CN102231534B - Two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and control method thereof adopting DC side voltage sensor-free control strategy - Google Patents

Two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and control method thereof adopting DC side voltage sensor-free control strategy Download PDF

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CN102231534B
CN102231534B CN2011101883431A CN201110188343A CN102231534B CN 102231534 B CN102231534 B CN 102231534B CN 2011101883431 A CN2011101883431 A CN 2011101883431A CN 201110188343 A CN201110188343 A CN 201110188343A CN 102231534 B CN102231534 B CN 102231534B
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高厚磊
高峰
袁建华
安艳秋
邹贵彬
王慧
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and a control method thereof adopting a DC side voltage sensor-free control strategy. By the system and the method, a structure is simplified, equipment cost and volume are effectively reduced, and system reliability is improved. The system comprises a photovoltaic cell array consisting of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a DC booster circuit, a maximum power tracking controller, a three-phase inverter bridge, an inverter controller and a peripheral circuit, wherein the output end of the photovoltaic cell array is only provided with an inductive current sensor which measures the current of the photovoltaic cell array.

Description

Two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and the control method of DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor control strategy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and control method of DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor.
Background technology
In the new forms of energy distributed power generation of extensive use at present, one of most popular new forms of energy do not have fine development prospect to solar energy because its energy source is exhausted.Because it is affected by environment, photovoltaic generation output has randomness and intermittence, need implement maximum power tracing control to photovoltaic cell, the simultaneity factor power supply reliability is subjected to very big influence, thereby the effective operational mode of photovoltaic generation is to incorporate the public electric wire net generating into or be with storage battery to regulate electric energy.
Photovoltaic parallel in system generally adopts the inverter of single-stage or two-stage type topological structure.Inverter has certain requirement to direct current chain voltage range, and brownout can cause inverter failure, the too high voltage stress that then can increase switching device.Therefore the one-stage topology inverter has higher requirements to photovoltaic cell (PV) voltage, and PV influenced by low-frequency harmonics bigger, can reduce maximum power tracing (MPPT) performance; The two-stage topology inverter increases one-level DC boosting (Boost) circuit before single-stage inverter widens the PV voltage range and implements MPPT, and reducing low-frequency harmonics simultaneously influences PV, promotes the MPPT performance.
Photovoltaic combining inverter adopts transducer directly to measure direct current chain voltage traditionally, and compares with direct current chain voltage preset value and to amplify back control by Billy's integration (PI) controlling unit it is followed preset value and changes.MPPT algorithm commonly used needs direct current transducer respectively photovoltaic cell output voltage, electric current to be measured simultaneously, implements MPPT at the Boost circuit then.Transducer uses more, has increased photovoltaic parallel in system construction cost and volume, has reduced system reliability.
Tradition two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system circuit and control principle as shown in Figure 1, system is made up of photovoltaic battery array, boost booster circuit, controller, inverter circuit.The each several part function simply is described below:
Photovoltaic battery array is combined by the series and parallel mode by some photovoltaic cells, is the input source of system power;
The Boost booster circuit mainly rises to the scope that back level inverter circuit needs to the unstable voltage of prime photovoltaic battery array input, bears photovoltaic battery array MPPT function simultaneously;
Controller is divided into prime MPPT control and back level inversion control two parts.MPPT control is under the real-time input voltage of PV and current condition, obtain the output current reference of PV Maximum Power Output point (MPP) by software algorithm, amplify back control boost contactor with the inductive current negative feedback of flowing through by PI control then, thereby make inductive current accurately follow the tracks of the electric current that output MPP is ordered in real time, thereby obtain the PV maximum power.Back level inverter controller need be imported be incorporated into the power networks place's voltage and grid-connected current, calculate phase angle and the amplitude of the voltage that is incorporated into the power networks by phase-locked loop and amplitude computing module, control the PV maximum power of calculating in conjunction with MPPT then, obtain grid-connected current amplitude reference signal, the offset current amplitude stable with keeping direct current chain voltage is combined and obtained the actual output current reference amplitude then, thereby the dc inverter that inverter circuit is finished the direct current chain is transported under the control of controller becomes the alternating current with synchronized.
By circuit theory as seen, exchange side and need 1 alternating voltage and AC current sensor respectively.
