CN110581567B - Power transmission method and system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time - Google Patents
Power transmission method and system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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Abstract
The invention provides a power transmission method and a power transmission system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time, wherein the method is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of an inverter for an inverter circuit; defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTAnd calculating the internal resistance variation quantity delta R of the photovoltaic cell along with the external variation1And following Δ R1The duty cycle Δ D is adjusted by the change in (D); by changing the delta D, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized. The invention also realizes the simplicity and rapidity of the power transmission algorithm for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time on the premise of ensuring the accuracy and stability of tracking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a power transmission method and system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time.
Background
In recent years, due to the high attention paid to renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation technology is rapidly developed, but photovoltaic power generation also has certain problems. Because solar radiation is influenced by weather factors such as seasons, weather and the like, the photovoltaic power generation has obvious randomness and fluctuation.
Compared with other control methods, the constant voltage tracking method, namely the CVT, is simple to operate, simple in control program design, free of impact and oscillation at the maximum power point and relatively stable, and the constant voltage tracking method is superior to other maximum power tracking strategies, but has some limitations, and the set voltage value determines the control accuracy. If the external environment changes violently, the position of the corresponding maximum power point changes, when the environment changes rapidly, the control method is not recommended, and the constant-voltage tracking method is only suitable for the situation that the environmental condition changes slightly. From the accuracy of the algorithm, the open circuit voltage method, namely the OCV, is stronger than the constant voltage tracking method, but the disturbance observation method, namely the P & O, can well achieve the purpose of maximum power tracking compared with the constant voltage tracking method and the open circuit voltage method, when the external environment is changed violently, the tracking can be well carried out, and the utilization rate of light energy is improved. Simulation results obtained by adopting an open-circuit voltage method and a constant-voltage method can oscillate along with time, and power output can have certain jitter; when the external illumination condition suddenly changes, the power output convergence effect of the disturbance observation method is unstable, and the curve is relatively unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power transmission method and a power transmission system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time, and rapidity and stability of power output are realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power transmission method and system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
modeling and selecting a Boost circuit Boost module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the initialized duty ratio D is equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST(ii) a Transplanting a 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain the inverter according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converterThe SSA model is used for further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter;
defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized.
Further, the two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic cell array, a Boost circuit boosting module, an inversion module and an LC filtering module;
the photovoltaic cell array provides direct-current voltage for the Boost circuit Boost module; the Boost circuit Boost module is used for carrying out direct current Boost on direct current input by the photovoltaic cell array; the inverter module converts the direct-current voltage boosted by the Boost circuit boosting module into alternating current; the LC filter circuit is used for filtering the alternating-current voltage.
Furthermore, the circuit diagram of the Boost module of the Boost circuit is the input end U of the photovoltaic cell arrayinThe positive pole of the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell array through an inductor L1 and a switch S, and the other path of the positive pole of the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell array through a diode D and a capacitor C;
the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell array is
The T isSIs a pulse period, Ts＝ton+toffUnder ideal conditions in the linear working area, Usat≈UDIs approximately equal to 0, therefore
Output voltage U of Boost circuit Boost moduleoProportional to the duty cycle D and always higher than the input voltage Uin，D＝ton/Ts. Ignoring losses in the circuit, the Boost circuit does not consume power, i.e. Uin·Ii＝Uo·IdcThe said idc＝(1-D)iinTherefore, the Boost module of the Boost circuit is a direct current transformer.
Furthermore, the inversion module adopts a three-phase bridge type inversion circuit, and the 4QC state space average model is expressed as
C is a series equivalent capacitance value of the filter capacitor on the direct current side; the R, L, ekForming a counter potential load loop;
the equivalent model of the DC side of the inverter is
the simplified equivalent model is as follows:
beta is equal to eL/ud(ii) a Beta is a direct current back electromotive force amplitude factor;
the above-mentioned
Further, the standard condition is at Sst＝1000W/m2And TstAt 25 ℃;
at any timeInternal resistance of the photovoltaic cell is Rin＝Rst+ Δ R; the delta R is a resistance change value caused by the change of external conditions;
the input power is
By adjusting the duty cycle D, P is adjustedabTo RoutThe partial derivative is equal to zero, and the condition when the transmission power is maximum is as follows:
photovoltaic panel current-voltage characteristic curve parameters under standard conditions:
Tst＝T-ΔT
ΔU＝-βΔT-RsΔI
I＝Ist+ΔI
V＝Ust+ΔU
the alpha is a current temperature coefficient under a standard condition; the unit of the alpha is A/° C; beta is a voltage temperature coefficient under a standard condition; the beta unit is V/° C.
