TWI434859B - 結合全氟彈性材料至表面的方法 - Google Patents

結合全氟彈性材料至表面的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI434859B
TWI434859B TW097102812A TW97102812A TWI434859B TW I434859 B TWI434859 B TW I434859B TW 097102812 A TW097102812 A TW 097102812A TW 97102812 A TW97102812 A TW 97102812A TW I434859 B TWI434859 B TW I434859B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
perfluoroelastomer
curing
solvent
solution
coating
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TW097102812A
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English (en)
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TW200846374A (en
Inventor
Ronald R Campbell
Christopher Corrado
Brian Alan Ux
Robert Anthony Rey
Gary Reichl
Carmin Quartapella
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Greene Tweed Of Delaware
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    • C08C19/22Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
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Description

結合全氟彈性材料至表面的方法
本發明所屬技術領域係關於結合全氟彈性材料至表面的方法,其中,結合的全氟彈性材料可形成,例如,熔接部分或塗層。
全氟彈性體已被用以形成眾多類型的O-環或密封物。此密封物一般係藉由先製造用於所欲密封物構形之密封物的完整模具及之後壓縮模塑包括全氟聚合物和固化劑之配合物以形成完全經固化的全氟彈性體密封物或其他零件的方式製得。但是,隨著越來越大的密封物或非一般的構形之日益增加的需求,模製完整的零件變得越來越昂貴且實際上比較不經濟。這是因為形成這樣的零件不僅須要模具,同時基礎建設也必須足以操作大或非一般大小的模具(包括與模塑操作有關的施壓和抽吸)之故。
一個針對此需求而發展的研究已經自長條物料製造密封物且將兩個長條物料端點疊接在一起而形成所須尺寸的密封物。並未證實使用全氟彈性體時,傳統的疊接技巧非常成功。以黏著劑疊接提供了密封物中的弱點,因為過去發展的黏著劑通常無法與全氟彈性體的化學品耐受性相配合,所以易受到攻擊。
已經揭示使用熱塑性全氟彈性體結合劑結合經固化的全氟彈性體至其本身之方法。但是,該方法使得全氟彈性體端點融合,形成居間的融合層,即,融合的全氟聚合物 層。此在全氟彈性體零件中提供非同質的區域,即,融合的全氟聚合物層。因此,融合的全氟聚合物會因為比較容易受到化學或物理攻擊,提高的壓縮固定性和減低的低溫適應性(相較於其餘的全氟彈性體密封材料而言)而形成”弱”點。因此,此技術中,對於結合和/或熔接全氟彈性體和自其形成之零件並且簡單又經濟並可提供同質並實質上保留最終的固體部件之強度之最終的零件之改良法有需求存在。
但是,由於全氟彈性體基本上以前述方式固化和形成及它們獨特的硫化性質(包括物理和溶解度性質),所以,除了與接合全氟彈性體表面相關的挑戰之外,注意到全氟彈性體未曾被採用於某些用途和應用(除非它們的化學品耐受性和彈性有利時,例如,於表面鈍化作用或其他塗佈用途)。
其實曾試圖將可固化的全氟聚合物溶解於氟化溶劑(如FlourinertFC-40、FC-75和FC-77)中以試著製備塗料,所得塗料基本上抵受不住流動或某些溶劑,此因塗料未經交聯之故。試圖摻入固化劑(如,有機過氧化物)和相關的輔助固化劑(如,異氰尿酸三烯丙酯(TAIC)),但因為此含烴的固化劑在溶解未固化的全氟聚合物所須之高度氟化溶劑中之欠佳的溶解度而未能成功。類似地,以雙苯基為基礎的固化劑(如,雙胺基酚(BOAP)基本上在此高度氟化溶劑(溶解可以BOAP固化的全氟聚合物(如,具有含有氰基的固化部位(curesite)單體者)所須者)中之溶解度亦欠佳。
