TWI385240B - 液晶化合物及包括此化合物之液晶組合物 - Google Patents

液晶化合物及包括此化合物之液晶組合物 Download PDF

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TWI385240B
TWI385240B TW097145463A TW97145463A TWI385240B TW I385240 B TWI385240 B TW I385240B TW 097145463 A TW097145463 A TW 097145463A TW 97145463 A TW97145463 A TW 97145463A TW I385240 B TWI385240 B TW I385240B
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Peu Jane Huang
An Cheng Chen
Kung Lung Cheng
Shih Hsien Liu
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Ind Tech Res Inst
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Description

液晶化合物及包括此化合物之液晶組合物
本發明係有關於一種液晶化合物,特別是有關於一種含對二氮己環基(piperazine)之液晶化合物。
液晶具有介電與光學異方性,同時具備良好的分子配向與流動特性,當受到光、熱、電場或磁場等外界刺激時,分子的配列很容易發生變化,造成液晶材料明暗對比的改變或顯現出其它特殊的電氣光學效果,若作成顯示器,將擁有質量輕、容易攜帶、體積小不佔空間等優勢,且能量消耗較低。因此,近幾年來,液晶材料儼然成為各種可攜式電子及資訊產品中不可或缺的顯示媒體,不只廣泛應用於電子錶、計算機及汽車儀表板的顯示器,更被使用於例如TN(twisted nematic)及STN(super twisted nematic)超薄型液晶顯示器的顯示材料。其它如筆記型電腦、投影機光閘元件或影印機記憶元件等,都在在顯示了液晶材料在應用上的普遍與重要性。
於化學特性上,理想的液晶材料應具備寬廣的向列型液晶相範圍、低熔點、低熔解熱、物化安定性及無色。而於物理特性上,理想的液晶材料則應具備高介電異方性(dielectric anisotropy,△ε)及高雙折射率(birefringence,△n)。
本發明之一實施例,提供一種液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(I):
其中Y1、Y2與Y3獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰基或氰硫基;以及R為C1~12烷基或C1~12烷氧基。
本發明之一實施例,提供一種液晶組合物,包括:一第一液晶化合物,具有上述化學式(I);以及一第二液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(Z1)~(Z9): R2 -A1 -Z1 -A2 -R3 (Z6)、
其中R1 為C1~9烷基,B為鹵素或氰基,R2 、R3 與R4 獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)為氧原子或乙烯基所取代,至少一氫原子為氟原子所取代,R5 與R8 獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)為氧原子所取代,R6 、R7 與R9 獨立地為C1~10烷基,A1、A2、A3與A5獨立地為反式-1,4-環已基(trans-1,4-cyclohexylene)或1,4-亞苯基(1,4-phenylene),A4為1,4-亞苯基,其中至少一氫原子為氟原子所取代,Z1 為亞乙基(ethylene)或乙炔基,m與n為0~2,X3 為氫或氟,其中該第一液晶化合物與該第二液晶化合物之比例介於0.5:99.5~35:65,此比例為重量百分比。
本發明利用對液晶分子化學結構的修飾,以改善其化學特性及物理光電特性,以利應用於各種液晶顯示元件。本發明液晶化合物的特徵在於其分子結構中導入一對二氮己環基(piperazine),以提供電子對產生共振,增加偶極距 (dipole moment),並藉由結構中的極性官能基(Y1 、Y2 及Y3 )產生拉電子效應,而提高介電異方性(△ε),另一方面,由於增長分子主軸上的共軛結構可提高液晶分子雙折射率,遂本發明於液晶化合物的分子主軸上導入例如苯環及叁鍵的共軛結構,以提高其雙折射率(△n)。此外,本發明液晶化合物末端極性官能基(Y1 、Y2 及Y3 )為無色的鹵素、氰基或氰硫基,使導入該等官能基時不至干擾顯示器效果。另本發明大偶極距、低黏度的高介電異方性液晶化合物應用於例如扭轉向列型(TN)、膽固醇型(ChLC)或高分子聚合型(PDLC)的液晶配方時,亦可降低驅動電壓。綜上所述,本發明液晶化合物除可達到高介電異方性及高雙折射率外,亦具有無色、高光熱穩定性及高相容性的優點。
