TWI468225B - 奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物以及包含該複合物的催化劑材料 - Google Patents
奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物以及包含該複合物的催化劑材料Info
- Publication number
- TWI468225B TWI468225B TW101125486A TW101125486A TWI468225B TW I468225 B TWI468225 B TW I468225B TW 101125486 A TW101125486 A TW 101125486A TW 101125486 A TW101125486 A TW 101125486A TW I468225 B TWI468225 B TW I468225B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon nanotube
- metal particle
- metal
- particle composite
- composite according
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 124
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims description 121
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 121
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylpyrrole Chemical compound CN1C=CC=C1 OXHNLMTVIGZXSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000333 poly(propyleneimine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- -1 carboxylate ion Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SHNUMBLTYZKYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(Cl)C(O)=O SHNUMBLTYZKYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002079 double walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=C1C=CS2 YMMGRPLNZPTZBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001241 arc-discharge method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFZULDYEOVSIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl321317 Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)NO)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=N)NO)O1 SFZULDYEOVSIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000366 colloid method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OQLKNTOKMBVBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamidine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1OCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1 OQLKNTOKMBVBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001915 hexamidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004808 supercritical fluid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/061—Chiral polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/30—Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
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Description
本發明涉及一種複合物以及一種催化劑材料,尤其涉及一種奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物和包含該複合物的催化劑材料。
近年來,奈米碳管與金屬粒子的複合物成為人們研究的熱點。由於奈米碳管具有大的比表面積以及高的電導率使奈米碳管成為金屬粒子的理想載體材料。該金屬粒子可以具有特定的功能,以實現各種應用。例如,將金屬粒子催化劑擔載在奈米碳管上形成的複合物可以應用於電化學電池、燃料電池以及生物醫學領域,具有良好的催化活性。
在將奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物作為催化劑使用時,金屬粒子的粒度,以及在奈米碳管表面的分散程度直接影響該催化劑的催化性能。通常情況下,隨著奈米碳管表面擔載的金屬粒子的粒度越小,分散性越好,其催化性能就越好。
先前技術中,奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的製備方法主要分為物理法和化學法兩類,物理法中多採用濺射的方式將金屬粒子負載於奈米碳管表面。化學法包括膠體法、溶液還原法、浸漬法、電化學沈積法以及超臨界流體法等方法,其中,溶液還原法較為常用,該方法在奈米碳管的懸浮液中加入含金屬離子的前驅體溶液,通過加入還原劑使金屬離子還原成單質金屬粒子擔載於奈米碳管表面。但先前技術中利用溶液還原法製備的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物中,金屬粒子的分散性不好,且金屬粒子的粒度較大,從而影響該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的催化性能。
有鑒於此,提供一種金屬粒子粒度較小且在奈米碳管表面分散性好的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,以及包括該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的催化劑材料實為必要。
一種奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,包括奈米碳管及金屬粒子,其中,該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物進一步包括包覆在所述奈米碳管表面的聚合物層,所述聚合物層具有複數均勻分佈的孔隙,所述金屬粒子設置在所述複數孔隙中。
一種催化劑材料,包括所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。
相較於先前技術,本發明實施例以奈米碳管以及聚合物為基體,且在所述羧酸根的輔助下原位合成所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。在製備過程中,所述聚合物單體的聚合以及所述單質金屬粒子的還原同時進行,從而可使負載於奈米碳管上的單質金屬粒子均勻分散,且粒徑較小(主要以奈米團簇的形態分佈)。另外,所述羧酸根一方面與所述聚合物單體或聚合物通過靜電作用力相互吸引或以化學鍵結合,另一方面,所述羧酸根對所述還原的金屬粒子在該複合物中的分佈具有較好的導向作用,在加入還原劑後,可以促進所述單質金屬粒子與聚合物的相分離,所述聚合物間形成大量的孔隙,在所述羧酸根的導向作用下使所述單質金屬粒子均勻分散於所述孔隙中,提高了所述單質金屬粒子的分散性,從而可抑制該金屬粒子之間的團聚,使該金屬粒子在該載體表面可以均勻穩定地分佈,且該羧酸根對所述金屬粒子具有較強的吸附能力,提高了該金屬粒子在該載體表面的擔載量,從而可提高該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的催化性能。
以下將結合附圖詳細說明本發明實施例奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物及其製備方法以及催化劑材料。
請參閱圖1,本發明實施例提供一種奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的製備方法,包括以下步驟:
S1,提供奈米碳管、聚合物單體、含金屬離子的溶液以及含羧酸根離子(-COO-
)的溶液;
S2,將所述奈米碳管以及聚合物單體在一溶劑中混合形成第一混合物,所述聚合物單體吸附在所述奈米碳管表面;
S3,將所述第一混合物、含金屬離子的溶液以及含羧酸根離子的溶液混合形成一第二混合物,在該第二混合物中,所述聚合物單體、含金屬離子的溶液以及含羧酸根離子的溶液反應形成一混合絡合物附著於所述奈米碳管表面;以及
S4,在所述第二混合物中加入一還原劑,所述混合絡合物中的金屬離子還原成金屬粒子,同時所述聚合物單體聚合,原位形成所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。
