處。實例包括豆蔻酸異丙酯、凡士林、羊毛脂酸異丙酯、有機矽(例如甲基矽油、二甲基矽油)、油、礦物油、脂肪酸酯或它們的任何混合物。潤滑劑可以優選地占組合物的總重量的大約0.1重量%至大約50重量%。
皮膚豐滿劑對皮膚起到了膠原蛋白增強劑的作用。合適且優選的皮膚豐滿劑的實例為棕櫚醯寡肽。其他皮膚豐滿劑為膠原蛋白和/或葡萄糖胺聚糖(GAG)增強劑。當存在有皮膚豐滿劑時,其可以占組合物的總重量的大約0.1重量%至大約20重量%。
光擴散劑為可以改變皮膚的表面視覺效果、從而使得(例如)細紋和皺紋在視覺上變得模糊和緩解的顆粒。可用于本發明中的光擴散劑的實例包括但不限於氮化硼、雲母、尼龍、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯粉末、絹雲母、二氧化矽、有機矽粉末、滑石、Teflon、二氧化鈦、氧化鋅或它們的混合物。當存在有光擴散劑時,其可以占組合物的總重量的大約0.01重量%至大約20重量%。
此外,可以包含用於保護皮膚免受紫外線損傷的遮光劑。優選的遮光劑為具有廣譜的UVB和UVA保護範圍的那些,例如氰雙苯丙烯酸辛酯、阿伏苯宗(Parsol 1789)、辛基甲氧基肉桂酸酯、辛基水楊酸酯、氧苯酮、homosylate、苯甲酮、樟腦衍生物、氧化鋅和二氧化鈦。當存在有遮光劑時,其可以占組合物的大約0.01重量%至大約70重量%。
合適的脫落劑包括(例如)α-羥酸、β-羥酸、oxaacid、草酸以及它們的衍生物(例如它們的酯、酐和鹽)。合適的羥酸包括(例如)羥基乙酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、2-羥基鏈烷酸、扁桃酸、水楊酸及其衍生物。優選的脫落劑為羥基乙酸。當存在有脫落劑時,其可以占組合物的大約0.1重量%至大約80重量%。
除了其他方面,抗氧化劑起到了搜尋皮膚上的自由基從而保護皮膚免受環境侵襲的作用。可用于本發明的抗氧化劑的實例包括具有酚羥基功能團的化合物,例如抗壞血酸及其衍生物/酯;β-胡蘿蔔素;兒茶酚;薑黃素;阿魏酸衍生物(例如乙基阿魏酸酯、阿魏酸鈉);五倍子酸衍生物(例如丙基五倍子酸酯);番茄紅素;還原酸;迷迭香酸;鞣酸;四氫薑黃素;生育酚及其衍生物;尿酸或它們任何的混合物。其他合適的抗氧化劑為具有一個或多個還原形式或非還原形式的巰基官能團(-SH)的那些,例如谷胱甘肽、硫辛酸、巰基乙酸和其他巰基化合物。抗氧化劑可以為無機的,例如亞硫酸鹽、焦亞硫酸鹽、硫酸鹽或其他無機鹽,以及含硫的酸。優選的是,本發明的組合物可以包含占組合物的總重量的大約0.001重量%至大約10重量%的抗氧化劑,更優選的是占組合物的總重量的大約0.01重量%至大約5重量%。
其他傳統的添加劑包括:維生素,例如生育酚和抗壞血酸;維生素衍生物,例如抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯;增稠劑,例如羥烷基纖維素;凝膠劑;構造劑,例如斑脫土、蒙脫石、矽酸鋁鎂和矽酸鎂鋰;金屬螯合劑,例如EDTA;顏料,例如氧化鋅和二氧化鈦;著色劑;潤滑劑;以及保濕劑。
優選的是,組合物基本上不含有具有強氧化潛力的成分,包括例如有機或無機的過氧化物。「基本上不含有」這些成分是指存在的量不足以對膠原蛋白產生可測量的影響,從而增強了N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的活性。在一些實施方案中,以摩爾為基礎(與N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的量相關),上文所述的量低於1%。
在一個實施方案中,包含N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的本發明的組合物的pH為大約1至大約8。在某些實施方案中,組合物的pH是酸性的,即,低於7.0,優選的是為大約2至大約7,更優選的是為大約3.5至大約5.5。
本發明提供了一種用於通過在一段足以減少、減緩、逆轉或預防老化的皮膚跡象的時間內將包含N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺(優選的是處於美容上可接受的媒介物中)的組合物局部施加在受影響的區域上來處理老化皮膚的方法。該方法特別用於處理皮膚的光老化和內在老化的跡象。