為讓本發明之上述目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉一較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
本發明之一實施例,提供一種液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(I):
化學式(I)中,Y1、Y2與Y3可獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰 基或氰硫基。R可為C1~12烷基、C1~12烷氧基或C3~6烷基。
值得注意的是,上述液晶化合物為無色。
以下列舉本發明液晶化合物的特定實例:
本發明液晶化合物的介電異方性(△ε)介於18~35,雙折射率(△n)介於0.25~0.40,其可廣泛應用於反射式膽固醇型液晶顯示器、高分子分散型液晶顯示器、TN、STN、TFT或IPS液晶顯示器。
本發明利用對液晶分子化學結構的修飾,以改善其化學特性及物理光電特性,以利應用於各種液晶顯示元件。本發明液晶化合物的特徵在於其分子結構中導入一對二氮己環基(piperazine),以提供電子對產生共振,增加偶極距(dipole moment),並藉由結構中的極性官能基(Y1 、Y2 及Y3 )產生拉電子效應,而提高介電異方性(△ε),另一方面,由於增長分子主軸上的共軛結構可提高液晶分子雙折射 率,遂本發明於液晶化合物的分子主軸上導入例如苯環及叁鍵的共軛結構,以提高其雙折射率(△n)。此外,本發明液晶化合物末端極性官能基(Y1 、Y2 及Y3 )為無色的鹵素、氰基或氰硫基,使導入該等官能基時不至干擾顯示器效果。另本發明大偶極距、低黏度的高介電異方性液晶化合物應用於例如扭轉向列型(TN)、膽固醇型(ChLC)或高分子聚合型(PDLC)的液晶配方時,亦可降低驅動電壓。綜上所述,本發明液晶化合物除可達到高介電異方性及高雙折射率外,亦具有無色、高光熱穩定性及高相容性的優點。
本發明之一實施例,提供一種液晶組合物,包括一第一液晶化合物,具有上述化學式(I),以及一第二液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(Z1)~(Z9): R 2 -A1-Z 1 -A2-R 3 (Z6)、
化學式(Z1)~(Z9)中,R1 可為C1~9烷基。B可為鹵素或氰基。R2 、R3 與R4 可獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)可為氧原子或乙烯基所取代,至少一氫原子可為氟原子所取代。R5 與R8 可獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)可為氧原子所取代。R6 、R7 與R9 可獨立地為C1~10烷基。A1、A2、A3與A5可獨立地為反式-1,4-環已基(trans-1,4-cyclohexylene)或1,4-亞苯基(1,4-phenylene)。A4可為1,4-亞苯基,其中至少一氫原子可為氟原子所取代。Z1 可為亞乙基(ethylene)或乙炔基。m與n可為0~2。X3 可為氫或氟。
上述第一液晶化合物與第二液晶化合物的比例介於0.5:99.5~35:65或5:95~10:90,此比例為重量百分比。
【實施例】 【實施例1】 化學式I-1合成及其介電異方性(△ε)與雙折射率(△n)
合成步驟:
(1)首先,於氮氣環境下,將1克(6.2mmol)的化合物A、0.9克(6mmol)的溴化戊烷與1.38克(10mmol)的碳酸鉀置於反應瓶中,並加入20毫升的DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide),加熱至100~110℃,迴流16小時。待冷卻後,以飽和食鹽水與乙酸乙酯萃取多次至DMSO完全移除。待以硫酸鎂乾燥並濃縮抽乾後,以管柱層析法純化粗產物,以獲得淡黃色液體產物M1,產率90%。
(2)首先,於氮氣環境下,將1克(4.2mmol)的化合物M1與1.38克(10mmol)的n-Bromosuccinimide(NBS)置於反應瓶中,並加入10毫升的二氯甲烷,於室溫下反應16小時。之後,以飽和食鹽水與乙酸乙酯萃取多次。待以硫酸鎂乾 燥並濃縮抽乾後,以管柱層析法純化粗產物,以獲得淡黃色液體產物M2,產率90%。
