CN102545257A - Solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102545257A CN102545257A CN2012100080863A CN201210008086A CN102545257A CN 102545257 A CN102545257 A CN 102545257A CN 2012100080863 A CN2012100080863 A CN 2012100080863A CN 201210008086 A CN201210008086 A CN 201210008086A CN 102545257 A CN102545257 A CN 102545257A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and a control method thereof. The solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises a solar cell, a grid-connected inverter main loop, a commercial power grid, a grid-connected inversion controller and a parallel operation communication interface, and is characterized in that: the grid-connected inversion main loop comprises an input protection switch, a booster circuit, an inverter circuit and a grid-connected switch; the grid-connected inversion controller comprises a control circuit, a logical circuit, a driving circuit, a sampling circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, a battery current detection circuit, a boosting voltage detection circuit, a power grid voltage detection circuit, a grid-connected current detection circuit and a power grid phase detection circuit; an input end of the control circuit is used for receiving an input signal of the power-grid phase detection circuit; the first output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the input protection switch; the second output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the booster circuit; the third output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the inverter circuit; and the fourth output end of the driving circuit is connected with an input end of the grid-connected switch. The solar photovoltaic generating single-phase grid-connected inverter has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, high efficiency, high safety, high reliability, long service life, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the generation of electricity by new energy technical field, relate to solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter and control method thereof.Relate in particular to a kind of direct voltage that produces solar cell through certain control method, convert the alternating current that has same frequency, homophase and constant amplitude with utility grid to, and be transported to the inverter of utility grid.
Background technology
Progressively expansion along with global process of industrialization; Sharply expand to demands for energy in countries in the world, and coal, the oil and natural gas three macrofossil energy are day by day exhausted, and the whole world will face energy crisis again; Simultaneously, use fossil energy that biological environment has been caused serious destruction in a large number.Because the energy, environment and development have become world today's problem demanding prompt solution; So; Many countries such as West Europe, the U.S. and Japan etc. begin one's study and application and development utilizes regenerative resources such as solar energy, wind energy and water ability; And combine the novel electric power electric of economical and efficient technological---new forms of energy distributed power generation technology, both set up independent generating power supply important load is supplied power, and carry out energy exchange through EMS and outside utility grid at power distribution network.Through the serial achievement that above-mentioned technology expansion research is obtained, and combine requirement and the power system development trend of electric power system user to the quality of power supply, this technology has progressively formed solar photovoltaic generation system and industry.
In solar photovoltaic generation system, combining inverter is to realize the transmission of energy between solar-energy photo-voltaic cell and the utility grid and the key link of conversion.The effect of combining inverter is when the output of solar photovoltaic generation system changes in a big way, and the direct current that can with high as far as possible efficient solar cell be exported all the time changes into the alternating current with the utility grid coupling, and sends into utility grid.
Designing and developing of combining inverter; The technical problem that needs to consider is: the first, because factors such as intensity of sunshine, battery temperature can influence the output characteristic of solar cell, therefore; In order to improve the operating efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation system; Make the output voltage of solar cell level off to maximum power point voltage, near maximum power point, move and obtain ceiling capacity to guarantee solar cell, combining inverter should have the regulatory function that maximal power tracing is controlled (MPPT).The second, the output waveform of combining inverter except that the qualities of power supply such as the frequency that satisfies utility grid, phase place and amplitude require, also must satisfy the island effect that prevents of utility grid and isolate requirements such as ground connection with safety.At present, clearly total harmonic factor of regulation combining inverter output waveform should be less than 5% in the external standard that is incorporated into the power networks, and each harmonic content is less than 3%, and has the better dynamic characteristic.According to IEEE2000.929 and ULl741 standard, all combining inverters must have the function of isolated island effect prevention, and isolated island must excise the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid quickly and accurately when taking place.The 3rd, guarantee stable, the efficient operation of solar photovoltaic generation system, need coordinate control to each combining inverter in the system.Except the basic voltage control of inverter, also need consider power division and control when each combining inverter is interconnected, promptly be divided into power control and two levels of voltage control, the voltage control of lower floor is accomplished corresponding control task according to the upper strata instruction.At last; For reducing the cost of solar power system, can popularize effectively and use, it is the transless scheme that combining inverter need adopt more satisfactory; Thereby can further improve the efficient of combining inverter, volume, weight and the cost of solar photovoltaic generation system are reduced greatly.
Therefore, design that a kind of volume that satisfies above-mentioned specification requirement is little, cost is low, low in energy consumption, efficient is high, security reliability is high, the solar photovoltaic interconnected inverter of long service life, and to adopt advanced control technology be the combining inverter development trend.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, it possesses simultaneously, and volume is little, cost is low, low in energy consumption, characteristics such as efficient is high, security reliability is high, long service life.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of maximal power tracing control, transless, prevents the control method of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of island effect, so that make the inversion process have the control method of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of higher efficient and fail safe.
First goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises solar cell, combining inverter major loop, utility grid, parallel network reverse controller and parallel operation communication interface; It is characterized in that said combining inverter major loop comprises input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Said input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks are connected successively; The output of the input termination solar cell of said input protection switch, the input of the output termination utility grid of the said switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Said parallel network reverse controller comprises control circuit, logical circuit, drive circuit, sample circuit, battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, booster voltage testing circuit, network voltage detection circuit, grid-connected current testing circuit and electrical network phase detecting circuit; Said sample circuit, control circuit, logical circuit and drive circuit are connected successively; Said sample circuit receives the signal of battery voltage detection circuit, battery current detection circuit, booster voltage testing circuit, network voltage detection circuit and the output of grid-connected current testing circuit respectively; One input of control circuit receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit; Said parallel operation communication interface is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit; One input of the first output termination input protection switch of said drive circuit; One input of the second output termination booster circuit of drive circuit; A be incorporated into the power networks input of switch of one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit of drive circuit, the 4th output termination of drive circuit.
Said booster circuit comprises first inductance, second inductance, first diode, second diode, first power tube, second power tube, first electrochemical capacitor and second electrochemical capacitor; One end of wherein said first inductance and second inductance connects two outputs of input protection switch respectively; The anode tap of said first diode connects the other end of first inductance, and the cathode terminal of said second diode connects the other end of second inductance; The collector electrode of said first power tube connects the anode tap of first diode; The emitter-base bandgap grading of first power tube connects the collector electrode of second power tube and forms the N zero line side; The emitter-base bandgap grading of second power tube connects the cathode terminal of second diode, and the base stage of first power tube and second power tube is connected second output of drive circuit; The positive terminal of said first electrochemical capacitor connects the cathode terminal of first diode; The negative pole end of first electrochemical capacitor connects the positive terminal of second electrochemical capacitor and connects the N zero line side; The negative pole end of second electrochemical capacitor connects the anode tap of second diode; The positive direct voltage of positive terminal output of first electrochemical capacitor, the negative direct voltage of negative pole end output of second electrochemical capacitor.
Said inverter circuit comprises the 3rd power tube, the 4th power tube, filter inductance and filter capacitor; Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube connects the positive terminal of first electrochemical capacitor; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube and connects an end of filter inductance; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube connects the negative pole end of second electrochemical capacitor, and the base stage of the 3rd power tube and the 4th power tube connects the 3rd output of drive circuit; One end of said filter capacitor connects the other end of filter inductance, and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit.
Second goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of control method of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, the input of input protection switch connects solar cell, is used for closure or breaks off being electrically connected of solar cell and combining inverter major loop according to a control signal; Booster circuit is through the input protection switch, in order to the back output one positive negative dc voltage that boosts of the output voltage to solar cell; Inverter circuit connects booster circuit and converts alternating voltage in order to the positive negative dc voltage that booster circuit is exported; The switch that is incorporated into the power networks is connected between inverter circuit and the utility grid, and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks is closed or break off being electrically connected between inverter circuit and the utility grid according to a control signal; The parallel network reverse controller connects input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks, and the operation of control input protection switch, booster circuit, inverter circuit and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Wherein, this control method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: parameters such as the voltage of grid-connected current and the utility grid of control circuit through the voltage and current of sample circuit sampling solar cell, the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of booster circuit, the switch that is incorporated into the power networks and phase place are given the dsp chip of control circuit and the GPLD chip of logical circuit;
Step 2: control circuit and logical circuit judge solar cell takes over the ground whether bump signal normal; Whether overvoltage of booster voltage; Whether the be incorporated into the power networks grid-connected current overcurrent whether of switch, the drive signal of booster circuit and inverter circuit common-mode conducting and pulsewidth be unusual, and whether the voltage of this utility grid and phase place be all normal; If all parameters are normal, then continue to get into step 3; If wherein have parameter undesired, then export control signal and break off the input protection switch and be incorporated into the power networks switch, and break off the pwm control signal of booster circuit and inverter circuit through drive circuit, turn back to step 1;
Step 3: control circuit output control signal is connected the input protection switch; In the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop of solar cell; Then; The control circuit output drive signal is to booster circuit, impel the direct voltage of solar cell boost to positive negative dc voltage promptly ± BUS voltage, continue to get into step 4; Produce first power tube of control booster circuit and the drive signal of second power tube after increasing the power of these drive signals by drive circuit again, making boosts begins to carry out, and export positive negative dc voltage promptly ± BUS voltage; Wherein, booster circuit is implemented maximal power tracing control (MPPT), and then, then execution in step four;
Step 4: the positive negative dc voltage that control circuit is judged booster circuit promptly ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR); Then output drive signal is to inverter circuit; Impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and begin to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of the frequency of inverter circuit, phase place and amplitude and utility grid is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, and voltage magnitude can have certain error; Continue to get into step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 5: control circuit judges that voltage, phase place and the grid-connected current of inverter circuit are in normal range (NR); Control being electrically connected between switch closure inverter circuit and the utility grid of being incorporated into the power networks; The alternating current that inverter circuit is produced is coupled to this utility grid; Continue to get into step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 6: and network process in; Control circuit is through the output voltage and the electric current of sample circuit sampling solar cell; The maximum power that can export solar cell is in real time monitored, and controls with the enforcement MPPT maximum power point tracking, with the duty ratio of the drive signal of adjusting booster circuit in view of the above; Control circuit judges that utility grid breaks down suddenly even sudden power, then exports control signal and breaks off the switch that is incorporated into the power networks, and promptly in time cuts off being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stops the inversion of inverter circuit, and returns step 1;
Step 7: control circuit output control signal is given drive circuit; Connect the switch that is incorporated into the power networks behind the power by drive circuit increase drive signal again; At this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit just is coupled to utility grid, implements the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid, accomplishes the generating electric energy and is incorporated into the power networks; Then, turn back to step 1;
Step 8: control circuit output control signal is broken off the switch that is incorporated into the power networks, and implements the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid, then, turns back to step 1;
Step 9: control circuit output control signal is broken off the input protection switch, implements the electric disconnection of solar cell and combining inverter major loop, then, turns back to step 1.
