TWI459949B - β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物的用途 - Google Patents
β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明是有關於一種β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,特別是有關於一種β-葡聚糖用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物的用途。
許多疾病之病徵皆有免疫球蛋白A(IgA)不正常提升之情形,例如甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎(IgA腎炎,IgA nephropathy)或僵直性脊椎炎等疾病。其中,甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎係為腎絲球腎炎中最常見的一種,到目前為止,其病因尚未明瞭,而醫學研究亦發現約15%的僵直性脊椎炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)病患會併發甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎。甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎病患體內可發現過量的IgA,IgA再與補體(complement)系統形成免疫複合體(immune complex),沉澱在腎絲球內,引起一連串的傷害(屬於第三型過敏反應)。甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎患者中,大部分屬於原發性腎臟炎症,其患者血液中約有60%的患者體內IgA濃度高於正常。
迄今為止,甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎尚無完善之治療方案,其治療方向多分為支持治療及控制免疫與發炎反應之免疫抑制治療兩大方向。支持治療以血管收縮素轉換酶(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor,ACE-inhibitors)及血管收縮素-II接受體抑制劑
(Angiotensin-II receptor blockers)降低患者之血壓,藉以延緩腎功能之缺損。
再者,免疫抑制治療之目的係為抑制腎病變之進展以延緩腎功能惡化,通常免疫抑制治療之第一線藥物為糖皮質固醇(Corticosteroid),適用於仍保有腎功能之病患。第二線之藥物則有細胞毒性藥物及免疫抑制劑(Immunosupressants),兩者多混合使用,且適用於腎功能受損之病患。然,免疫抑制劑的作用係為非特異性,可能會引發許多副作用,例如:降低免疫力,進而誘發更嚴重感染;抑制骨髓造血功能,使白血球、血小板數量減少,進而導致貧血等。此外,若長期使用可能導致癌症發生,且亦可能造成女性患者難以受孕,若妊娠時可能使胎兒畸形,而男性長期使用之情況下,可能降低精子數量及質量。且因免疫抑制劑的作用為非特異性,可能導致病患機體免疫功能的遽降,使得病原微生物感染增加,長期使用可能導致癌症。
有鑑於上述習知技藝之問題,本發明之目的就是在提供一種β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其係用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物,以解決長期服用免疫抑制劑所造成免疫功能遽降之問題。
根據本發明之目的,提出一種β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其係用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之
藥物。其中β-葡聚糖可從啤酒酵母菌萃取而得,而所述藥物更包含醫藥可接受之載劑,其可選自由調味劑、增甜劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、螯合劑、等滲透劑、錠劑、佐劑、著色劑、結合劑及醫藥可相容載劑所組成之群組中,以將本發明所述之藥物製為錠型、液型或粉末型等劑型。此外,β-葡聚糖的有效劑量為每日每70公斤體重300毫克至450毫克,較佳為每日每70公斤體重350至400毫克。
承上所述,依本發明β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其係用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物,其可具有一或多個下述優點:
(1)藉由服用本發明所述之藥物,並不會影響正常情況下體內抗體之平衡(即不會抑制IgA分泌),而是在IgA不正常地上升時,具有降低IgA濃度之功效。
(2)病患長期服用本發明所述之藥物後,其並不會出現降低免疫力、骨髓造血功能降低、貧血等副作用。
本發明係掲露一種抑制免疫球蛋白A上升之藥物,其包含β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)及醫藥可接受之載劑。其中β-葡聚糖可從啤酒酵母菌萃取而得,而醫藥可接受之載劑可選自由調味劑、增甜劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、螯合劑、等滲透劑、錠劑、佐劑、著色劑、結合劑及醫藥可相容
