TWI504624B - 聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑、其組成物及其製造方法 - Google Patents
聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑、其組成物及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI504624B TWI504624B TW098117595A TW98117595A TWI504624B TW I504624 B TWI504624 B TW I504624B TW 098117595 A TW098117595 A TW 098117595A TW 98117595 A TW98117595 A TW 98117595A TW I504624 B TWI504624 B TW I504624B
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- isocyanate
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Description
本發明關於一種聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,及在非水性有機介質中使用該聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑之含分散粒狀固體的分散液、研磨基料、油漆、與印墨。特別地,此聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑包含具有橫向附著三級胺基(視情況地四級化)之本質上線型固定部分、及終端附著溶劑溶解聚酯、聚醚、及/或聚丙烯酸酯鏈。
WO 2004/104064號專利揭示梳型微結構之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其具有本質上線型主幹及聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚、或聚烯烴之橫向附著溶劑溶解側鏈(包括此側鏈之混合物)。對應2007年12月3日提出且在約2008年6月12日公告之PCT US07/086233號專利的後續申請案WO 2008/070601教示具三級及/或四級胺基之對應梳型微結構聚合物。
依照本發明提供一種非水性組成物,其包含粒狀固體、有機介質、及聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其具有一或多個衍生自二官能基胺基甲酸酯形成反應物之本質上線型固定段、及聚酯、聚醚、及/或聚丙烯酸酯之終端附著溶劑溶解終端鏈(包括此終端鏈之混合物)、及在該固定主幹段上具三級及/或四級化三級胺之橫向附著基。在一個具體實施例中希望三級胺之氮原子與固定段分隔1至20個中介原子。在一個具體實施例中,本質上線型固定主幹段係藉二異氰酸酯與具兩個對異氰酸酯基為反應性之基及三級及/或四級胺基的化合物之反應形成。在一個具體實施例中,製造本質上線型固定主幹段之該二異氰酸酯的全部異氰酸酯基之約50至約95莫耳%與該具兩個對異氰酸酯基為反應性之基且具有三級及/或四級化三級胺基的化合物反應。現已發現三級胺基(視情況地四級化)對於難以固定之分散劑特別有效而膠化地安定粒狀材料。在一個具體實施例中將大部分三級胺基四級化。亦與非水性組成物分別地敘述及申請聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑。亦提出一種由所述化合物群組製造分散劑之方法。
依照本發明提供一種非水性組成物,其包含粒狀固體、有機介質、及聚胺基甲酸酯(PU)分散劑,其具有本質上線型固定主幹結構、及聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯之(較佳為平均大約兩個)終端附著溶劑溶解鏈(包括此鏈之混合物)。此聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑亦包含三級脂族胺部分,其中胺氮與固定主幹在氮與主幹原子之間間隔至少1個原子而分隔。三級胺部分視情況地經四級化。特定有機溶劑介質用溶劑溶解側鏈之最適選擇依有機介質之極性而定。有機介質之選擇依其中分散顆粒之較佳有機介質而定。
聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑可藉任何此技藝已知方法製備,而且可藉由將以下一起反應而得:
a)一或多種平均官能基為約2.0至2.5個,在另一個具體實施例中為約2.0至約2.1或2.2個,而且在第三具體實施例中為約2.0個之二異氰酸酯;
b)一或多種具有下式之三級胺基的化合物,
包括其鹽。R α
與R β
各獨立地為烷基、芳烷基、環烷基、或芳基,而且不含可與異氰酸酯反應之基。R γ
為2個與異氰酸酯反應之部分在一個具體實施例中,較佳為R γ
含約1.9或2.0至2.5個,在另一個具體實施例中為約1.9或2至約2.1或2.2個與異氰酸酯反應之基。其特佳為含約/至少或在另一個具體實施例中為2.0個與異氰酸酯反應之基。
c)視情況地,一或多種數量平均分子量為32至小於500達耳頓(Dalton)之胺基甲酸酯形成化合物,其具有兩個與異氰酸酯反應之基;
d)一或多種溶劑溶解聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯鏈,包含一個與異氰酸酯反應之基,其位於接近聚合物鏈之一端使得在該基與本質上線型固定主幹段上之異氰酸酯反應之後,溶劑溶解鏈係相對固定聚合物主幹為終端地配置;及
e)視情況地,一或多種具有至少一個聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯鏈、及約兩個與異氰酸酯反應之基的溶劑溶解鏈,其位於接近聚合物鏈之各端使得聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯(聚丙烯酸)鏈可連接兩個與其連接之分離固定主幹段。為了本申請案之目的,其希望成分(e)之異氰酸酯反應性基接近聚合物之各端而分均在一端,以避免成分(e)成為橫向附著兩個經成分(e)連接之本質上線型固定主幹段的溶解鏈。此外預期在成分(d)為聚醚時,成分(e)可為聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯(類似地在(d)為聚丙烯酸酯時(e)可為聚醚或聚酯),及(類似地在(d)為聚酯時(e)可為聚丙烯酸酯或聚醚)。
為了控制黏度,惰性溶劑可在形成固定聚合物段及或分散劑之前、期間或之後加入。合適溶劑之實例為丙酮、甲乙酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、二甘二甲醚、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、乙酸丁酯、乙酸甲氧基丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯與丙二醇二乙酸酯、乙二醇二乙酸酯與丙二醇乙酸酯之烷醚、甲苯、與二甲苯。較佳溶劑為乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸甲氧基丙酯。異氰酸酯反應性溶劑(例如醇)可在異氰酸酯反應結束後加入。較佳之醇為甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、己醇、與丁氧基乙醇。特佳為丁氧基乙醇與丙醇。
