TWI443240B - 絕緣材料 - Google Patents

絕緣材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI443240B
TWI443240B TW096136758A TW96136758A TWI443240B TW I443240 B TWI443240 B TW I443240B TW 096136758 A TW096136758 A TW 096136758A TW 96136758 A TW96136758 A TW 96136758A TW I443240 B TWI443240 B TW I443240B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
layer
insulating material
thickness
group
fiber
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TW096136758A
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English (en)
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TW200837240A (en
Inventor
Friedrich Suchomel
Johann Manner
Heinrich Firgo
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Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag
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Publication of TW200837240A publication Critical patent/TW200837240A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
    • A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
    • A47G9/0207—Blankets; Duvets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
    • A47G9/10—Pillows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/02—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00—Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00—Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • B68G2001/005—Loose filling materials for upholstery for pillows or duvets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24992—Density or compression of components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Bedding Items (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)

Description

絕緣材料
本發明係關於一種絕緣材料。
術語“絕緣材料”廣義地涵蓋用於將具有較高溫度的區與具有較低溫度的區隔離之所有材料，諸如特別用於被褥(duvets)、枕頭、睡袋、床墊之填充材料，用於塗料之填充材料，諸如用於滑雪及冬季衣物者；運動服層面；亦或建築物及工業應用中之熱絕緣體。
絕緣材料通常包括第一表面及第二表面，該第一表面，當有用到時，係與具有第一溫度及第一絕對濕度的第一區接觸，且該第二表面，當有用到時，係與具有低於該第一溫度的第二溫度及具有第二絕對濕度之第二區接觸，而該第二絕對濕度可能不同於該第一絕對濕度，特別是若想到寢具材料諸如被褥之時。
從大體積的不織物，其亦稱為“高蓬鬆”(highloft)不織物製造上面提及類型的絕緣材料係已知者。Holiday，Th.M.,“Highloft Nonwovens Handbook”INDA,1989，概括地述及也可用於絕緣目的的高蓬鬆不織物所具基本性質。
有關“高蓬鬆”材料，為本發明目的，應瞭解為一種展示典型地從5至25公斤/立方米之低密度的材料。
絕緣材料的水分吸收性質係十分重要的。特別者，此點用於寢具諸如被褥、枕頭及類似者而言更為真確。於睡眠中，在被褥內部因而形成的體汗及水分應以蒸氣形式透過被褥運離。假設，在水分運載期間，因為被褥內部溫度及外部溫度之間之不同，溫度下降到露點(dewpoint)以下，則該水分可能凝結。此會導致被褥之潮濕感覺，此係高度不宜者。
當然，同樣的原則也適用於普通的衣物，及特別者，運動服。再者，凝結作用也可能限制絕緣材料在建築或工業應用中之效率。
因此，能吸收水分的吸濕性纖維，諸如纖維素纖維，常用在絕緣材料中以避免材料內部水分凝結之負面作用。