載劑所組成之群組中,以將本發明之藥物製為錠型、液型或粉末型等劑型,進而方便使用者服用。此外,β-葡聚糖的有效劑量為每日每70公斤體重300毫克至450毫克,較佳為每日每70公斤體重350至400毫克。
在本實施例中,本發明之藥物中的β-葡聚糖係從啤酒酵母菌(saccharomyces cerevisiae)之細胞壁所純化。實驗動物為BALB/c雌鼠,隨機分為四組,分別為控制組、0.1β組、0.5β組及0.5βM組,每組5隻實驗鼠,其中0.1β組、0.5β組及0.5βM組係以β-葡聚糖之濃度作區分,0.1β組及0.5β組之β-葡聚糖濃度分別為0.39mg/ml及1.95mg/ml;0.5βM組之小鼠係餵食含0.5% β-葡聚糖奶粉,且其β-葡聚糖濃度為1.95mg/ml,而控制組係餵食蒸餾水。每組小鼠每次胃灌食之體積均為0.5ml。每組分別餵食2或6週後,取其腸道淋巴結培氏斑(Peyer’s patches,PP)及腸繫膜淋巴結(mesenteric lymph node,MLN)細胞進行培養。
2或6週後,將小鼠腹膜剪開以鑷子挑出小腸並稍微攤開,在盲腸附近找到透明的腸繫膜及為血管匯集處,即為腸繫膜淋巴結。再者,培氏斑為小腸壁上突起的橢圓形淋巴結組織,外觀淡黃色米粒狀,分布在胃下端的十二指腸到盲腸之間。
又,以下所有實驗結果之表達皆以平均值±標準差
(mean±SD)表示,並以Microsoft® Office Excel 2003進行統計分析。統計分析以控制組分別與0.1β組、0.5β組及0.5βM組之結果進行t檢定(student’s t-test)。當p<0.05時,表示兩組間達顯著差異,並以「*」表示與圖式中。
由於培氏斑細胞以B細胞為主,IgA則主要由B細胞分泌,因此在本實施例中係觀察培氏斑細胞上清液中IgA含量。以不同濃度之β-葡聚糖的本發明之藥物餵食小鼠2或6週後,犧牲小鼠取其培氏斑細胞,進而處理細菌脂聚醣(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)並培養72小時後,分析培氏斑上清液中IgA含量。結果顯示,不管餵食2週或6週後,0.5β組及0.5βM組之培氏斑上清液IgA顯著低於控制組,分別如第1及2圖所示。然而,未與LPS共同培養的培氏斑細胞上清液,其各組IgA含量與控制組相比並未達到顯著差異。由上述可知,餵食小鼠本發明之藥物2週即可於LPS刺激的情況下,減少培氏斑細胞分泌IgA。又,不論餵食本發明之藥物2或6週,於未經LPS處理的情況下,本發明之藥物並不影響培氏斑細胞分泌IgA的能力。
請參閱第3至5圖,其係分別為本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液中IgA、IgG及IgM含量之影響。圖中,以LPS處理0.5βM組之培氏斑細胞上清液,其IgA及IgM含量低於控制組,而0.5β組的IgA及IgM含量與控制組
相比雖未達統計差異,但有下降的趨勢。然,IgG之含量於控制組、0.5β組及0.5βM組之間並無顯著差異。由上述可知,餵食小鼠β-葡聚糖濃度為1.95mg/ml的本發明之藥物2週後對培氏斑細胞上清液中IgA及IgM之生成有抑制之現象,但不影響IgG分泌。再者,比較三種抗體的分泌量,發現IgG的生成在培氏斑細胞中佔極少的數量,可推測IgG在此系統中並非主要的抗體形式。因此,此結果可知本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞在LPS刺激下,具有降低抗體分泌之能力。
雖然培氏斑中主要細胞群為B細胞,但其他如樹突狀細胞(dendritic cell,DC)及T細胞也會透過細胞激素的分泌參與B細胞的活化與成熟,如轉化生長因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TFG-β1)可誘導IgA類型轉換,而介白質-10(interlukin-10,IL-10)則會促進IgA分泌。故在本實施例中,欲測定餵食β-葡聚醣濃度為1.95mg/ml的本發明之藥物2週之小鼠,其培氏斑細胞上清液中TFG-β1及IL-10之含量。結果顯示,以細菌脂聚醣刺激下,0.5β組及0.5βM組之TFG-β1及IL-10之含量皆顯著低於控制組,如第6及7圖所示。此外,在培氏斑細胞未受到刺激的狀況下,相較於IL-10未被測出,TGF-β1即有很高的表現量,可能是細胞上清液中同時存有活化及非活化態的TGF-β1,在測定的過程中須將樣本進行酸水解處理,因此所測得之數據為活化及非活化態
TGF-β1的總和。
影響腸道細胞IgA抗體生成因素中,除了培氏斑細胞本身所分泌之細胞激素外,由T細胞分泌的類型轉換相關激素,也是重要的調控因子。而腸道T細胞主要分布於腸繫膜淋巴結中,因此本實驗將餵食β-葡聚醣濃度為1.95mg/ml的本發明之藥物2週之小鼠,將其腸繫膜淋巴結細胞上清液與刀豆球蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)共同培養48小時,再測定腸繫膜淋巴結細胞上清液中TGF-β1及IL-10之含量。結果顯示0.5β組之TGF-β1分泌量顯著低於控制組,在0.5βM組則有下降的趨勢,如第8圖所示。而其IL-10之含量相較於控制組,0.5β組及0.5βM組皆有下降的趨勢,如第9圖所示。由上述結果可知,本發明之藥物對於調控TGF-β1而言,不論在培氏斑或腸繫膜淋巴結細胞中,其結果有相似的趨勢。相較於培氏斑細胞,腸繫膜淋巴結細胞分泌IL-10之能力較弱,故其降低IL-10含量之結果並不明顯。
因此,當以口服方式餵予活體動物一段時間後(in vivo),分離腸道淋巴細胞進行體外細胞培養試驗,結果發現β-葡聚糖可顯著抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升,且對於正常狀況下腸道細胞分泌抗體能力無負面影響。