成分(c)(若存在)主要作為固定段用鏈延長劑以改變固定段之溶解度。在一個具體實施例中,分散劑不含成分(c)。在此具體實施例中,固定段本質上包括成分(a)與(b)之反應產物。在一個具體實施例中,其可具有32至小於500道耳頓之分子量,而且希望每個分子具有約2個異氰酸酯反應性基之官能基。其包括二胺或二醇。成分(c)用合適二胺之實例為乙二胺、1,4-丁二胺、與1,6-己二胺。成分(c)用合適二醇之實例為1,6-己二醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇(CHDM)、1,2-十二碳二醇、2-苯基-1,2-丙二醇、1,4-苯二甲醇、1,4-丁二醇、與新戊二醇。其預期希望某些顏料合併一些胺基甲酸酯形成成分以改變固定段(即具橫向附著三級胺基之本質上線型固定主幹段)。為了本發明之目的,符合成分(e)之說明的二醇或二胺不視為成分(c)而為成分(e),以避免困擾。
這些成分通常在實質上無水條件下及在惰性大氣中(一般為0至130℃之溫度),視情況地在惰性溶劑存在下及視情況地在觸媒存在下,以各種加入次序組合。惰性大氣可由週期表之任何惰氣提供,但是較佳為氮。特佳觸媒為脂族酸之錫錯合物,如二月桂酸二丁錫(DBTDL)與三級胺。
在一個具體實施例中將成分b)在併入PU中之前或之後四級化。在一個具體實施例中,特佳為將成分b)在併入PU中之後四級化。四級化之量依良好地固定於經選擇/較佳顏料或顆粒之平均所需量而定。現已發現在聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑中包括側接本質上線型固定主幹之四級化三級氮原子改良一些粒狀固體於有機液體之分散液的膠體安定性。在一個具體實施例中,按本質上線型固定主幹段之重量計,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑中遠離(亦稱為側接或分隔)線型主幹之三級胺基(視情況地四級化)的氮量較佳為約1至約4重量%,更佳為1.5至3.5重量%,而且在將超過50莫耳%四級化之具體實施例中為約1.5至2.5重量%,及在將小於50莫耳%四級化之具體實施例中為約2.5至3.5重量%。聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑亦可視情況地含其他併入線型固定主幹中之三級胺基,但是其不意圖佔以上三級胺基中氮原子之指定量。
三級胺可藉已知四級化試劑四級化。較佳之四級化試劑為烷基鹵、芳烷基鹵、碳酸二烷酯、硫酸二烷酯、或環氧化物。特佳之四級化試劑為硫酸二甲酯、苄基氯或氧化苯乙烯。較佳為將固定段內之三級胺基四級化至某種程度。按遠端三級胺基之莫耳數計,在一個具體實施例中,側接固定段及/或聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑之三級胺基的四級化程度為>10%,在另一個具體實施例中為>20或>30%,而且在更佳具體實施例中,某些顏料之四級化程度為>45或>60%,而且最佳為其>80%。
在一個具體實施例中,較佳為Rγ
含平均2個與異氰酸酯反應之基。
其可加入酸以與成分b)中之三級胺部分形成鹽。
在一個具體實施例中,非水性組成物視情況地含按組成物中全部溶劑之總重量計為5重量%或更少,較佳為小於2重量%,更佳為小於0.5重量%之水,而且最佳為無水。
較佳為成分(a)為二異氰酸酯或二異氰酸酯之混合物,如甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、己烷二異氰酸酯(HDI)、α,α-四甲基二甲苯二異氰酸酯(TMXDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二異氰酸酯(4,4’-MDI)、二苯基甲烷-2,4’-二異氰酸酯(2,4’-MDI)、與二環己基甲烷-4,4’-二異氰酸酯(HMDI)。成分(a)較佳為TDI或IPDI或MDI。特佳為TDI。
在一個具體實施例中,與成分(b)之異氰酸酯反應性基反應的成分a)異氰酸酯基之莫耳%希望為約5至95莫耳%,在另一個具體實施例中為50-95%,及在另一個具體實施例中為75-95%,而且甚至更佳為80-95%。殘餘異氰酸酯基通常與胺基甲酸酯形成成分(c)或與溶劑溶解鏈(d)及/或選用成分(e)反應。在一個具體實施例中,由於在胺基甲酸酯化學中習知上使用過量異氰酸酯,以防與反應器系統中外來水之反應消耗或將一些活性異氰酸酯基轉化成其他基(如與異氰酸酯反應之基),NCO:OH比例可高於1:1。
成分b)之結構係使得在將其經與衍生自成分b)之三級胺基之異氰酸酯之反應併入聚胺基甲酸酯中時橫向地附著固定主幹,使得三級氮原子藉由至少1個原子自本質上線型固定主幹段之主幹上的最接近原子分隔。更佳為三級氮原子藉由至少2個原子自主幹上之最接近原子分隔,而且特佳為三級氮原子藉由至少3個原子自主幹上之最接近原子分隔。其較佳為三級氮原子藉由少於20個原子自主幹上之最接近原子分隔。更佳為三級氮原子藉由少於15個原子自主幹上之最接近原子分隔。特佳為三級氮原子藉由少於10個原子自主幹上之最接近原子分隔。此橫向附著三級胺據信對某些粒狀固體提供較佳之固定。亦可將三級胺部分地或完全地四級化以形成四級銨鹽。在一個具體實施例中,其希望大部分成分b)之基(與異氰酸酯為反應性)例如至少80、至少85、至少90或至少95莫耳%,與異氰酸酯基反應而形成本質上線型固定主幹段。為了本申請案之目的,主幹原子視為形成第一重複單元之第一原子與最後重複單元之最後原子間的原子之連續互連鏈的聚合物原子。側接主幹之原子(如TDI中之甲基或聚(1,2-環氧丙烷)中之CH3
)不視為主幹原子,而是稱為側接部分。為了本申請案之目的,主幹段(特別是在指稱主幹或主幹段之分子量時)係解讀成包括不僅主幹原子,亦及與主幹原子側接之原子及橫向結構/部分。為了本申請案及申請專利範圍之目的,所述固定段之名詞「本質上線型」的用法係解讀成表示形成固定段之成分(a)、(b)、視情況地及(c)通常均為二官能基反應物,使得固定段中不存在任何顯著百分比之源自三官能基或更高官能基反應物的聚合物分支。小側接基中橫向附著三級氮原子之存在為希望的,而且不否定名詞「本質上線型」。
成分(b)之實例為:源自二烷胺基烷基胺對含羥基官能基之α,β-不飽和羰基化合物的麥可加成之產物。合適二烷胺基烷基胺之一些實例可由式R1
(R2
)NR3
NH2
表示,其中R1
與R2
獨立地為C1
-C6
烷基部分。R1
與R2
可一起形成含5至8個碳原子之環形結構。R3
為C1
至C12
線型或分支伸烷基。合適含羥基官能基之α,β-不飽和羰基化合物的實例包括丙烯酸羥烷酯,如丙烯酸羥乙酯、丙烯酸羥丙酯或丙烯酸羥丁酯。成分c)之較佳實例為藉二甲胺基丙胺與丙烯酸2-羥乙酯之反應形成之3-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]胺基}丙酸2-羥基乙酯(化合物Z),如以下所描述。
