TWI548195B - Inverting apparatus and alternating current power system using the same - Google Patents
Inverting apparatus and alternating current power system using the same Download PDFInfo
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- TWI548195B TWI548195B TW104105088A TW104105088A TWI548195B TW I548195 B TWI548195 B TW I548195B TW 104105088 A TW104105088 A TW 104105088A TW 104105088 A TW104105088 A TW 104105088A TW I548195 B TWI548195 B TW I548195B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
- H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Description
本發明是有關於一種電源轉換技術，且特別是有關於一種逆變裝置及應用其之交流電源系統。 The present invention relates to a power conversion technology, and more particularly to an inverter device and an AC power supply system using the same.
一般用於交流電源系統(例如光伏並網系統、風力並網系統、不斷電系統或大型備用電源系統)的逆變裝置中，通常只能提供有效功率輸出，無法同時提供無效功率輸出的補償。因此，當逆變裝置所產生的無效功率上升時，交流輸出電壓會隨之升高而造成逆變裝置容易當機。如此便造成了直流輸入電源無法有效地轉換為交流電源進行供電，從而造成電能的浪費。 Generally used in an inverter device of an AC power system (such as a photovoltaic grid-connected system, a wind-powered grid-connected system, an uninterruptible power system, or a large-scale backup power system), usually only provides effective power output, and cannot provide compensation for invalid power output at the same time. . Therefore, when the reactive power generated by the inverter device rises, the AC output voltage rises and the inverter device is easily broken. As a result, the DC input power cannot be effectively converted into AC power for power supply, thereby wasting power.
在現有技術中，逆變裝置會設置交流輸出電壓的取樣電路，藉以檢測交流輸出電壓是否異常。然而，在現行的逆變裝置中，取樣電路在取樣交流輸出電壓的電壓值後，都必須輸出至逆變裝置中的微處理器來進行繁複的運算，微處理器才能夠判斷出交流輸出電壓是否發生過壓或欠壓的情形。換言之，微處理器並無法立即偵測出交流輸出電壓發生異常。此外，由於一般的取樣 電路設計都過於複雜，因此會造成逆變裝置整體電路設計的成本提高。 In the prior art, the inverter device sets a sampling circuit for the AC output voltage to detect whether the AC output voltage is abnormal. However, in the current inverter device, after sampling the voltage value of the AC output voltage, the sampling circuit must be output to the microprocessor in the inverter device for complicated operation, and the microprocessor can determine the AC output voltage. Whether there is an overpressure or undervoltage condition. In other words, the microprocessor cannot immediately detect an abnormality in the AC output voltage. In addition, due to the general sampling The circuit design is too complicated, which will result in an increase in the cost of the overall circuit design of the inverter device.
本發明提供一種逆變裝置及應用其之交流電源系統，其可藉由簡單的電路配置實現交流輸出電壓的檢測與保護。 The invention provides an inverter device and an AC power supply system using the same, which can realize detection and protection of an AC output voltage by a simple circuit configuration.
本發明的逆變裝置包括逆變電路、偵測電路以及控制電路。逆變電路接收直流輸入電壓，用以將直流輸入電壓轉換為交流輸出電壓。偵測電路耦接逆變電路，並且用以取樣交流輸出電壓，其中偵測電路分別以第一參考電壓和第二參考電壓與取樣的交流輸出電壓進行比較，藉以產生第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號。控制電路耦接逆變電路與偵測電路，用以控制逆變電路的運作，其中控制電路於每一驅動週期內依據第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號判斷交流輸出電壓的振幅是否位於工作電壓區間，並且依據判斷的結果決定是否啟用過壓保護(over voltage protection)或欠壓保護(under voltage protection)來控制逆變電路的電源轉換。 The inverter device of the present invention includes an inverter circuit, a detection circuit, and a control circuit. The inverter circuit receives a DC input voltage for converting the DC input voltage to an AC output voltage. The detecting circuit is coupled to the inverter circuit and is configured to sample the AC output voltage, wherein the detecting circuit compares the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage with the sampled AC output voltage, respectively, to generate the first indication signal and the second Indication signal. The control circuit is coupled to the inverter circuit and the detection circuit for controlling the operation of the inverter circuit. The control circuit determines whether the amplitude of the AC output voltage is at the working voltage according to the first indication signal and the second indication signal in each driving cycle. The interval, and depending on the result of the judgment, determines whether over voltage protection or under voltage protection is enabled to control the power conversion of the inverter circuit.
在本發明一實施例中，當控制電路依據第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號判斷交流輸出電壓的振幅同時大於第一參考電壓與第二參考電壓時，控制電路啟用過壓保護來控制逆變電路的電源轉換，以及當控制電路依據第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號判斷交流輸出電壓的振幅同時小於第一參考電壓與第二參考電壓時，控制電路啟用欠壓保護來控制逆變電路的電源轉換。 In an embodiment of the invention, when the control circuit determines that the amplitude of the AC output voltage is greater than the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage according to the first indication signal and the second indication signal, the control circuit enables overvoltage protection to control the inverter. The power conversion of the circuit, and when the control circuit determines that the amplitude of the AC output voltage is less than the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage according to the first indication signal and the second indication signal, the control circuit enables the undervoltage protection to control the inverter circuit. Power conversion.