在上述步驟S1中,所述奈米碳管可為單壁奈米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管或多壁奈米碳管中的一種或幾種。該奈米碳管可通過電弧放電法、化學氣相沈積法或鐳射蒸發法等方法製備,本發明實施例採用化學氣相沈積法製備了多壁奈米碳管。該多壁奈米碳管的內徑優選為10奈米~50奈米,外徑為30奈米~80奈米,長度為50微米~100微米。
所述聚合物單體與所述奈米碳管表面之間相互吸附,且通過聚合反應生成的聚合物完整的包覆在所述奈米碳管表面,在該奈米碳管表面形成一聚合物層。所述聚合物單體優選但不限於苯胺、吡咯、噻吩、醯胺、丙烯亞胺或上述物質的衍生物,如乙醯苯胺、甲基吡咯、乙烯二氧噻吩、醯胺二銨或己內醯胺等。本發明實施例中所述聚合物單體為苯胺。
當該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物用於催化劑使用時,所述含金屬離子的溶液中的金屬離子可為貴金屬離子或作為金屬單質時具有較好催化性能的其他金屬的離子。該貴金屬離子可為金(Au)、銀(Ag)、鉑(Pt)、釕(Ru)、銠(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鋨(Os)以及銥(Ir)等的離子中的一種或複數種。該作為金屬單質時具有較好催化性能的其他金屬的離子可為銅(Cu)、鐵(Fe)、鈷(Co)以及鎳(Ni)的離子中的一種或複數種。相應地,該含金屬離子的溶液可為含該金屬離子的酸或鹽,如氯金酸(HAuCl4
)、氯化金(AuCl3
)、硝酸銀(AgNO3
)、氯鉑酸(H2
PtCl6
)、氯化釕(RuCl3
)、氯銠酸(H3
RhCl6
)、氯化鈀(PdCl2
)、氯鋨酸(H2
OsCl6
)、氯銥酸(H2
IrCl6
)、硫酸銅(CuSO4
)以及氯化亞鐵(FeCl2
)中的一種或複數種。本發明實施例中採用H2
PtCl6
水溶液為所述含金屬離子的溶液。該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物也可應用於其他領域,該金屬離子不限於上述列舉的物質。
所述含羧酸根離子的溶液對所述金屬離子以及聚合物單體具有較好的絡合作用,從而使所述金屬離子以及聚合物單體均勻分散。該含羧酸根離子的溶液可為羧基酸鹽或羧基酸的溶液。優選地,所述羧基酸鹽或羧基酸至少包括兩個羧酸根(-COO-)。所述羧基酸鹽可包括但不限於檸檬酸鈉(Na3
C6
H5
O7
)或檸檬酸鉀(K3
C6
H5
O7
)。所述羧基酸可包括但不限於檸檬酸(C6
H8
O7
)、乙二酸(H2
C2
O4
)、丙二酸(C3
H4
O4
)、丁二酸(C4
H6
O4
)、己二酸(C6
H10
O4
)、苯二甲酸(C8
H8
O4
)以及戊二酸(C5
H8
O4
)等中的一種或複數種。本發明實施例採用檸檬酸鈉的水溶液作為所述含羧酸根離子的溶液。
在上述步驟S2中,所述聚合物單體溶解在所述溶劑中並且吸附於所述奈米碳管的表面。所述溶劑可為但不限於乙醇、乙醚、水或該些物質的混合。為了更好地分散所述奈米碳管,本發明實施例中所述溶劑為不同溶劑的混合,如水和乙醇的混合液,其中水和乙醇的體積比為1:1。所述奈米碳管與所述聚合物單體的質量比優選為1:1至1:7。本發明實施例中所述奈米碳管與所述聚合物單體的質量比為1:1。
在上述步驟S2中,可進一步包括攪拌該第一混合物的步驟,一方面使所述聚合物單體均勻地附著於所述奈米碳管表面,同時使所述奈米碳管均勻分散。本發明實施例中在所述奈米碳管與聚合物單體混合的過程中超聲分散該第一混合物3-8小時。
在上述步驟S2中,在所述奈米碳管與所述聚合物單體混合之前,可進一步用親水性基團功能化所述奈米碳管表面。
所述親水性基團優選為羧基、羥基或醯胺基等。更為優選地,所述羧基基團由具有至少兩個羧基的羧基酸提供。該羧基酸優選為但不限於檸檬酸(C6
H8
O7
)、乙二酸(H2
C2
O4
)、丙二酸(C3
H4
O4
)、丁二酸(C4
H6
O4
)、己二酸(C6
H10
O4
)、苯二甲酸(C8
H8
O4
)以及戊二酸(C5
H8
O4
)等中的一種或複數種。該羧基酸中的一個羧基在該奈米碳管進行表面接枝,從而可增強該奈米碳管在所述溶劑中的分散性。該羧基酸中多餘的羧基通過靜電吸引力吸附所述聚合物單體,從而可使後續聚合反應生成的聚合物更好地包覆在該奈米碳管表面。具體地,所述奈米碳管表面接枝有複數羧基,所述聚合物單體通過所述羧基吸附在所述奈米碳管表面。
在上述步驟S3中,所述含金屬離子的溶液與含羧酸根離子的溶液之間,以及所述聚合物單體與所述含羧酸根離子的溶液之間發生絡合反應,生成一混合絡合物附著於所述奈米碳管表面。
所述含羧酸根離子的溶液中的羧基酸鹽或羧基酸與所述含金屬離子溶液中的金屬離子之間的摩爾比可為1:1至5:1。本發明實施例中所述檸檬酸鈉與所述氯鉑酸中鉑離子的摩爾比為1:1。且同時,所述羧基酸或羧基酸鹽與所述聚合物單體之間的摩爾比可為1:1至1:6。本發明實施例中所述羧基酸或羧基酸鹽與所述聚合物單體之間的摩爾為1:2。
在上述步驟S3中,所述混合的步驟可以是將所述第一混合物、含金屬離子的溶液以及含羧酸根離子的溶液同時加入一反應器中形成所述第二混合物,或將三者一次加入反應器中形成所述第二混合物。優選地,所述混合的步驟包括:
S31,配置所述含羧酸根離子的溶液與所述含金屬離子的溶液的混合液;以及
S32,將所述第一混合物加入該混合液中混合反應形成所述混合絡合物。
在上述步驟S31中,由於所述含羧酸根離子的溶液具有較好的絡合作用,從而可以使所述金屬離子以絡離子的形式穩定分散於混合液中,且具有較好的導向作用可以控制後續所述還原後生成的金屬粒子在該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物上的位置。
在上述步驟S31中,可進一步超聲分散或攪拌所述混合液以使均勻混合。本發明實施例中超聲分散所述混合液8小時至12小時。
在上述步驟S32中,所述第一混合物可緩慢加入所述混合液中以使充分反應。在該步驟中,所述含羧酸根離子的溶液進一步與所述聚合物單體絡合從而形成一混合絡合物。此外,由於所述羧酸根的存在,當所述第一混合物加入後,金屬絡離子會與所述聚合物單體間產生電位差,從而使部分金屬絡離子還原,同時部分聚合物單體氧化並均勻附著在所述奈米碳管表面。所述羧酸根一方面與所述聚合物單體絡合或通過靜電作用力相互吸引,或化學鍵結合,從而間接附著於奈米碳管表面。另一方面,所述羧酸根與所述金屬離子絡合,形成穩定的絡合物,從而使所述金屬絡離子間接均勻分散地附著在所述奈米碳管表面。
在上述步驟S3中,所述混合反應的反應溫度可為4℃至100℃。該反應溫度與與所述金屬離子的選取有關。本發明實施例中所述反應溫度為15℃。
在上述步驟S3中,可進一步包括調節所述混合絡合物pH值的步驟,以使所述混合絡合物在溶劑中穩定分佈。可在將所述第一混合物、含金屬離子的溶液以及含羧酸根離子的溶液混合開始的初期就調節pH值。該混合絡合物的pH值保持在2至5。本發明實施例中所述混合絡合物的pH值維持在3。
在上述步驟S4中,在所述還原劑的作用下,所述混合絡合物中同時進行聚合物單體的氧化,生成所述聚合物附著於所述奈米碳管表面,以及金屬絡離子的還原,生成所述金屬粒子,從而原位合成所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。由於所述混合絡合物中金屬絡離子的還原與所述聚合物單體的聚合同時發生,從而還原後的所述金屬粒子吸附於所述聚合物的外表面、分散於所述聚合物中以及吸附於所述奈米碳管與所述聚合物之間。此外,由於本發明實施例中在上述步驟S3中加入所述含羧酸根離子溶液,所述羧酸根在所述聚合物和所述金屬粒子之間起到一個鏈橋的作用。該羧酸根不僅與所述聚合物通過靜電作用或化學鍵結合相互連接,還可以通過配位作用於所述單質金屬粒子表面,從而可強烈的吸附金屬粒子。多餘的所述羧酸根可向外伸展進一步促進所述單質金屬粒子的穩定分散。且所述羧酸根的存在促進了生成的聚合物和金屬粒子之間的相分離,使生成所述聚合物之間形成孔隙,所述金屬粒子在羧酸根的導向作用下主要形成在所述孔隙中並附著於所述奈米碳管表面。由於所述金屬粒子吸附在所述孔隙中,大大提高了所述金屬粒子在該複合物中的分散性。
所述還原劑對所述金屬絡離子具有較強的還原作用,可使所述金屬絡離子充分還原成單質金屬粒子。該還原劑可為但不限於硼氫化鈉(NaBH4
)、甲醛(CH2
O)、雙氧水(H2
O2
)、檸檬酸、氫氣(H2
)或抗壞血酸。本發明實施例中採用硼氫化鈉作為所述還原劑。該還原劑與該金屬離子的摩爾比優選為10:1~60:1,本發明實施例中選取硼氫化鈉與該氯鉑酸的摩爾比為50:1。
在該步驟中,由於所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物在所述羧酸根的輔助下原位生成,所述金屬粒子具有較小的粒徑,以奈米團簇的形態負載於所述奈米碳管上。所述團簇是指由幾個甚至上千個金屬原子通過物理或化學結合力組成的穩定的微觀聚集體。本發明實施所述金屬粒子由數量小於55個的金屬原子組成的奈米團簇。
在上述步驟S4中,可進一步包括分離提純所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的步驟。具體地,可將反應後的產物過濾、水洗滌複數次,並進一步乾燥獲得所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。
請一併參閱圖2以及圖3,圖2為本發明實施例基於上述方法製備的所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物100的結構示意圖。該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物100包括奈米碳管102,包覆於該奈米碳管102表面的聚合物層104,以及金屬粒子106。