丙烯酸二烷胺基烷酯與胺基醇之麥可加成產物。丙烯酸二烷胺基烷酯之實例包括丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯、丙烯酸二甲胺基丙酯、丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯、與丙烯酸二乙胺基丙酯。麥可加成係使用丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯與胺基醇描述於以下之反應圖。
胺基醇之實例包括C1-C12烷醇胺,其中R=(CH2
)n
及,或胺基乙氧基乙醇,其中R=CH2
OCH2
CH2
。實例之一2,2-貳((二乙胺基)甲基)-1,3-丙二醇在聚胺基甲酸酯中產生2個側接三級氮。
如上所述,其可藉2莫耳之二烷胺基烷基胺與1莫耳之式5不飽和化合物的麥可加成反應得到化合物。
其中Q、T與R7
如前所定義。式5不飽和化合物之實例特別是二丙烯酸酯,其中T為C4-10
伸烷基殘基、聚氧伸乙基殘基或氧基乙氧基聯酚A殘基。
化合物(d)為含約1個與異氰酸酯反應之基的聚醚、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯。較佳為此基位於聚合物之鏈端。較佳為此基為羥基或胺基,更佳為羥基。這些與異氰酸酯反應之基亦稱為具Zerewitinoff氫之基。已知胺基甲酸酯化學中之Zerewitinoff氫存在於OH、SH、<NH、與NH2
上。為了本申請書之目的,本文專注於與異氰酸酯反應之羥基及胺基。聚醚、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯之較佳數量平均分子量為500-20,000,更佳為500-10,000,而且最佳為500-5000道耳頓。甚至更佳為1000-4000之分子量。為了控制分散劑之結構,其希望成分(d)在用於形成分散劑(線型固定段)之反應條件下僅具有平均1個與異氰酸酯反應之基。每個成分(d)僅具有1個異氰酸酯反應性基促使成分(d)為固定段之終端溶解基而非兩個線型固定段間之鏈延長劑。
成分(e)為含約2個與異氰酸酯反應之基的溶劑溶解聚醚、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯鏈、或其混合物。較佳為此基位於接近聚合物之鏈端。較佳為此基為羥基及/或胺基,更佳為羥基。在成分(e)為二醇時亦可為聚醚,如聚(C2-4
伸烷二醇)、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯二醇。聚伸烷二醇可為含重複伸乙氧基、伸丙氧基或伸丁氧基之無規或嵌段(共)聚合物,包括其混合物。在二醇或二胺為溶解聚(C2-4
伸烷二醇)、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯二醇之狀況,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑包含二或更多個以一或多個二官能基溶劑溶解鏈(e)延伸之本質上線型固定主幹段鏈。聚醚、聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯之較佳數量平均分子量為500-20,000,更佳為500-10,000,而且最佳為500-5000。甚至更佳為1000-4000道耳頓之分子量。
為了控制分散劑之結構,其希望成分(e)在用於形成分散劑(線型固定段)之反應條件下僅具有平均2個與異氰酸酯反應之基。每個成分(e)具有2個異氰酸酯反應性基促使成分(e)作為兩個線型固定段間之鏈延長劑。成分e)僅存在於其中需要二或更多個線型固定主幹段之具體實施例。此時意圖在產物僅具有單一固定主幹段與2個終端溶解鏈端時不預期使用成分e)。
在其中終端溶解鏈(d)及/或成分(e)為聚丙烯酸酯(有時稱為聚丙烯酸)之具體實施例中,其較佳為得自丙烯酸烷酯或甲基丙烯酸烷酯之聚合。聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯可藉(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體之自由基聚合製備。成分(d)可在單羥基官能基鏈轉移劑(例如巰醇)存在下製備,以賦與單官能基。其他之乙烯基單體(如苯乙烯、乙烯酯等)可共聚合成為聚丙烯酸酯,其條件為不顯著地負面影響在分散劑用經選擇溶劑系統中之溶解度,或與三級及/或四級化三級胺負面地交互作用。在一個具體實施例中,非丙烯酸酯單體小於聚丙烯酸酯之全部重複單元的30、小於20、及小於10莫耳%。較佳為巰醇包括2-巰乙醇、1-巰-2-丙醇、3-巰-1-丙醇、1-巰-2-丙醇、4-巰-1-丁醇、6-巰-1-己醇、4-巰酚。較佳為聚合可在非官能性自由基引發劑(例如偶氮型引發劑)存在下實行。合適偶氮引發劑之實例包括2,2’-偶氮貳(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮貳(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮貳異丁腈、2,2’-偶氮貳異丁酸二甲酯、2,2’-偶氮貳(2-甲基丁腈)、1,1’-偶氮貳(1-環己烷羰甲腈)、2-(胺基甲醯基偶氮)異丁腈、2,2’-偶氮貳(2,4,4-三甲基戊烷。較佳之引發劑為2,2’-偶氮貳異丁腈與1,1’-偶氮貳(1-環己烷羰甲腈)。為了得到較高羥基含量聚合物,在羥基官能基引發劑存在下可使用巰醇,例如2,2’-偶氮貳[2-甲基-N-(2-羥基乙基)丙醯胺]。
或者聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯可藉任何聚合技術製備,如離子性聚合、基轉移聚合(GTP)、原子轉移自由基聚合(ATRP)、氮氧化物自由基聚合(NMRP)、或自由基加成片段聚合(RAFT),其使用具有一個與異氰酸酯反應之基的官能性引發劑或鏈終止劑,例如羥基官能基RAFT試劑。RAFT試劑揭示於許多公告,如WO 2006/020281號專利及US 7,279,591號專利。
異氰酸酯反應性官能基可在聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯之聚合之前或之後引入聚丙烯酸酯溶解鏈(成分(d)或(e))中。
在一個具體實施例中,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑中成分(d)(例如聚醚、聚酯、及/或聚丙烯酸酯)之溶劑溶解性(溶解)終端鏈的總重量百分比較佳為不小於聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑重量之5%,在另一個具體實施例中不小於20%,更佳為不小於30%,而且特別是不小於40%。亦較佳為聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑中溶劑溶解性終端鏈之總重量百分比按分散劑重量計不大於80%,更佳為不大於70%,特別是不大於60%。在一個具體實施例中,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑中溶劑溶解性終端鏈之總重量百分比不大於60%,例如40%至60%。以上之重量百分比不表示包括特徵如成分(e)之溶解鏈。