Under standard conditions, the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell at any moment is as follows:
Equivalent resistance RoutComprises the following steps: rout＝(1-D)2Rd；
Condition when transmission power is maximum:
Due to 0<D<1, so that at any time,
duty ratio under standard conditions is DstThe duty ratio D at any time is equal to D under the standard conditionstThe amount of change deltad of (a) is,
the power transmission system for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time comprises a modeling module and a calculation tracking matching module;
the modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the initialized duty ratio D is equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST(ii) a According to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, transplanting a 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter;
the calculation tracking matching module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized.
Further, the modeling modules comprise a first modeling module and a second modeling module;
the first modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the initialized duty ratio D is equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST；
The second modeling module is used for transplanting the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter.
Further, the calculation tracking matching module comprises a calculation module and a tracking matching module;
the calculation module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1);
the tracking matching module is used for seeking real-time matching with the internal resistance Delta R of the photovoltaic cell by changing the duty ratio Delta D of the photovoltaic inverter so as to realize photovoltaic power generation maximum power tracking.
The effect provided in the summary of the invention is only the effect of the embodiment, not all the effects of the invention, and one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a power transmission method and a power transmission system for tracking internal resistance matching in real timeST(ii) a According to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, transplanting a 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter, further obtaining an equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter and simplifying the equivalent modelA model; defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized. According to the method, firstly, a Boost module of a Boost circuit is modeled to realize direct current transformation with output larger than input, and then an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter are obtained in an inversion module. Finally according to the standard conditions (S)st＝1000W/m2And TstInternal resistance R of photovoltaic cell at 25 ℃stEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverteroutAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterst. Based on the method, the influence factors of the change of the external conditions on the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cell are deeply analyzed, and the internal resistance change quantity delta R of the photovoltaic cell along with the change of the external conditions is quantitatively given1And with Δ R1Is then adjusted to give the duty cycle Δ D and Δ R1And (4) a dynamic balance equation. In the control method, the internal resistance Delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought by changing the duty ratio Delta D of the photovoltaic inverter1The real-time matching is carried out, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is rapidly realized. The invention also realizes the simplicity and rapidity of the power transmission algorithm for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time on the premise of ensuring the accuracy and stability of tracking.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a Boost circuit model proposed based on embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a PWM inverter equivalent circuit model proposed based on embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a phasor diagram of a PWM inverter proposed based on embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the intensity of light S in accordance with example 1 of the present inventionst＝1000W/m2 ，Temperature TstConstant voltage tracking method (CVT), open circuit voltage method (OCV), perturbed observation method (P) at 25 ℃&Q) a simulation graph;
fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of a power transmission algorithm based on real-time tracking internal resistance matching proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation diagram of a constant voltage tracking method (CVT), an open circuit voltage method (OCV), and a disturbance observation method (P & Q) under the condition that the heat preservation temperature is unchanged and the illumination intensity is adjusted, which are provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of a power transmission algorithm for tracking internal resistance matching in real time under the condition that the heat preservation temperature is unchanged and the illumination intensity is adjusted, which is provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a power transmission method and a power transmission system for tracking internal resistance matching in real time. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic cell array, a Boost circuit boosting module, an inversion module and an LC filtering module; the photovoltaic cell array provides direct-current voltage for the Boost circuit Boost module; the Boost circuit Boost module is used for carrying out direct current Boost on direct current input by the photovoltaic cell array; the inverter module converts the direct-current voltage boosted by the Boost circuit boosting module into alternating current; the LC filter circuit is used for filtering the alternating voltage.
The Boost module of the Boost circuit generates an error signal through circuit control, so as to modulate a switching signal and achieve the aim of controlling a power switching tube, and simultaneously maintains voltage stabilization by combining the energy storage and release functions of a diode, a capacitor and an inductor. Selecting a Boost circuit, wherein the attached figure 2 is a Boost circuit model provided based on the embodiment 1 of the invention;
output voltage of
Wherein T iss＝ton+toffFor a pulse period, under ideal conditions in the linear operating region, Usat≈UDIs approximately equal to 0, therefore
So that the output voltage U of the Boost type Boost circuitoProportional to the duty cycle D and always higher than the input voltage Uin，D＝ton/Ts. Ignoring losses in the circuit, the Boost circuit does not consume power, i.e. Uin·Ii＝Uo·IdcWherein idc＝(1-D)iinTherefore, the Boost circuit is a direct current transformer.