在本發明一實施例中，偵測電路包括振幅調整單元、參考電壓產生單元、第一比較單元以及第二比較單元。振幅調整單元接收交流輸出電壓，並且依據增益調整比例調整交流輸出電壓的振幅，藉以產生關聯於交流輸出電壓的取樣電壓。參考電壓產生單元用以產生第一參考電壓與第二參考電壓。第一比較單元的第一輸入端耦接振幅調整單元以接收取樣電壓，第一比較單元的第二輸入端耦接參考電壓產生單元以接收第一參考電壓，且第一比較單元的輸出端輸出第一指示訊號。第二比較單元的第一輸入端耦接振幅調整單元以接收取樣電壓，第二比較單元的第二輸入端耦接參考電壓產生單元以接收第二參考電壓，且第二比較單元的輸出端輸出第二指示訊號。 In an embodiment of the invention, the detection circuit includes an amplitude adjustment unit, a reference voltage generation unit, a first comparison unit, and a second comparison unit. The amplitude adjustment unit receives the AC output voltage and adjusts the amplitude of the AC output voltage according to the gain adjustment ratio, thereby generating a sampling voltage associated with the AC output voltage. The reference voltage generating unit is configured to generate the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage. The first input end of the first comparison unit is coupled to the amplitude adjustment unit to receive the sampling voltage, the second input end of the first comparison unit is coupled to the reference voltage generation unit to receive the first reference voltage, and the output end of the first comparison unit is output The first indication signal. The first input end of the second comparison unit is coupled to the amplitude adjustment unit to receive the sampling voltage, the second input end of the second comparison unit is coupled to the reference voltage generation unit to receive the second reference voltage, and the output end of the second comparison unit is output The second indication signal.
在本發明一實施例中，控制電路包括交流電壓保護單元、高壓檢測單元、低壓檢測單元以及驅動控制器。交流電壓保護單元用以依據第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號產生過壓保護訊號與欠壓保護訊號。高壓檢測單元耦接交流電壓保護單元，並且接收第一指示訊號，其中高壓檢測單元依據取樣控制訊號決定是否將第一指示訊號提供給交流電壓保護單元。低壓檢測單元耦接交流電壓保護單元，並且接收第二指示訊號，其中低壓檢測單元依據取樣控制訊號決定是否將第二指示訊號提供給交流電壓保護單元。驅動控制器耦接逆變電路與交流電壓保護單元，用以產生驅動控制訊號來控制逆變電路的運作，其中驅動控制器依據過壓保護訊號調整控制訊號，藉以執行過壓保護，並且依據欠壓保護訊 號調整控制訊號，藉以執行欠壓保護。 In an embodiment of the invention, the control circuit includes an AC voltage protection unit, a high voltage detection unit, a low voltage detection unit, and a drive controller. The AC voltage protection unit is configured to generate an overvoltage protection signal and an undervoltage protection signal according to the first indication signal and the second indication signal. The high voltage detecting unit is coupled to the AC voltage protection unit and receives the first indication signal, wherein the high voltage detecting unit determines whether to provide the first indication signal to the AC voltage protection unit according to the sampling control signal. The low voltage detecting unit is coupled to the AC voltage protection unit and receives the second indication signal, wherein the low voltage detecting unit determines whether to provide the second indication signal to the AC voltage protection unit according to the sampling control signal. The driving controller is coupled to the inverter circuit and the AC voltage protection unit for generating a driving control signal to control the operation of the inverter circuit, wherein the driving controller adjusts the control signal according to the overvoltage protection signal, thereby performing overvoltage protection, and Pressure protection The number adjusts the control signal to perform undervoltage protection.
在本發明一實施例中，控制電路更包括致能單元。致能單元耦接高壓檢測單元與低壓檢測單元，並且用以產生取樣控制訊號，其中致能單元於各驅動週期的預設期間內產生致能的取樣控制訊號，藉以令高壓檢測單元與低壓檢測單元反應於致能的取樣控制訊號分別將第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號提供給交流電壓保護單元。 In an embodiment of the invention, the control circuit further includes an enabling unit. The enabling unit is coupled to the high voltage detecting unit and the low voltage detecting unit, and is configured to generate a sampling control signal, wherein the enabling unit generates an enabled sampling control signal during a preset period of each driving cycle, thereby enabling the high voltage detecting unit and the low voltage detecting The unit responds to the enabled sampling control signal to provide the first indication signal and the second indication signal to the AC voltage protection unit.