Said control circuit is also according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell, and adjusts the direct voltage of booster circuit in view of the above; According to the voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid, and adjust the output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit in view of the above.
Said logical circuit also conducting of drive signal common-mode and the pulsewidth according to electric leakage, booster circuit and the inverter circuit of the overcurrent of overvoltage, the switch that is incorporated into the power networks of monitoring booster voltage, solar cell is unusual; And block this drive signal in view of the above, break off the input protection switch and be incorporated into the power networks switch.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is following:
First; The present invention adopts the topological structure of two Boost booster circuits and half-bridge inversion circuit; Smaller volume, weight saving, the cost of combining inverter are reduced, and the pure sine wave of its generation is adjusted easily, can not cause the harm of high-frequency harmonic to utility grid.
Second; Maximum power point tracing method of the present invention is changed the duty ratio of booster circuit drive signal by control circuit; Monitor the output voltage of booster circuit simultaneously, the method for this acquisition maximum power point only needs the voltage of tracking solar battery, has saved complicated calculating and comparison.
The 3rd, island detection of the present invention and control method are at first detected through amplitude by the utility grid voltage signal, confirm that utility grid is in proper working order; Through frequency detecting,, pass through the detection of grid-connected current again to confirm that mains frequency satisfies required precision; At this moment combining inverter is allowed to be incorporated into the power networks, so, only need the parameter of sampling is judged; Need not additional detection circuit, method is simple.At last, can make that the whole system volume is little, cost is low, low in energy consumption, efficient is high, security reliability is high, long service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is power tube Q3 and Q4 drive signal and a sinewave output oscillogram in the inverter circuit shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 4 is the control flow chart of the control circuit of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment this patent is described further.
Preferred forms of the present invention is with reference to shown in Figure 1, and a kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises solar cell 1, combining inverter major loop 2, utility grid 3, parallel network reverse controller 4 and parallel operation communication interface 5; Characteristics of the present invention are that said combining inverter major loop 2 comprises input protection switch 21, booster circuit 22, inverter circuit 23 and the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks; Said input protection switch 21, booster circuit 22, inverter circuit 23 and the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks are connected successively; The output of the input termination solar cell 1 of said input protection switch 21, the input of the output termination utility grid 3 of the said switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks; Said parallel network reverse controller 4 comprises control circuit 41, logical circuit 42, drive circuit 43, sample circuit 44, battery voltage detection circuit 45, battery current detection circuit 46, booster voltage testing circuit 47, network voltage detection circuit 48, grid-connected current testing circuit 49 and electrical network phase detecting circuit 40; Said sample circuit 44, control circuit 41, logical circuit 42 and drive circuit 43 are connected successively; Said sample circuit 44 receives the signal of battery voltage detection circuit 45, battery current detection circuit 46, booster voltage testing circuit 47, network voltage detection circuit 48 and 49 outputs of grid-connected current testing circuit respectively; One input of control circuit 41 receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit 40; Said parallel operation communication interface 5 is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit 41; One input of the first output termination input protection switch 21 of said drive circuit 43; One input of the second output termination booster circuit 22 of drive circuit 43; A be incorporated into the power networks input of switch 24 of one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit 23 of drive circuit 43, the 4th output termination of drive circuit 43.