The inversion module adopts a three-phase bridge type inversion circuit, and transplants the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter according to the uniformity of the topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, so as to obtain an equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter and a simplified equivalent model. Fig. 3 is a PWM inverter equivalent circuit model proposed based on embodiment 1 of the present invention; fig. 4 is a phasor diagram of a PWM inverter proposed based on embodiment 1 of the present invention; a direct-current side filter supporting capacitor is added in a front-end Boost circuit, ek(k ═ 1,2,3) is a sign of the three-phase equivalent potential. And (4) establishing a 4QC state space average model according to the uniformity of the topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter.
Wherein in the formula (4.3), C is the equivalent capacitance value of the filter capacitor on the DC side in series, R, L, ekA back-emf load loop is formed, the equivalent circuit model of the PWM inverter based on embodiment 1 of the present invention given in fig. 3 does not have consideration of the back-emf load loop and the dc-side capacitance, the fourth row of the 4 QC-state space-average model is transformed,
wherein idIs the inverter dc side bus current.
The first row to the third row of the 4QC state space average model are obtained by matrix transformation,
namely, it is
Wherein u isdInputting a voltage source for the direct current side; dkIs the duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the kth phase half bridge of the inverter;
the average value of the three-phase duty ratio is
In order to obtain the direct-current side equivalent model of the inverter, under ideal conditions,
wherein m is the modulation coefficient of the inverter PWM; will be e under ideal conditionsk、dkAnd alphakSubstituting into formula (4.4) to obtain
Is solved to obtain
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
solving the corresponding steady-state phasor relation to obtain:
wherein γ ═ tg-1(ω L/R);
wherein A iskIs the undetermined coefficient, tau is the time constant of the transient component; substituting τ into L/R into formula (4.4) gives
Let ik(0) 0, by αkExpression of
Formula (4.14) is carried outkThree-term symmetry shows that in the formula (4.13), the sum of 4 product terms of the expansion formula and k is equal to 0 in two terms, and the other two terms are simplified, namely, the sum is
Thereby obtaining
The inverter output circuit according to the present invention does not include a step-up transformer, and therefore, the equivalent potential on the ac side and the inverter output voltage ukAmplitude is very close
E＝ρUk＝ρ(muk/2) (4.18)
Where ρ is defined as the amplitude factor of the AC back EMF, and equations (4.11) and (4.18) are substituted for the expression of the DC side current available in equation (4.17)
So that the DC side input resistance function of the inverter
The dc-side volt-ampere relationship expressed in the formula (4.20) has complexity characteristics, and as a result of simplified analysis, based on the premise that the equivalent inductance L and the time constant are small, the dc-side equivalent model can simulate an approximate equivalent simulation by the dc back electromotive force, and the conditions of the formula (4.21) are consistent:
the consistency characteristic exists between the resistor R and the analysis based on the equivalent circuit model of the PWM inverter provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention and provided by the attached figure 3, and the beta is equal to the eL/udAnd refers to the dc back emf magnitude factor. For an approximately simplified equivalent model of the input resistance, the following is specific
Comparing the steady state values of equation (4.21) and equation (4.19), the parameter e in the simplified equivalent model can be determinedL
RinThe equivalent circuit diagram of the two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is shown in the attached figure 5, wherein the equivalent circuit diagram is based on the two-stage three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention;
and then, modeling and selecting by a Boost module of the Boost circuit, obtaining an equivalent model of the DC side of the inverter and simplifying the equivalent model, and defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd photovoltaic inversionDuty cycle of the device DSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized.
Is defined at Sst＝1000W/m2And TstThe internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell is R under the condition of 25 DEG CstSince the resistance change value caused by the change of the external environment such as the illumination intensity and the temperature is Δ R, the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell at any time can be defined as Rin＝Rst+ΔR。
Source end to port ab deliver power of
By adjusting the duty cycle D, P is adjustedabTo RoutThe partial derivative is equal to zero, and the condition when the transmission power is maximum is as follows:
as long as the equivalent resistance RoutAnd internal resistance RinAnd matching to achieve the purpose of maximum power tracking.