本發明的交流電源系統包括直流電源產生裝置以及逆變裝置。直流電源產生裝置用以產生直流輸入電壓。逆變裝置耦接直流電源產生裝置，其中逆變裝置包括逆變電路、偵測電路以及控制電路。逆變電路接收直流輸入電壓，用以將直流輸入電壓轉換為交流輸出電壓。偵測電路耦接逆變電路，並且用以取樣交流輸出電壓，其中偵測電路分別以第一參考電壓和第二參考電壓與取樣的交流輸出電壓進行比較，藉以產生第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號。控制電路耦接逆變電路與偵測電路，用以控制逆變電路的運作，其中控制電路於每一驅動週期內依據第一指示訊號與第二指示訊號判斷交流輸出電壓的振幅是否位於工作電壓區間，並且依據判斷的結果決定是否啟用過壓保護或欠壓保護來控制逆變電路的電源轉換。 The AC power supply system of the present invention includes a DC power source generating device and an inverter device. A DC power generating device is used to generate a DC input voltage. The inverter device is coupled to the DC power generating device, wherein the inverter device includes an inverter circuit, a detecting circuit, and a control circuit. The inverter circuit receives a DC input voltage for converting the DC input voltage to an AC output voltage. The detecting circuit is coupled to the inverter circuit and is configured to sample the AC output voltage, wherein the detecting circuit compares the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage with the sampled AC output voltage, respectively, to generate the first indication signal and the second Indication signal. The control circuit is coupled to the inverter circuit and the detection circuit for controlling the operation of the inverter circuit. The control circuit determines whether the amplitude of the AC output voltage is at the working voltage according to the first indication signal and the second indication signal in each driving cycle. The interval, and depending on the result of the judgment, determines whether overvoltage protection or undervoltage protection is enabled to control the power conversion of the inverter circuit.
基於上述，本發明實施例提出一種逆變裝置及應用其之交流電源系統。所述逆變裝置可藉由比較交流輸出電壓的振幅與參考電壓，藉以根據比較結果產生多個指示訊號，再依據所產生 的指示訊號的邏輯組合來判定出當前的交流輸出電壓是否有過電壓或欠壓的情形發生，因此本發明實施例的逆變裝置並不需要進行複雜的運算，並且可快速地判斷出交流輸出電壓是否發生異常。此外，所述可指示交流輸出電壓的振幅的指示訊號可藉由以比較器所組成之相對單純的電路架構來實現，因此對整體電路設計成本而言並不會造成額外的負擔。 Based on the above, an embodiment of the present invention provides an inverter device and an AC power supply system using the same. The inverter device can generate a plurality of indication signals according to the comparison result by comparing the amplitude of the AC output voltage with the reference voltage, and then generating the The logical combination of the indication signals determines whether the current AC output voltage has an overvoltage or undervoltage condition. Therefore, the inverter device of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to perform complicated calculations, and can quickly determine the AC output. Whether the voltage is abnormal. In addition, the indication signal indicating the amplitude of the AC output voltage can be realized by a relatively simple circuit architecture composed of comparators, and thus does not impose an additional burden on the overall circuit design cost.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。 The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
10‧‧‧交流電源系統 10‧‧‧AC power system
50‧‧‧直流電源產生裝置 50‧‧‧DC power generation device
100‧‧‧逆變裝置 100‧‧‧Inverter
110‧‧‧逆變電路 110‧‧‧Inverter circuit
120‧‧‧偵測電路 120‧‧‧Detection circuit
122‧‧‧振幅調整單元 122‧‧‧Amplitude adjustment unit
124‧‧‧參考電壓產生單元 124‧‧‧reference voltage generating unit
126‧‧‧第一比較單元 126‧‧‧ first comparison unit
128‧‧‧第二比較單元 128‧‧‧Second comparison unit
130‧‧‧控制電路 130‧‧‧Control circuit
131‧‧‧交流電壓保護單元 131‧‧‧AC voltage protection unit
132‧‧‧高壓檢測單元 132‧‧‧High voltage detection unit
133‧‧‧低壓檢測單元 133‧‧‧Low-voltage detection unit
134‧‧‧驅動控制器 134‧‧‧ drive controller
135‧‧‧致能單元 135‧‧‧Enable unit
EG‧‧‧電網 EG‧‧‧ grid
GND‧‧‧接地端 GND‧‧‧ ground terminal
GR‧‧‧增益調整比例 GR‧‧‧ Gain adjustment ratio
N1、N2‧‧‧節點 N1, N2‧‧‧ nodes
PVm‧‧‧光伏組件 PVm‧‧‧PV modules
R1、R2、R3‧‧‧電阻 R1, R2, R3‧‧‧ resistance
Sc‧‧‧驅動控制訊號 Sc‧‧‧ drive control signal
Sen‧‧‧取樣控制訊號 Sen‧‧‧Sampling Control Signal
Si1‧‧‧第一指示訊號 Si1‧‧‧ first indication signal
Si2‧‧‧第二指示訊號 Si2‧‧‧ second indication signal
Sovp‧‧‧過壓保護訊號 Sovp‧‧‧Overvoltage protection signal
Suvp‧‧‧欠壓保護訊號 Suvp‧‧‧ undervoltage protection signal
VREF1‧‧‧第一參考電壓 VREF1‧‧‧ first reference voltage
VREF2‧‧‧第二參考電壓 VREF2‧‧‧second reference voltage
Vout‧‧‧交流輸出電壓 Vout‧‧‧AC output voltage
Vin‧‧‧直流輸入電壓 Vin‧‧‧DC input voltage
Vs‧‧‧取樣電壓 Vs‧‧ ‧ sampling voltage
VCC‧‧‧電源電壓 VCC‧‧‧Power supply voltage
圖1為本發明一實施例的交流電源系統的示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2為本發明一實施例的逆變裝置的示意圖。 2 is a schematic diagram of an inverter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖3為本發明一實施例的偵測電路的示意圖。 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
圖4為本發明一實施例的控制電路的示意圖。 4 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
為了使本揭露之內容可以被更容易明瞭，以下特舉實施例做為本揭露確實能夠據以實施的範例。另外，凡可能之處，在圖式及實施方式中使用相同標號的元件/構件/步驟，係代表相同或類似部件。 In order to make the disclosure of the present disclosure easier to understand, the following specific embodiments are examples of the disclosure that can be implemented. In addition, wherever possible, the same elements, components, and steps in the drawings and embodiments are used to represent the same or similar components.