缺乏將溶液中之高分子量可固化的全氟聚合物加以固化的能力將全氟聚合物塗料限制於可以接受未固化的材料”流動”之非嚴格應用上之使用。
已經試圖形成全氟聚合物塗料,但其用途和製成塗料之特別的全氟聚合物系統受到限制。美國專利案第6,523,650號提出一個全氟聚合物塗料用於靜電印刷組件上作為外在塗料之使用例示。該專利案描述將彈性DuPontKalrez全氟彈性體(衍生自3-苯氧基丙基乙烯醚和至少一含氟的乙烯系不飽和單體)溶解於溶劑中及以塗料形式施用。然而,此專利案未描述全氟彈性體在溶解之後是否處於已固化狀態和/或固化系統如何受到溶解作用之影響。
美國專利案第5,268,002號提出用於光罩應用的薄膜塗層,其中,低分子量全氟彈性體聚合物形成之塗層作為薄膜的抗反射塗層。這樣的薄膜具有聚合物核心層包括,如硝基纖維素。該全氟彈性體聚合物包括四氟乙烯(TFE)、全氟烷基乙烯醚(PAVE)和諸如全氟-(8-氰基-5-甲基-3,6-二氧雜-1-辛烯)(8-CNVE)的固化部位單體。此專利案使用該聚合物以形成具有這些組份的低分子量全氟彈性體,其方式是熱解前述彈性體並接著使低分子量聚合物溶解於氟化碳溶劑(如FluorinertFC-40、FluorinertFC-75或FluorinertFC-77)中。此熱解反應增進溶解度,以有助於所得材料以塗層形式使用。亦請參考美國專利案第5,256,747號。
此外,在用於易於形成表面塗層且具有標準全氟彈性 體塗料的優點(相對於低分子量塗料)之技術中,有需求存在:此塗料可提供,包括當維持所欲之塗佈性質以適用於方法設備和其類似物及其之製備時,得以使用標準固化系統和最終經固化的全氟彈性體配合物且無須複雜的方法步驟。此處所揭示的本發明針對此需求及對於前文所揭示之全氟彈性體之接合或疊接之方法之需求。
本發明的數個具體實例中所含括的是結合全氟彈性材料至第一表面之方法,其包括:(a)使第一表面與包含可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑之結合劑接觸;和(b)固化該結合劑以形成結合至第一表面的全氟彈性材料。該方法之實施中,結合劑可以是藉由將可固化的全氟彈性體和固化劑溶解於溶劑中而製得之溶液。在本發明的一個具體實例中,步驟(b)中形成的全氟彈性材料是塗層或者,另一選擇,第一表面是全氟彈性體構件的表面且所形成的全氟彈性材料是全氟彈性體熔接部分。
此方法的一個具體實例中,第一表面是全氟彈性體構件的一個表面,結合劑亦與第二表面接觸且步驟(b)進一步包括使結合劑固化而形成介於第一表面和第二表面之間的全氟彈性體熔接部分。在固化之後,全氟彈性體熔接部分包括基本上與全氟彈性體構件相同的全氟彈性體。
本發明的一個具體實例亦包括形成全氟彈性體塗層之方法,其包括:(a)可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑溶解於溶劑中以形成溶液,(b)此溶液施用於表面;和(c)使全氟聚合 物固化以在表面上形成經固化的全氟彈性體塗層。此外,包括施用在基材的至少一表面上之經固化的全氟彈性體塗層之經塗佈的底質基材亦屬本發明之範圍內。
本發明的另一具體實例中,揭示一種結合全氟彈性體構件至表面之方法。該方法包括(a)使全氟彈性體構件的第一表面與結合劑接觸,該結合劑包含:可固化的全氟聚合物,和固化劑;(b)放置結合劑使其亦與第二表面接觸;和(c)結合劑固化而在第一和第二表面之間形成全氟彈性體熔接部分,其中在固化之後,全氟彈性體熔接部分包含基本上與全氟彈性體構件相同的全氟彈性體。
另一具體實例中,揭示一種結合全氟彈性體密封物至填函蓋(gland)之方法,其包括:將包含可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑之結合劑置於在全氟彈性體密封物和填函蓋之間形成的間隙內;和固化此結合劑;其中在固化之後,全氟聚合物形成基本上與全氟彈性體密封物相同的全氟彈性體。
此處描述結合全氟彈性材料至第一表面和,視需要選用至第二表面,之方法。亦包括使用此方法製得之物件,如密封物和經塗佈的基材。此處所謂的全氟彈性材料可以是任何經固化的彈性材料,此經固化的彈性材料係藉由將全氟彈性體加以固化而衍生得到,如此處所定義者,全氟彈性體包括具有允許固化之交聯基團之可固化的全氟聚合物。全氟彈性體實質上經氟化,且以全氟聚合物的骨架上 的碳原子完全經氟化者為佳。將瞭解的是因為官能性交聯基團中的氫用於一些全氟彈性體調配物中,所以一些殘餘的氫可於交聯時存在於全氟彈性體中。通常,全氟彈性體,一旦固化之後被用來作為,例如,經交聯的聚合性成型物件,如密封物。
用以於固化之後形成全氟彈性材料的全氟聚合物本身係藉由將一或多種全氟化的單體加以聚合而形成,較佳地,其中之一種單體係具有允許固化的官能基之全氟化的固化部位單體。
