TWI513036B - 單光子光源組件及其製造方法 - Google Patents

單光子光源組件及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI513036B
TWI513036B TW102133295A TW102133295A TWI513036B TW I513036 B TWI513036 B TW I513036B TW 102133295 A TW102133295 A TW 102133295A TW 102133295 A TW102133295 A TW 102133295A TW I513036 B TWI513036 B TW I513036B
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Ching Hsueh Chiu
Ya Wen Lin
Po Min Tu
Shih Cheng Huang
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Advanced Optoelectronic Tech
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Description

單光子光源組件及其製造方法
本發明涉及一種單光子光源組件的製造方法,尤其涉及一種包含尺寸均一、位置固定的量子點的單光子光源組件的製造方法,以及採用此方法製造的單光子光源組件。
單光子光源是執行量子資訊(尤其是量子密碼及量子電腦)最重要的組件,而單顆半導體量子點是製作固態單光子光源最適合的材料。通常採用自上而下或自下而上的方法製造量子點結構,但此兩種方法製造的量子點結構的位置是隨機的,而且量子點的尺寸大小不一致,從而導致難以製造尺寸一致的單光子光源組件。
有鑒於此,有必要提供一種製造尺寸一致的量子點的單光子光源組件的方法以及相應的單光子光源組件。
一種單光子光源組件製造方法,包括以下步驟:提供一前驅體,該前驅體包含一基板及在該基板上依次生長的一未摻雜的低溫GaN層、一未摻雜的高溫GaN層、一N型GaN層、一量子阱層和一結構層,所述量子阱層的材料為InxGa1-xN,其中,0<x1,所述結構層的材料為AlyGa1-yN,其中0y1; 蝕刻所述前驅體的結構層、量子阱層和N型GaN層並形成楔形結構的陣列和一平面區,其中N型GaN層未被完全蝕刻;蝕刻楔形結構為柱狀結構;在NH3氣氛中熱處理,使量子阱層轉變為量子點層,所述量子點層為包含量子點的InzGa1-zN層,其中,0<z<1;在柱狀結構側面及柱狀結構之間的N型GaN層的上表面生長一高介電層;在柱狀結構的頂面所在平面之上依次生長一P型GaN層和一ITO層;在ITO層上和平面區上分別設置電極。
一種單光子光源組件,包括:一基板以及在該基板上依次生長的一未摻雜的低溫GaN層、一未摻雜的高溫GaN層、一N型GaN層,所述N型GaN層表面包含一平面區,該平面區旁的N型GaN層表面上設置有柱狀結構的陣列,所述柱狀結構為多層結構,底層為N型GaN層,中層為量子點層,頂層為結構層,所述N型GaN層與所述N型GaN層為一體結構;一高介電層,生長於柱狀結構側面及柱狀結構之間的N型GaN層的上表面;一P型GaN層和一ITO層,依次生長於柱狀結構的頂面所在平面之上;以及電極,分別設置於ITO層上和平面區上。
在本發明所提供的單光子光源組件及其製造方法中,通過蝕刻的方式設置待形成量子點的陣列,因此形成量子點的位置固定,且待形成量子點的陣列的單元面積一致,因此形成的量子點的尺寸均一性高,從而使得採用本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的量子點的位置和尺寸都具有均一性。
100‧‧‧前驅體
110‧‧‧基板
120‧‧‧未摻雜的低溫GaN層
130‧‧‧未摻雜的高溫GaN層
140、141‧‧‧N型GaN層
150‧‧‧量子阱層
151‧‧‧量子點層
1501‧‧‧量子點
160‧‧‧結構層
170‧‧‧高介電層
171‧‧‧空隙區域
180‧‧‧P型GaN層
190‧‧‧ITO層
200‧‧‧平面區
201‧‧‧楔形結構
202‧‧‧柱狀結構
2021‧‧‧側面
2022‧‧‧上表面
2023‧‧‧頂面
301‧‧‧第一電極
302‧‧‧第二電極
400‧‧‧半成品
圖1是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第一個步驟。
圖2是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第二個步驟。
圖3是圖2步驟中得到的楔形結構的SEM圖。
圖4是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第三個步驟。
圖5是圖4步驟中得到的柱狀結構的側視SEM圖。
圖6是圖4步驟中得到的柱狀結構的俯視SEM圖。
圖7為圖4步驟中得到的柱狀結構陣列的第一種排布方式圖。
圖8為圖4步驟中得到的柱狀結構陣列的第二種排布方式圖。