圖1為本發明一實施例的交流電源系統的示意圖。請參 照圖1，在本實施例中，交流電源系統10包括直流電源產生裝置50以及逆變裝置100。於此，所述交流電源系統10是以光伏並網系統為例，故所述直流電源產生裝置50可例如為光伏組件(photovoltaic module)PVm(但不僅限於此)。所述光伏組件PVm可用以將太陽能轉換為電能形式的直流輸入電壓Vin。值得一提的是，所述交流電源系統10並不僅限於以光伏並網系統實現，其也可以是風力並網系統或其他再生能源的並網系統，或是不斷電系統(UPS)或大型備用電源系統(Back-up Power System，BPS)等非並網系統。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Please refer to Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the AC power supply system 10 includes a DC power source generating device 50 and an inverter device 100. Here, the AC power system 10 is exemplified by a photovoltaic grid-connected system, so the DC power generating device 50 can be, for example, a photovoltaic module PVm (but not limited thereto). The photovoltaic module PVm can be used to convert solar energy into a direct current input voltage Vin in the form of electrical energy. It is worth mentioning that the AC power system 10 is not limited to being implemented by a photovoltaic grid-connected system, and may also be a grid-connected system of a wind-connected system or other renewable energy, or an uninterruptible power system (UPS) or a large-scale system. Non-grid systems such as Back-up Power System (BPS).
逆變裝置100接收直流電源產生裝置50所輸出的直流輸入電壓Vin，並且據以產生交流輸出電壓Vout給後端並接的電網EG。其中，所述逆變裝置100可藉由簡單的電路架構快速的偵測到輸出至電網EG的交流輸出電壓Vout是否異常，藉以即時地啟用保護機制來調節逆變裝置100的運作。 The inverter device 100 receives the DC input voltage Vin output from the DC power generating device 50, and accordingly generates an AC output voltage Vout to the back-end paralleled power grid EG. The inverter device 100 can quickly detect whether the AC output voltage Vout output to the grid EG is abnormal by a simple circuit structure, so as to instantly activate the protection mechanism to adjust the operation of the inverter device 100.
底下搭配圖2來說明本發明實施例的逆變裝置100的具體架構。其中，圖2為本發明一實施例的逆變裝置的示意圖。 The specific structure of the inverter device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an inverter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
請同時參照圖1與圖2，本實施例的逆變裝置100包括逆變電路110、偵測電路120以及控制電路130。逆變電路110會從直流電源產生裝置50接收直流輸入電壓Vin，並且用以將直流輸入電壓Vin轉換為交流輸出電壓Vout。其中，所述逆變電路110的電路組態可例如為半橋非對稱式、半橋對稱式、全橋式或其他可行的逆變電路組態，本發明不對此加以限制。 Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 simultaneously, the inverter device 100 of the present embodiment includes an inverter circuit 110, a detection circuit 120, and a control circuit 130. The inverter circuit 110 receives the DC input voltage Vin from the DC power generating device 50 and converts the DC input voltage Vin into an AC output voltage Vout. The circuit configuration of the inverter circuit 110 can be, for example, a half bridge asymmetric, a half bridge symmetric, a full bridge or other feasible inverter circuit configuration, which is not limited by the present invention.
偵測電路120耦接逆變電路110，並且用以取樣交流輸出電壓Vout。在本實施例中，偵測電路120會分別以第一參考電壓VREF1和第二參考電壓VREF2與取樣的交流輸出電壓Vout進行比較，藉以產生第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2。 The detecting circuit 120 is coupled to the inverter circuit 110 and is configured to sample the AC output voltage Vout. In this embodiment, the detecting circuit 120 compares the first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2 with the sampled AC output voltage Vout, respectively, to generate the first indicator signal Si1 and the second indicator signal Si2.