此處所謂的全氟彈性體是一種聚合型組成物,其包括藉由使二或更多種全氟化的單體(包括至少一種全氟化的單體具有至少一允許固化的官能基,即,至少一固化部位單體)聚合而形成之可固化的全氟聚合物。這樣的全氟彈性體可包括至少一種含氟的乙烯系不飽和單體(如,四氟乙烯(TFE)、全氟化的烯烴(如,六氟丙烯(HFP)和全氟烷基乙烯醚(PAVE,其包括直鏈或支鏈烷基且其包括一或多個醚鏈結,如,全氟(甲基乙烯醚)、全氟(乙基乙烯醚)、全氟(丙基乙烯醚)和類似化合物))之眾多的全氟共聚物中之二或更多者。可資利用的PAVE的例示包括美國專利案第5,001,278號和WO 00/08076中所描述者,茲將其中所揭示之關於PAVE類型者納入參考。其他適當的PAVE述於,例如,美國專利案第5,696,189和4,983,697號,茲亦將其中所揭示之關於PAVE類型者納入參考。
較佳的全氟聚合物為符合工業可接受之定義的全氟彈 性體,其於ASTM D-1418-5中列為FEKM,及亦較佳地,TFE、PAVE和至少一全氟化的固化部位單體(其摻有官能基可以允許三聚物之交聯,其中之至少一者能夠藉此處所述的固化劑加以固化)之三聚物或四聚物。
用於本發明之較佳的全氟彈性體聚合物為可自市面以可固化的全氟聚合物形式取得者或已知由蘇聯的Daikin Industries,Inc.,Solvay Solexis,Dyneon,E.I.Du Pont de Nemours,Inc.,Federal State Unitary Enterprise S.V.Lebedev Institute of Synthetic Rubber in Russia 和日本的Nippon Mektron製造和/或銷售者。
一個具體實例中,本發明包括全氟彈性材料(其為全氟彈性體塗層),和該塗層之製法,及作為用以連接或疊接第一表面至第二表面之熔接部分的全氟彈性材料。
具體實例包括一部分係藉由以固化劑將全氟彈性體加以固化而形成者。較佳者是過氧化物可固化的系統及氰基可固化的系統。關於過氧化物可固化的系統,較佳的聚合物包括TFE、PAVE的三聚物,此如美國專利案第5,001,278號中所描述者(此處將相關的部分納入參考),和具有具過氧化物可固化的官能基(包括此技術中已知者或發展者,如,鹵化的烷基和其他衍生物及部分或完全鹵化的烴基)之全氟結構的固化部位單體。
關於氰基可固化的系統,最佳者是全氟聚合物如WO 00/08076中所描述者(茲將該案納入參考)或其他類似結構。WO 00/08076的四聚物中之單體包括四氟乙烯、全氟 甲基乙烯醚和兩個固化部位單體、二級氰基固化部位單體、CF2 =CFO(CF2 )3 OCF(CF3 )CN及一級氰基固化部位單體、CF2 =CFOCF2 CF(CF3 )O(CF2 )2 CN。較佳化合物是那些具有Mooney黏度(於100℃於TechProviscTECH TPD-1585黏度計測定)約45至約95者,且以具有Mooney黏度約45至約65者為佳。
用於以過氧化物為基礎的固化系統之主要固化劑可以是任何過氧化物固化劑和輔助固化劑,其為此技術中已知或發展者,如,有機和二烷基過氧化物。用於以氰基為基礎的聚合物,較佳的主要固化劑包括單脒和單醯胺肟,此如美國專利公開案第US-2004-0214956-A1號中所描述者,茲將該案的相關部分以引用方式納入本文中。此單脒和單醯胺肟在先前技術中被描述成潛在的固化促進劑或固化劑,在本發明中,它們以作為主要固化劑為佳。
此以脒為基礎和以單醯胺肟為基礎的材料包括下列式(I)所示的單脒和單醯胺肟,此進一步述於下文中。較佳的單脒和單醯胺肟可以式(I)表示: 其中Y可以是經取代的烷基、烷氧基、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷氧基或未經取代或經取代之完全或部分鹵化之具有約1 至約22個碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷氧基。Y亦可,且較佳地,為1至約22個碳原子的全氟烷基、全氟烷氧基、全氟芳基、全氟芳烷基或全氟芳烷氧基且更佳者為約1至約12個碳原子的全氟烷基或全氟烷氧基,1至9個碳原子者更佳;和R1 可以是氫或或1至約6個碳原子之經取代或未經取代的低碳烷基或烷氧基、氧(使得NHR1 是NOH基團)或胺基。R2 可以獨立地為列於前述用於R1 的任何基團或羥基。用於Y、R1 或R2 之經取代的基團包括,但不限於,鹵化烷基、全鹵化烷基、鹵化烷氧基、全鹵化烷氧基、硫基、胺、亞胺、醯胺、醯亞胺、鹵素、羧基、磺醯基、羥基和類似者。如果R1 和R2 二者為氧和羥基,使得化合物(可以使用二肟)上有兩個NOH基團,且在此情況中,式(I)可經進一步改質以提供其中的碳原子和Y基團一起形成居間的芳環且其中NOH基團彼此位於環的鄰-、對-或間-位之二肟式,如,對-苯醌二肟。
