TWI439232B - 可溶性燕麥或大麥粉以及利用連續性炊具之製備方法 - Google Patents

可溶性燕麥或大麥粉以及利用連續性炊具之製備方法 Download PDF

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TWI439232B
TWI439232B TW098134765A TW98134765A TWI439232B TW I439232 B TWI439232 B TW I439232B TW 098134765 A TW098134765 A TW 098134765A TW 98134765 A TW98134765 A TW 98134765A TW I439232 B TWI439232 B TW I439232B
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whole oat
barley flour
flour
barley
starting mixture
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TW201026235A (en
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Robert Chatel
Yongsoo Chung
Justin French
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Quaker Oats Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
    • A21D13/047—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour from cereals other than rye or wheat, e.g. rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/02—Products made from whole meal; Products containing bran or rough-ground grain
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
    • A21D13/40—Products characterised by the type, form or use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
    • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
    • A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
    • A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
    • A21D2/186—Starches; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D6/00—Other treatment of flour or dough before baking, e.g. cooling, irradiating, heating
    • A21D6/003—Heat treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/34—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/42—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
    • A23L29/35—Degradation products of starch, e.g. hydrolysates, dextrins; Enzymatically modified starches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/198—Dry unshaped finely divided cereal products, not provided for in groups A23L7/117 - A23L7/196 and A23L29/00, e.g. meal, flour, powder, dried cereal creams or extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/20—Extruding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Description