With reference to shown in Figure 2, input protection switch 21 is to be made up of a relay or a contactor RY, according to the amount of capacity selective relay or the contactor of system.When solar cell 1 electric leakage is broken down with each circuit of combining inverter, first output output control signal of the drive circuit 43 of parallel network reverse controller 4 is broken off this relay or this contactor, the protective effect of enforcement solar photovoltaic generation system.
With reference to shown in Figure 2; Booster circuit 22 is two transformerless circuit of Boost, and it comprises first inductance L 1, second inductance L 2, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the first power tube Q1, the second power tube Q2, the first electrochemical capacitor E1 and the second electrochemical capacitor E2; One end of wherein said first inductance L 1 and second inductance L 2 connects two outputs of input protection switch 21 respectively; The anode tap of the said first diode D1 connects the other end of first inductance L 1, and the cathode terminal of the said second diode D2 connects the other end of second inductance L 2; The collector electrode of the said first power tube Q1 connects the anode tap of the first diode D1; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the first power tube Q1 connects the collector electrode of the second power tube Q2 and forms the N zero line side; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the second power tube Q2 connects the cathode terminal of the second diode D2, and the base stage of the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 is connected second output of drive circuit 43; The positive terminal of the said first electrochemical capacitor E1 connects the cathode terminal of the first diode D1; The negative pole end of the first electrochemical capacitor E1 connects the positive terminal of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 and connects the N zero line side; The negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 connects the anode tap of the second diode D2; The positive direct voltage of positive terminal output of the first electrochemical capacitor E1, the negative direct voltage of negative pole end output of the second electrochemical capacitor E2.Parallel network reverse controller 4 apply fixed-frequency and duty ratio increases and the pulse switch signal that reduces to first and second power tube Q1, Q2; The input voltage VDC that conducting through first and second power tube Q1, Q2 and the switch that ends switch the solar cell 1 that will be coupled to first inductance L 1 and second inductance L, 2 one ends changes; The input voltage VDC of present embodiment is 200V-276V; And from the anode tap of the output of the cathode terminal of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 export ± the BUS direct voltage, present embodiment ± the BUS direct voltage is ± 360VDC.
The operation principle of booster circuit 22 is: when the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 conducting; The electric current of first inductance L 1 and the 2nd L2 inductance increases; Stored energy, at this moment, the first electrochemical capacitor C1 and the second electrochemical capacitor C2 provide energy through discharge type to inverter circuit 23; When the first power tube Q1 and second power tube Q2 shutoff; First inductance L 1 and second inductance L, 2 electric currents are exported from the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 backward; Electric current reduces; On the one hand, energy is provided, on the other hand to the first electrochemical capacitor C1 and second electrochemical capacitor C2 charging to inverter circuit 23.Like this, through conducting and the shutoff that the first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 do not stop, will make this circuit produce positive and negative VD promptly ± BUS voltage.This ± the BUS output voltage decides by this solar cell input voltage VDC and the first power tube Q1 and the duty ratio
of second power tube Q2 switching time, promptly
In the formula;
;
is weekly the ON time of the phase first power tube Q1 and the second power Q2;
is the phase first power tube Q1 and the second power tube Q2 turn-off time weekly;
is the operating frequency of booster circuit 22, gets T=40kHz among the present invention.
Maximal power tracing control algolithm of the present invention adopts simple and effective disturbance observation, and the program of its establishment realizes in parallel network reverse controller 4 easily.Its operation principle is: change the power output of battery through the disturbance to solar cell 1 output voltage, thereby judge the correctness of voltage disturbance direction with the variation of power output.The Boost circuit is equivalent to a variable load, and first power tube Q1 through regulating the Boost circuit and the duty ratio D of second power tube Q2 switching time can make solar cell 1 be in the different working point.Concrete control method is: the first step; Control circuit 41 is gathered the voltage U (k) and the electric current I (k) of this solar cell 1 in real time; And calculate its power output P (k)=U (k) * I (k); Voltage U (k-1) and power P (k-1) with last time compares then, obtains voltage difference △ U (k)=U (k)-U (k-1) and △ P (k)=P (k)-P (k-1), and the product △ PU (k) of two differences=△ U (k) * △ P (k).In second step, control circuit 41 is judged: like △ PU (k)>0, then given desired voltage values is Uref=U (k)+Ustep; < 0, then given desired voltage values is Uref=U (k)-Ustep, and in the formula, Ustep is given voltage steps value like △ PU (k).In the 3rd step, control circuit 41 is according to difference E (k)=Uref-U (k) of the sampled voltage U (k) of given desired voltage values Uref and solar cell 1, and passing ratio integration (PI) control algolithm calculates the duty ratio D of control signal; When given desired voltage values is low; The duty ratio D that calculating reaches will increase, and make Boost contactor closing time elongated, thereby the electric current of Boost inductance will increase; Operating characteristic according to solar cell; Electrorheological is big, and voltage will reduce, the power of output will to maximum power point near; When given desired voltage values was high, calculating the duty ratio D that reaches will reduce, and Boost contactor closing time is reduced; Thereby the electric current of Boost inductance will reduce; According to the operating characteristic of solar cell 1, electric current diminishes, and voltage will increase; The power of output will to maximum power point near, thereby reach the purpose of regulating solar cell 1 power output.When power tracking arrived maximum power point, desired voltage values equated that with actual voltage value the degree of regulation of power output is very little, and it is stable that the duty ratio D of control signal keeps.
