TWI500495B - 製造空心塑膠型件之裝置及製造空心塑膠型件之方法 - Google Patents

製造空心塑膠型件之裝置及製造空心塑膠型件之方法 Download PDF

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TWI500495B
TWI500495B TW100115018A TW100115018A TWI500495B TW I500495 B TWI500495 B TW I500495B TW 100115018 A TW100115018 A TW 100115018A TW 100115018 A TW100115018 A TW 100115018A TW I500495 B TWI500495 B TW I500495B
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suction
extrusion
extrusion tool
melt
split
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TW201202004A (en
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Florian Johannes Schneider
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Krauss Maffei Tech Gmbh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/865Heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/14Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
    • B29C48/147Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9115Cooling of hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006Using vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92209Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92409Die; Nozzle zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514Pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904Die; Nozzle zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/904Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using dry calibration, i.e. no quenching tank, e.g. with water spray for cooling or lubrication

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

製造空心塑膠型件之裝置及製造空心塑膠型件之方法
本發明係關於一種製造空心塑膠型件之裝置,特別係關於製造一種塑膠管之裝置,具有一擠出工具,其具有一圍繞擠出軸線之融液通道,一將塑膠融液供應至擠出工具之擠出器,及一抽吸裝置,將空氣以擠製方向之反向經由型件內部抽出,以及一對應之方法。
先前技術中之用於管內冷卻之空氣導引系統,例如於德國專利案DE 10 2008 047 207 A1或德國專利案DE 10 2008 047 211 A1。其中空氣於擠製方向之反向經由管內被抽吸,使管冷卻。於習知系統中,經由型件中央抽吸空氣係設於擠出工具前,例如設於一管頭前,且擠出工具本身具有一開口,俾便將空氣抽吸至擠出線末端,使得融液進料必須側邊進行。此變成製造技術上之缺點,此係由於擠出工具必須具備一對應之開口,且必須之側邊融液導引導致昂貴之工具設計。另一方面,此作法亦有製程上缺點,此係由於側邊融液導引例如升高壓力消耗,且例如改變顏色時,清洗時間變長,亦使得管周緣之融液分佈不易均勻,此另外將導致品質問題。
相關先前技術揭示於日本專利第JP 2000-263629 A號及國際專利申請案第WO 2006/134228 A1號中。
本發明之目的因此為,提出一種製造空心塑膠型件之裝置,特別係製造一種塑膠管之裝置,具有一冷卻管內部之空氣導引系統,其構造簡單,製程特性改善,且管品質提高,本發明之目的 亦為提出一對應之方法。
本發明之此目的係藉由一前述之製造一空心塑膠型件之裝置而達成,特別係製造一塑膠管之裝置,其中擠出器對擠出工具中央供料,且抽吸裝置包含一設於融液通道內部之中央抽吸管以及分流抽吸通道,分流抽吸通道於抽吸方向接觸於中央抽吸管上,且由擠出工具內部引出,本發明之目的亦係藉由一對應之方法而達成。
本發明之基本構想為,提出一種擠出工具,具有一中央融液供應,該中央融液供應有一擠出凸緣,裝設於擠出工具前,融液由前方供應至擠出工具內,該中央融液供應同時具有一空氣導引系統,一直延伸至擠出線末端,進行管內部冷卻,其中之空氣流分割成分流,圍繞擠出凸緣。
於一較佳實施例中,分流抽吸通道在設於擠出工具中之供應腔孔中延伸,特別係於一螺旋分配器中延伸。此作法優點為,無須額外製造步驟,可利用現有之擠出工具之結構。
本發明之裝置有利地包含一抽吸單元,用以於一型件內部產生一氣流。抽吸單元可為例如一側通壓縮機(Seitenkanalverdichter),與一抽風機相比,其可產生例如顯著較高之壓力差。
於一較佳實施例中,分流抽吸通道通入一抽吸集氣通道,該抽吸集氣通道與抽吸單元連接。分流愈短,則於抽吸系統中壓力損失愈小。因而將分流管道直接再度匯集,十分有利。
於另一較佳實施例中,本發明之裝置包含一控制裝置,根據其所產生之氣流之溫度控制抽吸單元之操作。其中有利地於氣流內部設置一溫度感測器,且與控制裝置連接。以此方式,可調節空氣冷卻程度,進一步改進塑膠型件品質,此係由於冷卻過程可適應邊界條件之改變,因而可達到一恆定之固有電壓走勢。邊界 條件例如為質量流率,公稱管壁厚,管徑或環境溫度。