較佳的具體實例包括根據式(I)者,其中R2 是羥基、氫或經取代或未經取代之1至6個碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,羥基或氫更佳。亦較佳的具體實例中,R1 是氫、氧、胺基或1至6個碳原子之經取代或未經取代的低碳烷基且R2 是氫或羥基。最佳的具體實例中,R1 和R2 二者是氫。更佳的具體實例包括其中的Y是具有前述鏈長之全氟烷基、全氟烷氧基、經取代或未經取代的芳基及經取代或未經取代的鹵化芳基者,特別佳者為R1 和R2 二者是氫且Y是CF3 (CF2 )2 -(即,化合物是七氟丁脒)或類似的醯胺肟化 合物。
根據式(I)之以單脒為基礎和以單醯胺肟為基礎的固化劑之例示包括全氟烷基脒、芳基脒、全氟烷基醯胺肟、芳基醯胺肟和全氟烷基amidrazone。特定例示包括全氟辛脒(perfluorooctanamidine)、七氟丁脒、苯甲脒、三氟甲基苯醯胺肟和三氟甲氧基苯醯胺肟,最佳者是七氟丁脒。根據式(I)之固化劑可以單獨使用或併用,例如,較佳和/或前述例示化合物或與次要固化劑併用。
根據式(I)之固化劑以能夠使得全氟聚合物組成物固化為佳,特別是具有至少一種氰基固化部位單體者。
可以包括全氟彈性體調配物的其他固化劑可包括雙酚和它們的衍生物、四苯基錫、三、以過氧化物為基礎的固化系統(例如,諸如二烷基過氧化物的有機過氧化物,),或它們的組合。其他適當的固化劑包括有機金屬化合物和它們的氫氧化物,特別是有機錫化合物(包括烯丙基-、丙炔基-、三苯基-和丙二烯錫)、含有胺基的固化劑(如,二胺和二胺胺基甲酸酯,如,N,N’-二亞苯基丙烯基-1,6-己二胺、丙二胺、亞苯基丙烯基丙二胺、亞苯基丙烯基乙二胺和亞苯基丙烯基己二胺、己二胺胺基甲酸酯、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷胺基甲酸酯、1,3-二胺基丙烷一胺基甲酸酯、乙二胺胺基甲酸酯、三丙二胺胺基甲酸酯、雙胺基苯硫酚、雙醯胺肟和雙amidrazone。最佳地,使用過氧化物固化系統(包括任何須要的輔助劑)。
此固化系統不須要,但亦可選擇性地包括眾多次要固 化劑,如,以雙苯基為基礎的固化劑和它們的衍生物、四苯基錫、三、以過氧化物為基礎的固化系統(例如,諸如二烷基過氧化物的有機過氧化物)(如果未用來作為主要固化劑或者與過氧化物併用,或者這些系統併用)。其他適當的次要固化劑包括有機金屬化合物和其氫氧化物,特別是有機錫化合物,包括烯丙基-、丙炔基-、三苯基-和丙二烯錫)、含有胺基的固化劑(如,二胺和二胺胺基甲酸酯,如,N,N’-二亞苯基丙烯基-1,6-己二胺、丙二胺、亞苯基丙烯基丙二胺、亞苯基丙烯基乙二胺和亞苯基丙烯基己二胺、己二胺胺基甲酸酯、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷胺基甲酸酯、1,3-二胺基丙烷單胺基甲酸乙酯、乙二胺胺基甲酸酯、三丙二胺胺基甲酸酯和雙胺基苯硫酚。
其他選擇用於眾多全氟彈性體調配物的添加劑可包括添加填料,如,石墨、碳黑、黏土、二氧化矽、聚合型石墨、氟聚合性微粒(如,TFE均聚物和共聚物微粉末)、硫酸鋇、矽石、二氧化鈦、酸接收劑、固化促進劑、玻璃纖維、或聚芳醯胺纖維(如,Kevlar)、塑化劑或全氟聚合物技術中已知或發展的其他添加劑。但是,較佳地,用於半導體和其他對微粒敏感的應用中的塗覆組成物不使用此選用的填料或使用清潔用填料(矽石、硫酸鋇或氟聚合物微粒)
結合至第一和/或第二表面(特別是用以形成熔接型連接)的結合劑包括可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑。結合劑的組份可以個別溶解且於之後藉原處固化循環而合併。但是,先配合組份且於之後將配合物溶解於溶劑中亦屬本發 明之範圍內。使結合劑組份配合之方法可以根據此技術中任何的已知技巧或任何發展者,不須詳細解釋配合和處理方法的便能完全瞭解本發明。例如,慣用的配調合方法述於International Plastics Handbook,3rd Edition,Saechtling,p.54-55。但是,較佳地,主要個別組份每一者先溶解於溶劑中,之後合併。
溶解組份或調配物時,用以溶解可固化的全氟聚合物之較佳溶劑是至少能夠溶解可固化的全氟聚合物組份的氟溶劑,且更佳地,其亦能夠溶解固化劑。具有所欲特性的溶劑為此技術中已知者並包括FluorinertFC-87、FC-84、FC-75、FC-77和/或FC-43,可以商業方式得自3M,及任何類似的溶劑。但是,應瞭解以此氟化溶劑為佳的同時,能夠溶解已配合之可固化的全氟聚合物(和較佳地,能夠溶解固化劑和/或已配合的全氟彈性體調配物中的主要組份(即,除了添加劑之外,全氟聚合物和固化劑))之已知或發展的任何溶劑可以用於本發明之目的。
以固化之前之最終的溶液重量計,溶劑的用量以約70至約95重量%為佳,約90%至約95重量%更佳,約94%至約95重量%最佳。