Its DC side transducer is as follows:
2 of direct voltage transducers are respectively PV output voltage sensor and direct current chain voltage sensor;
2 of DC current sensor are respectively PV output current transducer and the inductive current transducer of flowing through.
Therefore except be incorporated into the power networks necessary alternating voltage, current sensor, direct current transducer uses morely in traditional two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, has increased photovoltaic parallel in system construction cost and volume, has reduced system reliability.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system and control method of DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor exactly for addressing the above problem, and its designs simplification effectively reduces equipment cost and volume, has improved the reliability of system.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system of DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor control strategy, it comprises photovoltaic battery array, DC voltage booster circuit, maximum power tracing controller, three phase inverter bridge, inverter controller and the peripheral circuit that some photovoltaic cells are formed, and the output of described photovoltaic battery array only is provided with the inductive current transducer of measuring the photovoltaic battery array electric current.
Described maximum power tracing controller detects the modulation width value M of the inverter controller output of photovoltaic battery array current value and back level; The maximum power tracing controller has three tunnel outputs, and first via output pwm signal removes to control Boost contactor S, and the maximum of the second tunnel output photovoltaic battery array is followed the trail of power P MaxAnd Third Road is exported the Boost circuit duty ratio d that calculates.
Described inverter controller input is connected with an AC current sensor with an AC voltage sensor, and they measure the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i gInput also is connected with maximum power tracing controller output end and Boost circuit output end, receives the maximum power P of following the trail of respectively Max, duty ratio d; Output has five the tunnel, and wherein four road pwm signals go to control respectively the three phase inverter bridge switch S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, and the modulation width value M that obtains through inverter controller of the five tunnel output.
A kind of control method that adopts the two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system of described DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor control strategy, it was divided into for two steps, i.e. the inversion control of the inverter controller of prime maximum power tracing controller control and back level;
Wherein, described maximum power tracing controller is in prime control, adopt the disturbance control algolithm, near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of control photovoltaic battery array current value, by selecting very little step-length numerical value Δ i to control the minimizing oscillation amplitude, make photovoltaic battery array be operated in the maximum power working point;
Described inverter controller is in the level control of back, with single-phase grid-connected current amplitude i gBe reference signal:
The first step is measured the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i g
Second step is by the P of input Max, d value, obtain the grid-connected current reference amplitude according to energy balance:
i ^ gref = 2 ( 1 - d ) i pv M ;
The 3rd step based on stablizing required PI link for direct current chain voltage in the inverter controller, as shown in Figure 3, produced current offset values, and the grid-connected current reference amplitude that second step calculated is revised, and wherein direct current chain voltage instantaneous value is estimated by following formula:
U dclink = U ^ g / M ;
In the 4th step, single-phase phase-locked loop calculates line voltage u gFrequency and phase angle information;
The 5th step, revised grid-connected current reference amplitude and u gFrequency and phase angle information provide grid-connected current reference value i together Gref
The 6th step, the grid-connected current i that AC current sensor is measured gWith i GrefRelatively, its difference signal PI controlling unit in inverter controller is amplified and is obtained the PWM modulation signal, and the 20kHz triangular carrier that generates with single-chip microcomputer in the controller relatively obtains the S of three phase inverter bridge 1-S 4Switching signal realizes i gClosely follow the tracks of i Gref
Described disturbance control algolithm is, setting current disturbing step-length numerical value is Δ i, when
Figure BDA0000074142290000043
And Δ i Pv (n)=i Pv (n)-i Pv (n-1)＞0 or
Figure BDA0000074142290000044
And Δ i Pv (n)＜0, control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)+ Δ i; And work as And Δ i Pv (n)＜0 or And Δ i Pv (n)＞0, then control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)-Δ i; Do not stop disturbance on this basis, to the last control near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of photovoltaic battery array current value.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the control algolithm of carrying is not reducing the inverter overall performance, and realize having cancelled circuit elements such as photovoltaic cell voltage sensor required in traditional control and direct current chain voltage sensor on the basis that the photovoltaic battery array maximum power generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.1. eliminate electromagnetism by the interference of these transducers to system, improved system reliability, saved system's operation expense; 2. simultaneously because the general volume of direct current transducer is big and comparatively valuable, then the present invention has also reduced system bulk and has reduced construction cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system circuit and traditional control method;
Fig. 2 does not have dc voltage sensor circuit and control principle for the two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system;
Fig. 3 is inverter circuit controller principle figure;
Fig. 4 is MPPT controller algorithm flow chart.