使用本發明,除構造簡單,以及因此而產生之製造優勢外,尚於較佳管品質下,達到製程特性改善,例如較小壓力消耗,及較短清洗時間。本發明之裝置不僅製造成本及組裝成本較低,且僅需要較小空間。
圖1a以一簡化側視圖顯示一擠出工具100,此處一螺旋分配器管頭,具有於擠出方向前後相隨之一螺旋分配器102、一心軸與噴嘴接著件104及一噴嘴組106。螺旋分配器102包含進流開口108,基本成星芒狀設置之融液預分配通道110以及螺旋分配器通道112。一融液通道114於一心軸與噴嘴接著件104中及於噴嘴組106中接著於螺旋分配器通道112上,融液通道徑向圍繞擠出軸線120。有利作法為,噴嘴組106可更換,俾便適用於不同管子規格。
未圖示之擠出器具有一擠出器凸緣,其與一進流開口108連接,將塑膠融液由進流開口進料。擠出器凸緣及進流開口108,於中央設於擠出軸線120上,因而屬於一種中央進料。塑膠融液由未圖示之擠出器凸緣進入進流開口108,由該處進入融液預分配通道110,並進一步進入螺旋分配器通道112。融液於螺旋分配器通道112內被塑成一均勻、空心形狀,且被導入融液通道114,由融液通道通過噴嘴組106排出,成為管子。
擠出工具100另外包含一抽吸裝置,於擠出方向之反方向上經由型件及管子內部抽吸空氣。抽吸裝置於抽吸方向包含一中央抽吸管140、一分配塊142、若干分流抽吸通道144、一抽吸集氣通道148,分流抽吸通道144通入抽吸集氣通道148,且其經由一抽吸支撐150與一未圖示之抽吸單元連接,例如一側通壓縮機。
中央抽吸管140於融液通道114內部延伸,由大約噴嘴組106 之一工具心軸116延伸至螺旋分配器102內靠近供應腔孔146、146’處。中央抽吸管140長度可變化,無須與擠出工具齊平接著,而係可較長或較短。然而較佳者為,中央抽吸管略長於工具心軸。一可伸縮之中央抽吸管具有優點,因其容易適應不同噴嘴組之規格。中央抽吸管並非必須圓形,然而管頭為圓形。另外有利者為,中央抽吸管裝設於擠出軸線上,對融液通道徑向距離一致,使得管子內部冷卻能均勻一致。中央抽吸管140裝設於擠出工具100內部之一空腔內。於中央抽吸管140與包圍之擠出工具100之組件之間未必需要熱隔絕,然而於此實施例中存在熱隔絕。
於此實施例中,分流抽吸通道144於螺旋分配器102之供應腔孔146中延伸,並由擠出工具100內部引伸向外,此處特別由螺旋分配器102之內部引伸向外。然而並非於所有供應腔孔146中皆需分流抽吸通道144。圖1a顯示例如一供應腔孔146,其內部有一分流抽吸通道144由中央抽吸管140延伸至抽吸集氣通道148,而一供應腔孔146’卻無分流抽吸通道。供應腔孔146、146’於融液預分配通道110間以星芒狀逆向延伸。換言之,分流抽吸通道144及供應腔孔146於擠出方向之反方向上徑向離開擠出軸線,而融液預分配通道110逆向擠出方向,徑向導引於擠出軸線上。
分流抽吸通道並非必須於供應腔孔中延伸;於一替代實施例中,分流抽吸通道可獨立設置。若分流抽吸通道不與供應管道相關連,而係獨立開設,則可選擇分流抽吸通道對擠出軸線之角度,並結合分流之長度,產生最小之壓力損失。
於又一替代實施例中,可於分流抽吸通道與供應腔孔中設置熱隔離,例如經由在供應腔孔中設置之隔離(例如一空氣間隙)管或軟管。
分配塊142建立中央抽吸管140與分流抽吸通道144間之聯繫。分配塊142與中央抽吸管140亦可設計成一體。特別於供應腔孔146本身即為分流抽吸通道144時,分配塊142具有轉接塊功能。
分流應盡可能短,以降低壓力損失。因而分配塊142應同樣設計,使得分流盡可能短。根據相同理由,分流抽吸通道144於出口側應短,且盡可能在由螺旋分配器102露出之後,直接於抽吸集氣通道148中匯集。
未圖示之一控制裝置控制同樣未圖示之抽吸單元。於圖1a中顯示一位於中央抽吸管140進口處之溫度感測器160,感測於中央抽吸管140中氣流溫度之實際值,並傳至控制裝置,控制裝置可根據該感測之氣流溫度控制操作。於使用一側通壓縮機作為抽吸單元時,例如控制其轉速,並進而控制於抽吸裝置中之空氣容積流量。氣流溫度之應有值可例如根據管徑、流量、公稱管壁厚決定。管子參數適用之應有值可儲存於控制裝置之一記憶體中,並可取出,自動進行應有值之選用。透過控制,可例如平息進口空氣溫度與環境空氣溫度之波動。溫度感測器亦可裝設於抽吸裝置內其他位置。溫度感測器之適當位置可例如經由熱量計算得出。可想而知,亦可設置多個溫度感測器。
圖1b顯示擠出工具100於擠出方向之視圖,相同元件仍沿用相同元件符號。
圖1c顯示擠出工具100於抽吸方向之視圖,相同元件依舊沿用相同元件符號。特別可清楚看出者,例如係中央抽吸管140及所標示之溫度感測器160。
圖2顯示本發明之抽吸裝置於空間中之一簡化圖示。相同元件仍沿用如圖1a、b、c中之相同元件符號。此圖揭示分流抽吸通 道144星芒狀分佈情形。融液預分配通道110具有單一通至擠出軸線120之融液段,可產生一空心體,而分流抽吸通道144則反向導引來自中央抽吸管140之氣流,使空氣被導出擠出工具100內部。分流抽吸通道144之數目應盡量減少,以降低抽吸時之壓力損失,然而其數目必須多到其流通截面積足以容納由中央抽吸管140抵達之氣流量。
本發明之裝置與方法達到構造簡單且製程特性改善,以此方式,不僅製造與組裝成本降低,亦且提高能量效率及改善管品質。
100‧‧‧擠出工具
102‧‧‧螺旋分配器
104‧‧‧心軸與噴嘴接著件
106‧‧‧噴嘴組
108‧‧‧進流開口
110‧‧‧融液預分配通道
112‧‧‧螺旋分配器通道
114‧‧‧融液通道
116‧‧‧工具心軸
120‧‧‧擠出軸線
140‧‧‧中央抽吸管
142‧‧‧分配塊
144‧‧‧分流抽吸通道
146,146’‧‧‧供應腔孔
148‧‧‧抽吸集氣通道
150‧‧‧抽吸支撐
160‧‧‧溫度感測器
以下將根據所附圖式對本發明實施例進一步說明。
圖1a、b、c 顯示本發明之裝置實施例之三視圖。
圖2 顯示本發明之抽吸裝置實施例之截面圖。
100‧‧‧擠出工具
102‧‧‧螺旋分配器
104‧‧‧心軸與噴嘴接著件
106‧‧‧噴嘴組
108‧‧‧進流開口
110‧‧‧融液預分配通道
112‧‧‧螺旋分配器通道
114‧‧‧融液通道
116‧‧‧工具心軸
120‧‧‧擠出軸線
140‧‧‧中央抽吸管
142‧‧‧分配塊
144‧‧‧分流抽吸通道
146,146’‧‧‧供應腔孔
148‧‧‧抽吸集氣通道
150‧‧‧抽吸支撐
160‧‧‧溫度感測器