圖9是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第四個步驟。
圖10是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第五個步驟。
圖11是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第六個步驟。
圖12是本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法的第七個步驟。
下面結合附圖對本發明作進一步的詳細說明。
請參見圖1,首先提供一前驅體100,所述前驅體100包含一基板110及在該基板110上依次生長的一未摻雜的低溫GaN層120、一未摻雜的高溫GaN層130、一N型GaN層140、一量子阱層150和一結構層160。
所述基板110可選擇藍寶石(Al2O3)、碳化矽(SiC)、矽(Si)或氮化鎵(GaN)中的一種,具體可根據所需要達到的物理性能和光學特性以及成本預算而定。
所述量子阱層150的材料為InxGa1-xN(0<x1),其中,當x=1時,所述量子阱層150的材料為InN。所述量子阱層150厚度為0~100nm。所述結構層160的材料為AlyGa1-yN(0y1),其中,當y=0時,所述結構層160的材料為GaN,當y=1時,所述結構層160的材料為AlN。所述量子阱層150和結構層160構成單量子阱結構。需要說明的是,本發明不僅可採用所述單量子阱結構,也可採用多量子阱結構。
優選的,所述量子阱層150厚度為2nm。
請參見圖2及圖3,可採用微影蝕刻法或納米牙印法,將所述前驅 體100的結構層160、量子阱層150和N型GaN層140蝕刻為若干楔形結構201的陣列和一平面區200,其中N型GaN層140在厚度方向未被完全蝕刻。所述楔形結構201的高度H為0.2~1μm。
優選的,所述楔形結構201的高度H為0.5μm。
請參閱圖4,可採用化學蝕刻法將所述楔形結構201蝕刻為柱狀結構202,經過此步驟得到半成品400。具體的,可選擇KOH溶液為蝕刻溶液對楔形結構201進行蝕刻。所述柱狀結構202的高度D為0.2~1μm。所述柱狀結構202的寬度X為0~100nm。所述柱狀結構202的側視SEM圖及俯視SEM圖如圖5及圖6所示。
將楔形結構201蝕刻為柱狀結構202不僅可以減小材料內部的應力,同時可以減少由楔形結構201表面的懸空鍵引起的漏電流,從而提高本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的發光性能。
另外,所述柱狀結構202形成的陣列可選擇不同的排布方式。相鄰的柱狀結構202之間的距離Y為50~500nm。請參閱圖7及圖8。圖7示出了採用六角最緊密堆積的排布方式形成的柱狀結構202陣列,其中相鄰的柱狀結構202之間的距離Y為200nm。圖8示出了採用正方形排布方式形成的柱狀結構202陣列,其中相鄰的柱狀結構202之間的距離Y為200nm。需要說明的是,柱狀結構202形成的陣列的排布方式並不拘泥於以上兩種方式,也可採用其他的排布方式。
請參閱圖9,在NH3氣氛中,採用MOCVD機台,對經過“蝕刻楔形結構201為柱狀結構202”形成的半成品400進行熱處理以使得所述量子阱層150轉變為量子點層151。所述熱處理的溫度為 700~900℃,時間為1~5min,壓力為50~760torr。
優選的,熱處理溫度為750℃,時間為2min,壓力為500torr。
具體原理如下:由於材料GaN和InN的晶格差異,導致In在GaN中的溶解度有限。由於溶解度可隨溫度而改變,因此通過熱處理,使In在GaN中的溶解度變小,從而產生納米尺度的In的富集區,所述納米尺度的In的富集區即所述量子點1501。
需要說明的是,如果量子阱層150為InxGa1-xN(0<x<1),則量子點層151為包含InGaN量子點1501的InzGa1-zN層,其中,0<z<1;如果量子阱層150為InxGa1-xN(x=1),也即量子阱層150為InN,則量子點層151為包含InN量子點的InN層。
請參閱圖10,在柱狀結構202的側面2021及柱狀結構202之間的N型GaN層140的上表面2022生長一高介電層170。所述高介電層170為一氧化層,具體的材料可選擇SiOmNn
所述高介電層170厚度均勻,並且相鄰柱狀結構202的高介電層170之間形成空隙區域171,所述高介電層170的厚度P為10-30nm。
進一步的,所述高介電層170的厚度P為15nm。
需要說明的是,在生長所述高介電層170的過程中,也可以通過延長生長時間以使得高介電層170填充滿柱狀結構202之間的間隙,從而不形成空隙區域171。
請參閱圖11,在柱狀結構202的頂面2023所在平面之上依次生長P型GaN層180及ITO層190。
在此步驟中,由於P型GaN材料和結構層160的材料的晶格結構差異較小,因此P型GaN材料首先生長於結構層160之上,也即首先生長於柱狀結構202的頂面2023上,待所述P型GaN材料生長到一定厚度時,使所述P型GaN材料的生長方向轉變為側向生長,最終使得在柱狀結構202的頂面2023所在平面之上形成P型GaN層180。