綜合上述結果,本發明之藥物中β-葡聚糖的有效劑量係由上述動物實驗之劑量換算而得。當外來物(本實驗
為LPS或ConA)刺激下,本發明之藥物才具有抑制IgA分泌之能力。而在正常之情況下,並不影響體內IgA濃度。另一方面,本發明之藥物對於抗體分泌而言,當以LPS或ConA處理培氏斑細胞及腸繫膜淋巴結細胞時,才明顯抑制TGF-β1及IL-10分泌量,而無外來物刺激的情況下,所有抗體則成平衡狀態。因此本發明之藥物並不會影響正常情況下的免疫反應,但當IgA被不正常之增加時(例如罹患甲型球蛋白腎絲球腎炎或僵直性脊椎炎等疾病),本發明之藥物具有降低IgA濃度之能力,且亦調控影響IgA分泌之抗體。
以上所述僅為舉例性,而非為限制性者。任何未脫離本發明之精神與範疇,而對其進行之等效修改或變更,均應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。
第1圖 係為餵食小鼠本發明之藥物2週後,本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液IgA抗體含量之影響
第2圖 係為餵食小鼠本發明之藥物6週後,本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液IgA抗體含量之影響
第3圖 係為本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液中IgA含量之影響
第4圖 係為本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液中IgG含量之影響
第5圖 係為本發明之藥物對培氏斑細胞上清液中IgM
含量之影響
第6圖 係為本發明之藥物對腸道培氏斑細胞上清液中TGF-β1含量之影響
第7圖 係為本發明之藥物對腸道培氏斑細胞上清液中IL-10含量之影響
第8圖 係為本發明之藥物對腸道腸繫膜淋巴結細胞上清液中TGF-β1含量之影響
第9圖 係為本發明之藥物對腸道腸繫膜淋巴結細胞上清液中IL-10含量之影響
Claims (5)
- 一種β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其係用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物,其中該β-葡聚糖的有效劑量為每人每日每70公斤體重300至450毫克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其中該β-葡聚糖係自啤酒酵母菌萃取而得。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其中該藥物更包含一醫藥可接受之載劑,該醫藥可接受之載劑係選自由調味劑、增甜劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、螯合劑、等滲透劑、錠劑、佐劑、著色劑、結合劑及醫藥可相容載劑所組成之群組中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其中該藥物之劑型包括錠型、液型或粉末型。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)的用途,其中該β-葡聚糖的有效劑量為每人每日每70公斤體重350至400毫克。
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TW099123590A TWI459949B (zh) | 2010-07-16 | 2010-07-16 | β-葡聚糖(β-glucan)用於製備抑制免疫球蛋白A不正常上升之藥物的用途 |
US12/954,776 US20120015903A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2010-11-26 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR INHIBITING INCREASE OF IgA |
US13/759,782 US20130150320A1 (en) | 2010-07-16 | 2013-02-05 | Method of inhibiting increase of immunoglobulin a |
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US5622939A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1997-04-22 | Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc. | Glucan preparation |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Stuyven, E. et al,"Oral Administration of beta-1,3/1,6-Glucan to Dogs Temporally Changes Total and Antigen-Specific IgA and IgM", CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY, 2010, 17(2): 281-285. * |
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