Wherein, 1. voltage sensor, 2. current sensor, 3. maximum power tracing controller, 4. DC voltage booster circuit, 5. inverter controller, 6. photovoltaic cell, 7. AC voltage sensor, 8. AC current sensor.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Among Fig. 2, it comprises photovoltaic battery array, DC voltage booster circuit 4, maximum power tracing controller 3, three phase inverter bridge, inverter controller 5 and the peripheral circuit that some photovoltaic cells 6 are formed, and the output of described photovoltaic battery array only is provided with the inductive current transducer 2 of measuring the photovoltaic battery array electric current.
Described maximum power tracing controller 3 detects the modulation width value M of inverter controller 5 outputs of photovoltaic battery array current value and back level; Maximum power tracing controller 3 has three tunnel outputs, and first via output pwm signal removes to control Boost contactor S, and the maximum of the second tunnel output photovoltaic battery array is followed the trail of power P MaxAnd Third Road is exported the Boost circuit duty ratio d that calculates.
Described inverter controller 5 inputs are connected with an AC current sensor 8 with an AC voltage sensor 7, and they measure the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i gInput also is connected with maximum power tracing controller 3 outputs and Boost circuit output end, receives the maximum power P of following the trail of respectively Max, duty ratio d; Output has five the tunnel, and wherein four road pwm signals go to control respectively the three phase inverter bridge switch S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, and the modulation width value M that obtains through inverter controller 5 of the five tunnel output.
The implication of each symbol is among Fig. 2: u gFor being incorporated into the power networks, inverter locates the electrical network phase voltage; i gBe photovoltaic system inverter grid-connected current; L AcBe system's grid side filter reactor; L is the DC side filter inductance; S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4Be the single-phase inversion bridge switch, adopt the turn-off device insulated gate transistor (IGBT) of backward diode in parallel; U, V are the combining inverter output; D is Boost circuit diode; S is Boost contactor pipe; C 1Be the DC voltage-stabilizing capacitor; C 2Be direct current chain voltage regulation capacitor; PV is the photovoltaic cell plate array; i LThe photovoltaic battery array electric current that obtains for the inductive current sensor measurement; P MaxThe maximum power that provides for the MPPT algorithm; M is modulation width.
Among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, adopt the control method of the two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system of described DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor control strategy, it was divided into for two steps, i.e. the inversion control of the inverter controller of prime maximum power tracing controller control and back level;
Wherein, described maximum power tracing controller is in prime control, adopt the disturbance control algolithm, near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of control photovoltaic battery array current value, by selecting very little step-length numerical value Δ i to control the minimizing oscillation amplitude, make photovoltaic battery array be operated in the maximum power working point; Described disturbance control algolithm is, setting current disturbing step-length numerical value is Δ i, when
Figure BDA0000074142290000061
And Δ i Pv (n)=i Pv (n)-i Pv (n-1)＞0 or And Δ i Pv (n)＜0, control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)+ Δ i; And work as And Δ i Pv (n)＜0 or
Figure BDA0000074142290000064
And Δ i Pv (n)＞0, then control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)-Δ i; Do not stop disturbance on this basis, to the last control near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of photovoltaic battery array current value.
Described inverter controller is in the level control of back, with single-phase grid-connected current amplitude i gBe reference signal:
The first step is measured the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i g
Second step is by the P of input Max, d value, obtain the grid-connected current reference amplitude according to energy balance:
i ^ gref = 2 ( 1 - d ) i pv M ;
The 3rd step based on stablizing required PI link for direct current chain voltage in the inverter controller, as shown in Figure 3, produced current offset values, and the grid-connected current reference amplitude that second step calculated is revised, and wherein direct current chain voltage instantaneous value is estimated by following formula:
Figure BDA0000074142290000072
M is modulation width, is also referred to as the which amplitude modulation ratio.