依照本發明之聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物可藉任何此技藝已知方法製備。一般而言,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑可藉由反應一或多種二異氰酸酯成分(a)與一或多種選自(b)、成分(d)、及選用成分(c)與(e)之化合物而得。在一個具體實施例中,其在(a)、(b)、視情況地及(c)與(e)之聚胺基甲酸酯合成開始時引入單官能基溶劑溶解聚醚、聚酯或聚丙烯酸鏈(d)。在另一個具體實施例中,成分(d)、視情況地及(e)係在已聚合(a)、(b)、視情況地及(c)之後引入。
聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑之數量平均分子量較佳為不小於2,000,更佳為不小於3,000,而且特別是不小於4,000。亦較佳為聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物之數量平均分子量不大於30,000,更佳為不大於20,000,而且特別是不大於15,000道耳頓。
儘管成分(d)之溶劑溶解聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯終端鏈可含較偶合終端基對異氰酸酯為較不反應性之第二終端基,其極較佳為此終端溶解鏈帶有一個與異氰酸酯不為反應性之終端基,而且特別是C1-50
烴基,因為如此在分散劑之製備期間限制任何交聯。烴基可視情況地為分支烷基、環烷基、芳基、或芳烷基。
環烷基較佳為C3-6
環烷基,如環丙基且特別是環己基。芳基較佳為C6-10
芳基,如萘基且特別是苯基,其可經鹵素、C1-20
烷基或C1-20
烷氧基取代。芳烷基較佳為2-苯基乙基且特別是苄基,其中苯環視情況地經鹵素、C1-20
烷基或C1-20
烷氧基取代。
聚酯、聚醚、及/或聚丙烯酸酯鏈之烷基終端基的長度主要依有機介質之本性而定。因此例如在有機介質為極性有機液體時,烴基較佳為C1-12
烷基,其可為線型或分支。烴基包括乙基、丙基、異丙基、或其混合物。在聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑含聚醚終端鏈時,因其商業可得性,終端烷基較佳為C1-4
烷基,例如甲基。在有機介質為非極性有機液體時,其較佳為終端烷基含大於8個碳原子。由於如此助於在非極性有機液體中之溶解度,烷基亦較佳為分支。
在一個具體實施例中,成分(d)之溶劑溶解鏈為聚醚鏈,較佳為聚(C2-4
環氧烷),其相對聚(C2-4
環氧烷)鏈之總重量含小於60%,更佳為小於40%,而且特別是小於20重量%之環氧乙烷。(C2-4
環氧烷)基之伸烷基部分可為線型,或者較佳為分支,而且可藉環氧烷(如環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷與環氧丁烷)之(共)聚合得到或得自四氫呋喃。共聚物可為無規或嵌段共聚物。較佳為聚醚鏈可得自環氧丙烷。亦較佳為分散劑之聚醚鏈可得自聚(C2-4
環氧烷)單C1-10
烷基醚,而且特別是C1-4
烷基醚,如甲基或丁基醚。
在一個具體實施例中存在成分(e)。在另一個具體實施例中無選用成分(e)。在成分(e)為聚醚鏈(特徵類似成分(d)聚醚),除了具約2個與異氰酸酯為反應性之基時,成分(e)之聚醚鏈可藉由將C2
-C4
環氧烷單體加入二官能基引發劑(如C1
-C20
二醇)之兩端而製備。如此製備具C2
-C4
環氧烷重複單元之二醇。
在一個具體實施例中,成分(d)之溶劑溶解鏈為聚酯。成分(d)之聚酯鏈較佳為可由含1至26個碳原子之羥基羧酸或其內酯得到。羥基羧酸之選擇主要受有機介質本身之本性影響。在有機介質為極性有機液體時,羥基羧酸較佳為含至多8個碳原子,及在有機介質為非極性有機液體之處,羥基羧酸較佳為含超過8個碳原子。由於如此助於在有機介質中之溶解度,其特佳為聚酯鏈可得自二或更多種不同之羥基羧酸或其內酯。羥基羧酸可為飽和或不飽和,線型或分支。在存在成分(e)且包含聚酯鏈時,其係由如聚酯鏈(d)之類似成分製造。當然成分(e)之聚酯鏈經2個異氰酸酯反應性基官能化。
合適羥基羧酸之實例為羥乙酸、乳酸、5-羥基戊酸、6-羥基己酸、蓖麻油酸、12-羥基硬脂酸、12-羥基十二碳酸、5-羥基十二碳酸、5-羥基癸酸、與4-羥基癸酸。
合適內酯之實例為β-丙內酯、視情況地及經δ-戊內酯與ε-己內酯取代C1-6
烷基,如β-甲基-δ-戊內酯、δ-戊內酯、ε-己內酯、2-甲基、3-甲基、4-甲基、5-第三丁基、7-甲基、4,4,6-三甲基、與4,6,6-三甲基-ε-己內酯,包括其混合物。特佳為衍生自δ-戊內酯及/或ε-己內酯之聚酯鏈。
明顯之變體為溶劑溶解聚酯或聚醚終端鏈本身可為此鏈之混合物。因此例如聚酯側鏈可含聚醚部分,反之亦同。
如前所揭示,固定段之主幹為本質上或實質上線型。其表示製造固定段之反應性成分大多為二官能基且具有極少之三官能基或更高官能基反應物,如果完全反應則其可能造成聚合物分支。因此由其可得分散劑之成分(a)的異氰酸酯具有平均2.0至2.5,更佳為2.0至2.1,而且特別是大約2.0個官能基。類似地,在一個具體實施例中,成分(b)及選用成分(c)與(e)較佳為個別地及/或組合地具有1.9或2.0至2.5,更佳為1.95或2.0至2.1或2.2,而且特別是2.0個與異氰酸酯基為反應性之基。
在一個具體實施例中,溶劑溶解終端聚酯、聚醚、及/或聚丙烯酸酯鏈有時藉氧及/或氮原子(其為與本質上線型固定段之終端異氰酸酯基反應之聚酯、聚醚及/或聚丙烯酸酯的終端羥基與胺基(一級與二級)之殘基)連接固定主幹。
在一個具體實施例中,聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑包含每個分子為0.9至1.1個本質上線型固定主幹段,及每個分子為1.8至2.2個聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯或該終端鏈之混合物之溶劑溶解鏈。
組成物中之粒狀固體可為任何在相關溫度實質上不溶於有機介質,及希望在其中以細微分割形式安定化之無機或有機固體材料。
合適固體之實例為溶劑印墨用顏料;油漆與塑膠材料用顏料、摻和劑與填料;染料,特別是分散染料;溶劑染浴、印墨與其他溶劑塗布系統用光學亮光劑與紡織輔劑;油系與反相乳化鑽泥漿用固體;乾式清潔液中之塵狀與固態材料;粒狀陶瓷材料;磁性材料與磁性記錄材料、阻燃劑(如用於塑膠材料者)、及應用於有機介質分散液中之殺生物劑、農業化學物、與醫藥品。
較佳之粒狀固體為得自任何例如Colour Index第三版(1971)及其後續新版、及其補述之標題為「顏料」之章所述認可等級顏料的顏料。無機顏料之實例為二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、與氧化鐵。
