CN102611141A - MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and method of photovoltaic inverter based on perturbation method - Google Patents
MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and method of photovoltaic inverter based on perturbation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102611141A CN102611141A CN2012100919657A CN201210091965A CN102611141A CN 102611141 A CN102611141 A CN 102611141A CN 2012100919657 A CN2012100919657 A CN 2012100919657A CN 201210091965 A CN201210091965 A CN 201210091965A CN 102611141 A CN102611141 A CN 102611141A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control device and method of a photovoltaic inverter based on perturbation method. The device comprises a DC (direct current) voltage-current detection circuit, a drive circuit, an AC (alternating current) current sampling circuit, a grid voltage sampling circuit and a DSP (digital signal processor). The method is an improvement based on the normal perturbation method, and comprises calculating a proper step length by using PID (proportion integration differentiation) control, wherein the calculated step length has a larger value when the currently tracked point is away from the maximum power point, or has a smaller value when the currently tracked point is near the maximum power point. By improving the perturbation method, the method provided by the invention can overcome the disadvantages of the existing perturbation method, and can improve the MPP (maximum power point) tracking efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of MPPT control device and method that is used for solar photovoltaic generation system, particularly a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device and method based on method of perturbation belong to the MPPT maximum power point tracking technical field of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter.
Background technology
Solar photovoltaic technology is to be the technology of electric power with inexhaustible conversion of solar energy, by people's acceptance gradually and application widely.Yet want to let the photovoltaic power generation technology extensive use also relatively more difficult now, wherein most important reason is exactly that the solar cell transformation efficiency is lower, causes the photovoltaic generation cost higher.The MPPT control algolithm is exactly in order more fully to use solar cell, to improve the battery utilization ratio.Existing MPPT algorithm commonly used is a method of perturbation, though method of perturbation uses easily, 2 shortcomings are also arranged: the first can let photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter about the MPP point, shake, thereby causes energy loss, reduces the efficient of solar cell; It two is that the disturbance step-length of common method of perturbation is difficult to confirm, increases the degree of concussion if step-length is too big, can increase the time that MPP is ordered of seeking if step-length is too small.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: to the problems and shortcomings that prior art exists, in order to improve the service efficiency of solar cell, the present invention provides a kind of more efficient, stable MPPT control device and method based on method of perturbation.
Technical scheme: a kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device based on method of perturbation; Be used for the maximum power point of tracking solar battery component at solar photovoltaic generation system, comprise dc voltage and current testing circuit, drive circuit, alternating current sample circuit, line voltage sample circuit and dsp processor; Said dc voltage and current testing circuit links to each other with the dc output end of solar photovoltaic assembly; The output of the input termination solar inverter of said alternating current sample circuit; The single-phase input of the input termination utility network of said line voltage sample circuit; The control end of each switch in the output termination photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of said drive circuit; Said dsp processor is the dsp processor based on the MPPT algorithm; And comprise AD module and PWM output module; The output of dc voltage and current testing circuit, alternating current sample circuit and line voltage sample circuit and the AD input of dsp processor link to each other, and the PWM output of dsp processor links to each other with the drive circuit input.