With reference to shown in Figure 2, inverter circuit 23 comprises the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power tube Q4, filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3; Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube Q3 connects the positive terminal of the first electrochemical capacitor E1; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube Q3 connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube Q4 and connects the end of filter inductance L3; The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube Q4 connects the negative pole end of the second electrochemical capacitor E2, and the base stage of the 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4 connects the 3rd output of drive circuit 43; The end of said filter capacitor C3 connects the other end of filter inductance L3, and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit 22.
The operation principle of inverter circuit 23 is: like Fig. 2, shown in 3, and in the drive waveforms of the 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4, the conducting of the high expression of level power tube, this power tube of the low expression of level ends.The 3rd power tube Q3 and the 4th power tube Q4 are alternate conduction; And between the 3rd power tube Q3 off period the 4th power Q4 for fixed frequency but the duty ratio difference carry out conducting and end, between the 4th power Q4 off period the 3rd power tube Q3 with fixed frequency but the duty ratio difference carry out conducting and end.It is waveform Va shown in Figure 3 that the such conducting and the mode of ending make the tie point a of the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power Q4 and filter inductance L3 go up waveform.In one embodiment, the high level of Va waveform is+360V that low level is-360V that its intermediate value is 0V.Through the filtering of filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3, the HFS among the voltage Va is filtered away, just obtain a sinusoidal waveform VAC as shown in Figure 3 at the output of inverter circuit 23 and the input of parallel network circuit 24.In one embodiment, the output voltage of VAC is 220V ± 1%.Need to prove because the drive control signal and the Va waveform of inverter circuit 23 are high-frequency signal, so among Fig. 3, obtain illustrating waveform after the high frequency waveforms frequency reduction with the 3rd power tube Q3, the 4th power tube Q4 and Va.High frequency waveforms equates that promptly fixed-frequency is 20kHz in the present embodiment each cycle time, and still each conducting and the time ratio that ends are that duty ratio is different.Duty ratio is changed from small to big and is diminished, and the rule that changes is followed the rule of sine wave pulse width modulated (SPWM).Like this, after filter inductance L3 and filter capacitor C3 filtered HFS, remaining low frequency part just in time was sinusoidal wave.And; The FEEDBACK CONTROL of inverter circuit 23 output voltages through the control circuit in the parallel network reverse controller 4 41 design; Can be according to the duty ratio of the drive signal of big or small real-time regulated the 3rd power tube Q3 of output voltage, the 4th power tube Q4, thus the output voltage V AC that guarantees inverter circuit 23 is in definite accuracy.
With reference to shown in Figure 2, the sinusoidal wave VAC of inverter circuit 23 outputs is transported to utility grid 3 through the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks, and controls the opportunity that sinusoidal wave VAC is coupled to utility grid 3 by parallel network reverse controller 4.Be incorporated into the power networks embodiment of switch 24 with reference to shown in Figure 2, and it comprises 41 controls of control circuit by parallel network reverse controller 4 of the switch of first controllable silicon SCR 1 and second controllable silicon SCR, 2, the first controllable silicon SCR 1 and second controllable silicon SCR 2.When first controllable silicon SCR 1 and second controllable silicon SCR 2 all conducting the time; The output of inverter circuit 23 is that sinusoidal wave VAC and utility grid 3 electrically connect; In first controllable silicon SCR 1 and second controllable silicon SCR 2 any one ended, and then inverter circuit 23 promptly breaks off with utility grid 3.
The operation principle of switch 24 of being incorporated into the power networks is: the output voltage of the control circuit 41 of parallel network reverse controller 4 through 44 pairs of booster voltages of sample circuit promptly ± parameters such as the voltage of BUS voltage, inverter output voltage and phase place and utility grid 3 and phase place carry out island detection and control to realize the above-mentioned function that is incorporated into the power networks.When utility grid 3 breaks down suddenly even sudden power; Perhaps booster circuit 22 breaks down suddenly with inverter circuit 23; Then the control circuit 41 of parallel network reverse controller 4 sends control command immediately, and first controllable silicon SCR 1 of the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks and second controllable silicon SCR 2 are closed, because silicon controlled zero-time switching characteristic; Then inverter circuit 23 breaks off with utility grid 3 at once, has realized that the no gap between combining inverter and the utility grid is switched.Otherwise when combining inverter recovered operate as normal, the switch 204 that is incorporated into the power networks can realize that equally combining inverter seamlessly is cut in the utility grid.