可溶性燕麥或大麥粉以及利用連續性炊具之製備方法 發明領域
本發明大致關於可溶性燕麥或大麥粉。更特定地，本發明關於製造可溶性燕麥或大麥粉的方法。
發明背景
多年以來，燕麥片由於其對健康的好處已經成為人類日常飲食的主要食物。例如，許多研究已經顯示每天吃燕麥片可幫助降低血中膽固醇、減少心臟疾病的風險、促進健康的血流以及維持健康的血壓。此外，燕麥片中具有高含量的複雜碳水化合物及纖維，其促進緩慢的消化及穩定的血糖值。
就現今繁忙的生活型態而言，消費者要求方便，諸如製品的可攜帶性及簡易性。消費者想要從包括飲品的各種食物來源及速食品(諸如餅乾條(bars)，餅乾、脆餅，司莫奇(smoothies)及類似物)獲得燕麥片。
製備具有充分可溶性纖維的整個燕麥產品以滿足宣稱健康所必要之FDA的最低標準係想要的。例如，整個燕麥產品於每次食用中必須具有0.75g的可溶性β-葡萄聚糖纖維。為了製備每次食用含有至少0.75g之可溶性燕麥纖維的燕麥飲品(約18g的整個燕麥榖粒)，必須使用高度可溶性的燕麥粉。傳統上，高度可溶性麥粉利用酵素(諸如α-澱粉酶)製備。經酵素處理的燕麥粉然後經由鼔式或噴霧乾燥。此 方法具有至少兩步驟以上且傳統上係昂貴，再者以低速生產可溶性燕麥粉。例如，成批的漿體由麥粉(燕麥)及水(70-90%水份含量)製備。酵素然後加入漿體中並維持在最佳酵素反應狀況，接著進行酵素去活化過程。漿體然後被轉送至噴霧或是鼔式乾燥器中。對於製備燕麥片產品而言，更有效率的過程係想要的。
類似地，為了健康之故，大麥已經變成人類飲食中想要的主食，而且加工及製備含大麥產品的適當方法也是想要的。
發明概要
本發明的面向關於利用壓出(連續性烹飪)過程以膠化及糊精化燕麥粉而在單一步驟中製備可溶性燕麥或大麥粉。
本發明此處揭露的各種面向以及優點和特徵經過參考以下的說明將變得明顯。再者，應該了解者此處所述之各種實施例的特徵並非是相互排除的，反而是可以各種結合與置換型式存在。
本發明之詳細說明
本發明關於可溶性燕麥或大麥粉及利用連續性炊具以在單一步驟中膠化及糊精化整個燕麥或大麥粉之生產可溶性燕麥或大麥粉的方法。本過程較先前技藝為容易、不昂貴且耗時較少。
製備的起始混合物含有整個燕麥或大麥粉、顆粒糖、任意地麥芽糊精與至少一抗氧化劑。
整個燕麥或大麥粉存在數量以重量計為起始組成物總重的約50%至約100。於進一步態樣中，整個燕麥或大麥粉存在數量以重量計為約80%至約100或約90%至約95%。
糖可為習於此藝者所知的任何適合的糖。糖的非限制性實例包括蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖與其他習於此藝者所知的糖與其等的組合。典型上，糖存在數量以重量計為起始組成物總重的0至約15%。於進一步態樣中，糖的存在數量以重量計為0至約7%。
麥芽糊精存在數量以重量計可為起始組成物總重的約0%至約15%。於進一步態樣中，麥芽糊精的存在數量以重量計為約3%至約7%。
抗氧化劑可為任何適合的抗氧化劑，諸如混合的天然生育酚或人工的抗氧化劑(諸如BHT及BHA)。抗氧化劑的存在數量以重量計為從0.1%至2%。於進一步態樣中，抗氧化劑的存在數量以重量計為約0.25%至約0.75%。
混合物可於壓出前在前處理器中預水合化。在本工業中熟知前處理器有助於降低擠壓機烹飪混合物所需要的機械動力。前處理器對於生產能力將給予總體的提升。在前處理器中，添加水或蒸氣
以增加混合物的水份含量至約25至約35%，更特定地約28至約30%。於壓出前，混合物的整體溫度增加至約140℉-160℉。於壓出前，混合物具有均勻自由流動之濕潤 材料的特性。
澱粉膠化需要水及熱。燕麥的膠化溫度範圍為127℉至138℉(53-59℃)。若溼度少於約60%，則需要較高的溫度。典型上，壓出發生於料管融膠(barrel)溫度140℉及250℉之間。麵糰(dough)溫度大致為212℉及260℉之間。
混合物被送入擠壓機中。任一適合的擠壓機都可使用，包括適合的單一旋槳或雙旋槳擠壓機。典型上，但非限制的，旋槳速度為200-300rpm。
例如，溫度約140℉-160℉的水合化混合物被送入低剪力烹飪擠壓機。低剪力烹飪壓出由溼度範圍20至35%、剪力速率範圍20至100s-1、機械能量輸入0.02至0.05kw-hr/kg及最高麵糰溫度少於或等於150℃所定義。參見Judson M.Harper CRC Press 1980出版之食品壓出。
可通過擠壓機料管壁諸如圍著料管的套殼而施加熱氣，熱介質如蒸氣、水或油會通過套殼而循環，或者經由埋在料管中的電熱器而施加熱氣。藉由材料於擠壓機內部移動時的摩擦也可產生熱。剪力由擠壓機旋槳的設計及旋槳速度控制。黏度為澱粉結構、溫度、水份含量、脂肪含量及剪力的函數。擠壓機中施加至澱粉(尤其是分枝澱粉)的剪力應力及熱降低它們的平均分子量。
壓出的麵糰離開烹飪擠壓機。當它離開時，水立即蒸發冷卻麵糰及使它的水份含量降到25至30%的範圍。麵糰然後送入第二形成擠壓機，於該處它進一步冷卻至低於水的沸點，被強迫通過模具開口並被切成小粒。25至30%溼 度的小粒然後被運送至小粒乾燥機並去水合化至大約7-10%的溼度；特別是8-9%。小粒然後被顆粒化。顆粒化的規格可以放寬。50-250微米。特別地，目標178-250微米；最大212微米。
顆粒化產品可用於飲品，諸如易開罐飲品、果汁、乳品飲品與碳酸軟飲品，及各種食品，諸如糖果棒、穀類食物、布丁、司莫奇(smoothies)、粉狀飲品、餅乾、脆餅等等。可溶性燕麥或大麥粉也可被用於製造軟食品，諸如冰淇淋及軟優格。上述的名單並非是排它的，習於此藝者將會認知到依據本發明可溶性燕麥或大麥粉可被添加至其他飲品及食品中。
例如，飲品含有約1%至約25%之可溶性燕麥或大麥粉及約70%至約95%全部水分，典型上，約75%至約90%全部水分，基於全部飲品的重量。若想要的話，平衡物中可含有甜味劑、香料、水果及其他材料。
水應該適合用於食品中。全部水分可以部分來自或全部來自可飲用食品的其他部分，特別是使用奶品、果汁或其他含水成分時。例如，奶品可以是乳品(如整個、2%、1%或無脂肪)或非乳品(如大豆)。奶品亦可來自奶粉與水。
飲品也可包括水果組份。水果組份可包括果汁、含優格水果、水果泥；新鮮水果、水果醬、水果冰沙、水果粉糖，乾燥水果粉與其等的組合。典型上，水果組份具有足夠小的顆粒使得其可無須咀嚼而安全吞下。水果組份及/或添加的酸味劑可以調整以獲得所要的pH值，例如少於約 4.6的pH值。
食品包括穀類食物及即可吃零食糖果棒。適合數量的顆粒化產品被加入食物混合物中。
另外的成分可加入飲品及食品中。這種成分包括非榖粒為底成分。例如，包括香味劑、著色劑、甜味劑、鹽分以及維他命與礦物質。於本發明一實施例中，香味劑諸如草莓、巧克力或肉桂氣味被加入以增加產品的味道。其他水果香味劑也是有用的，以提供食品不同的味道，例如，草莓、芒果與香蕉及其等混合物。香料，特別是肉桂可以使用。此外，任何所要的氣味或香味可以使用。適合的甜味劑(人工的或天然的)可加入食品中以提供所要的甜度。例如，黑糖、楓糖或果糖可以使用。非榖粒為底之食物成分的添加範圍為產品總重的約10至75wt%。
其他隨意的成分包括，但不限於此，鹽分、親水膠質、多醣、黏稠劑、咖啡因、乳品、咖啡固體、茶固體、藥草、保健化合物、電解質、維他命、礦物質、胺基酸、防腐劑、酒精、著色劑、乳化劑與油類，如習於此藝者所知者。
可溶性燕麥或大麥粉包括β葡萄聚糖可溶性纖維，諸如β-1，3-葡萄聚糖，β-1，6-葡萄聚糖或β-1，4-葡萄聚糖或其等混合物。除了天然存在於燕麥的β葡萄聚糖之外，β葡萄聚糖也可被加入，如為FDA所核准的。在某些實施例中，燕麥粉較佳地含有至少約3%至5%或約3.7%至4%的β葡萄聚糖。在某些實施例中，含燕麥粉的液體產品中含有0.1%至約1.5%的β葡萄聚糖，或約0.8%至1.3%的β葡萄聚糖。其 他數量的β葡萄聚糖也是有用的。
如說明的，本發明提供健康可飲用及可食用的飲品與食品，其非常方便而可隨時隨地的消費，使得它特別吸引今日繁忙生活型態的消費者。
實例1
用於壓出過程的麥粉混合配方
實例2
脆餅配方典型上由整個小麥粉或小麥麩質製成。但是配方可用此水解的燕麥粉取代以增進營養的好處(心臟健康)以及提供適當的強度給被片狀化及切成脆餅之麵糰。配方包括：
實例3
燕麥冰淇淋配方
本發明可以其他特別的型式具體化而依然不會逸脫其精神或基本特徵。因此，上述實施例在任何方面應該被認為只是說明而非對於此處描述發明的限制。本發明的範圍由附加的申請專利範圍而不是由前面的描述界定，而且落入申請專利範圍均等意義與範疇之內的所有改變將為本發明所含括。