以最終的溶液之總重計,可固化的全氟聚合物在最終的溶液中之存在量以約1%至約25重量%為佳,約1%至約10重量%較佳,約1%至約5重量%最佳。以固化之前,最終的溶液之總重計,固化劑的存在量以約0.01%至約5重量%為佳,約0.01%至約1.5重量%較佳,約0.25%至約1 重量%最佳。較佳地,在最終的溶液中,全氟聚合物與固化劑的重量百分比的比例為約30:1至約10:1,約20:1較佳。
製造最終的溶液時,結合劑可以先配合成經配合的結合劑並於之後以前述較佳百分比溶解於溶劑中。這樣的方法中,經配合的全氟聚合物可以先藉由,例如,刀壓模機,製成小片,但也可以使用適用於所欲用途之任何其他的模切機、刀、裁刀或類似的切割設備。較佳地,片狀物的大小範圍由約0.010英吋至約0.250英吋,平均為0.030英吋更佳。此片狀物可以選擇性地被研磨成尺寸較小的片狀物。較佳地,片狀物於之後加至溶劑(此如前述者)中,並於之後混合。片狀物在溶劑存在時混合,例如,在球磨機上混合,有助於全氟聚合物調配物溶於溶劑中。
更佳地,結合劑的主要組份中之每一者先溶於溶劑中。此方法中,合併可固化的全氟聚合物和溶劑而形成第一溶液(溶液A),以第一溶液總重計,其量約2至約50重量%,2至20重量%更佳,5至10重量%最佳。合併固化劑和溶劑以形成分離的溶液(溶液B),以第二溶液總重計,其量約0.02%至約10%,約0.02%至約3%更佳,約0.50%至約2%最佳。之後,兩種溶液以每一種溶液份數相等地合併,以得到最終的溶液中之所欲之可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑的百分比。若使用添加劑,根據此特別的方法,它們可以加至兩種初溶液或最終的溶液中之一者中。
在結合劑施用至全氟聚合物構件表面的一個具體實例 中,本具體實例的結合劑係使用與用以製造欲熔接之長條物料相同或實質上相同的全氟彈性體調配物製得。此具體實例中,結合劑可包括前述已配合的全氟彈性體調配物中之任何者,其中包括固化劑。
一個具體實例中,本發明包括結合全氟彈性體構件至第一表面的方法,其包含:使第一表面與包含可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑的結合劑接觸,及固化此結合劑以形成接合至第一表面之全氟彈性材料,使得形成的全氟彈性材料為塗層。這樣的具體實例中,結合劑可為可藉慣用的任何方式,例如噴塗、浸塗、刷塗、成層和類似者中之一或多者施用至基材表面上的溶液。參考圖2,經塗覆的基材,通常指為10,係藉由將最終的溶液施用至未經塗覆的基材12而形成。一旦施用結合劑溶液,其於原處固化而形成塗層14。一旦基材經塗覆,便施以熱循環。此熱循環將視用於固化劑之特定的全氟彈性體調配物而改變,但可以使得熱循環得以提供足量的熱達足量的時間以有效地固化此固化劑。或者,固化可以使用包括紫外、紅外或其他射線固化法及選擇性地使用壓力。本發明不應限於任何特定的固化或固化循環,較佳地,所用的熱為在約149℃(300℉)下約八分鐘。但是,固化溫度將視全氟彈性體調配物中所用的全氟聚合物和固化劑的類型而改變。此固化溫度範圍可由約138℃(280℉)至約177℃(350℉),以約149℃(300℉)至約177℃(350℉)為佳。發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解固化條件隨彈性體系統而改變,由於可以使用 眾多的全氟聚合物調配物,所以不欲以此溫度範圍限制本發明之範圍。
熱固化之後,可以視需要選用地但不一定須要地於約180℃(356℉)或其他適當的後固化溫度進行為時約7至8小時或其他適當的固化循環時間的後固化,此視欲得到的性質而定。之後,可以選擇性地施以額外的一小時冷卻時間。
雖然此具體實例已描述用於塗佈單一基材,此方法亦可用以作為黏著劑或結合層(於原處形成於兩個相對的表面(未示)之間,此如同在在層壓或其他的多層結構中之情況)地兩個基材結合在一起。其亦可用以結合在三維的非平面表面上。
此具體實例之應用不限於任何特別的基材表面類型,而是亦可用以在任何類型的固體表面上形成全氟彈性體塗層。這樣的全氟彈性體塗層可用以塗佈發泡材料、金屬、金屬合金、玻璃、彈性體、塑膠、複合物和類似者。由於此塗層的獨特彈性和惰性,它們的應用範圍種類廣泛,包括,半導體加工零件、門和設備;表面鈍化處理;手動或機械工具;醫藥應用和裝置;汽車和飛行器零件和表面、用於高腐蝕性的設備(如,油田和催化處理設備)和類似者。此外,形成之塗層為高度化學惰性和不可溶。
此塗層亦可用來對就慣用的模製密封零件而言部件過小的密封物應用發生作用,諸如「微晶片實驗室(lab-on-a-chip)」的應用,其中,非常薄的矽石或塑膠層必須以耐熱 和耐化學品的材料密封。此材料塗層亦可作為金屬表面上,如,飛機引擎零件中者,此處,其使用條件超過其他彈性體(例如,腈或標準氟彈性體(如Viton))的溫度範圍。
當壓力或溫度超過典型的彈性體密封物之能力時,目前使用包含金屬-金屬密封物。然而,這些密封物必須經高度拋光以作為密封物。其實質上增加了形成此密封物的成本。然而,使用拋光程度較低且較便宜的金屬表面,如此處所述之薄塗層施用於此基材上作為金屬零件之間的密封物。