所述聚合物層104優選為單獨包覆在單根奈米碳管的表面。所述聚合物層104的厚度優選為1奈米至7奈米。所述聚合物層104中具有複數均勻分佈的孔隙108,所述金屬粒子106設置在所述複數孔隙108中,並通過該複數孔隙108相互間隔設置,從而均勻分佈於所述奈米碳管表面。此外,所述孔隙108中的金屬粒子106也可直接吸附於所述奈米碳管102表面。此外設置在該孔隙108中的金屬粒子106也可以部分嵌入所述聚合物層104,並向外暴露於該聚合物層104的表面。更為優選地,每個孔隙108中僅有一個金屬粒子106。由於所述金屬粒子104大量吸附於所述孔隙108中,所述金屬粒子106在該複合物100中均勻分散,且該金屬粒子106的粒徑優選為1奈米至5奈米。更為優選地,該金屬粒子106為粒徑為1奈米至2奈米的所述奈米團簇。所述金屬粒子106佔該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物100的質量百分比優選為20%至70%。所述聚合物層104的材料優選為具有導電性的聚合物,如可為聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚醯胺、聚丙烯亞胺、聚乙醯苯胺、聚甲基吡咯、聚乙烯二氧噻吩、聚醯胺二銨或聚己內醯胺。
該金屬粒子106的材料優選為貴金屬或催化劑金屬。該貴金屬可為金(Au)、銀(Ag)、鉑(Pt)、釕(Ru)、銠(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鋨(Os)以及銥(Ir)中的一種或複數種。該催化劑金屬可為銅(Cu)、鐵(Fe)、鈷(Co)以及鎳(Ni)中的一種或複數種。該奈米碳管可以為多壁奈米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管或單壁奈米碳管。
在一實施例中,所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物100為鉑/聚苯胺/多壁奈米碳管複合物(Pt/PANI/MWCNT)。其中,所述鉑粒子為粒徑為1奈米至2奈米的奈米團簇。
本發明實施例進一步提供一種催化劑材料,包括所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。該催化劑材料除所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物外,還可包括其他常用的催化劑,如貴金屬粒子等。該催化劑材料可應用於各種需要催化劑的產品製備,或各種需要催化劑的電化學反應器或電池中如轉化利用石油等能源的膜反應器,或燃料電池。
本發明實施例以奈米碳管以及聚合物為基體,且在所述羧酸根的輔助下原位合成所述奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。在製備過程中,所述聚合物單體的聚合以及所述單質金屬粒子的還原同時進行,從而可使負載於奈米碳管上的單質金屬粒子均勻分散,且粒徑較小(主要以奈米團簇的形態分佈)。另外,所述羧酸根一方面與所述聚合物單體或聚合物通過靜電作用力相互吸引或以化學鍵結合,另一方面,所述羧酸根對所述還原的金屬粒子在該複合物中的分佈具有較好的導向作用,在加入還原劑後,可以促進所述單質金屬粒子與聚合物的相分離,所述聚合物間形成大量的所述孔隙,在所述羧酸根的導向作用下使所述單質金屬粒子均勻分散於所述孔隙中,提高了所述單質金屬粒子的分散性,從而可抑制該金屬粒子之間的團聚,使該金屬粒子在該載體表面可以均勻穩定地分佈,且該羧酸根對所述金屬粒子具有較強的吸附能力,提高了該金屬粒子在該載體表面的擔載量,從而可提高該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的催化性能。此外,該製備方法簡單,且所述金屬粒子可被緩慢的還原,從而易於控制所述金屬粒子的形貌。
實施例1
鉑/聚苯胺/多壁奈米碳管複合物的製備:
將多壁奈米碳管以及苯胺在水和乙醇的混合液中混合形成第一混合物,並超聲分散3小時。其中所述水和乙醇的體積比1:1。按摩爾比1:1將檸檬酸鈉以及氯鉑酸的水溶液混合並超聲分散8小時。將該檸檬酸鈉以及氯鉑酸水溶液的混合液與所述第一混合物在15℃水浴的條件下混合反應形成所述混合絡合物,並超聲分散1小時。其中,所述檸檬酸鈉、苯胺以及多壁奈米碳管的質量比為1:2:2。按硼氫化鈉和氯鉑酸的摩爾比為50:1,在所述混合絡合物中加入硼氫化鈉溶液攪拌反應生成沈澱物,過濾並水洗滌該沈澱物,並在60℃的烘箱中乾燥3小時,獲得所述鉑/聚苯胺/多壁奈米碳管複合物。其中,所述鉑粒子以粒徑為1奈米至2奈米的團簇負載於所述多壁奈米碳管以及聚合物的基體中。所述鉑粒子站該複合物的質量百分比為30%。請參閱圖4,由於常規透射電鏡(TEM)照片無法觀測奈米團簇粒子,本實施例採用STEM照片進行觀察。從圖中可以看出,白色的鉑奈米團簇均勻分散地負載在奈米碳管與聚合物的基體上。
實施例2
金/聚苯胺/多壁奈米碳管複合物的製備:
該實施例製備過程與實施例1基本相同,區別在於,所述含金屬離子的溶液為氯金酸的水溶液。所述絡合反應的溫度為25℃。生成的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物中的金粒子為1奈米至3奈米的奈米團簇。金粒子佔該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的質量百分比為60%。
實施例3
鐵/聚苯胺/多壁奈米碳管複合物的製備:
該實施例製備過程與實施例1基本相同,區別在於,所述含金屬離子的溶液為氯化亞鐵(FeCl2
