TWI461237B - 用於聯合實施使用液體的熱交換與靜態混合之設備 - Google Patents

用於聯合實施使用液體的熱交換與靜態混合之設備 Download PDF

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TWI461237B
TWI461237B TW096124933A TW96124933A TWI461237B TW I461237 B TWI461237 B TW I461237B TW 096124933 A TW096124933 A TW 096124933A TW 96124933 A TW96124933 A TW 96124933A TW I461237 B TWI461237 B TW I461237B
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heat transfer
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Patrick Bucher
Kurt Steiner
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Sulzer Chemtech Ag
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
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    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • F28D7/087—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions assembled in arrays, each array being arranged in the same plane
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0132—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by slats, tie-rods, articulated or expandable rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
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    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0052—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for mixers
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
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    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Description

用於聯合實施使用液體的熱交換與靜態混合之設備
本發明有關一聯合在液體及熱輸送介質間之熱交換與該液體的靜態混合之設備。本發明亦有關一此設備之使用。
歐洲專利第EP－A－0 009 638號揭示一製成為反應器之熱交換器，反應熱以此熱交換器在一聚合製程中移去，以維持一最佳之溫度。此聚合反應器包含一像管子之外殼及安裝結構，該熱交換能以此結構由一聚合混合物、一高黏性液體實施。該等安裝結構同時施行此高黏性液體的一靜態混合。
此種具有一外殼與安裝結構之裝置係一已被發現具有不同應用之設備。一典型之應用係一在約攝氏290度的縮聚作用反應器中所製成之聚酯熔料的冷卻。在由此反應器移除此產物之後，該溫度必需降低達攝氏10度，以減少該產物之分解。該冷卻必需一致地發生，且具有該聚酯熔料的一狹窄之停留時間頻譜，以獲得一均質之產物。當製造薄聚酯線狀物時，必需很精確地觀察該熔料溫度之均質性。
由歐洲專利第EP－A－0 009 638號已知用於該聯合實施熱交換及靜態混合之聚合反應器包含一呈夾套形式之外殼，其縱向地延伸在一前頭端部及一基底端部之間；及安裝結構，其形成一熱交換及混合結構。該等安裝結構包括管子，該等管子在該縱向中延伸及係為蛇形物般形狀。該等管子於下文中偶而被稱為“熱交換器/混合管子”。每一管子具有彎曲之管子零件，且這些彎曲之管子零件具有筆直及彼此平行之連接管子零件。該等管子係設置在平面式、接觸層中；及鄰接管子之筆直管子零件相交。一熱輸送介質係泵吸經過該等安裝結構之管子，當作一內部流動。該等管子被連接在該前頭端部，在此亦配置一用於待冷卻產物之外部流動的入口位置。該已冷卻產物在該基底端部離開該設備，而該等安裝結構未連接至該基底端部。由於在該基底端部及該等安裝結構之間未連接，一擴展補償係多餘的，此補償將由於該等安裝結構及該外殼之不同熱膨脹而為需要的。擴展差異特別發生在起始處，因為該等盤管幾乎直接地採用該熱載體之溫度，反之該外殼係僅只經由該夾套空間中之聚合物間接地及慢慢地加熱。
在該已知聚合反應器中，在多數步驟中發生一熱交換，亦即於每一案例中，在一管子的第一半邊中之平行流動中，與第二半邊中之相對流動中。由於該蛇形物般形狀，該熱運送介質之內部流動越過該高黏性液體之外部流動，以致一交叉之流動係亦與該平行流動及相對流動聯合。
本發明之目的係提供一改良之設備，然而，該設備之功能係仿效該習知聚合反應器，使該熱交換係能夠在此設備中更有效率地發生。此目的係藉由申請專利範圍第1項中所界定之設備所滿足。
聯合在液體及熱輸送介質間之熱交換與該液體的靜態混合之設備包含於一夾套中之安裝結構。該夾套縱向地延伸在一前頭端部及一基底端部之間。該等安裝結構形成一熱交換及混合結構。該熱輸送介質可由該基底端部至該前頭端部被運送於該等安裝結構的管子中，當作一內部流動。該液體能由該前頭端部運送至該基底端部，當作一外部流動。提供強化元件，該等強化元件使該等安裝結構於該縱向中穩定抵抗藉由該液體所產生之壓力梯度。該等安裝結構係藉由該等強化元件所連接，以於一主要區域中形成一不可擴展之零件結構；且它們在互補於該主要區域之次要區域中保留至少局部地未強化為一可縱向擴展之零件結構。