(3)首先,於氮氣環境下,將1克(10.2mmol)的乙炔基三甲基矽烷(ethynyltrimethylsilane)置於反應瓶中,並加入10毫升的THF,以杜瓦盆、液態氮及丙酮降溫至-78℃。之後,加入12毫升的n-BuLi反應20分鐘。接著,將2.4克(18.3mmol)溶在THF的氯化鋅加入反應瓶中,於維持低溫狀態下持續反應20分鐘。待回到0℃後,將2.1克(10.2mmol)的化合物M2與0.3克(0.3mmol)的Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium分別溶於THF加入反應瓶中,於60℃迴流反應12小時。以NH4 Cl中止反應。之後,以飽和食鹽水與乙酸乙酯萃取多次。待以硫酸鎂乾燥並濃縮抽乾後,以管柱層析法純化粗產物,以獲得淡黃色固體產物M3,產率70%。
(4)首先,於氮氣環境下,將1克(3mmol)的化合物M3置於反應瓶中,並加入10毫升的甲醇/二氯甲烷(1/1)與0.4克(4.5mmol)的碳酸鉀,於室溫下反應12小時。之後,加入20毫升的二氯甲烷萃取多次。待以硫酸鎂乾燥並濃縮抽乾後,以管柱層析法純化粗產物,以獲得淡黃色固體產物M4,產率75%。
(5)首先,於氮氣環境下,將1克(3.9mmol)的化合物M4置於反應瓶中,並加入5毫升的THF,以杜瓦盆、液態氮及丙酮降溫至-78℃。之後,加入1.7毫升的n-BuLi反應20分鐘。接著,將0.9克(7mmol)溶在THF的氯化鋅加入反應瓶中,於維持低溫狀態下持續反應20分鐘。待回到0℃後,將0.8克(3.9mmol)的4-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile與0.2克(0.2mmol)的Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium分別溶於THF加入反應瓶中,於60℃迴流反應12小時。以NH4 Cl中止反應。之後,以飽和食鹽水與乙酸乙酯萃取多次。待以硫酸鎂乾燥並濃縮抽乾後,以管柱層析法純化粗產物,以獲得白色固體產物I-1,產率65%。化 合物I-1的介電異方性(△ε)為31.8,雙折射率(△n)為0.3763。本發明化合物I-2與I-3的製備方法與化合物I-1類似,僅於步驟(5)的反應物略有不同,本領域具有通常知識者均可依實施例1順利合成化合物I-2與I-3。化合物I-2的介電異方性(△ε)為26.9,雙折射率(△n)為0.3206。化合物I-3的介電異方性(△ε)為18.8,雙折射率(△n)為0.2685。表一為本發明化合物I-1~I-3與習知類似結構液晶分子其介電異方性(△ε)與雙折射率(△n)的比較。
表一可看出,由於本發明化合物I-1~I-3較習知液晶分子於結構中的相對位置多導入了一具有未共用電子對可產生共振效果的對二氮己環基(piperazine)基團,增加了整體結構的偶極距,遂化合物I-1~I-3明顯具有較高的介電異方 性(△ε),此外,由於本發明於結構中另導入一叁鍵,相對增長了分子主軸上的共軛結構,如此,使化合物I-1~I-3的雙折射率(△n)亦明顯高於習知液晶分子。
【實施例2】 本發明液晶組合物(1)製備及其介電異方性(△ε)與雙折射率(△n)
將化合物I-1與編號YY066-042的液晶混合物以5:95的比例混合製作一液晶組合物。YY066-042液晶混合物包括8%的5HBBCN、24.1%的5HBCN、7.7%的5HBCOOBFCN、13.5%的5HBF、7%的2HCOOBFCN、6.5%的3HHCOOBF、3.5%的5HHCOOBF、1.7%的2BBCN、4.9%的3HCOOBBCN、15.4%的5BCOOBFCN與7.7%的3HBCOOBFCN,上述百分比為重量百分比,其介電異方性(△ε)為17.3,雙折射率(△n)為0.1355,元件驅動電壓為1.043V。於添加化合物I-1後,此液晶組合物的介電異方性(△ε)提高為18.1,雙折射率(△n)提高為0.1475,而元件驅動電壓下降為1.023V。上述編號YY066-042的液晶混合物中,各組成物皆以不同代號組合表示之,各代號所對應的化學式如下:代號2為C2 H5 -,代號3為C3 H7 -,代號5 為C5 H11 -,代號H為,代號B為,代號CN為-CN,代號COO為-COO-,代號F為-F。
【實施例3】 本發明液晶組合物(2)製備及其介電異方性(△ε)與雙折射率(△n)
將化合物I-2與編號DH0381-110的液晶混合物以5:95的比例混合製作一液晶組合物。DH0381-110液晶混合物包括10.3%的5HBBCN、7.2%的3HBO2、12.6%的2BBCN、31.9%的5BBCN、10%的3HEBBCN、21.8%的7BBCN與6.2%的5BEBBCN,上述百分比為重量百分比,其介電異方性(△ε)為13.49,雙折射率(△n)為0.0987,元件驅動電壓為1.862。於添加化合物I-2後,此液晶組合物的介電異方性(△ε)提高為14.27,雙折射率(△n)提高為0.1112,而元件驅動電壓下降為1.434V。上述編號DH0381-110的液晶混合物中,各組成物皆以不同代號組合表示之,各代號所對應的化學式如下:代號2為C2 H5 -,代號3為C3 H7 -,代號5為C5 H11 -,代號7為C7 H15 -,代 號H為,代號B為,代號CN為-CN,代號F為-F,代號O為-O-,代號E為-COO-。