With reference to shown in Figure 4, the control circuit 41 in the parallel network reverse controller 4 and the control flow chart of logical circuit 42 may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: parameters such as the voltage of grid-connected current and the utility grid 3 of control circuit 41 through the voltage and current of sample circuit 44 sampling solar cells 1, the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of volt circuit 22, the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks and phase place are given the dsp chip of control circuit 41 and the GPLD chip of logical circuit 42.
Step 2: control circuit 41 and logical circuit 42 judge solar cell 1 takes over the ground whether bump signal normal; Whether overvoltage of booster voltage 22; Whether the be incorporated into the power networks grid-connected current overcurrent whether of switch 24, the drive signal of booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23 common-mode conducting and pulsewidth be unusual, and whether the voltage of this utility grid 3 and phase place be all normal; If all parameters are normal, then continue to get into step 3; If wherein have parameter undesired, then export control signal and break off input protection switch 21 and be incorporated into the power networks switch 24, and break off the pwm control signal of booster circuit 22 and inverter circuit 23 through drive circuit 43, turn back to step 1; For instance; Whether the input voltage VDC of solar cell 1 is in setting range, and between 200-276V, whether the electric current of solar cell 1 is also in setting range; Amount of capacity according to combining inverter is set; Whether the leakage current of solar cell 1 also is≤10mA that if these parameters are all normal, then execution in step three in setting range;
Step 3: control circuit 41 output control signals are connected input protection switch 21; In the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop 2 of solar cell 1; Then; Control circuit 41 output drive signals are to booster circuit 22, impel the direct voltage of solar cell 1 boost to positive negative dc voltage promptly ± BUS voltage, continue to get into step 4; Produce first power tube Q1 of control booster circuit 22 and the drive signal of the second power tube Q2 after increasing the power of these drive signals by drive circuit 43 again, making boosts begins to carry out, and export positive negative dc voltage promptly ± BUS voltage.Wherein, booster circuit 22 is implemented maximal power tracing control (MPPT), and then, then execution in step four.
In step 4: the positive negative dc voltage that control circuit 41 is judged booster circuits 22 promptly ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR); Output drive signal to inverter circuit 23 then; Impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and begin to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of the frequency of inverter circuit 23, phase place and amplitude and utility grid 3 is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, and voltage magnitude can have certain error; Continue to get into step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1; For instance, ± BUS in setting range as ± 320-± 380VDC between, if these parameters are all normal, then execution in step five; If wherein a certain parameter is undesired, for example ± the BUS electric voltage over press, turn back to step 1.
Step 5: voltage, phase place and grid-connected current that control circuit 41 is judged inverter circuit 23 are in normal range (NR); Control being electrically connected between switch 24 closed inverter circuits 23 and the utility grid 3 of being incorporated into the power networks; The alternating current that inverter circuit 23 is produced is coupled to this utility grid 3; Continue to get into step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1; The control signal that is control circuit 41 output inverter circuits 23 is given drive circuit 43; Produce the 3rd power tube Q3 of control inverter circuit 23 and the drive signal of the 4th power tube Q4 behind the power by drive circuit 43 these drive signals of increase again; Make inversion begin to carry out; The phase place of these drive signals can with utility grid 3 Phase synchronization so that make sine wave phase and the electrical network Phase synchronization that produces after the inversion, then execution in step six.
Step 6: and network process in; Control circuit 41 is through the output voltage and the electric current of sample circuit 44 sampling solar cells 1; In real time 1 maximum power that can export of solar cell is monitored; Implementing MPPT maximum power point tracking control, with the duty ratio of the drive signal of adjusting booster circuit in view of the above.Control circuit 41 judges that utility grid break down suddenly even sudden power, then exports control signal and breaks off the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks, and promptly in time cuts off being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stops the inversion of inverter circuit, and returns step 1.For instance; Grid-connected current amount of capacity according to combining inverter in setting range is set; The voltage of utility grid 3 is also in setting range, and between 200-240VAC, the phase difference of utility grid 3 and inverter circuit 23 is in setting range (as≤30 ') also.If these parameters are all normal, then execution in step seven; If wherein a certain parameter undesired (for example grid-connected current overcurrent), then execution in step eight.
Step 7: control circuit 41 output control signals are given drive circuit 43; Connect the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks behind the power by drive circuit 43 increase drive signals again; At this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit 23 just is coupled to utility grid 3, implements the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid 3, accomplishes the generating electric energy and is incorporated into the power networks; Then, turn back to step 1.
Step 8: control circuit 41 output control signals are broken off the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks, and implement the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid 3, then, turn back to step 1.
Step 9: control circuit 41 output control signals are broken off input protection switch 21, implement the electric disconnection of solar cell 1 and combining inverter, then, turn back to step 1.