控制電路130耦接逆變電路110與偵測電路120，用以提供一控制訊號Sc來控制逆變電路110的電源轉換運作，所述控制訊號Sc可例如為用以控制逆變電路110的切換週期的一脈寬調變訊號(PWM signal)，但本發明不以此為限。 The control circuit 130 is coupled to the inverter circuit 110 and the detection circuit 120 for providing a control signal Sc for controlling the power conversion operation of the inverter circuit 110. The control signal Sc can be, for example, used to control the switching of the inverter circuit 110. A pulse width modulation signal (PWM signal), but the invention is not limited thereto.
在本實施例中，控制電路130會接收偵測電路120所產生的第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2，並且於每一驅動週期內依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2判斷交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅是否位於工作電壓區間內，再依據判斷的結果決定是否啟用過壓保護(over voltage protection)或欠壓保護(under voltage protection)來控制逆變電路110的電源轉換，藉以令交流輸出電壓Vout回到正常的工作電壓區間內，或是停止逆變電路110的運作。 In this embodiment, the control circuit 130 receives the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 generated by the detection circuit 120, and judges according to the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 in each driving cycle. Whether the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout is within the working voltage interval, and then determining whether to enable over voltage protection or under voltage protection to control the power conversion of the inverter circuit 110 according to the result of the judgment, thereby The AC output voltage Vout returns to the normal operating voltage range or stops the operation of the inverter circuit 110.
詳細而言，所述工作電壓區間係依據設定的第一參考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2所定義。在本實施例中，當控制電路130依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2判斷交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅同時大於第一參考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2時，控制電路130會依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2判定此時的逆變電路110發生過壓的情形，因此控制電路 130此時會啟用過壓保護來控制逆變電路110的電源轉換。舉例來說，控制電路130可在判定逆變電路110發生過壓時，停止輸出控制訊號Sc，直到交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅回到工作電壓區間內時，才將控制訊號Sc恢復正常輸出。 In detail, the operating voltage interval is defined according to the set first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2. In this embodiment, when the control circuit 130 determines that the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout is greater than the first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2 according to the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2, the control circuit 130 according to the first An indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 determine that the inverter circuit 110 is overvoltaged at this time, and thus the control circuit 130 At this time, overvoltage protection is enabled to control the power conversion of the inverter circuit 110. For example, when it is determined that the inverter circuit 110 is overvoltage, the control circuit 130 stops outputting the control signal Sc until the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout returns to the operating voltage interval, and then returns the control signal Sc to the normal output.
另一方面，當控制電路130依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2判斷交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅同時小於第一參考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2時，控制電路130會依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2判定此時的逆變電路110發生欠壓的情形，因此控制電路130此時會啟用欠壓保護來控制逆變電路110的電源轉換。舉例來說，控制電路130可在判定逆變電路110發生欠壓時，調降控制訊號Sc的頻率及責任週期，藉以限制逆變電路110的輸出功率，直到交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅回到工作電壓區間內時，才將控制訊號Sc恢復正常輸出。 On the other hand, when the control circuit 130 determines that the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout is smaller than the first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2 according to the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2, the control circuit 130 according to the first indication The signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 determine that the inverter circuit 110 is under voltage at this time, and therefore the control circuit 130 activates the undervoltage protection to control the power conversion of the inverter circuit 110. For example, when determining that the inverter circuit 110 is under voltage, the control circuit 130 can reduce the frequency and duty cycle of the control signal Sc, thereby limiting the output power of the inverter circuit 110 until the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout returns to work. When the voltage range is within, the control signal Sc is restored to the normal output.
相較於傳統的逆變裝置需藉由控制電路依據交流輸出電壓來計算出是否發生過電壓或欠壓的狀況，本發明實施例的控制電路130可簡單地依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2的邏輯組合即可判定出當前的交流輸出電壓Vout是否有過電壓或欠壓的情形發生，因此本發明實施例的控制電路130並不需要進行複雜的運算，並且可快速地判斷出交流輸出電壓Vout是否發生異常。此外，本發明實施例的偵測電路120可藉由以比較器所組成之相對單純的電路架構，即可實現交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅指示，因此對整體電路設計成本而言並不會造成額外的負擔。 Compared with the conventional inverter device, the control circuit 130 can be used to calculate whether an overvoltage or an undervoltage occurs according to the AC output voltage. The control circuit 130 of the embodiment of the present invention can simply rely on the first indication signal Si1 and the second. The logic combination of the indication signal Si2 can determine whether the current AC output voltage Vout has an overvoltage or undervoltage condition. Therefore, the control circuit 130 of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to perform complicated operations, and can quickly determine Whether the AC output voltage Vout is abnormal. In addition, the detection circuit 120 of the embodiment of the present invention can realize the amplitude indication of the AC output voltage Vout by using a relatively simple circuit structure composed of comparators, so that the overall circuit design cost does not cause additional The burden.