再者，為多種理由，已知要使用非吸濕性纖維(諸如聚酯纖維)與吸濕性纖維(諸如纖維素纖維)之不織混合品，作為填充材料，特別是用於寢具者。
例如，WO 99/16705揭示一種聚酯纖維及萊賽爾(Lyocell)纖維的不織混合品作為填充材料之用途，例如用於被褥及枕頭者。DE 44 45 085 A1揭示聚酯纖維和苧蔴(ramie)纖維的不織混合品用於相同目的之用途。從EP 1 067 227也揭示聚酯纖維和黏膠絲(Viscose)纖維的不織混合品用於相同目的之用途。
此外，W.Fritsche在Melliand International(2)1997,p.80 ff.中的文件“Processing trials with lyocell fibers using stitch bonding technique”，揭示包含聚酯纖維和萊賽爾纖維的不織材料。
本發明之一目的為提供一種絕緣材料，其可避免或至少降低材料內部因凝結作用所導致之潛在問題，同時另一方面，將該材料運離水分之透氣性(breathability)或能力基本上保留住。
此目的係藉由一種絕緣材料而解決，此絕緣材料包括第一表面及第二表面，該第一表面，當有用到時，係與具有第一溫度和第一絕對濕度之第一區接觸，且該第二表面，當有用到時，係與具有低於該第一溫度的第二溫度和具有可能不同自該第一絕對濕度的第二絕對濕度之第二區接觸，該材料包括基本上非吸濕性纖維材料之第一層及基本上吸濕性纖維材料之第二層，該第一層係經配置於毗鄰該第一區且該第二層經配置於毗鄰該第二區，及其特徵在於該第一及第二層皆為由具有從5至125公斤/立方米的密度之不織材料所製成。
在一較佳具體實例中，其特徵在於該不織材料之密度係從5至25公斤/立方米，即，該不織材料係一種高蓬鬆材料。
再者，不織材料較佳的是其不是透過縫綴法(stitch－bonding process)製成者。
業經訝異地發現藉由採用至少兩種各具吸濕性和非吸濕性本質的不織纖維層取代一種緊密混合物(諸如在例如WO 99/17605中所提出者)，在材料內部之凝結作用可明顯地減低。
特別的，本發明絕緣材料可展示一凝結區，在該區中，當有用到時，該溫度係在露點下，且該吸濕性纖維的第二層的厚度可選成使得該第二層至少延伸過該凝結區。
此意指纖維層厚度係經選擇成使得吸濕性纖維第二層延伸進入在使用時由於絕緣材料所分開的兩區之間的氣候差異而可能發生濕氣凝結的該區內。
基於在藉由有使用時的絕緣材料所分開的第一區(具有較高溫度)與第二區(具有較低溫度)間之溫度梯度是線性的假設，可經由施用濕度圖(psychrometric chart)或莫利爾圖(Mollier chart)基於兩區的氣候性質(諸如溫度及絕對濕度)測定預期的凝結區，即可能發生凝結的區。
例如，於被褥的情況中，毗鄰睡眠體的第一區可假定具有約30℃至35℃之平均溫度，與約15克H2 O/立方米空氣之絕對濕度。該第二區，在被褥之外部，可能具有自15℃至10℃的溫度與約8克H2 O/立方米的空氣之室內氣候。
考慮到具有某一厚度，諸如4公分，的填充材料之被褥，可以用上述資料為基礎，使用莫利爾圖，測定當使用該被褥時，可能發生凝結之區。
根據本發明，接著選擇該第二(吸濕)層厚度相對於絕緣材料整體厚度的比例使得，當有用到時，該吸濕層至少延伸過該凝結區。
在另一較佳具體實例中，可依由使用時的材料所分開的在第一區及第二區間之預期溫度差而定界定該第二(吸濕)層厚度相對於絕緣材料整體厚度的較佳比例。
因此，根據本發明一較佳具體實例，該第二層的厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係滿足下式：y(%)>0及y(%)≧207.89－514.84x－0.333 ，其中x表在該第一區的第一溫度與該第二區的第二溫度之間的差值，及其中x為自5至80℃。
此第二(吸濕)層的比例y之範圍特別適合用於選自被褥、枕頭、睡袋、床墊、被子及睡衣用的填充材料組成之群組中的絕緣材料之情況中。
此等材料所具共同點在於彼等大部份係用在睡眠中，其中人體具有低活性及，必然地，少汗，導致圍繞人體的區具有約15克H2 O/立方米之絕對濕度。
若本發明物品中吸濕性纖維層之比例y係經選擇成使其合於上面提及的式子，則該吸濕性纖維層可延伸過物品中的預期凝結區，藉此在使用中於該區內形成的水氣會被吸濕性纖維所吸收。
於根據本發明之另一較佳材料中，該比例y滿足下式：y(%)≧140.88－451.25x－0.5 。
第二(吸濕)層比例y之範圍特別適合用於選自日常衣服所用填充材料所組成之群組中的絕緣材料之情況中。
在“日常衣服”下，係意指通常於日間穿著之衣服，有別於運動服者。日常衣服之例子為日常使用之襯衫、長褲、短衫、夾克及類似者。
在日間穿著的日常衣服之範疇中，在圍繞身體的區內，由於身體與睡眠時的活性比較之下的更高活性，預期會有約20克H2 O/立方米之絕對濕度。
若將比例y選擇成使其合於上面提及的公式，則當，該吸濕性纖維層會延伸過衣服在每日使用時可能發生的凝結區。
最後，在另一較佳具體實例中，根據本發明絕緣材料之特徵在於該比例y滿足下式：y(%)≧100.34－504.27x－1 。
第二層的比例y範圍特別適合於絕緣材料係選自運動服所組成的群組之情況中。
當練習運動時，人體施發高活性，導致圍繞著人體的更高相對濕度，假定為約30克H2 O/立方米。如此一來，在，例如，運動服內的第二(吸濕)層比例y必須比在睡眠物品或日常衣服內者更高。上面提及的公式界定比例y之適當範圍，再次決定於由使用時的絕緣材料所分開的第一區與第二區之間的溫度差。