In the present embodiment, said control circuit 41 is also according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell 1, and adjusts the direct voltage of booster circuit 22 in view of the above; According to the voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid 3, and adjust the output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit in view of the above.
In the present embodiment; Said logical circuit 42 also conducting of drive signal common-mode and the pulsewidth according to electric leakage, booster circuit 22 and the inverter circuit 23 of the overcurrent of overvoltage, the switch 24 that is incorporated into the power networks of monitoring booster voltage 22, solar cell 1 is unusual; And block this drive signal in view of the above, break off input protection switch 21 and be incorporated into the power networks switch 24.
Claims (6)
1. a solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter comprises solar cell (1), combining inverter major loop (2), utility grid (3), parallel network reverse controller (4) and parallel operation communication interface (5); It is characterized in that said combining inverter major loop (2) comprises input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24); Said input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24) are connected successively; The output of the input termination solar cell (1) of said input protection switch (21), the input of the output termination utility grid (3) of the said switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24); Said parallel network reverse controller (4) comprises control circuit (41), logical circuit (42), drive circuit (43), sample circuit (44), battery voltage detection circuit (45), battery current detection circuit (46), booster voltage testing circuit (47), network voltage detection circuit (48), grid-connected current testing circuit (49) and electrical network phase detecting circuit (40); Said sample circuit (44), control circuit (41), logical circuit (42) and drive circuit (43) are connected successively; Said sample circuit (44) receives the signal of battery voltage detection circuit (45), battery current detection circuit (46), booster voltage testing circuit (47), network voltage detection circuit (48) and grid-connected current testing circuit (49) output respectively; One input of control circuit (41) receives the input signal of electrical network phase detecting circuit (40); Said parallel operation communication interface (5) is connected on an input/output terminal of control circuit (41); One input of the first output termination input protection switch (21) of said drive circuit (43); One input of the second output termination booster circuit (22) of drive circuit (43); A be incorporated into the power networks input of switch (24) of one input of the 3rd output termination inverter circuit (23) of drive circuit (43), the 4th output termination of drive circuit (43).
2. according to right 1 described a kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter, it is characterized in that said booster circuit (22) comprises first inductance (L1), second inductance (L2), first diode (D1), second diode (D2), first power tube (Q1), second power tube (Q2), first electrochemical capacitor (E1) and second electrochemical capacitor (E2); One end of wherein said first inductance (L1) and second inductance (L2) connects two outputs of input protection switch (21) respectively; The anode tap of said first diode (D1) connects the other end of first inductance (L1), and the cathode terminal of said second diode (D2) connects the other end of second inductance (L2); The collector electrode of said first power tube (Q1) connects the anode tap of first diode (D1); The emitter-base bandgap grading of first power tube (Q1) connects the collector electrode of second power tube (Q2) and forms the N zero line side; The emitter-base bandgap grading of second power tube (Q2) connects the cathode terminal of second diode (D2), and first power tube (Q1) is connected second output of drive circuit (43) with the base stage of second power tube (Q2); The positive terminal of said first electrochemical capacitor (E1) connects the cathode terminal of first diode (D1); The negative pole end of first electrochemical capacitor (E1) connects the positive terminal of second electrochemical capacitor (E2) and connects the N zero line side; The negative pole end of second electrochemical capacitor (E2) connects the anode tap of second diode (D2); The positive direct voltage of positive terminal output of first electrochemical capacitor (E1), the negative direct voltage of negative pole end output of second electrochemical capacitor (E2).
3. according to right 1 or 2 described a kind of solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverters, it is characterized in that said inverter circuit (23) comprises the 3rd power tube (Q3), the 4th power tube (Q4), filter inductance (L3) and filter capacitor (C3); Wherein the collector electrode of the 3rd power tube (Q3) connects the positive terminal of first electrochemical capacitor (E1); The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 3rd power tube (Q3) connects the collector electrode of the 4th power tube (Q4) and connects an end of filter inductance (L3); The emitter-base bandgap grading of the 4th power tube (Q4) connects the negative pole end of second electrochemical capacitor (E2), and the base stage of the 3rd power tube (Q3) and the 4th power tube (Q4) connects the 3rd output of drive circuit (43); One end of said filter capacitor (C3) connects the other end of filter inductance (L3), and the other end connects the N zero line side of booster circuit (22).