In the 4th step, the single-phase phase-locked loop link of being made up of phase comparator, filter and oscillator in the inverter controller is calculated line voltage u gFrequency and phase angle information;
The 5th step, revised grid-connected current reference amplitude and u gFrequency and phase angle information provide grid-connected current reference value i together Gref
The 6th step, the grid-connected current i that AC current sensor is measured gWith i GrefRelatively, its difference signal amplifies through the PI controlling unit and obtains the PWM modulation signal, and the 20kHz triangular carrier that produces with single-chip microcomputer in the inverter controller relatively obtains the S of three phase inverter bridge 1-S 4Switching signal realizes i gClosely follow the tracks of i Gref

Claims (2)

1. the two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system of a DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor control strategy, it comprises photovoltaic battery array, DC voltage booster circuit (4), maximum power tracing controller (3), three phase inverter bridge, inverter controller (5) and the peripheral circuit that some photovoltaic cells (6) are formed, and the output of described photovoltaic battery array only is provided with the inductive current transducer (2) of measuring the photovoltaic battery array electric current; It is characterized in that described maximum power tracing controller (3) detects the modulation width value M of inverter controller (5) output of photovoltaic battery array current value and back level; Maximum power tracing controller (3) has three tunnel outputs, and first via output pwm signal removes to control Boost contactor S, and the maximum of the second tunnel output photovoltaic battery array is followed the trail of power P MaxAnd Third Road is exported the Boost circuit duty ratio d that calculates; Described inverter controller (5) input is connected with an AC current sensor (8) with an AC voltage sensor (7), and they measure the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i gInput also is connected with maximum power tracing controller (3) output and Boost circuit output end, receives the maximum power P of following the trail of respectively Max, duty ratio d; Output has five the tunnel, and wherein four road pwm signals go to control respectively the three phase inverter bridge switch S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, and the modulation width value M that obtains through inverter controller (5) of the five tunnel output.
2. control method that adopts the two-stage single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system of the described DC side Converter Without Voltage Sensor of claim 1 control strategy, it is characterized in that, it was divided into for two steps, i.e. the inversion control of the inverter controller (5) of prime maximum power tracing controller (3) control and back level;
Wherein, described maximum power tracing controller (3) is in prime control, adopt the disturbance control algolithm, near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of control photovoltaic battery array current value, by selecting very little step-length numerical value △ i to control the minimizing oscillation amplitude, make photovoltaic battery array be operated in the maximum power working point; Described disturbance control algolithm is, setting current disturbing step-length numerical value is △ i, when
Figure FDA00002714719500011
And △ i Pv (n)=i Pv (n)– i Pv (n-1)0 or And △ i Pv (n)＜0, control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)+ △ i; And work as
Figure FDA00002714719500013
And △ i Pv (n)＜0 or
Figure FDA00002714719500014
And △ i Pv (n)0, then control next current value i constantly Pv (n+1)=i Pv (n)-△ i; Do not stop disturbance on this basis, to the last control near the small magnitude vibration maximum power working point of photovoltaic battery array current value;
Described inverter controller (5) is in the level control of back, with single-phase grid-connected current amplitude i gBe reference signal:
The first step is measured the voltage u of place that is incorporated into the power networks respectively gWith grid-connected current i g
Second step is by the P of input Max, d value, obtain the grid-connected current reference amplitude according to energy balance:
i ^ gref = 2 ( 1 - d ) i pv M ;
The 3rd step based on stablizing required PI link for direct current chain voltage in the inverter controller, produced current offset values, and the grid-connected current reference amplitude that second step calculated is revised, and wherein direct current chain voltage instantaneous value is estimated by following formula:
U dclink = U ^ g / M ;
In the 4th step, the single-phase phase-locked loop of being made up of phase comparator, filter and oscillator in the inverter controller calculates line voltage u gFrequency and phase angle information;
The 5th step, revised grid-connected current reference amplitude and u gFrequency and phase angle information provide grid-connected current reference value i together Gref;
The 6th step, the grid-connected current i that AC current sensor is measured gWith i GrefRelatively, its difference signal amplifies through the PI controlling unit and obtains the PWM modulation signal, and the 20kHz triangular carrier that produces with single-chip microcomputer in the inverter controller relatively obtains the S of three phase inverter bridge 1-S 4Switching signal realizes i gClosely follow the tracks of i Gref
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