Is defined at Sst＝1000W/m2And TstUnder the condition of 25 ℃, the current-voltage characteristic curve parameters of the photovoltaic panel under any illumination intensity and temperature are measured:
Tst＝T-ΔT (4.26)
ΔU＝-βΔT-RsΔI (4.28)
I＝Ist+ΔI (4.29)
V＝Ust+ΔU (4.30)
wherein alpha is the current temperature coefficient under the standard condition; the unit of alpha is A/DEG C; beta is the voltage temperature coefficient under the standard condition; beta is in V/DEG C.
For the voltage temperature coefficient under the standard conditions, the measured value is equivalent to that of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cells:
α＝0.0012Isc(A/℃)
β＝0.005Voc(V/℃)
by measuring UPVAnd IPVThe internal resistance R of the current moment can be obtainedinAt any moment, the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell is as follows:
and RstSubtracting to obtain the internal resistance R at any momentinAnd R under standard conditionsstDifference value Δ R of1：
ΔR1The short-circuit current I of the photovoltaic cell can be obtained from the current values S and T of the illumination intensity and the temperature and the variation quantity thereofscAnd open circuit voltage UocAnd current under standard conditions IstSum voltage UstAnd (4) obtaining.
Equivalent resistance RoutComprises the following steps:
Rout＝(1-D)2Rd (4.33)
condition when transmission power is maximum:
get it solved
Due to 0<D<1, so that at any time,
is defined at Sst＝1000W/m2And TstDuty cycle under standard conditions of 25 ℃ is DstThe duty ratio D at any time is equal to D under the standard conditionstThe amount of change deltad of (a) is,
by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter, real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell is sought, and then the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized.
The invention also provides a power transmission system for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time, which comprises a modeling module and a calculation tracking matching module;
the modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of the two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the initialized duty ratio D is equal to the duty ratio D of the photovoltaic inverterST(ii) a According to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, transplanting a 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter;
the calculation tracking matching module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); by varying occupancy of the photovoltaic inverterAnd the space ratio delta D is matched with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell in real time, so that the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is realized.
The modeling module comprises a first modeling module and a second modeling module;
the first modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the initialized duty ratio D is equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST；
The second modeling module is used for transplanting the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter.
The calculation tracking matching module comprises a calculation module and a tracking matching module;
the calculation module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionSTEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverterOUTAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTCalculating the variation quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And following Δ R1Is adjusted to obtain the duty ratio DeltaD and DeltaR1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1);
the tracking matching module is used for seeking real-time matching with the internal resistance delta R of the photovoltaic cell by changing the duty ratio delta D of the photovoltaic inverter so as to realize photovoltaic power generation maximum power tracking.
FIG. 6 shows the illumination intensity S proposed based on example 1 of the present inventionst＝1000W/m2Temperature TstConstant voltage tracking method (CVT), open circuit voltage method (OCV), perturbed observation method (P) at 25 ℃&Q) a simulation graph; fig. 7 shows a simulation diagram of a power transmission algorithm based on the real-time tracking internal resistance matching proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; compared with other control methods, the constant voltage tracking method (CVT) is easy to operate and simple in control programming, but has certain limitation, the control precision completely depends on the value of given voltage, if the external environment changes, the corresponding position of the maximum power point also changes, and when the environment changes, the corresponding position changes dramaticallyWhen the environment is severe, the control method cannot be adopted and is only suitable for the condition with little environmental change. The open circuit voltage method (OCV) is superior to CVT in terms of algorithm accuracy, but the perturbation observation method (P)&O) can realize MPPT well compared with CVT and OCV, can not be like the phenomenon that other MPPT methods vibrate back and forth at the maximum power point, and is more stable, and the utilization rate of light energy is improved. The final power output of the power transmission algorithm adopting the real-time tracking internal resistance matching tends to be stable finally, and the time for convergence is less than that of an open-circuit voltage method and a constant-voltage method.