【實施例4】 本發明液晶組合物(3)製備及其介電異方性(△ε)與雙折射率(△n)
將化合物I-3與編號LOT3的液晶混合物以10:90的比例混合製作一液晶組合物。LOT3液晶混合物包括2.5%的5HBF、2.5%的6HBF、2.5%的7HBF、9.6%的3HHB(F)F、2.5%的3HBEB(FF)F、2%的4HBEB(FF)F、6.2%的3HHEB(FF)F、4.9%的3HHB(FF)F、9.6%的3HBB(FF)F、9.7%的5HBB(FF)F、5.2%的4HHB(FF)F、4.5%的5HHB(FF)F、9.9%的3HHV、4.7%的3HBB(F)F、9.8%的 3HH2B(F)F、9.1%的1BHHV與4.8%的2BB(F)B3,上述百分比為重量百分比,其介電異方性(△ε)為7.38,雙折射率(△n)為0.0987,元件驅動電壓為1.862。於添加化合物I-3後,此液晶組合物的介電異方性(△ε)提高為8.545,雙折射率(△n)提高為0.1158,而元件驅動電壓下降為1.802V。上述編號LOT3的液晶混合物中,各組成物皆以不同代號組合表示之,各代號所對應的化學式如下:代號1為CH3 -,代號3為C3 H7 -,代號4為C4 H9 -,代號5為C5 H11 -,代號6為C6 H13 -,代號7為C7 H15 -,代號H為,代號 B為,B(F)為,B(FF)為,代號F為-F,代號E為-COO-,代號V為CH2 =CH-。

Claims (13)

  1. 一種液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(I): 其中Y1、Y2與Y3獨立地為氫、鹵素、氰基或氰硫基;以及R為C1~12烷基或C1~12烷氧基。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中R為C3~6烷基。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中Y1為氟、Y2為氰基、Y3為氟。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之液晶化合物,其中R為C3~6烷基。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中Y1為氫、Y2為氰基、Y3為氟。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之液晶化合物,其中R為C3~6烷基。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中Y1為氫、Y2為氰基、Y3為氫。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之液晶化合物,其中R 為C3~6烷基。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中Y1為氟、Y2為氟、Y3為氟。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之液晶化合物,其中R為C3~6烷基。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之液晶化合物,其中該液晶化合物為無色。
  12. 一種液晶組合物,包括:一第一液晶化合物,具有如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學式(I);以及一第二液晶化合物,具有下列化學式(Z1)~(Z9): R 2 -A1-Z 1 -A2-R 3 (Z6)、 其中R1 為C1~9烷基,B為鹵素或氰基,R2 、R3 與R4 獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)為氧原子或乙烯基所取代,至少一氫原子為氟原子所取代,R5 與R8 獨立地為C1~10烷基,其中一亞甲基(methylene)為氧原子所取代,R6 、R7 與R9 獨立地為C1~10烷基,A1、A2、A3與A5獨立地為反式-1,4-環已基(trans-1,4-cyclohexylene)或1,4-亞苯基(1,4-phenylene),A4為1,4-亞苯基,其中至少一氫原子為氟原子所取代,Z1 為亞乙基(ethylene)或乙炔基,m與n為0~2,X3 為氫或氟,其中該第一液晶化合物與該第二液晶化合物之比例介於0.5:99.5~35:65。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之液晶組合物,其中該第一液晶化合物與該第二液晶化合物之比例介於5:95~10:90。
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