通常,所述狀況和/或美學外觀的改善選自:減少時間老化、光老化、激素老化和/或光化學老化的皮膚跡象;預防和/或減少細紋和/或皺紋的外觀;降低面部細紋和皺紋、臉頰上的面部皺紋、前額、眼睛之間的垂直皺紋、眼睛上方的水準皺紋、嘴周圍、木偶紋以及特別是深的皺紋或褶皺的醒目程度;預防、減少和/或減輕細紋和/或皺紋的外觀和/或深度;改善眼眶下細紋和/或眼眶周細紋的外觀;減少魚尾紋的外觀;使皮膚(特別是老化的皮膚)便年輕和/或恢復活力;預防和/或逆轉葡萄糖胺聚糖和/或膠原蛋白的損失;減輕雌激素失衡的效果;預防皮膚萎縮;預防、減輕和/或處理色素沉著過度;減少皮膚變色;改善皮膚色澤、光澤、清晰度和/或緊繃感;預防、減輕和/或減緩皮膚下垂;改善皮膚緊致、豐滿、靈活度和/或柔軟度;改善前膠原和/或膠原蛋白的生成;改善皮膚質地和/或促進重新構化;改善皮膚的屏障修復和/或功能;改善皮膚輪廓的外觀;恢復皮膚的光澤和/或亮度;減少疲倦和/或壓力的皮膚跡象;抵抗環境壓力;補充由於老化和/或更年期而減少的皮膚中的組分;改善皮膚細胞之間的交流;增加細胞增殖和/或繁殖;增加皮膚細胞由於老化和/或更年期而降低代謝;延緩細胞老換;改善皮膚的濕潤度;增加皮膚的厚度;增加皮膚的彈性和/或彈力;增強脫落;改善微循環;降低和/或預防脂肪團的形成;以及它們的任意組合。
不希望被任何特定的理論所束縛,據信,本發明的組合物通過膠原蛋白的刺激、和/或通過橋粒芯糖蛋白的刺激而改善角化細胞之間的細胞與細胞的粘附來增強和改善皮膚的美學外觀。
組合物通常每天一次、兩次或三次被施加到皮膚上,並持續需要達到所需的抗老化效果的時間。處理方案(treatment regiment)可以包括每天施加,並持續至少一個星期、至少兩個星期、至少四個星期、至少八個星期或者至少十二個星期。此外,還考慮了長期處理方案。
N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺的活性組分被局部施加到「有需要的個體上」,其含義是指準備受益於減少皮膚損傷或老化的可視跡象的個體。在具體的實施方案中,N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺成分在藥物、生理、美容和皮膚可用的媒介物、稀釋劑或載體中提供,其中組合物以有效改善皮膚的狀況和美學外觀的量局部施加到受影響的皮膚區域上並使其保留在該受影響的區域上。
在一個實施方案中,用於處理細紋和皺紋的方法包括以足以減輕細紋和/或皺紋的嚴重程度、或者預防或抑制新的細紋和/或皺紋的形成的量和時間將本發明的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺組合物局部施加到有需要的個體的皮膚上,例如直接局部施加到細紋和/或皺紋上。組合物對細紋和皺紋的形成或外觀的影響可用通過例如視覺檢測來進行定性評價,或者通過借助於顯微鏡或電腦對皺紋的形態學(例如每單位面積的皮膚上皺紋的數量、深度、長度、面積、體積和/或寬度)進行測量來定量評價。這種實施方案包括處理手、臂、腿、頸部、胸部和面部的皮膚上的皺紋。
此外還預計,本發明的組合物可以通過將該組合物局部施加到有需要的個體的薄的皮膚上來處理薄的皮膚。「薄的皮膚」是指包括由於時間老化、更年期或光損傷而變薄的皮膚。據信,皮膚會隨著男性和女性(特別是在不同生命階段的女性中)的年紀而不同程度的變薄,所以在一些實施方案中,所述的處理可以用於男性的薄的皮膚,而其他實施方案中則為處理女性(更年期前或更年期後)的薄的皮膚。
可以預防性地使用本發明的方法來預先阻止老化(包括在沒有明顯的皮膚老化跡象的患者中,最通常的是在25歲以下的個體中)。所述的方法還可以逆轉或處理已經明顯的老化跡象(其在超過25歲的患者中是普遍的)。
以下實施例以非限定性的方式證明本發明的某些方面。
在10% CO2的濕度氣氛、37℃下,將人類真皮成纖維細胞(Cascade Biologics,Portland,OR)以10,000個細胞/孔的量平板接種于96孔培養板的補充培養基(DMEM、10%胎牛血清、1%青黴素/鏈黴素和1% L-穀氨醯胺)中並過夜。第二天,使用新鮮的培養基(DMEM、1%青黴素/鏈黴素和1%L-穀氨醯胺)替換培養基,並將溶解於DMSO中化合物以0.0005%的濃度加入到各孔中,並進行一式三份。使用DMSO溶液作為對照。在溫育48小時後,將平板由培養箱中取出,並收集得自各孔的培養基以用於前膠原測試。
使用前膠原I型C肽(PIP)EIA試劑盒(Takara Bio,Inc.,Japan)測定膠原蛋白的產生。簡言之,將條件培養基以1:10的比例稀釋於樣品稀釋液中。將20 μl稀釋的條件培養基和100 μl抗體-POD綴合物溶液加入到Takara ELISA平板的孔中。將ELISA平板在37℃下溫育3小時,然後用400ul的1 X PBS將孔洗滌4次。在洗滌結束時,將100 μl的底物溶液(試劑盒提供)加入到孔中,並在室溫下溫育15分鐘。通過向各孔中加入100 μl的1N硫酸終止反應。在分光光度計中在450 nm波長下測量吸光值。由標準曲線計算條件培養基中前膠原肽的量。刺激產生的膠原蛋白顯示為多於對照的膠原蛋白。
膠原蛋白測試中測定的化合物的結果示於表1中:
包括本文所引用的專利申請和公開在內的所有參考文獻均以引用方式全文併入本文,並就所有目的而言都如同每份單獨的公開或專利或專利申請都明確且單獨地以引用方式全文併入到本文中,以達到所有的目的。對於本領域的技術人員顯而易見的是,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍的條件下可以對本發明進行多種修改和改變。本文所描述的具體的實施方案僅以實施例的方式提供,並且本發明僅由所附的權利要求書中的款項所限定,而且與權利要求書等價的全部範圍也被包含在內。
Claims (19)
- 一種用於改善人類皮膚的美學外觀的方法,包括:將處於美容上可接受的媒介物中的、有效量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽局部施加到有需要的皮膚區域上,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有式I所示的結構:
- 如請求項1之方法,其中R1為C1-4烷基。
- 如請求項2之方法,其中R1為-CH3或-CH2CH3。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中R2選自異丁基、仲丁基、甲氧乙基和CH2-2-呋喃基。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中R2為異丁基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中W1係選自CO、CONH、和SO2。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中W1為-SO2基團或者-CONH基團。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中R3為苯基。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該皮膚的該美學改善選自:(a)處理、減少和/或預防細紋或皺紋;(b)減小皮膚毛孔的大小;(c)改善皮膚的厚度、豐滿度和/或緊繃感;(d)改善皮膚的靈活度和/或柔軟度;(e)改善皮膚的色澤、光澤和/或清晰度;(f)改善前膠原和/或膠原蛋白的產生;(g)改善彈性蛋白的保持和再構造;(h)改善皮膚的質地和/或促進重新構化;(i)改善皮膚的屏障修復和/或功能;(j)改善皮膚輪廓的外觀;(k)恢復皮膚的光澤和/或亮度;(l)補充皮膚中必要的營養和/或組分;(m)改善由於更年期而減少的皮膚外觀;(n)改善皮膚的濕潤度; (o)增加皮膚的彈性和/或彈力;(p)處理、減輕和/或預防皮膚下垂;或(q)減少色斑。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該皮膚的該美學改善為處理、減少和/或預防:細紋和/或皺紋、皮膚下垂、彈性的損失以及脫換的皮膚外觀。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有以下結構:
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有以 下結構:
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有以下結構:
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有以下結構:
- 如請求項14之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺具有以下結構:
- 一種用於處理皺紋和/或細紋的方法,包括在足以減輕該皺紋或細紋的嚴重程度的時間內將處於美容上可接受的媒介物中的、有效量的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽局部施加到有需要個體的皮膚上的該皺紋和/或細紋處,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺係定義於請求項1至8及11至15中任一項。
- 如請求項16之方法,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽每天至少一次施加到該皮膚上至少四個星期。
- 一種美容組合物,包含在美容上可接受的媒介物中的大約0.0001重量%至大約25重量%的N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺或其美容上可接受的鹽,其中該N-取代的磺醯氧苄胺係定義於請求項1至8及11至15中任一項。
- 如請求項18之美容組合物,其中該美容上可接受的媒介物包括油包水或水包油乳劑。
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