A kind of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control method based on method of perturbation comprises the steps:
At first, with the detected direct voltage of dc voltage and current testing circuit and direct current, alternating current sample circuit detect alternating current, the line voltage sample circuit detects alternating voltage and changes into digital signal through the AD module of dsp processor respectively;
Secondly, dsp processor calculates said digital signal through MPPT algorithm and SPWM algorithm, and result of calculation is controlled the switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter through the PWM output module, makes whole photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to turn round normally; Wherein, dsp processor is following through the method that the duty cycle of switching in the MPPT algorithm controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter carries out disturbance:
In the step 301; Photovoltaic generating system initiation parameter according to practical application; Said parameter comprises proportionality coefficient Kp; System parameters Ks; Integration time constant T; Derivative time constant Td; Minimum error values
; Go out the coefficient in the PID control expression formula according to said calculation of parameter then
a0=Ks*Kp*(1+T/Ti+Td/T)，a1=-Ks*Kp*(1+2*Td/T)，a2=Ks*Kp*Td/T；
In the step 302; The dc voltage and current testing circuit is transferred to dsp processor with the VD of detected solar module and the average anode current of solar module; And change into digital signal through the AD module of dsp processor; Obtain the VD value U (k) and the average anode current value I (k) of solar module; Wherein (k and I (k) are illustrated respectively in the VD value and the average anode current value of carrying out reading in the MPPT control the k time to U, and utilize formula P (k)=U (k) * I (k) to calculate the input power of solar module;
In the step 303, according to P (k-1) and U (k-1) the computing system deviation
in P (k), U (k) and the last PID control;
In the step 304; Whether the absolute value
of judging system deviation is less than minimum error values
; if
; Explain that this moment, solar module was operated in maximum power point; Need not carry out disturbance, skip to step 307 then the duty cycle of switching in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; if
; Explain that then solar module also is not operated in maximum power point; Need carry out disturbance; Calculate corresponding disturbed value; Final result of calculation d disturbed value for this reason adds the result that the SPWM algorithm computation goes out, and dsp processor sends the signal of in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter each switch through the PWM output module to drive circuit according to final result, gets into step 305;
In the step 305, according to the PID control expression formula that combines photovoltaic generating system
Calculate the disturbed value
of this PID control; A0 wherein, a1, a2, Ks, Kp, T, Td set in step 301 and finish; The disturbed value
that calculates through PID control expression formula has individual characteristics; When the solar module working point is far away apart from maximum power point;
is just big more; When the solar module working point was nearer apart from maximum power point,
was just more little;
In the step 306; For PID control is next time prepared; Be provided with
and
,
;
skips to step 308 then;
In the step 307, be provided with
;
In the step 308; Come according to
; Calculate final result d; The PWM output module of dsp processor sends the signal that the duty cycle of switching in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is carried out disturbance to drive circuit, and this time flow process finishes.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device based on method of perturbation provided by the invention is simpler and easy, and it is lower to use cost.The improvement that is based on method of perturbation based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control method of method of perturbation provided by the invention; In conjunction with the control expression formula in the pid algorithm; And be parameter with the slope dP/dU in the performance diagram of solar cell; Calculate suitable disturbance step-length, reach near the effect of not having concussion of quick tracking MPP point and MPP point, and increased the service efficiency of solar cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle framework figure based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device of method of perturbation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the P-U curve chart of the solar module output of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is
– U curve charts of the solar module output of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control method of method of perturbation of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment; Further illustrate the present invention; Should understand these embodiment only be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention; After having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's accompanying claims institute restricted portion to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, comprise dc voltage and current testing circuit 11, drive circuit 12, alternating current sample circuit 13, line voltage sample circuit 14 and dsp processor 15 based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device of method of perturbation.Dsp processor 15 comprises AD conversion module and PWM output module, and the DSPIC33FJ16GS502 that for example can select Microchip is as dsp processor 15.
Wherein, dc voltage and current testing circuit 11 links to each other with the dc output end of solar photovoltaic assembly; The output of the input termination solar inverter of said alternating current sample circuit 13; The single-phase input of the input termination utility network of line voltage sample circuit 14; The control end of each switch in the output termination photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of drive circuit 12; Dsp processor 15 is the dsp processor 15 based on the MPPT algorithm; The output of dc voltage and current testing circuit 11, alternating current sample circuit 13 and line voltage sample circuit 14 links to each other with the AD input of dsp processor 15, and the PWM output of dsp processor 15 links to each other with the drive circuit input.
Current detection circuit 11 detected Udc and Idc, alternating current sample circuit 13 detect Iac, line voltage sample circuit 14 and detect the module of Uac through the AD of DPS processor 15 and change into digital signal; DPS processor 15 utilizes these data to go out the result through the switch in the PWM output module control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter through the algorithm computation of MPPT algorithm and SPWM, makes whole photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to turn round normally.
As shown in Figure 2; Curve is the output voltage U of photovoltaic array and the relation of power output P among the figure; When the external condition except that load (light intensity, ambient temperature etc.) is constant; Solar module has individual maximum power point (mpp) (MPP point), and when other external conditions changed, the MPP point of assembly also changed thereupon.
As shown in Figure 3; Curve is the relation of slope (
) and output voltage U in the characteristic of solar cell curve among the figure; When reaching the MPP point; The characteristic slope of solar module is 0, i.e.
.The maximal power tracing algorithm lets solar cell output maintain maximum power point (mpp) exactly; When external adjustment changes; The MPPT algorithm can in time be made reflection, and adjustment apace, makes solar cell output still maintain maximum power point (mpp).