申請專利範圍第2至9項之附屬項有關按照本發明之有利具體實施例的設備。按照本發明之設備的一用法可能性係申請專利範圍第10項之主題。
將參考圖1至4敘述按照本發明之設備1。此聯合液體8及熱輸送介質7間之熱交換與該液體8的靜態混合之設備1，包含安裝結構2及一引導該液體8而具有管狀外殼3'之夾套3。待處理之液體8典型具有至少1Pa．s之相當高的動態黏性；於設備1之重要應用中，其係一具有譬 如50巴的壓力之聚合物熔料。
該夾套3縱向地延伸於一前頭端部4及一基底端部5之間。該等安裝結構2形成一熱交換及混合結構。該熱輸送介質7由該基底端部5流動至該前頭端部4，當作該等安裝結構2的管子21、22中之內部流動。該液體8由該前頭端部4流動至該基底端部5，當作一外部流動。提供強化元件6(看圖2及4)，其使該等安裝結構2於該縱向中穩定抵抗藉由該液體8所產生之壓力梯度。該等安裝結構2係在一主要區域中藉由該等強化元件6所連接，以形成一不可擴展之零件結構2a。在互補於該主要區域之第二區域中，該等安裝結構2保持未強化或僅只局部強化，以致形成一撓性可縱向擴展之零件結構2b(虛線相鄰之長方形)。由於此撓性零件結構2b，發生一擴展補償，這是由於該等安裝結構2與該外殼3'譬如發生在該設備之起始處的不同熱膨脹而需要的。
在按照本發明之設備1中，在一步驟中發生該熱交換，亦即於該相對流動中。於相對流動中，如已知者，比於平行流動中，在該內部流動及該外部流動之間平均發生一較大溫度差異。比以該習知聚合反應器之多數步驟熱交換，該熱交換能因此更有效率地進行。此一具有2米長度之反應器能夠因此譬如被一相對流動反應器所替換，該相對流動反應器係約35公分較短(使兩反應器具有相同之橫截表面與相同之冷卻能力)。同時，該內部流動(呈熱傳油形式之熱載體)之壓力損失係減半。
該熱交換器/混合管子、亦即該等安裝結構2之管子21、22形成平面層200，該等平面層係平行配置，且其橫亙對齊係藉由虛線204指示在圖1中。於每一層200中，該管子22(或21)像一蛇形物般由在該基底端部5之入口端部25延伸至在該前頭端部4之出口端部24，包含弧形部分201及平行部分管件202。鄰接層200之部分管件202在交叉點203相交。於圖3中，二鄰接管子21及22係顯示在該左側，且在該右側僅只顯示該管子21。
於該等安裝結構2之主要區域中，二鄰接層200之管子21及22係緊繫在一軸向、亦即縱向對齊之條棒6'上，該條棒形成該等強化元件6的一有利之具體實施例。該條棒6'係緊繫至該基底端部5及超過該非撓性零件結構2a直至該彈性零件結構2b，這造成該擴展補償係可能的。一具體實施例係亦可能的，其中該條棒6'被緊繫至該前頭端部4，且該撓性零件結構2b係位在該基底端部5。
該等強化元件6係有利地形成為像長條之板件(未示出)、條棒6'(圖2)、或連接件6"(圖4)，其係配置分佈在複數點上方。該等像長條之板件被了解為強化元件6，其被公認地由與條棒區段同等地組成，但係以一類似於圖4中之連接件6"的分佈方式配置。像溝槽之壁凹係設在該等條棒6'或長條板上，用於該等管子21及22之插入，以致藉由這些長條板所連接之管子彼此接觸、或係在相當小之間隔下配置，該等間隔實質上係比該等長條板之厚度較小。該等管子及該等長條板之間或該等管子及該等條棒6'間之緊繫連接部較佳地是藉由於一焊接爐中之焊接所建立。該等連接部自然地亦能夠藉由焊接所建立。於圖4所說明之強化形式中，該等連接件6'之每一個連接二鄰接部分管件202。它們較佳地是被焊接。
該主要區域之非撓性零件結構2a係如此製成有抵抗力的，以致當該等設備端部之間在該外部流動中由於該流動阻抗發生至少10巴、較佳地是40巴的縱向壓力差異時，該等安裝結構保持原封不動。
通常設計按照本發明之設備1，使得該前頭端部4及該基底端部5之每一個係不可釋放地連接至該夾套3及至該等安裝結構2。於此案例中，該等安裝結構2不能被移去。如果需要可移去之安裝結構2，使用該等已知設備(聚合反應器)可為更有利的。
該夾套3能於一外部壁面30及該像管子的外殼3'之間包含一環狀間隙空間31，具有較佳地是該環熱輸送介質7的一部份之熱載體，並能夠傳導經過該環狀間隙空間(該熱載體之入口管線35及出口管線34)。
該熱交換器/混合管子21、22係於鑽孔40中附接及緊繫至該前頭端部4及於鑽孔50中緊繫至該基底端部5。該等鑽孔40係配置在接近該夾套之二環狀部份；該等鑽孔50係配置在一橫越該基底端部5之中心的長條板上。該熱輸送介質7係進給經過一入口管線51及一分佈室517進入該等安裝結構2之個別管子21、22，並在其出口聯合於一收集室417及一出口管線41中。
該前頭端部4具有一中心入口開口42，且該基底端部5具有一配置緊鄰用於該液體8之中心的出口開口52。開口42及52兩者亦可在該中心或離心地配置，或該入口開口42係離心地配置及該出口開口52配置在該中心。
能使用按照本發明之設備1，譬如，用於一聚酯熔料或另一熔化之聚合物(液體8)，以使藉由冷卻之分解減到最少。另一用途係一聚合物之加熱，使得其更具流動性。另一用途係該食品領域、諸如巧克力塊、焦糖或口香糖的高黏性介質之加熱或冷卻。一熱傳油料通常被用作該熱輸送介質7。亦可使用其他介質、諸如水或蒸汽。
1．．．設備
2．．．安裝結構
2a．．．不可擴展之零件結構
2b．．．可擴展之零件結構
3．．．夾套
3'．．．外殼
4．．．前頭端部
5．．．基底端部
6．．．強化元件
6'．．．條棒
6"．．．連接件
7．．．熱輸送介質
8．．．液體
21．．．管子
22．．．管子
24．．．出口端部
25．．．入口端部
30．．．外部壁面
31．．．環狀間隙空間
34．．．出口管線
35．．．入口管線
40．．．鑽孔
41．．．出口管線
42．．．入口開口
50．．．鑽孔
51．．．入口管線
52．．．出口開口
200．．．平面層
201．．．弧形部分
202．．．部分管件
203．．．交叉點
204．．．虛線
417．．．收集室
517．．．分佈室
本發明將在下文參考該等圖面說明。在此顯示：圖1係按照本發明具有熱交換器/混合管子之設備的前頭端部；圖2係二層鄰接之熱交換器/混合管子；圖3係按照本發明之設備的局部顯示縱向剖面；及圖4係強化元件之進一步範例。
2．．．安裝結構
2a．．．不可擴展之零件結構
2b．．．可擴展之零件結構
6．．．強化元件
6'．．．條棒
7．．．熱輸送介質
21．．．管子
22．．．管子
24．．．出口端部
200．．．平面層
201．．．弧形部分
202．．．部分管件
203．．．交叉點