Claims (15)

  1. 一種生產可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉的方法，其包括：將一全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物濕潤並加熱至140℉-160℉，以形成一具有28至35wt%之含水量的均勻自由流動之濕潤混合物，其中該全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物包括有50至95wt%之全燕麥或大麥粉、糖及至少一抗氧化劑；將該濕潤的全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物添加至一擠壓機，其中該擠壓機料管溫度(barrel temperature)係約140℉至約250℉；以機械作用膠化及糊化該全燕麥或大麥粉，並在該擠壓機中加熱；將存在於該擠壓機中的混合物顆粒化，以形成該可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物更包括麥芽糊精。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該全燕麥粉或大麥起始混合物包括約50至約95wt%的全燕麥或大麥粉，3至約15wt%的顆粒糖，0至約15wt%的麥芽糊精及有效量的至少一抗氧化劑。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中該全燕麥粉或大麥起始混合物包括約80至約95wt%的全燕麥或大麥粉。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，其中該全燕麥粉或大麥起始混合物包括約90至約95wt%的全燕麥或大麥粉。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該擠壓係在麵糰溫度(dough temperature)為約212℉至約260℉發生。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該起始混合物係以水或蒸氣濕潤。
  8. 一種製備含有可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉之飲品的方法，其包括：將一全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物濕潤並加熱至140℉至約160℉，以形成一具有28至35wt%之含水量的均勻自由流動之濕潤混合物，其中該全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物包括有50至95wt%之全燕麥或大麥粉、糖及至少一抗氧化劑；將該濕潤的全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物添加至一擠壓機，其中該擠壓機料管溫度(barrel temperature)係約140℉至約250℉；以機械作用膠化及糊化該全燕麥或大麥粉，並在該擠壓機中加熱；將存在於該擠壓機中的混合物顆粒化，以形成該可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉；及添加該可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉至飲品。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該飲品選自由果汁、乳品飲品及碳酸軟飲品組成的群組。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該可溶性全燕麥或大麥粉被添加以提供具有基於該飲品總重1至25wt%之可溶性纖維的飲品。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該全燕麥或大麥粉起始混合物更包括麥芽糊精。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該全燕麥粉或大麥起始混合物進一步包括3至約15wt%的顆粒糖，0至約15wt%的麥芽糊精及介於0.1wt%至2wt%間的至少一抗氧化劑。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該擠壓係在麵糰溫度(dough temperature)為約212℉至約260℉發生。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第8項的方法，其中該全燕麥粉或大麥起始混合物包括約90至約95wt%的全燕麥或大麥粉。
  15. 一種依據申請專利範圍第8項的方法製備的飲品。
TW098134765A 2008-11-04 2009-10-14 可溶性燕麥或大麥粉以及利用連續性炊具之製備方法 TWI439232B (zh)

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