有機顏料之實例為得自偶氮、二偶氮、縮合偶氮、硫代靛、陰丹士林、異陰丹士林、二并蒽酮、蒽醌、異二苯并蒽酮、三苯二氧噁、喹吖啶、苝、二酮吡咯基吡咯(DPP)、與酞青系列,特別是酞青銅與其核鹵化衍生物,亦及酸、鹼與媒染劑染料之沈澱色料。碳黑,雖然嚴格而言為無機,其分散性質表現較似有機顏料。較佳之有機顏料為酞青,特別是酞青銅、單偶氮、二偶氮、陰丹士林、二并蒽酮、蒽醌、喹吖啶、苝、二酮吡咯基吡咯(DPP)、與碳黑。
具酸性表面之顏料較佳,如氧化碳黑。
其他較佳之粒狀固體為:摻和劑與填料,如滑石、高嶺土、矽石、重晶石、奈米黏土、與白堊;粒狀陶瓷材料,如鋁氧、氧化鋁、矽石、鋯氧、鈦氧、氮化矽、氮化硼、碳化矽、碳化硼、混合氮化矽-氮化鋁、與金屬鈦酸鹽;粒狀磁性材料,如過渡金屬(特別是鐵與鉻)之磁性氧化物,例如γ-Fe2
O3
、Fe3
O4
,與摻鈷氧化鐵、氧化鈣、亞鐵酸鹽,特別是亞鐵酸鋇;及金屬顆粒,特別是金屬鐵、鎳、鈷、與其合金;農業化學物,如殺黴劑flutriafen、carbendazim、chlorothalonil、與mancozeb,及阻燃劑,如鋁三水合物與氫氧化鎂。
分散劑及顏料/顆粒最終可與有機介質一起使用,其可或不類似用於形成分散劑、用於形成研磨基料、塗覆材料、印墨、或其他可用流體之介質。存在於組成物之有機介質較佳為極性有機介質或實質上非極性芳族烴或鹵化烴。關於有機介質之名詞「極性」表示一種可形成中至強鍵之有機液體或樹脂,如Crowley等人於Journal of Paint Technology,第38卷,1966,第269頁之標題為“A Three Dimensional Approach to Solubility”的文章所述。此有機介質通常具有5或更大之氫鍵數,如上述文章所定義。
合適極性有機液體之實例為胺、醚(特別是低碳烷基醚)、有機酸、酯、酮、二醇、二醇醚、二醇酯、醇、與醯胺。此中強氫鍵液體之許多指定實例示於Ibert Mellan之標題為“Compatibility and Solubility”之書(由Noyes Development Corporation於1968年出版)在第39-40頁之表2.14,而且這些液體均為在此使用之名詞極性有機液體的範圍內。
較佳之極性有機液體為二烷基酮、烷屬烴羧酸與烷醇之烷基酯,特別是此液體含至多且包括總共6個碳原子。至於較佳及特佳液體之實例,其可提及二烷基與環烷基酮,如丙酮、甲乙酮、二乙酮、二異丙酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁酮、甲基異戊基酮、甲基正戊基酮、與環己酮;烷基酯,如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、乙酸甲氧基丙酯、與丁酸乙酯;二醇與二醇酯與醚,如乙二醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、3-甲氧基丙基丙醇、3-乙氧基丙基丙醇、乙酸2-丁氧基乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丙酯、乙酸3-乙氧基丙酯、與乙酸2-乙氧基乙酯;烷醇,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、與異丁醇,及二烷基與環形醚,如二乙醚與四氫呋喃。
單獨或混合上述極性溶劑而可使用之實質上非極性、有機液體為芳族烴(如甲苯與二甲苯)、脂族烴(如己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷)、石油蒸餾物(如揮發油)、礦物油、蔬菜油、及鹵化脂族與芳族烴(如三氯乙烯、全氯乙烯與氯苯)。
分散劑與顏料/顆粒可摻合樹脂形成研磨基料、塗覆材料、印墨、或其他可用摻合物。作為本發明之分散液形式用介質,合適極性樹脂之實例為如適合用於製備印墨、油漆、及用於各種應用(如油漆與印墨)之碎片的薄膜形成樹脂。此樹脂之實例包括聚醯胺,如VersamidTM
與WolfamidTM
,及纖維素醚,如乙基纖維素與乙基羥乙基纖維素。油漆樹脂之實例包括短油醇酸/三聚氰胺-甲醇、聚酯/三聚氰胺-甲醇、熱固性丙烯酸/三聚氰胺-甲醇、長鏈油醇酸、及多介質樹脂(如丙烯酸與尿素/醛)。
樹脂亦可為不飽和聚酯樹脂,包括所謂之片模塑化合物與塊模塑化合物,其可用強化纖維與填料調配。此模塑化合物敘述於DE 3,643,007號專利、及P.F. Bruins之標題為“Unsaturated Polyester Technology”的專文,Gordon and Breach Science出版社,1976,第211至238頁。
如果需要則分散液可含其他成分,例如樹脂(其尚未組成有機介質)黏合劑、流體化劑(如GB-A-1508576與GB-A-2108143號專利所述者)、抗沉降劑、塑性劑、調平劑、及防腐劑。
組成物一般含5至95重量%之粒狀固體,精確量依固體之本性及固體與有機介質之相對密度而定。例如按組成物之總重量計,其中固體為有機材料(如有機顏料)之組成物較佳為含15至60重量%之固體,而其中固體為無機材料(如無機顏料、填料或摻和劑)之組成物較佳為含40至90重量%之固體。
組成物較佳為藉由在不大於40℃,而且特別是不大於30℃之溫度,在有機介質中研磨粒狀固體而製備。然而在固體為粗酞青顏料(如酞青銅)時,由於可得到較綠及較亮之色調,其有時較佳為在50至150℃間之溫度於有機液體中進行研磨。特別是有機液體為高沸脂族及/或芳族蒸餾物之情形。
組成物可藉任何已知用於製備分散液之習知方法而得。因此固體、有機介質與分散劑可以任何次序混合,然後使混合物接受機械處理以將固體之顆粒降低至合適大小,例如藉球磨、籃式研磨、粒磨、重力研磨、砂磨、破碎研磨、或塑性研磨直到形成分散液。或者可獨立地,或混合有機介質或分散劑、其他成分或以後加入之成分及攪拌混合物以提供分散液,而處理固體以降低其粒度。
如果組成物須為乾燥形式,則液體介質較佳為揮發性,使得其易於藉簡單之分離手段(如蒸發)自粒狀固體去除。然而較佳為組成物包含液體介質。
如果乾燥組成物本質上由分散劑與粒狀固體組成,則在一個具體實施例中,其較佳為按粒狀固體重量計含至少0.2%,更佳為至少0.5%,而且特別是至少1.0%之分散劑。在一個具體實施例中,乾燥組成物按粒狀固體重量計含不大於100%,較佳為不大於50%,更佳為不大於20%,而且特別是不大於10重量%之分散劑。
如前所述,此組成物特別適合用於製備研磨基料,其中在粒狀固體與薄膜形成樹脂黏合劑存在下,將粒狀固體在液體介質中研磨。
因此依照本發明之一個又進一步態樣提供一種包含粒狀固體、分散劑與薄膜形成樹脂之研磨基料。
一般而言,研磨基料按研磨基料之總重量計含20至70重量%之粒狀固體。較佳為粒狀固體不小於研磨基料之30,而且特別是不小於50重量%。
研磨基料中之樹脂量可在大限度內變化,但是較佳為不小於研磨基料之連續/液相的10%,而且特別是不小於20重量%。較佳為樹脂量不大於研磨基料之連續/液相的50%,而且特別是不大於40重量%。
研磨基料中之分散劑量依粒狀固體之量而定,但是較佳為研磨基料之0.5至5重量%。
在一個具體實施例中,依照本發明之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑為其主要包括含界定量之橫向附著三級或四級化三級胺基之線型固定聚合物主幹、及約2個聚(環氧烷)、聚酯、聚(烷基)丙烯酸酯、或聚烯烴之終端溶劑溶解鏈。在一個具體實施例中有將本質上線型固定段彼此連接之鏈延長溶劑溶解鏈。因此關於異氰酸酯基對異氰酸酯反應性基之比例有許多種對熟悉此技藝者顯而易知之變體。