底下以圖3與圖4來說明本發明實施例的偵測電路120與控制電路130的架構。其中，圖3為本發明一實施例的偵測電路的示意圖。圖4為本發明一實施例的控制電路的示意圖。 The architecture of the detection circuit 120 and the control circuit 130 of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
請先參照圖3，在本實施例中，偵測電路120包括振幅調整單元122、參考電壓產生單元124、第一比較單元126以及第二比較單元128。振幅調整單元122接收交流輸出電壓Vout，並且依據增益調整比例GR調整交流輸出電壓Vout的振幅，藉以產生關聯於交流輸出電壓Vout的取樣電壓Vs。其中，增益調整比例GR可由控制電路130輸出一增益調整訊號來產生，或是振幅調整單元122由一分壓電路來實現，所述分壓電路可例如為兩個相互串聯的電阻，透過兩個電阻對電源電壓Vout進行分壓，而可在兩電阻之間的節點上建立取樣電壓Vs。其中，交流輸出電壓Vout與取樣電壓Vs例如具有倍數關係，且其倍數是由增益調整比例GR所決定。舉例來說，振幅調整單元122可依據增益調整比例GR而產生振幅為交流輸出電壓Vout的一半的取樣電壓Vs，本發明不以此為限。 Referring to FIG. 3 , in the embodiment, the detecting circuit 120 includes an amplitude adjusting unit 122 , a reference voltage generating unit 124 , a first comparing unit 126 , and a second comparing unit 128 . The amplitude adjustment unit 122 receives the AC output voltage Vout, and adjusts the amplitude of the AC output voltage Vout according to the gain adjustment ratio GR, thereby generating a sampling voltage Vs associated with the AC output voltage Vout. The gain adjustment ratio GR may be generated by the control circuit 130 outputting a gain adjustment signal, or the amplitude adjustment unit 122 may be implemented by a voltage divider circuit, which may be, for example, two resistors connected in series. Two resistors divide the supply voltage Vout, and a sampling voltage Vs can be established at the node between the two resistors. The AC output voltage Vout has a multiple relationship with the sampling voltage Vs, for example, and the multiple is determined by the gain adjustment ratio GR. For example, the amplitude adjustment unit 122 can generate the sampling voltage Vs whose amplitude is half of the AC output voltage Vout according to the gain adjustment ratio GR, which is not limited thereto.
參考電壓產生單元124用以產生第一參考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2。其中，所述參考電壓產生單元124可例如以相互串聯的電阻R1、R2及R3來實現。更具體地說，電阻R1~R3是耦接在電源電壓VCC(可例如為根據交流輸出電壓Vout所產生的直流電壓)與接地端GND之間的電阻串。透過電阻R1~R3對電源電壓VCC進行分壓，可在節點N1與N2上分別建立第一參 考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2。換言之，所述第一參考電壓VREF1與第二參考電壓VREF2的大小可依據電阻R1~R3的電阻值設定而改變，並且第一參考電壓VREF1會大於第二參考電壓VREF2。 The reference voltage generating unit 124 is configured to generate the first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2. The reference voltage generating unit 124 can be implemented, for example, by resistors R1, R2, and R3 connected in series with each other. More specifically, the resistors R1 to R3 are resistor strings coupled between the power supply voltage VCC (which may be, for example, a DC voltage generated according to the AC output voltage Vout) and the ground GND. By dividing the power supply voltage VCC through the resistors R1~R3, the first parameter can be established on the nodes N1 and N2 respectively. Test voltage VREF1 and second reference voltage VREF2. In other words, the magnitudes of the first reference voltage VREF1 and the second reference voltage VREF2 may be changed according to the resistance value setting of the resistors R1 R R3, and the first reference voltage VREF1 may be greater than the second reference voltage VREF2.
第一比較單元126的第一輸入端(例如為正輸入端)耦接振幅調整單元122以接收取樣電壓Vs。第一比較單元126的第二輸入端(例如為負輸入端)耦接參考電壓產生單元124的節點N1以接收第一參考電壓VREF1。第一比較單元126的輸出端會根據取樣電壓Vs與第一參考電壓VREF1的比較結果輸出第一指示訊號Si1。舉例來說，當取樣電壓Vs在特定時間點下的電壓擺幅大於第一參考電壓VREF1時，第一比較單元126會產生致能的第一指示訊號Si1(例如為邏輯1)。相反地，當取樣電壓Vs在特定時間點下的電壓擺幅小於第一參考電壓VREF1時，第一比較單元126則會產生禁能的第一指示訊號Si1(例如為邏輯0)。 The first input terminal (eg, the positive input terminal) of the first comparison unit 126 is coupled to the amplitude adjustment unit 122 to receive the sampling voltage Vs. The second input terminal (eg, the negative input terminal) of the first comparison unit 126 is coupled to the node N1 of the reference voltage generating unit 124 to receive the first reference voltage VREF1. The output of the first comparison unit 126 outputs the first indication signal Si1 according to the comparison result of the sampling voltage Vs and the first reference voltage VREF1. For example, when the voltage swing of the sampling voltage Vs at a specific time point is greater than the first reference voltage VREF1, the first comparison unit 126 generates an enabled first indication signal Si1 (eg, logic 1). Conversely, when the voltage swing of the sampling voltage Vs at a specific time point is less than the first reference voltage VREF1, the first comparison unit 126 generates the disabled first indication signal Si1 (eg, logic 0).