根據本發明材料之第一(非吸濕性)層可較佳地包含選自聚酯纖維、玻璃纖維、礦岩纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚醯胺纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、聚乳酸纖維、聚乙烯纖維及彼等的混合物所組成之群組中的纖維材料。
根據本發明材料之第二(吸濕)層可較佳地包括選自棉、苧蔴、黏膠絲纖維、模態(Modal)纖維、萊賽爾纖維、亞麻、大麻、木棉(Kapok)、羊毛、羽毛、羽絨、白楊木子毛(poplar seed hair)及彼等的混合物所組成的群組中之纖維材料。
第一及第二層兩者也可分別包含吸濕及非吸濕性纖維之混合物，只要各別層的個別整體吸濕或非吸濕本質得以保留即可。
再者，本發明之材料可包括多於兩層，諸如一或更多附加的纖維層，或覆蓋片，只要吸濕層之厚度係選擇成使其得以延伸過材料之凝結區即可。
本發明材料層可由技藝中已知的方法彼此連接，諸如經由將諸層排列成彼此重疊且用已知方式將彼等接著在一起及/或接著至外部織物層。
基本上吸濕性纖維材料及基本上非吸濕性纖維材料兩者都可包括改質纖維材料，諸如經改質以擁有耐燃性質及類似者之纖維。
本發明也關於一種本發明絕緣材料之用途，其係用為被褥、枕頭、睡袋、床墊之填充材料；作為用於衣服之填充材材料，諸如用於滑雪及冬季衣物；作為運動服之層，或作為建築物之熱絕緣體(諸如用於磚結構體、屋頂絕緣或窗框)及工業應用(諸如用於加熱或冷卻裝置、空調裝置、管路、運輸工具、例如飛機、汽車及火車)。
本發明絕緣材料之一較佳具體實例係選自被褥、枕頭、睡袋、床墊、被子及睡衣所用填充材料所組成之群組，且其特徵在於該第二層厚度相對於材料之總厚度之比例y係20%或更多，較佳者20%至50%。此比例y之範圍涵蓋其中人體之活性低且圍繞人體的區與材料外部區之間的溫度差係約20℃至35℃之大部份材料。
根據本發明絕緣材料之另一較佳具體實例係選自睡袋組成之群組，且其特徵在於第二層厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係40%或更多，較佳者50%至90%。此比例y範圍特別涵蓋適用於甚至非常低溫度的睡袋，其中圍繞人體的區與材料外部的區之間的溫度差可能高到35℃至80℃。
根據本發明絕緣材料另一較佳具體實例係選自滑雪及冬季衣物、特別是冬季外套、冬季長褲、禦寒外套、冬季夾克及高海拔攀登衣物所組成之群組，且其特徵在於第二層厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係60%或更多，較佳者75%至85%。此比例y範圍涵蓋適用於甚至非常低溫度，具有中至高人體活性，且圍繞人體的區與材料外部的區之間的溫度差範圍為高至約30℃至70℃的大部份材料。
最後，根據本發明絕緣材料之另一較佳具體實例係選自運動衣物所組成之群組，且其特徵在於第二層厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係70%或更多，較佳者80%至95%。此比例y範圍涵蓋具有高人體活動，且圍繞人體的區與材料外部的區之間的溫度差範圍為從約20℃至60℃或甚至更高的大部份運動衣物應用。
至此要藉由圖式及實施例更詳細地說明本發明。
由此，圖1示意地顯示出被褥中的溫度梯度。
圖2顯示出根據本發明吸濕性纖維層厚度相對於材料總厚度的比例y之適當範圍曲線，取決於應用部位(人體活動)及在第一區(圍繞著人體)與第二區之間的溫度差。
根據圖1，具有填充100%聚酯纖維之被褥可展示出典型的4公分之厚度。當用到時，該被褥分開成兩區，圖1指出的“區1”及“區2”。
區1，睡眠區，係睡眠人體與被褥第一表面接觸之區。於根據圖1之例子中，此區之溫度係30.7℃，且絕對濕度係14.5克H2 O/立方米空氣。
區2係被褥外部之空氣。根據圖1之例子，此區之氣候係具有18℃及7.7克H2 O/立方米空氣之室內氣候。
以區1及區2之間的溫度梯度為線性之假設為基礎，可藉由應用濕度圖或莫利爾圖以所給氣候性質(諸如溫度及絕對濕度)為基礎定出預期的凝結區，亦即，其中可能發生凝結的區。
如此，經顯示，在根據圖1的被褥中，於區1及區2之指定氣候性質，在從毗鄰睡眠人體的表面約3.5公分之距離處，溫度係在露點下，藉此形成可能發生凝結的區(“C”所表的斜線區)。
根據本發明較佳具體實例，假設該被褥填充係由兩層所構成，一層由100%聚酯纖維所製成且經配置於毗鄰區1之處、且該第二層係由100%萊賽爾纖維所製成且經配置於毗鄰區2之處，且假設該第二層之厚度延伸至少超過該凝結區C，則在該區中凝結的水會被吸濕性萊賽爾纖維所吸收，且可避免在被褥填充料中形成水分。
圖2展示出根據本發明之基本上為吸濕性纖維材料的第二層厚度的比例y之較佳範圍。
圖2之橫座標表示由絕緣材料所分開的第一區及第二區，諸如於衣服的情況中，人體皮膚與外部氣候，之間的溫度差(△T單位℃)。
其縱座標表吸濕性纖維材料層之厚度比例y(%)。
在使用該絕緣材料時，視所涉及的人體活動量而定，可鑑定出三種較佳範圍。
假設人體活動非常高，諸如在練習運動時，則該人體會流汗，導致絕緣材料毗鄰人體側具有約30克H2 O/立方米之高絕對濕度。於此情況中，視在毗鄰人體側的溫度(其可能約30至35℃)與外部溫度(其可能低於0℃)之間的差值而定，吸濕層之厚度比例y應該至少高到於圖2之最左邊的曲線(－◆－◆－◆－◆－)所界定的值，此可用方程式y(%)≧100.34－504.27x－1 予以配合成。