如前所示,一些聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑為新穎的。因此本發明之一個進一步態樣提供一種聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其具有含界定量之橫向附著三級或四級化三級胺基的本質上線型固定主幹、及得自聚(C2-4
環氧烷)之聚醚側鏈的終端附著溶劑溶解鏈(其含相對聚(C2-4
環氧烷)鏈為小於60重量%之環氧乙烷)。
本發明之一個又進一步態樣提供一種聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其具有本質上線型固定主幹與終端附著溶劑溶解聚酯及/或聚丙烯酸酯鏈。
由本發明組成物製造之分散液及研磨基料特別適合用於油漆(包括高固體油漆)、印墨(特別是膠版、凹版與網版印墨)、顯示螢幕設備與非水性陶瓷法用彩色濾光層。
以下之實例提供本發明之例證。這些實例為非排他性且不意圖限制本發明之範圍。
除非相反地表示,所有指示均為重量份。
全部聚合均藉大小排除層析術特徵化,其使用具Polymer Laboratories混合d管柱之Waters 2690 Separations模組、及具1%三乙胺之THF溶離劑。分子量係與聚苯乙烯標準品比較。固體含量係藉重量測定法決定。
在氮下將甲基丙烯酸丁酯(369份)、乙酸甲氧基丙酯(369份)、與2-巰乙醇(9.21份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至90℃。然後裝載偶氮貳(環己烷-1-羰甲腈)(3.69份)且將反應容器在90℃維持20小時。冷卻後所得聚合物為液體,固體含量為50.6%。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=2900及Mw=6200。其為中間物A。
在氮下將1-十二碳醇(13.2份)與ε-己內酯(200份)於150℃一起攪拌。加入丁氧鋯觸媒(1.1份)且將反應物加熱至180℃及將攪拌維持20小時。在冷卻至20℃後得到如蠟狀固體之所得聚酯。其為中間物B。
在氮下將中間物A(聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯))(100份)、1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(15.42份)、乙酸甲氧基丙酯(29.09份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經15分鐘裝載甲苯二異氰酸酯(13.67份)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。自反應容器去除95.68份之所得溶液。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=5000及Mw=9600之分子量值。將苄基氯(1.61份)裝載至殘餘溶液(62.5份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生固體含量為52.5%之四級化PU(聚胺基甲酸酯)分散劑。
在氮下將中間物B(聚(己內酯))(61.23份)、1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(20.05份)、乙酸甲氧基丙酯(99.08份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經15分鐘裝載甲苯二異氰酸酯(17.71份)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=6500及Mw=15400之分子量值。將苄基氯(10.46份)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(10.46份)裝載至殘餘溶液(198.16份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生固體含量為50%之四級化PU分散劑。
在氮下將中間物B(聚(己內酯))(70.65份)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(12.63份)、乙酸甲氧基丙酯(103.79份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經15分鐘裝載甲苯二異氰酸酯(20.51份)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=8200及Mw=18900之分子量值。將苄基氯(12.06份)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(12.06份)裝載至殘餘溶液(207.58份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生固體含量為42.8%之四級化PU分散劑。
藉由將實例分散劑1與2及比較例分散劑A(50%活性為2.89份)分別地溶於乙酸丁酯(11.95份)而製備分散液。加入Macrynal SMC565(10.05份,得自Cytec)與3毫米玻璃球(125份)及紅色顏料(7.23份,得自Ciba之Cromopthal Red A3B),而且將內容物以scandex搖動器研磨1小時。研磨基料之黏度係使用TA Instruments Rheometer在將剪切率由37.6增至2392.0秒-1
時測量。實例分散劑1與2在37.6秒-1
產生小於2Pa.s之研磨基料黏度,而比較例分散劑A在37.6秒-1
產生超過6Pa.s之研磨基料黏度。
將研磨基料(1.93份)溶入Macrynal SMC565(2.94份,得自UCB Chemicals)與Desmodur N3390(0.33份,得自Bayer)於乙酸丁酯(0.85份)之溶液中,然後使用3號K棒塗在黑白卡上。
以實例分散劑1與2製造之塗層產生光澤塗層,其為透明且含極少之絮凝顆粒。以比較例分散劑A製造之塗層的光澤低,而且產生具許多絮凝顆粒之霧狀塗層。
在氮下將1-十二碳醇(114.6份)、ε-己內酯(666.73份)、與δ-戊內酯(215.44份)於150℃一起攪拌。加入丁氧鋯觸媒(4份)且將反應物加熱至180℃及將攪拌維持20小時。在冷卻至20℃後得到如蠟狀固體之所得聚酯。其為中間物C。