Claims (6)

  1. 一種製造空心塑膠型件之裝置,具有一擠出工具,其具有一圍繞擠出軸線之融液通道,一擠出器,將塑膠融液供應至擠出工具,及一抽吸裝置,於擠出方向之反向將空氣經由型件內部抽出,其中,擠出器對擠出工具中央供料,且抽吸裝置包含一設於融液通道內之中央抽吸管以及分流抽吸通道,該分流抽吸通道於抽吸方向接觸於中央抽吸管上,且由擠出工具內部引出,其中,擠出工具包含一螺旋分配器,且分流抽吸通道在設於螺旋分配器中之供應腔孔中延伸。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置,其中,抽吸裝置包含一抽吸單元,用以於型件內部產生一氣流。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項所述之裝置,其中,分流抽吸通道通入一與抽吸單元連接之抽吸集氣通道。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第2項所述之裝置,其中,具有一控制裝置,根據氣流溫度控制抽吸單元之操作。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之裝置,具有至少一裝設於氣流內部之溫度感測器,該溫度感測器與控制裝置連接。
  6. 一種製造空心塑膠型件之方法,具有一擠出工具,其包含將塑膠融液進料至擠出工具包含一螺旋分配器,將塑膠融液藉由一螺旋分配器分配至一融液通道,該融液通道圍繞擠出軸線,且形成擠出工具之空心型件,以及在擠出方向之反向經由型件內部抽吸空氣,其中,對擠出工具係中央進料,且其抽吸係經由一設於融液通道內之中央抽吸管進行,以及經由分流抽吸通道進行,該分流 抽吸通道在設於螺旋分配器中之供應腔孔中延伸及由擠出工具內部引出。
TW100115018A 2010-06-29 2011-04-29 製造空心塑膠型件之裝置及製造空心塑膠型件之方法 TWI500495B (zh)

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