假設該絕緣材料係用於中等人體活動，諸如在日常衣服之情況中，導致絕緣材料的毗鄰人體側具有約20克H2 O/立方米之中等絕對濕度，可發現吸濕層之厚度比例y應該至少高到於圖2中三條曲線之中間曲線(－■－■－■－■－)中所界定的值，此可用方程式y(%)≧140.88－451.25x－0.5 予以配合成。
最後，於低人體活動應用，諸如寢具物品中，絕緣材料毗鄰人體側的絕對濕度可能僅約15克H2 O/立方米，可發現吸濕層之厚度比例y應該至少高到於圖2中最右邊曲線(－▲－▲－▲－▲－)中所界定的值，此可用方程y(%)≧207.89－514.84x－0.333 予以配合成。
界定三條曲線之單點分別係基於所給濕度和溫度條件及基於材料內的線性溫度梯度，利用共同的濕度圖/莫利爾圖，研究溫度達到比各自的露點更低之值之處距絕緣材料毗鄰人體側之距離而測定者。
圖1示意地顯示被褥中之溫度梯度。
圖2顯示根據本發明吸濕性纖維層厚度相對於材料總厚度的比例y之適當範圍之曲線。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種絕緣材料，其係選自由被褥、枕頭、床墊、被子、睡袋、滑雪及冬季衣物、及運動服用的填充材料所組成的群組，該絕緣材料包括第一表面及第二表面，該第一表面，當有用到時，係與具有第一溫度和第一絕對濕度之第一區接觸，且該第二表面，當有用到時，係與具有低於該第一溫度的第二溫度且具有可能不同於該第一絕對濕度的第二絕對濕度之第二區接觸，該材料包含基本上為非吸濕性纖維材料之第一層及基本上為吸濕性纖維材料之第二層，該第一層係經配置於毗鄰該第一區且該第二層係經配置於毗鄰該第二區，該絕緣材料的特徵在於該第一層及第二層係由具有從5至125公斤/立方米的密度之不織材料所製成，其中該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y滿足下列條件：- 當該絕緣材料係選自由被褥、枕頭、床墊和被子用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係20%或更多，- 當該絕緣材料係選自由睡袋用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係40%或更多，- 當該絕緣材料係選自由滑雪及冬季衣物用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係60%或更多，及- 當該絕緣材料係選自由運動衣物用的填充材料所組 成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係70%或更多。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣材料，其中該不織材料之密度為從5至25公斤/立方米。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣材料，其中當該絕緣材料係選自由被褥、枕頭、床墊和被子用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係20%至50%。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣材料，其中當該絕緣材料係選自由睡袋用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係50%至90%。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣材料，其中當該絕緣材料係選自由滑雪及冬季衣物用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於該材料的總厚度之比例y係75%至85%。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第5項之絕緣材料，其中該滑雪及冬季衣物係選自冬季外套、冬季長褲、禦寒外套、冬季夾克及高海拔攀登衣物。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之絕緣材料，其中當該絕緣材料係選自由運動衣物用的填充材料所組成的群組時，該第二層的厚度相對於材料總厚度之比例y係80%至95%。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之絕緣材 料，其中該第一層包含選自聚酯纖維、玻璃纖維、礦岩纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚醯胺纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、聚乳酸纖維、聚乙烯纖維及彼等的混合物所組成的群組中之纖維材料。
  9. 根據申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之絕緣材料，其中該第二層包含選自棉、苧蔴、黏膠絲纖維(Viscose fiber)、模態(Modal)纖維、萊賽爾纖維(Lyocell fiber)、亞麻、大麻、木棉(Kapok)、羊毛、羽毛、羽絨(down)、白楊木子毛(poplar seed hair)及彼等的混合物所組成的群組中之纖維材料。
TW096136758A 2006-10-25 2007-10-01 絕緣材料 TWI443240B (zh)

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