在氮下將甲苯二異氰酸酯(35.00份)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(64.99份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經45分鐘加入丙二醇一丁醚(90.11份,得自Cognis之Breox Lubricant B335)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(100份)且將溫度維持在70℃。將反應冷卻至40℃且將溫度維持在40℃而經30分鐘裝載1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(39.89份)。然後將反應混合物加熱至70℃經2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。然後加入乙酸甲氧基丙酯(220份)以將產物稀釋成30%之固體含量。自反應容器去除400份之所得溶液。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=5700及Mw=14200之分子量值。將苄基氯(3.78份)裝載至殘餘溶液(150份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生四級化PU分散劑。最終產物具有32.4%之固體含量。
在氮下將中間物A(聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯))(51.35份,50%之固體)、1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(17.91份)、與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(32.91份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經15分鐘裝載甲苯二異氰酸酯(15.00份)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。然後加入乙二醇丁醚(40份)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(37份)以將產物稀釋成30%之固體含量。自反應容器去除144.17份之所得溶液。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=1800及Mw=8300之分子量值。將苄基氯(0.66份)裝載至殘餘溶液(50份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生固體含量為32.82%之四級化PU(聚胺基甲酸酯)分散劑。
在氮下將中間物C(聚己內酯-共-戊內酯)(56份)、1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(26.4份)、與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(100.48份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經15分鐘裝載甲苯二異氰酸酯(18.1份)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。自反應容器去除180份之所得溶液且將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=1400及Mw=4700之分子量值。將苄基氯(1.22份)裝載至殘餘溶液(20份),將其在70℃攪拌保持8小時而產生固體含量為56.27%之四級化PU分散劑。
在氮下將中間物A(聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯))(136.59份,50%之固體)、1,1’-{[3-(二甲胺基)丙基]亞胺基}貳-2-丙醇(23.82份)、乙酸甲氧基丙酯(53.82份)在RB燒瓶中一起攪拌且加熱至70℃。然後經30分鐘裝載Suprasec 2004(30.00份,得自Huntsman)且將溫度在70℃維持2小時直到無異氰酸酯殘留。然後加入乙二醇丁醚(85份)與乙酸甲氧基丙酯(77份)以稀釋產物。所得產物具有30%之固體含量。自反應容器去除276份之所得溶液。將產物藉大小排除層析術特徵化且得到Mn=3800及Mw=8300之分子量值。將苄基氯(1.98份)裝載至殘餘溶液(130份),將其在70℃攪拌保持20小時而產生固體含量為31.0%之四級化PU(聚胺基甲酸酯)分散劑。
將分散劑3-6(按100%活性溶液計為0.5份)溶於乙酸丁酯(7.0份)而製備分散液。加入3毫米直徑玻璃球(20份)與紅色顏料(2.0份,得自Ciba之Cromopthal red A2B),而且將內容物以水平搖動機研磨。所得研磨基料呈現優良之流體性,而比較例產生濃稠不可移動凝膠,如下表所述。
上述各文件在此倂入作為參考。除了在實例中,或另有明確指示之處,應了解指定材料量、反應條件、分子量、碳原子數量等說明中之全部數量可藉文字「約」修飾。除非另有指示,在此所指之各化學物或組成物應解讀為商業級材料,其可含異構物、副產物、衍生物、及其他通常了解存在於商業級之此種材料。然而各化學成分之量係排除任何溶劑或稀釋油(其可習慣地存在於商業材料)而表示,除非另有指示。應了解,在此所述之上下量、範圍、及比例限度可獨立地組合。類似地,本發明各元素之範圍及量可與任何其他元素之範圍或量一起使用。在此使用之敘述「本質上包括」可包括實際上不影響所考量組成物之基本及新穎特性的物質。
雖然本發明已關於其較佳具體實施例而解釋,應了解在閱讀此說明書後其各種修改對熟悉此技藝者為顯而易知的。因此應了解,在此揭示之本發明意圖涵蓋此種修改在所附申請專利範圍之範圍內。
Claims (19)
- 一種非水性組成物,其包含粒狀固體、有機介質與聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑;該聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑包含a)至少一種本質上線型固定主幹段,其包括橫向地附著該本質上線型固定主幹段之包含一或多個三級氮原子的三級及/或四級化三級胺基,其中該三級胺基之三級氮原子與該主幹分隔至少一個中介原子,及b)終端地附著該固定主幹段之一或多個聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯之溶劑溶解終端鏈,包括此終端段之混合物,其中至少20莫耳%的該三級胺基之三級氮原子被四級化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該本質上線型固定主幹段包含衍生自異氰酸酯成分(a)與三級及/或四級化三級胺成分(b)反應之重複單元,其中該異氰酸酯成分(a)包含反應性異氰酸酯基,及該三級及/或四級化三級胺成分(b)包含與異氰酸酯基為反應性之基,其中該成分(a)之全部該反應性異氰酸酯基的50至95莫耳%與在該胺成分(b)上對異氰酸酯基為反應性之基反應形成該固定主幹段。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中該成分(a)之該反應性異氰酸酯基的75至95莫耳%與該胺成分(b)上對異氰酸酯基為反應性之基反應。