As shown in Figure 4; Be based on the improvement of method of perturbation based on the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control method of method of perturbation; In conjunction with the control expression formula in the pid algorithm, and be parameter, calculate suitable disturbance step-length with the slope dP/dU in the performance diagram (like Fig. 1) of solar cell; Do not have the effect of concussion near reaching quick tracking MPP point and MPP point, and increased the service efficiency of solar cell.Describe the flow process of algorithm of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 3:
At first, with dc voltage and current testing circuit 11 detected direct voltage Udc and direct current Idc, alternating current sample circuit detect alternating current Iac, the line voltage sample circuit detects alternating voltage Uac and changes into digital signal through the AD module of dsp processor 15 respectively;
Secondly, dsp processor 15 calculates said digital signal through MPPT algorithm and SPWM algorithm, and result of calculation is controlled the switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter through the PWM output module, makes whole photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to turn round normally; Wherein, dsp processor 14 is following through the method that the duty cycle of switching in the MPPT algorithm controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter carries out disturbance:
In the step 301; According to the photovoltaic generating system initialization of practical application some parameters; These parameters comprise proportionality coefficient Kp, system parameters Ks, integration time constant T, derivative time constant Td; Minimum error values
goes out the coefficient in the PID control expression formula according to these calculation of parameter then:
a0=Ks*Kp*(1+T/Ti+Td/T)；a1=-Ks*Kp*(1+2*Td/T)；a2=Ks*Kp*Td/T。
In the step 302; Begin to get into formal MPPT control; At first dsp processor 15 from dc voltage and current testing circuit 11, read solar module VD and electric current; And change into digital signal VD U (k) and average anode current I (k), and calculate input power P (k)=U (k) the * I (k) of solar module through the AD module.
In the step 303, according to the computing system deviation
of P (k-1), U (K-1) in P (k), U (K) and the last PID control.
In the step 304; Whether the absolute value
of judging system deviation is less than minimum error values
; if
; Explain that this moment, solar module was operated in maximum power point; Need not carry out disturbance, skip to step 307 then; if
; Explain that then solar module also is not operated in maximum power point; Need carry out disturbance, get into step 305.
In the step 305, according to the PID control expression formula that combines photovoltaic generating system
Calculate the disturbed value
of this PID control; A0 wherein, a1, a2, Ks, Kp, T, Td set in step 301 and finish; The disturbed value
that calculates through PID control expression formula has individual characteristics; When the solar module working point is far away apart from maximum power point;
is just big more; When the solar module working point was nearer apart from maximum power point,
was just more little.
In the step 306; For PID control is next time prepared; Be provided with
and
,
;
skips to step 308 then.
In the step 307, be provided with
;
In the step 308; Come according to
; Calculate final d as a result; The PWM output module of dsp processor sends the signal that the duty cycle of switching in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is carried out disturbance to drive circuit, and this time flow process finishes.
Claims (2)
1. photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device based on method of perturbation; It is characterized in that: be used for the maximum power point of tracking solar battery component at solar photovoltaic generation system, comprise dc voltage and current testing circuit, drive circuit, alternating current sample circuit, line voltage sample circuit and dsp processor; Said dc voltage and current testing circuit links to each other with the dc output end of solar photovoltaic assembly; The output of the input termination solar inverter of said alternating current sample circuit; The single-phase input of the input termination utility network of said line voltage sample circuit; The control end of each switch in the output termination photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter of said drive circuit; Said dsp processor is the dsp processor based on the MPPT algorithm; And comprise AD module and PWM output module; The output of dc voltage and current testing circuit, alternating current sample circuit and line voltage sample circuit and the AD input of dsp processor link to each other, and the PWM output of dsp processor links to each other with the drive circuit input.