FIG. 8 shows a constant voltage tracking method (CVT), an open circuit voltage method (OCV), and a disturbance observation method (P) under the condition that the temperature is kept constant and the illumination intensity is adjusted according to example 1 of the present invention&Q) a simulation graph; fig. 9 is a simulation diagram of a power transmission algorithm for tracking internal resistance matching in real time under the condition that the heat preservation temperature is unchanged and the illumination intensity is adjusted, which is provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention. The standard state is set to be 1000W/m at 25 ℃ within a time period of 0-0.1 s2The light intensity of (a) is set to 700W/m within 0.1-0.2 s2The illumination intensity of (2) is set to 400W/m within a time period of 0.2-0.3 s2The waveform of the output characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array obtained by the three methods is obtained by analog simulation, after the photovoltaic array operates for a period of time, the output power is constant, the constant value is basically not changed, and the output reaches a steady state value, namely a maximum power point, within the time period of 0-0.1 s. After that, under the condition that the illumination intensity is suddenly changed at 0.1s and 0.2s, the system can keep balance at a new steady state and can ensure certain sensitivity, and through comparison, when the external condition changes, the disturbance observation method is compared with a constant voltage tracking method and an open circuit voltage method, the maximum power can be tracked more accurately, but the disturbance observation method needs to set a disturbance increment, the system is finally stabilized in a region fluctuating around the maximum power point and is not the accurate maximum power point, extra loss is generated, the jitter time of the disturbance observation method is larger than the jitter time of a power transmission algorithm matched with real-time tracking internal resistance, and convergence is slower. Real-time tracking of internal resistance matching work adopted by the inventionThe power output of the rate transmission algorithm is more stable compared with that of a constant voltage tracking method and an open-circuit voltage method, when the external environment is changed violently, the rate transmission algorithm can track well, has higher convergence rate, and does not need to set disturbance increment.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. The power transmission method for tracking internal resistance matching in real time is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and initializing the duty ratio D of the Boost circuit boosting module to be equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST(ii) a According to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, converting the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter; the SSA model is a state space average model;
defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionstEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverteroutAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTAnd calculating the internal resistance variation quantity delta R of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And with Δ R1Is then adjusted to obtain the duty ratio change quantity delta D and delta R1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); seeking the change quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell by changing the duty ratio change quantity delta D of the photovoltaic inverter1The real-time matching is carried out, and the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is further realized;
the inverter module adopts a three-phase bridge inverter circuit, and the 4QC state space average model is expressed as follows according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter:
c is a series equivalent capacitance value of the filter capacitor on the direct current side; the R, L and ekForming a counter potential load loop; r is the resistance of the filter circuit, L is the inductance of the filter circuit, udInputting a voltage source for the direct current side; dMIs the average value of the three-phase duty ratio; d1The duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the 1 st phase half bridge of the inverter; d2The duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the 2 nd phase half bridge of the inverter; d3The duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the 3 rd phase half bridge of the inverter;
the equivalent model of the DC side of the inverter is
the simplified equivalent model is as follows:
beta is the same as1Is equal to eL/Ud；β1Is a direct current back electromotive force amplitude factor; said eLIs direct current back electromotive force;
the above-mentioned
2. The power transmission method for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time according to claim 1, wherein the two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic cell array, a Boost circuit boosting module, an inverter module and an LC filtering module;
the photovoltaic cell array provides direct-current voltage for the Boost circuit Boost module; the Boost circuit Boost module is used for carrying out direct current Boost on direct current input by the photovoltaic cell array; the inverter module converts the direct-current voltage boosted by the Boost circuit boosting module into alternating current; the LC filter circuit is used for filtering the alternating-current voltage.
3. The power transmission method for tracking internal resistance matching in real time according to claim 2, wherein a circuit diagram of the Boost circuit boosting module is a photovoltaic cell array input end UinThe positive pole of the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell array through an inductor L1 and a switch S, and the other path of the positive pole of the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell array through a diode and a capacitor C;
the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell array is
The T isSIs a pulse period, TS＝ton+toffUnder ideal conditions in the linear working area, Usat≈UDIs approximately equal to 0, therefore
Output voltage U of Boost circuit Boost module0Is proportional to the duty ratio D of the Boost module of the Boost circuit and is always higher than the input voltage Uin，D＝ton/TS(ii) a Ignoring losses in the circuit, the Boost circuit does not consume power, i.e. Uin·Ii＝U0·IdcThe said idc＝(1-D)iinTherefore, the Boost module of the Boost circuit is a direct current converter; u shapesatTurning on a saturation voltage for the switch; u shapeDIs the diode turn-on voltage; i isdcIs the output current of the DC/DC link.