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組成物,其中該一或多個三級氮原子藉由少於20個原子自該本質上線型 主幹分隔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之組成物,其中該一或多個三級氮原子藉由3至10個碳原子自該本質上線型主幹分隔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之組成物,其中該溶劑溶解終端鏈包含聚醚鏈,其包括含少於60重量%之環氧乙烷的聚(C2-4 環氧烷)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之組成物,其中該溶劑溶解終端鏈包含可藉由聚合含1至26個碳原子之羥基羧酸或其內酯或其混合物而得之聚酯鏈。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之組成物,其中內酯包含至少得自ε-己內酯及/或δ-戊內酯之重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑在三級胺基中包含按本質上線型固定主幹段重量計為1至4重量%之氮原子,其藉由至少一個原子自本質上線型固定主幹段分隔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之組成物,其中溶劑溶解終端鏈之總重量百分比按聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑之總重量計不小於5%。
- 一種聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其包含a)至少一種本質上線型固定主幹段,其包括橫向地附著該本質上線型固定主幹段之三級及/或四級化三級胺基,其中該三級胺基之氮原子藉由至少一個中介原子自該主幹分隔,及b)終端地 附著該固定主幹段之聚酯、聚醚或聚丙烯酸酯之溶劑溶解終端鏈,包括此終端段之混合物,其中至少20莫耳%的該三級胺基之三級氮原子被四級化。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其中將該三級胺基之三級氮原子的至少20莫耳%四級化。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其中該本質上線型固定主幹段包含衍生自異氰酸酯成分(a)與三級及/或四級化三級胺成分(b)反應之重複單元,其中該異氰酸酯成分(a)包含反應性異氰酸酯基,及該三級及/或四級化三級胺成分(b)包含與異氰酸酯基為反應性之基,其中該成分(a)之全部該反應性異氰酸酯基的50至95莫耳%與該胺成分(b)上對異氰酸酯基為反應性之基反應形成該本質上線型固定主幹段。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其中該三級胺基之該氮原子藉由3至10個碳原子自該本質上線型主幹分隔。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其中該溶劑溶解終端鏈包含可藉由聚合含1至26個碳原子之羥基羧酸或其內酯或其混合物而得之聚酯鏈。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑,其中聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑在三級胺基中包含按本質上線型固定主幹段重量計為1至4重量%之氮原子,其藉由至少一個原子自本質上線型固定主幹段分隔。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其為a)非水性研磨基料,b)油漆,或c)印墨之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之組成物,其進一步包含薄膜形成樹脂。
- 一種用於製造聚胺基甲酸酯分散劑之方法,其包含將以下一起反應:a)一或多種具有平均官能基為2.0至2.5個之二異氰酸酯;b)一或多種具有下式之三級及/或四級化三級胺基的化合物,
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CN112592496A (zh) | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-02 | 盛威科油墨股份两合公司 | 分散剂 |
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- 2009-05-21 JP JP2011511723A patent/JP5636362B2/ja active Active
- 2009-05-21 WO PCT/US2009/044760 patent/WO2009148836A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-05-21 EP EP09758997.2A patent/EP2281012B1/en active Active
- 2009-05-21 CN CN2009801200996A patent/CN102046680B/zh active Active
- 2009-05-27 TW TW098117595A patent/TWI504624B/zh active
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KR20110033151A (ko) | 2011-03-30 |
JP2011524434A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
CN102046680A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
JP5636362B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2281012A1 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
US20110054075A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
TW201011052A (en) | 2010-03-16 |
CN102046680B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
KR101656390B1 (ko) | 2016-09-09 |
ES2427865T3 (es) | 2013-11-04 |
WO2009148836A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
JP2014037546A (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
US9315610B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
EP2281012B1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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