4. the control method of a solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverter; The input of input protection switch (21) connects solar cell (1), is used for closure or breaks off being electrically connected of solar cell (1) and combining inverter major loop (2) according to a control signal; Booster circuit (22) is through input protection switch (21), in order to the back output one positive negative dc voltage that boosts of the output voltage to solar cell (1); Inverter circuit (23) connects booster circuit (22) and converts alternating voltage in order to the positive negative dc voltage that booster circuit (22) is exported; The switch (24) that is incorporated into the power networks is connected between inverter circuit (23) and the utility grid (3), and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24) is closed or break off being electrically connected between inverter circuit (23) and the utility grid (3) according to a control signal; Parallel network reverse controller (4) connects input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24), and the operation of control input protection switch (21), booster circuit (22), inverter circuit (23) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24); Wherein, this control method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: parameters such as the voltage of grid-connected current and the utility grid (3) of control circuit (41) through the voltage and current of sample circuit (44) sampling solar cell (1), the positive negative output voltage ± BUS of booster circuit (22), the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24) and phase place are given the dsp chip of control circuit (41) and the GPLD chip of logical circuit (42);
Step 2: control circuit (41) and logical circuit (42) judge solar cell (1) takes over the ground whether bump signal normal; Whether overvoltage of booster voltage (22); Whether the be incorporated into the power networks grid-connected current overcurrent whether of switch (24), the drive signal of booster circuit (22) and inverter circuit (23) common-mode conducting and pulsewidth be unusual, and whether the voltage of this utility grid (3) and phase place be all normal; If all parameters are normal, then continue to get into step 3; If wherein have parameter undesired, then export control signal and break off input protection switch (21) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24), and break off the pwm control signal of booster circuit (22) and inverter circuit (23) through drive circuit (43), turn back to step 1;
Step 3: control circuit (41) output control signal is connected input protection switch (21); In the direct voltage access grid-connected inverter major loop (2) of solar cell (1); Then; Control circuit (41) output drive signal is to booster circuit (22), impel the direct voltage of solar cell (1) boost to positive negative dc voltage promptly ± BUS voltage, continue to get into step 4; Increase first power tube (Q1) and the drive signal of second power tube (Q2) that produces control booster circuit (22) behind the power of these drive signals by drive circuit (43) again, making boosts begins to carry out, and exports positive negative dc voltage and be ± BUS voltage; Wherein, booster circuit (22) is implemented maximal power tracing control (MPPT), and then, then execution in step four;
Step 4: the positive negative dc voltage that control circuit (41) is judged booster circuit (22) promptly ± BUS voltage is in normal range (NR); Output drive signal to inverter circuit (23) then; Impel positive negative dc voltage best friend to flow voltage and begin to carry out inversion, wherein the alternating current of frequency, phase place and the amplitude of inverter circuit (23) and utility grid (3) is with frequency, homophase and constant amplitude, and voltage magnitude can have certain error; Continue to get into step 5, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 5: control circuit (41) judges that voltage, phase place and the grid-connected current of inverter circuit (23) are in normal range (NR); Control being electrically connected between the closed inverter circuit of switch (24) (23) and the utility grid (3) of being incorporated into the power networks; The alternating current that inverter circuit (23) is produced is coupled to this utility grid (3); Continue to get into step 6, otherwise turn back to step 1;
Step 6: and network process in; Control circuit (41) is through the output voltage and the electric current of sample circuit (44) sampling solar cell (1); The maximum power that can export solar cell (1) is in real time monitored; Implementing MPPT maximum power point tracking control, with the duty ratio of the drive signal of adjusting booster circuit in view of the above; Control circuit (41) judges that utility grid breaks down suddenly even sudden power; Then export control signal and break off the switch (24) that is incorporated into the power networks; Promptly in time cut off being electrically connected between this combining inverter and this utility grid, stop the inversion of inverter circuit, and return step 1;
Step 7: control circuit (41) output control signal is given drive circuit (43); Connect the switch (24) that is incorporated into the power networks behind the power by drive circuit (43) increase drive signal again; At this moment the output VAC of inverter circuit (23) just is coupled to utility grid (3), implements the electric connection of combining inverter and utility grid (3), accomplishes the generating electric energy and is incorporated into the power networks; Then, turn back to step 1;
Step 8: control circuit (41) output control signal is broken off the switch (24) that is incorporated into the power networks, and implements the electric disconnection of combining inverter and utility grid (3), then, turns back to step 1;
Step 9: control circuit (41) output control signal is broken off input protection switch (21), implements the electric disconnection of solar cell (1) and combining inverter major loop (2), then, turns back to step 1.
5. according to the control method of right 4 described solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverters; It is characterized in that said control circuit (41) also according to the peak power output of monitoring solar cell (1), and adjust the direct voltage of booster circuit (22) in view of the above; According to the voltage and the phase place of monitoring utility grid (3), and adjust the output voltage and the phase place of inverter circuit in view of the above.
6. according to the control method of right 4 described solar energy power generating single-phase grid-connected inverters; Also conducting of drive signal common-mode and the pulsewidth according to electric leakage, booster circuit (22) and the inverter circuit (23) of the overcurrent of overvoltage, the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24) of monitoring booster voltage (22), solar cell (1) is unusual to it is characterized in that said logical circuit (42); And block this drive signal in view of the above, break off input protection switch (21) and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks (24).
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