2. a method that realizes the described photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter MPPT control device based on method of perturbation of claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
At first, with the detected direct voltage of dc voltage and current testing circuit and direct current, alternating current sample circuit detect alternating current, the line voltage sample circuit detects alternating voltage and changes into digital signal through the AD module of dsp processor respectively;
Secondly, dsp processor calculates said digital signal through MPPT algorithm and SPWM algorithm, and result of calculation is controlled the switch in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter through the PWM output module, makes whole photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter to turn round normally; Wherein, dsp processor is following through the method that the duty cycle of switching in the MPPT algorithm controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter carries out disturbance:
In the step 301; Photovoltaic generating system initiation parameter according to practical application; Said parameter comprises proportionality coefficient Kp; System parameters Ks; Integration time constant T; Derivative time constant Td; Minimum error values
; Go out the coefficient in the PID control expression formula according to said calculation of parameter then
a0=Ks*Kp*(1+T/Ti+Td/T)，a1=-Ks*Kp*(1+2*Td/T)，a2=Ks*Kp*Td/T；
In the step 302; The dc voltage and current testing circuit is transferred to dsp processor with the VD of detected solar module and the average anode current of solar module; And change into digital signal through the AD module of dsp processor; Obtain the VD value U (k) and the average anode current value I (k) of solar module; Wherein k representes to carry out for the k time MPPT control, and U (k) and I (k) are illustrated respectively in and carry out VD value and the average anode current value that MPPT reads in controlling for the k time, and utilize formula P (k)=U (k) * I (k) to calculate the input power of solar module;
In the step 303, according to P (k-1) and U (k-1) the computing system deviation
in P (k), U (k) and the last PID control;
In the step 304; Whether the absolute value
of judging system deviation is less than minimum error values
; if
; Explain that this moment, solar module was operated in maximum power point; Need not carry out disturbance, skip to step 307 then the duty cycle of switching in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter; if
; Explain that then solar module also is not operated in maximum power point; Need carry out disturbance; Calculate corresponding disturbed value; Final result of calculation d disturbed value for this reason adds the result that the SPWM algorithm computation goes out, and dsp processor sends the signal of in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter each switch through the PWM output module to drive circuit according to final result, gets into step 305;
In the step 305, according to the PID control expression formula that combines photovoltaic generating system
Calculate the disturbed value
of this PID control; A0 wherein, a1, a2, Ks, Kp, T, Td set in step 301 and finish; The disturbed value
that calculates through PID control expression formula has individual characteristics; When the solar module working point is far away apart from maximum power point;
is just big more; When the solar module working point was nearer apart from maximum power point,
was just more little;
In the step 306; For PID control is next time prepared; Be provided with
and
,
;
skips to step 308 then;
In the step 307, be provided with
;
In the step 308; Come according to
; Calculate final d as a result; The PWM output module of dsp processor sends the signal that the duty cycle of switching in the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is carried out disturbance to drive circuit, and this time the MPPT control flow finishes.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102809980A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-12-05 | 东南大学 | Maximum power point tracking method based on efficient adaptive perturbation and observation |
| CN103323719A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-25 | 深圳市晶福源电子技术有限公司 | Test method of photovoltaic inverter single-path MPPT |
| CN103838291A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-04 | 中国计量学院 | Maximum power point tracking method of solar battery |
| CN104656736A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-27 | 财团法人资讯工业策进会 | Power supply control system and method |
| CN104917413A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-16 | 全汉企业股份有限公司 | Inverting apparatus and control method thereof |
| CN105116958A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Perturbation and observation method MPPT control method and system with photovoltaic array self-adaptive step size |
| CN113625041A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic air conditioner direct-current voltage sampling calculation method and device and air conditioner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102809980A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-12-05 | 东南大学 | Maximum power point tracking method based on efficient adaptive perturbation and observation |
| CN102809980B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-01-22 | 东南大学 | Maximum power point tracking method based on efficient adaptive perturbation and observation |
| CN103323719A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-25 | 深圳市晶福源电子技术有限公司 | Test method of photovoltaic inverter single-path MPPT |
| CN103323719B (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-07-01 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | Test method of photovoltaic inverter single-path MPPT |
| CN104656736A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-27 | 财团法人资讯工业策进会 | Power supply control system and method |
| CN104656736B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2017-01-04 | 财团法人资讯工业策进会 | Power supply control system and method |
| CN104917413A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-16 | 全汉企业股份有限公司 | Inverting apparatus and control method thereof |
| CN103838291A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-04 | 中国计量学院 | Maximum power point tracking method of solar battery |
| CN103838291B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2016-04-13 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of maximum power point tracing method of solar cell |
| CN105116958A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Perturbation and observation method MPPT control method and system with photovoltaic array self-adaptive step size |
| CN113625041A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic air conditioner direct-current voltage sampling calculation method and device and air conditioner |
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