第二比較單元128的第一輸入端(例如為正輸入端)耦接振幅調整單元122以接收取樣電壓Vs。第二比較單元128的第二輸入端(例如為負輸入端)耦接參考電壓產生單元124的節點N2以接收第二參考電壓VREF2。第二比較單元128的輸出端會根據取樣電壓Vs與第二參考電壓VREF2的比較結果輸出第二指示訊號Si2。舉例來說，當取樣電壓Vs在特定時間點下的電壓擺幅大於第二參考電壓VREF2時，第二比較單元128會產生致能的第二指示訊號Si2(例如為邏輯1)。相反地，當取樣電壓Vs在特定 時間點下的電壓擺幅小於第二參考電壓VREF2時，第二比較單元128則會產生禁能的第二指示訊號Si2(例如為邏輯0)。 The first input terminal (eg, the positive input terminal) of the second comparison unit 128 is coupled to the amplitude adjustment unit 122 to receive the sampling voltage Vs. The second input terminal (eg, the negative input terminal) of the second comparison unit 128 is coupled to the node N2 of the reference voltage generating unit 124 to receive the second reference voltage VREF2. The output of the second comparison unit 128 outputs a second indication signal Si2 according to the comparison result of the sampling voltage Vs and the second reference voltage VREF2. For example, when the voltage swing of the sampling voltage Vs at a specific time point is greater than the second reference voltage VREF2, the second comparison unit 128 generates an enabled second indication signal Si2 (eg, logic 1). Conversely, when the sampling voltage Vs is specific When the voltage swing at the time point is less than the second reference voltage VREF2, the second comparison unit 128 generates a disable second indication signal Si2 (eg, logic 0).
請接著參照圖4，在本實施例中，控制電路130包括交流電壓保護單元131、高壓檢測單元132、低壓檢測單元133、驅動控制器134以及致能單元135。交流電壓保護單元131用以依據第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2產生過壓保護訊號Sovp與欠壓保護訊號Suvp。其中，第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2的邏輯組合及所代表的偵測結果如下表(一)所示：
當交流電壓保護單元131接收到同時為致能/邏輯1的第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2時，會判定逆變電路110發生過壓，並且產生過壓保護訊號Sovp。另一方面，當交流電壓保護單元131接收到同時為禁能/邏輯0的第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2時，會判定逆變電路110發生欠壓，並且產生欠壓保護訊號Suvp。另外，若交流電壓保護單元131接收到的第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2分別為致能/邏輯1與禁能/邏輯0，則表示交流輸出電壓Vout位於正常的工作電壓區間內，因此不產生指示過壓或欠壓的過壓保護訊號Sovp/欠壓保護訊號Suvp。 When the AC voltage protection unit 131 receives the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 which are simultaneously enabled/logic 1, it is determined that the inverter circuit 110 is overvoltaged, and the overvoltage protection signal Sovp is generated. On the other hand, when the AC voltage protection unit 131 receives the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 that are simultaneously disabled/logic 0, it is determined that the inverter circuit 110 is undervoltage and generates an undervoltage protection signal Suvp. . In addition, if the first indication signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 received by the AC voltage protection unit 131 are enable/logic 1 and disable/logic 0, respectively, it indicates that the AC output voltage Vout is within the normal operating voltage interval. Therefore, the overvoltage protection signal Sovp/undervoltage protection signal Suvp indicating overvoltage or undervoltage is not generated.
高壓檢測單元132耦接交流電壓保護單元131，並且接收 第一指示訊號Si1。高壓檢測單元132會依據所接收的取樣控制訊號Sen(由致能單元135所發出)決定是否將第一指示訊號Si1提供給交流電壓保護單元131。低壓檢測單元133耦接交流電壓保護單元131，並且接收第二指示訊號Si2。低壓檢測單元133同樣會依據所接收的取樣控制訊號Sen決定是否將第二指示訊號Si2提供給交流電壓保護單元131。 The high voltage detecting unit 132 is coupled to the alternating voltage protection unit 131 and receives The first indication signal Si1. The high voltage detecting unit 132 determines whether to provide the first indication signal Si1 to the AC voltage protection unit 131 according to the received sampling control signal Sen (issued by the enabling unit 135). The low voltage detecting unit 133 is coupled to the AC voltage protection unit 131 and receives the second indication signal Si2. The low voltage detecting unit 133 also determines whether to provide the second indication signal Si2 to the AC voltage protection unit 131 according to the received sampling control signal Sen.