4. The power transmission method for tracking internal resistance matching in real time according to claim 3, wherein the standard condition is Sst1000W/m2 and TstAt 25 ℃;
the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell at any time is Rin＝Rst+ΔR1(ii) a The Δ R1The variable quantity of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell is changed along with the external condition; rstAs a standard illumination value Sst1000W/m2 and a standard temperature value TstInternal resistance of the photovoltaic cell at 25 ℃;
the input power is
P is enabled by adjusting the duty ratio D of the Boost module of the Boost circuitabTo RoutThe partial derivative is equal to zero, and the condition when the transmission power is maximum is as follows:
photovoltaic panel current-voltage characteristic curve parameters under standard conditions:
Tst＝T-ΔT
ΔU＝-β2ΔT-RsΔI
I＝Ist+ΔI
V＝Ust+ΔU
the alpha is a current temperature coefficient under a standard condition; the unit of the alpha is A/° C; beta is the same as2Is the voltage temperature coefficient under the standard condition; beta is the same as2The unit is V/° C;
the T isstIs a standard temperature value, Tst＝25℃；SstAs a standard illumination value Sst＝1000W/m2；IscShort circuit current for the photovoltaic cell; i isstFor photovoltaic cells in standard lighting conditions Sst1000W/m2 and standard temperature condition TstOutput current at 25 ℃; u shapestFor photovoltaic cells in standard lighting conditions Sst1000W/m2 and standard temperature condition TstOutput voltage at 25 ℃;
under standard conditions, the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell at any moment is as follows:
then
Equivalent resistance RoutComprises the following steps: rout＝(1-D)2Rd；
Condition when transmission power is maximum:
get it solved
Due to 0<D<1, so that at any time,
the duty ratio of the photovoltaic inverter under the standard condition is DstAnd the duty ratio D of the Boost module of the Boost circuit at any moment and the duty ratio D of the photovoltaic inverter under the standard conditionstThe duty ratio variation Δ D of (D) is:
5. the power transmission system for tracking the internal resistance matching in real time is characterized by comprising a modeling module and a calculation tracking matching module;
the modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of the two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the duty ratio D of the initialized Boost circuit boosting module is equal to the duty ratio D of the photovoltaic inverterST(ii) a According to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, converting the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter; the SSA model is a state space average model;
the calculation tracking matching module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionstEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverteroutAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTAnd calculating the internal resistance variation quantity delta R of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And with Δ R1Is then adjusted to obtain the duty ratio change quantity delta D and delta R1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1); seeking the change quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell by changing the duty ratio change quantity delta D of the photovoltaic inverter1The real-time matching is carried out, and the maximum power tracking of photovoltaic power generation is further realized;
the inverter module adopts a three-phase bridge inverter circuit, and the 4QC state space average model is expressed as follows according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter:
c is a series equivalent capacitance value of the filter capacitor on the direct current side; the R, L and ekForming a counter potential load loop; r is the resistance of the filter circuit, L is the inductance of the filter circuit, udInputting a voltage source for the direct current side; dMIs the average value of the three-phase duty ratio; d1For the 1 st phase half bridge of an inverterDuty cycle of the upper bridge arm switch; d2The duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the 2 nd phase half bridge of the inverter; d3The duty ratio of the bridge arm switch on the 3 rd phase half bridge of the inverter;
the equivalent model of the DC side of the inverter is
the simplified equivalent model is as follows:
beta is the same as1Is equal to eL/Ud；β1Is a direct current back electromotive force amplitude factor; said eLIs direct current back electromotive force;
the above-mentioned
6. The real-time tracking internal resistance matched power transfer system according to claim 5, wherein said modeling modules comprise a first modeling module and a second modeling module;
the first modeling module is used for modeling and selecting a Boost circuit boosting module of a two-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the duty ratio D of the Boost circuit boosting module is initialized to be equal to the duty ratio D of a photovoltaic inverterST；
The second modeling module is used for converting the 4QC state space average model of the four-quadrant converter to obtain an SSA model of the inverter according to the uniformity of topological structures of the inverter and the four-quadrant converter, and further obtaining an equivalent model and a simplified equivalent model of the direct current side of the inverter; the SSA model is a state space average model.
7. The real-time tracking internal resistance matching power transmission system according to claim 5, wherein the calculation tracking matching module comprises a calculation module and a tracking matching module;
the calculation module is used for defining the internal resistance R of the photovoltaic cell under the standard conditionstEquivalent input resistance R at input side of inverteroutAnd duty ratio D of photovoltaic inverterSTAnd calculating the internal resistance variation quantity delta R of the photovoltaic cell along with the external condition1And with Δ R1Is then adjusted to obtain the duty ratio change quantity delta D and delta R1The dynamic equilibrium equation of (1);
the tracking matching module is used for seeking the change quantity delta R of the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell by changing the duty ratio change quantity delta D of the photovoltaic inverter1And the photovoltaic power generation maximum power tracking is further realized.
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