這樣的溶液和經固化塗層亦可用以修補或黏合至昂貴的全氟彈性體模製零件(如,O-環、密封物、襯圈和類似物)表面。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一個結合全氟彈性體(“FEKM”)膜之方法(如圖6所示者),例如,自長條物料形成密封物(如,O-環或類似形狀的密封物)。此處所謂的”長條物料”是指任何預塑的物料,而不論可用以形成密封物的形狀或截面構形。
長條物料11,20(圖3a和3b)係使用任何習用的模製法(如,擠壓成形或壓縮成形)預塑。這樣的模製法為此技術中習知者且不須要它們的詳細解釋,也能完全瞭解本發明。在預塑法(其基本上是擠壓)中,一些熱施用在模具上,至少部分固化已配合的全氟彈性體調配物,將全氟聚合物轉變成至少經部分固化的全氟彈性體。剩餘的固化基本上發生於預塑法之後的期間內,如,擠壓模製或爐的後固化 烘烤。
參考圖3a和3b,先由經配合的全氟彈性體調配物形成此全氟彈性體預塑物或長條物料11、20(如圖3a和3b中所示者)。較佳地,全氟彈性體長條物料11、20是至少約25%至約95%經固化。配合全氟彈性體調配物之方法可以是根據此技術中任何已知的技巧或任何發展中者且不須詳細解釋配合和加工方法,也能夠完全瞭解本發明。例如,習用的配合方法描述於International Plastics Handbook,3rd Edition,Saechtling,p.54-55,茲將其內容納入本文中。
長條物料11具有第一端13a和較佳且通常為圓形的截面表面15。此截面形狀亦可為任何其他與所欲用途一致的形狀(如,橢圓形、正方形、矩形或類似者)。此長條物料11亦具有截面表面15一般為圓形的第二端13b。
此處所謂的”熔接”係廣義地含括兩個表面之任何連接,其藉由於其間使用結合劑(無論是液體或固體”穿插物(plug)”形式),其以物理方式使用,且較佳地,使用介於欲熔接的兩個相對的表面的每一者之間之可固化的化學交聯劑和/或結合劑及結合劑,但是,應瞭解此二個相對表面不須製自相同材料。長條物料11的第一端13a可以熔接至長條物料11的第二端13b以形成圓形環。或者,第一端13a可以熔接至具有端點22a、22b(如圖3a所示者)的第二長條物料20,第二長條物料20可製自與長條物料11相同的全氟彈性體調配物。用以連接全氟彈性體長條物料之眾多端點的熔接部分係藉由在長條物料的至少一端塗佈或施用結 合劑而形成。
結合劑,以形成固體”穿插物”之全氟彈性體調配物之經擠壓的預塑形式或經配合的全氟彈性體調配物之溶液形式施用。作為溶液,其施用於長條物料11表面。之後,結合劑與至少一欲熔接的表面接觸。其可以液體形式塗佈單一表面(如13a)或欲熔接在一起的相對表面二者(如13a、13b或22a、22b)的方式施用。作為固體”穿插物”,其可以僅僅穿插在欲熔接的兩個平面之間,其穿插方式使得穿插物於之後的固化和處理之後接觸表面。作為穿插物,預塑物係位於例如長條物料11表面的旁邊,較佳地與表面接觸。
操作上,當使用在溶液中之結合劑來將全氟彈性體長條物料的兩端熔接在一起(例如,形成0-環)時,端點之一的至少一表面(如13a)先經結合劑塗佈。此塗層可以先藉習用方式之任何者(如,噴塗、浸塗、刷塗、成層和類似者)施用。熔接相同長條物料的兩端時。長條物料11的第二端13b亦可以選擇性地經結合劑塗佈。經塗佈的長條物料的二端13於之後置於夾具30(如,如圖4中所示的疊接夾具)中以將一端13a固定在與長條物料11的第二端13b相鄰或接觸之處(此如圖4a中所示者)。夾具30可以製成因應長條物料11尺寸和排列及使得熱和壓力可以施用在長條物料11以使得它們維持在夾具30中之形狀。此熱和壓力通常藉放置和操作夾具的加壓器施用。夾具30可以選擇性地用以施用熱固化循環至結合劑。
夾具30包括底部32和頂部34。頂部34和底部32分別包括通道36a、36b以安置長條物料。樞紐38連接頂部34和底部32,以使得夾具得以開啟和關閉及排列通道36a、36b的頂和底部。
在將經塗佈的長條物料11置於夾具30中之後,關上夾具30並施以熱循環。此熱循環將視固化劑所用的特定全氟聚合物調配物而改變,但熱循環之配置方式可以提供足量的熱達足量的時間,以有效地固化此結合劑。經有效固化的結合劑提供至少部分固化的全氟彈性體(較佳地,固化率大於約75%)。此結合劑基本上固化約75%至約95%,或高至約99%。此具體實例中,熱循環包括於約300℉約8分鐘。但是,熱循環的固化溫度將視全氟彈性體調配物中所用的全氟聚合物的類型和固化劑而改變且關於所用溫度已於前文中詳述於關於塗佈的段落中。由於得以使用眾多的全氟彈性體調配物,所以,發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解固化條件隨著彈性體系統而改變且不欲以此溫度範圍限制本發明之範圍。