Claims (8)

  1. 一種聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中安裝結構(2)於夾套(3)中形成一熱交換及混合結構，該夾套縱向地延伸於一前頭端部(4)及一基底端部(5)之間；其中該熱輸送介質可由該基底端部至該前頭端部被運送於該等安裝結構的管子(21,22)中，當作一內部流動；其中該液體能由該前頭端部運送至該基底端部，當作一外部流動；其中提供強化元件(6,6',6")，該等強化元件使該等安裝結構於該縱向中穩定抵抗藉由該液體所產生之壓力梯度；其中該等安裝結構係藉由該等強化元件所連接，以於一主要區域中形成一不可擴展之零件結構(2a)，且在互補於該主要區域之次要區域中保留至少局部地未強化為一可縱向擴展之零件結構(2b)；其中該等管子(21,22)的每一者形成與鄰接管平行之平面層(200)，且以蛇形方式由入口端(25)延伸至出口端(24)以界定弧形部分(201)及平行部分管件(202)；其中鄰接層的部分管件相交；其中該等安裝結構(2)之主要區域被製成具阻抗的，以致該等安裝結構以至少10巴，較佳地是40巴的設備端部間之縱向壓力差保持原封不動。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中在該等安裝結構(2)之主要區域中，該等管子(21,22)係緊繫在軸向、亦即縱向對齊條棒(6')上，或 係藉著像長條板之形式的元件所連接，並在該等長條板或條棒設有像溝槽的壁凹供該等管子之插入，使得藉由這些長條板或條棒所連接之管子彼此接觸，或係在實質上比該長條板或條棒之厚度較小的相當小之間隔下配置，使該等緊繫連接部較佳地是藉由在一焊接爐中之焊接所建立。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中在該等安裝結構(2)之主要區域中，該等管子(21,22)係藉由連接件(6")所連接，使該緊繫連接部較佳是藉由熔接所建立。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中該前頭端部及基底端部(分別為4及5)之每一個係不可釋放地連接至該夾套(3)及至該等安裝結構(2)，且該等安裝結構係如此不可移除的。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中該夾套(3)包含一環狀間隙空間(31)，熱輸送介質能傳導經過該環狀間隙空間。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中該等安裝結構(2)之管子(21,22)係於鑽孔(40)中導入及緊繫在該前頭端部及基底端部(分別為4及5)，該等鑽孔係配置在一接近該夾套之圓環上、或在一與該前 頭端部或基底端部之中心交叉的長條上。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項聯合液體(8)及熱輸送介質(7)間之熱傳送與該液體的靜態混合之設備(1)，其中該前頭端部(4)具有一中心入口開口(42)，且該基底端部(5)具有一配置鄰接用於該液體(8)之中心的去中心出口開口(52)；或其中應用相反之配置；或其中該等去中心或中心開口(42,52)係配置在兩端(4,5)。
  8. 一種如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之設備的用法，其特徵為該液體之(8)係一熔化之聚合物、譬如一聚酯熔料，且該熱輸送介質(7)係一熱傳送油料；及其中該熔料係譬如被冷卻至將退化減到最少、或譬如被加熱至造成該聚合物更易流動。
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