)的水溶液。所述絡合反應的溫度為100℃。生成的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物中的鐵粒子為2奈米至5奈米的奈米團簇。鐵粒子佔該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的質量百分比為50%。
綜上所述,本發明確已符合發明專利之要件,遂依法提出專利申請。惟,以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例,自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡習知本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化,皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。
100...奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物
102...奈米碳管
104...聚合物層
106...金屬粒子
108...孔隙
圖1為本發明實施例提供的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的製備方法流程圖。
圖2為本發明實施例提供的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的結構示意圖。
圖3為本發明實施例提供的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物中聚合物和金屬粒子的分佈示意圖。
圖4為本發明實施例1提供的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的掃描透射電鏡(STEM)照片。
100...奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物
102...奈米碳管
104...聚合物層
106...金屬粒子
Claims (14)
- 一種奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,包括奈米碳管及金屬粒子,其改良在於,該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物進一步包括包覆在所述奈米碳管表面的聚合物層,所述聚合物層具有複數均勻分佈的孔隙,所述金屬粒子設置在所述複數孔隙中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述金屬粒子通過所述複數孔隙相互間隔設置。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述金屬粒子通過所述聚合物層的孔隙均勻分佈於所述奈米碳管表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述金屬粒子的粒徑為1奈米至5奈米。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述金屬粒子是粒徑為1奈米至2奈米的奈米團簇。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述奈米團簇為由數量小於55個的金屬原子組成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述金屬粒子佔該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物的質量百分比為20%至70%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚醯胺、聚丙烯亞胺、聚乙醯苯胺、聚甲基吡咯、聚乙烯二氧噻吩、聚醯胺二銨或聚己內醯胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述奈米碳管表面接枝有親水性基團。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述奈米碳管表面接枝有羧基,所述聚合物層通過所述羧基與所述奈米碳管相吸附。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述聚合物層單獨包覆在單根奈米碳管的表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,其中,所述聚合物層的厚度為1奈米至7奈米。
- 一種奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物,包括奈米碳管及金屬粒子,其改良在於,該奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物進一步包括包覆在所述奈米碳管表面的聚合物層,所述金屬粒子部分嵌入所述聚合物層中,並暴露於聚合物層的表面。
- 一種催化劑材料,包括如申請專利範圍第1項至第13項中任一項所述的奈米碳管金屬粒子複合物。
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