此熱循環有助於實質上(若非完全)完成結合劑中的全氟聚合物和固化劑之固化反應,其於之後得到與長條物料的全氟彈性體相同或實質上相同的全氟彈性體。熱循環之後,疊接的端點可於約180℃(356℉)或其他適當的後固化溫度進行為時約七至八小時或其他適當固化循環時間的後固化。之後可以選擇性地施以為時一小時的額外冷卻時間。較佳地,形成全氟彈性體疊接之結合劑如前述地固化 至約95%。除了熱固化循環之外,本發明之範圍中亦使用紅外、UV或其他射線固化技巧。
此熔接法可以施用在具有多端的眾多長條以形成尺寸、形狀和構造有變化的密封環。相較於完全由單步驟模製操作所形成的密封物,此處所得的密封物(其可具有極大尺寸)具有經固化、不易察覺且均勻的熔接部分。亦即,全氟彈性體熔接部分具有與全氟彈性體長條物料相同或實質上相同的化學組成。此有利地使得所得到的密封物具有完全相同的高耐受性化學組成。因此,沒有弱點或熔接部分不會因為比較脆弱而比長條物料整體密封材料容易受到化學和/或物理攻擊。
雖然本具體實例已描述用於結合相同長條物料的兩個表面或製自相同的全氟彈性體之長條物料的不同的兩片,本發明不限於僅結合這樣的材料。本發明亦可用以熔接製自不同的全氟彈性體(如前述全氟彈性體中之任何者)之長條物料之不同的兩片。此外,本發明可用以結合或熔接眾多其他類型之非長條形式(片形式、模製形式、層合形式和眾多的其他形狀)的全氟彈性體表面。
另一具體實例中,本發明提供使用前述任何具體實例描述之結合劑,澆入如圖5和7中所示之全氟彈性體密封物40之方法。如此處所用及圖5a中所示者,所謂的”澆入”是指填補密封物40和填函蓋44之間的間隙42或空間。此填函蓋44基本上製自對於化學品攻擊具有高度耐受性的材料,如,鋁和不銹鋼。此具體實例中,結合劑置於介 於密封物40和填函蓋44之間的間隙42內。在澆入結合劑之後,整個構造(即,密封物40、填函蓋44和澆入的結合劑)加熱至約149℃(300℉)約八分鐘。該熱固化了結合劑並因此在密封物40和填函蓋44之間形成全氟彈性體結合。此具體實例的一個優點在於全氟彈性體密封物40牢固地結合至填函蓋44,其有利地降低主要密封材料的微粒化或分解作用,其原因在於額外的全氟彈性體形成熔接部分且因為微粒可以移動至的密封物40和填函蓋之間的間隙被減到最少。此外,結合消弭了密封物和填函蓋之間的相對運動並因此而消弭了磨蝕,進一步有助於降低微粒化作用。
此具體實例之應用不限於將該密封劑澆在具有任何特別組成的填函蓋上,而是可以將全氟彈性體密封物澆在,例如,由金屬、金屬合金、塑膠、複合物和類似者所形成之眾多的填函蓋表面上。但是,金屬和金屬合金表面是此用途中最常遇到者。這樣的澆入用途可用於眾多的結合填函蓋應用中,包括,半導體的門、閘極和其他事先結合的表面密封應用,且特別有用在這樣的應用被用於諸如半導體製造條件的高腐蝕條件時。
實施例1
此實施例中,使用Chemraz模塑的次部件製得經固化但未經後固化的大的全氟彈性體密封物。一個部件形狀為矩形,其中矩形具有圓角。製備兩個其他的圓形部件。橫跨矩形的長側部分將此矩形部件切片。切割之後,形成 兩個半矩形端的片狀物。圓形部件經切片以形成長條,並縮短至適當長度以形成兩個具有所欲長度的筆直部件。使用結合劑和切片用的夾具,所得的兩個矩形端的片狀物接合至兩個筆直部件,以形成所得之具有圖8所示形狀的零件。
所用結合劑係藉由先配合具有下列成份(以重量份表示)的全氟彈性體調配物而製得:
配合之後,使用沖模切割機,經配合的調配物被切成小片,較長的一維的大小約0.25英吋。之後,此片狀物被加至具有FluorinertFC-77溶劑的罐中。添加溶劑以構成總溶液總重的94%。將此罐置於罐研磨機上並持續滾動約四十八小時,以形成結合劑。
該結合劑塗覆在第一長條物料構件的一端上並置於如圖4中所示的密封物夾具中,熔接成第二長條物料。此第二長條物料構件亦經塗佈和放置,使其端點壓在第一長條物料構件之經塗佈的端點上。之後關上此密封物夾具並加熱至約149℃(300℉)約八分鐘,以固化此結合劑。每個所欲的熔接部分中,此熔接法進行四次,以形成最終的零件 及製造出熔接部分,以形成大的成形密封物。如圖8所示之最終的零件的總矩形量度約2.1米長x0.17米寬且橫斷截面直徑(橫斷形狀一般為圓形)約0.6公分(於熔接部分形成的形狀非完美的圓形,但非常接近圓形)。之後,該零件於180℃(356℉)後固化7.25小時,繼以冷卻一小時。
實施例2
藉由形成第一溶液(溶液A)而製得全氟彈性體塗料。溶液A係藉由將100重量份可固化之氰基可固化的全氟聚合物(根據WO 00/08076製得,一種具有一級和二級氰基固化部位的全氟彈性體黏合劑)溶解於900重量份的FluorinertFC-43流體溶劑(得自3M)中而形成。第二溶液(溶液B)係藉由將5重量份用作固化劑的七氟丁基脒溶解於995重量份與用以形成溶液A之相同的溶劑中而形成。之後,溶液A和B以等重量份合併以形成最終的塗佈溶液。此最終的塗佈溶液施在金屬基材表面上並被施以100℃(212℉)的熱固化循環約四小時。所得之已固化的全氟彈性體塗層透明。亦於玻璃、塑膠和合成橡膠上製得類似的塗層。