具體而言，致能單元135會耦接高壓檢測單元132與低壓檢測單元133，藉以產生取樣控制訊號Sen並提供給高壓檢測單元132與低壓檢測單元133。其中，致能單元135會於各個驅動週期的預設期間內產生致能的取樣控制訊號Sen，藉以令高壓檢測單元132與低壓檢測單元133反應於致能的取樣控制訊號Sen分別將第一指示訊號Si1與第二指示訊號Si2提供給交流電壓保護單元131。舉例來說，所述預設期間可例如為交流輸出電壓Vout/取樣電壓Vs的相位為0~180度的期間(即，正半週的期間)，或者相位為80~100度的期間(即，振幅趨近於峰值的期間)。如此一來，便可避免交流電壓保護單元131因為電壓雜訊而發生誤判的可能性。但應注意的是，所述預設期間的設定端視設計者的需求而定，本發明不以此為限。 Specifically, the enabling unit 135 is coupled to the high voltage detecting unit 132 and the low voltage detecting unit 133 to generate the sampling control signal Sen and provide the high voltage detecting unit 132 and the low voltage detecting unit 133. The enabling unit 135 generates an enabled sampling control signal Sen during a preset period of each driving cycle, so that the high voltage detecting unit 132 and the low voltage detecting unit 133 react to the enabled sampling control signal Sen to respectively indicate the first indication. The signal Si1 and the second indication signal Si2 are supplied to the AC voltage protection unit 131. For example, the preset period may be, for example, a period in which the phase of the AC output voltage Vout/sampling voltage Vs is 0 to 180 degrees (that is, a period of a positive half cycle), or a period in which the phase is 80 to 100 degrees (ie, , the amplitude approaches the period of the peak). In this way, the possibility that the AC voltage protection unit 131 is misjudged due to voltage noise can be avoided. It should be noted, however, that the setting end of the preset period depends on the needs of the designer, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
驅動控制器134耦接逆變電路110與交流電壓保護單元131。驅動控制器134是用以產生驅動控制訊號Sc來控制逆變電路110的運作，其中驅動控制器134會依據過壓保護訊號Sovp調整控制訊號Sc，藉以執行過壓保護(例如降低控制訊號Sc的頻率 及/或責任週期)。此外，驅動控制器134還會依據欠壓保護訊號Suvp調整驅動控制訊號Sc，藉以執行欠壓保護(例如停止提供控制訊號Sc)。 The driving controller 134 is coupled to the inverter circuit 110 and the AC voltage protection unit 131. The driving controller 134 is configured to generate the driving control signal Sc to control the operation of the inverter circuit 110. The driving controller 134 adjusts the control signal Sc according to the overvoltage protection signal Sovp to perform overvoltage protection (for example, reducing the control signal Sc). frequency And / or responsibility cycle). In addition, the drive controller 134 also adjusts the drive control signal Sc according to the undervoltage protection signal Suvp, thereby performing undervoltage protection (eg, stopping providing the control signal Sc).
綜上所述，本發明實施例提出一種逆變裝置及應用其之交流電源系統。所述逆變裝置可藉由比較交流輸出電壓的振幅與參考電壓，藉以根據比較結果產生多個指示訊號，再依據所產生的指示訊號的邏輯組合來判定出當前的交流輸出電壓是否有過電壓或欠壓的情形發生，因此本發明實施例的逆變裝置並不需要進行複雜的運算，並且可快速地判斷出交流輸出電壓是否發生異常。此外，所述可指示交流輸出電壓的振幅的指示訊號可藉由以比較器所組成之相對單純的電路架構來實現，因此對整體電路設計成本而言並不會造成額外的負擔。 In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides an inverter device and an AC power supply system using the same. The inverter device can compare the amplitude of the AC output voltage with the reference voltage, thereby generating a plurality of indication signals according to the comparison result, and determining whether the current AC output voltage has an overvoltage according to the logical combination of the generated indication signals. The undervoltage condition occurs, so that the inverter device of the embodiment of the present invention does not need to perform complicated calculations, and can quickly determine whether an abnormality occurs in the AC output voltage. In addition, the indication signal indicating the amplitude of the AC output voltage can be realized by a relatively simple circuit architecture composed of comparators, and thus does not impose an additional burden on the overall circuit design cost.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
100‧‧‧逆變裝置 100‧‧‧Inverter
110‧‧‧逆變電路 110‧‧‧Inverter circuit
120‧‧‧偵測電路 120‧‧‧Detection circuit
130‧‧‧控制電路 130‧‧‧Control circuit
Si1‧‧‧第一指示訊號 Si1‧‧‧ first indication signal
Si2‧‧‧第二指示訊號 Si2‧‧‧ second indication signal
Sc‧‧‧驅動控制訊號 Sc‧‧‧ drive control signal
VREF1‧‧‧第一參考電壓 VREF1‧‧‧ first reference voltage
VREF2‧‧‧第二參考電壓 VREF2‧‧‧second reference voltage
Vout‧‧‧交流輸出電壓 Vout‧‧‧AC output voltage
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