在本實施例中,P型GaN層180形成於柱狀結構202的頂面2023以及柱狀結構202之間的空隙區域171上方。
請參閱圖12,在平面區200上和ITO層190上分別設置第一電極301和第二電極302。
本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法,通過在固定位置設置待形成量子點1501的陣列、並保證待形成量子點1501的陣列的單元面積一致,以形成包含排布均勻的、尺寸一致的量子點1501的單光子發光光源。
請參閱圖12,本發明還提供採用本發明所提供的單光子光源組件的製造方法所製造的單光子光源組件,該單光子光源組件包括:一基板110以及在該基板110上依次生長的一未摻雜的低溫GaN層120、一未摻雜的高溫GaN層130和一N型GaN層140;N型GaN層140表面包含一平面區200,該平面區200旁的N型GaN層140表面上設置有柱狀結構202的陣列,所述柱狀結構202為多層結構,底層為N型GaN層141,中層為一量子點層151,頂層為一結構層160,所述N型GaN層141與所述N型GaN層140為一體結構。
所述柱狀結構202的高度D為0.2~1μm。所述柱狀結構202的寬度X為0~100nm。所述柱狀結構202之間的距離Y為50~500nm。
優選的,所述柱狀結構202的高度D為0.5μm。所述柱狀結構202的寬度X為50nm。所述柱狀結構202之間的距離Y為200nm。
柱狀結構202的側面2021及柱狀結構202之間的N型GaN層140的上表面2022生長有一高介電層170。
柱狀結構202的頂面2023所在平面之上依次生長有一P型GaN層180和一ITO層190。
優選的,所述高介電層170厚度均勻,並且相鄰柱狀結構202的高介電層170之間形成有空隙區域171,所述高介電層170的厚度P為10~30nm。柱狀結構202的頂面2023及空隙區域171之上依次生長有一P型GaN層180和一ITO層190。
優選的,所述高介電層170的厚度P為15nm。
本發明之技術內容及技術特點已揭示如上,然而熟悉本項技術之人士仍可能基於本發明之教示及揭示而作種種不背離本發明精神之替換及修飾。因此,本發明之保護範圍應不限於實施例所揭示者,而應包括各種不背離本發明之替換及修飾,並為以下之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。
110‧‧‧基板
120‧‧‧未摻雜的低溫GaN層
130‧‧‧未摻雜的高溫GaN層
140‧‧‧N型GaN層
151‧‧‧量子點層
1501‧‧‧量子點
160‧‧‧結構層
180‧‧‧P型GaN層
190‧‧‧ITO層
301‧‧‧第一電極
302‧‧‧第二電極

Claims (9)

  1. 一種單光子光源組件製造方法,包括以下步驟:提供一前驅體,該前驅體包含一基板及在該基板上依次生長的一未摻雜的低溫GaN層、一未摻雜的高溫GaN層、一N型GaN層、一量子阱層和一結構層,所述量子阱層的材料為InxGa1-xN,其中,0<x1,所述結構層的材料為AlyGa1-yN,其中0y1;蝕刻所述前驅體的結構層、量子阱層和N型GaN層並形成楔形結構的陣列和一平面區,其中N型GaN層未被完全蝕刻;蝕刻楔形結構為柱狀結構;在NH3氣氛中熱處理,使量子阱層轉變為量子點層,所述量子點層為包含量子點的InzGa1-zN層,其中,0<z1;在柱狀結構側面及柱狀結構之間的N型GaN層的上表面生長一高介電層;在柱狀結構的頂面所在平面之上依次生長一P型GaN層和一ITO層;在ITO層上和平面區上分別設置電極。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,所述量子阱層厚度為0~100nm。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,所述楔形結構和柱狀結構的高度為0.2~1μm。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,所述柱狀結構的寬度為0~100nm。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,相鄰的柱狀結構之間的距離為50~500nm。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,所述熱處 理溫度為700~900℃,時間為1~5min,壓力為50~760torr。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,高介電層為一氧化層。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,相鄰的柱狀結構的高介電層之間形成空隙區域。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之單光子光源組件製造方法,其中,所述高介電層厚度為10-30nm。
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