4b‧‧‧圖4b所示的部分
10‧‧‧經塗覆的基材
11‧‧‧長條物料
12‧‧‧未經塗覆的基材
13a‧‧‧第一端
13b‧‧‧第二端
13‧‧‧端點
14‧‧‧塗層
15‧‧‧截面表面
20‧‧‧長條物料或預塑物
22a,22b‧‧‧端點
30‧‧‧夾具
32‧‧‧底部
34‧‧‧頂部
36a,36b‧‧‧通道
38‧‧‧樞紐
40‧‧‧全氟彈性體密封物或密封物
42‧‧‧間隙或空間
44‧‧‧填函蓋
50‧‧‧密封物
圖1係形成全氟彈性體塗層之方法具體實例的流程圖;圖2係根據本發明之具體實例製得之全氟彈性體塗層之截面的放大透視圖;圖3a和3b是習用的長條物料的透視圖; 圖4係本發明之疊接夾具的一個具體實例之透視圖;圖4a係圖3a中之長條物料的部分放大分解側面圖;圖4b係圖4a中的長條物料延著圖4中的線4b-4b取得的部分截面圖;圖5係填函蓋內的全氟彈性體密封物之平面圖;圖5a係圖5的全氟彈性體密封物之截面圖;圖6係結合全氟彈性體之方法的流程圖;圖7係結合全氟彈性體密封物至填函蓋之方法的流程圖;和圖8係根據發明之具體實例製得之大型全氟彈性體密封物。

Claims (14)

  1. 一種結合全氟彈性材料至第一表面之方法,其包含:(a)使第一表面與包含可固化的全氟聚合物和固化劑之結合劑接觸,其中結合劑係藉由將可固化的全氟彈性體和固化劑溶解於溶劑中而製得之溶液;和(b)固化此結合劑以形成結合至第一表面的全氟彈性材料,其特徵在於第一表面是全氟彈性體構件的表面且所形成的全氟彈性體是全氟彈性體熔接部分,且在於步驟(a)進一步包含使結合劑與第二表面接觸,且步驟(b)進一步包含使結合劑固化而形成介於第一表面和第二表面之間的全氟彈性體熔接部分,其中在固化之後,全氟彈性體熔接部分包含基本上與全氟彈性體構件相同的全氟彈性體。
  2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該溶劑係氟化溶劑。
  3. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(b)中形成的全氟彈性材料係塗層。
  4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中結合劑之製法包含:(i)形成可固化的全氟聚合物和第一溶劑之第一溶液;(ii)形成固化劑和第二溶劑的第二溶液;和(iii)合併第一溶液和第二溶液。
  5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中第一溶劑和第二溶劑相同。
  6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中固化步驟(b) 進一步包含加熱達足以有效地固化該全氟彈性材料的一段時間。
  7. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中固化步驟進一步包含加熱至約149℃(300℉)。
  8. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟(a)包含將結合劑噴灑在表面上。
  9. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中可固化的全氟聚合物具有至少一個包含氰基的固化部位(curesite)單體。
  10. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中固化劑選自由單脒、單醯胺肟、芳基二肟、全氟辛脒(perfluorooctanamidine)、七氟丁脒、雙酚或它們的衍生物、四苯基錫、三和以過氧化物為基礎的固化系統所組成之群組。
  11. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中進一步包含將全氟彈性體熔接部分後固化。
  12. 根據申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中全氟彈性體熔接部分約95%被固化。
  13. 根據申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中全氟彈性體構件和熔接部分形成零件且此方法進一步包含將該零件後固化。
  14. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中結合劑之製備步驟包含:配合全氟彈性體調配物形成配合物;和 將此配合物溶解於溶劑中而形成溶液,其中藉由以結合劑塗佈第一表面而使得結合劑與第一表面接觸。
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