TWI336318B - Cement admixture, cement composition, mortar and concrete - Google Patents

Description

丨1336318 (1) " EMBODIMENT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a cement admixture, a cement composition' and mortar and concrete using the cement composition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cement admixture comprising silica fume and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, and a cement composition, wherein The cement admixture is added to the cement. In addition, φ, the present invention relates to mortar and concrete for enhancing bending strength by using the cement composition. [Prior Art] The problem of mortar or concrete is that its bending strength is substantially lower than its compressive strength, and even when the compressive strength is increased When the bending strength is not increased by the same amount. Therefore, pavements designed based on bending strength, girders, girders' and many types of concrete secondary products are prone to over-provisioning of uneconomical blending. In addition, in order to increase the bending strength, the cross section of the element is thickened or prestressed via a PC steel bar. Among the Hume fittings and the like, intumescent materials are incorporated into the concrete to introduce chemical stress or chemical pre-stress, thereby increasing their external pressure strength. On the other hand, ash has a high condensing activity and is used as a strength enhancer. In addition, the combination of ash and a significant amount of high performance water reducer can increase mortar fluidity, concrete twist or turbulence, and facilitate the manufacture of mortar or concrete having a low water/bond ratio. Therefore, it is often used in the form of admixture -A - (2) 1336318 in high-flow high-strength mortar or concrete. Fly ash is a spherical granular coal ash containing hollow particles having a size of 100 μm or less, which is obtained as a by-product from a pulverized coal combustion thermal power plant. Fly ash can react for a long time to enhance water tightness, but it has low solidification activity, making it often used as fly ash cement. As shown in Patent Document 1, the fly ash is sieved to a size of 20 μm or less or 10 μm or less to remove large hollow particles to provide good spherical hollow particles. By Φ in its ball bearing function, when it is mixed with a high performance water reducing agent or especially a high performance AE water reducing agent, the mortar fluidity concrete turbidity or turbulence will increase to exhibit strong viscosity. Further, it is known that even if the fluidity or the twist is the same, the increased strength of the water reduction exceeds the case where the mortar or concrete of the sieved fly ash is not blended. Further, for example, as shown in Patent Document 2, gypsum is often used in the form of a high-strength blend, whether or not steam curing is carried out, and it is also known that a combination of gypsum and ash can provide higher strength and durability. .

Furthermore, as shown in Patent Document 3, there is an addition to the conventional method.

Metal fibers are added as a means of improving bending strength or toughness. It is also known that the toughness improvement using metal fibers can be achieved by adding ash and needle or flat particles to the cement and limiting the maximum aggregate size to a smaller enthalpy. Patent Document 1: JP 63 — 8248A

Patent Document 2: JP 3 - 40947A

Patent Document 3: JP 11-246255A However, a general technique in which only ash is blended can increase the compressive strength of concrete, but it has a problem that the concrete becomes brittle and its bend is -5- (3) 1336318 The ratio of strength to compression strength is lower than that without blending ash. Further, as shown in Patent Document 1, since fly ash sized to a size of 20 μm or less or 10 μm or less originally has low condensing hard activity, its strength is increased by water reduction. However, even if steam curing is carried out, the strength increase is hardly increased in the short term relative to the case where the sieved fly ash is not blended at the same low water/adhesive material ratio. Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, the use of gypsum alone or in combination with φ ash ash is easy to exhibit high strength, and the bending strength can also be increased for an increase in compressive strength. However, there are still problems, that is, the proportion is not better than that of conventional concrete. As shown in Patent Document 3, the maximum aggregate size is 5 mm or less compared to the fine aggregate or mortar or concrete used in concrete mixing plants or concrete product factories. Limiting to 2 mm or less, or 1 mm or less, has become an indispensable element. Therefore, this method has a problem that it cannot be widely adopted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems in the aforementioned conventional techniques, and an object of the present invention is to provide absolute strength and bending strength versus compressive strength of compressive strength and bending strength. Proportion 値 has increased mortar or concrete. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cement admixture to achieve the above-described mortar or concrete, and a cement composition using the cement admixture. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a cement hardened product obtained from the above mortar or concrete -6-(4) 1336318. [Means for Solving the Problem] It has been found that by using so-called ash as far as known, fly ash sized to a size of 20 μm or less, and gypsum, are not separate but combined users, with respect to each In the case of use alone, the ratio of bending strength and bending strength to compressive strength can be synergistically increased. In addition, the fact φ found is that since the bending strength of the matrix mortar or the concrete itself can be increased, even if a conventionally available fine aggregate for mortar or concrete is used, the use of the metal fiber can greatly increase the bending strength. This results in the completion of the present invention. In particular, the present invention relates to the following cement admixtures, cement compositions, mortars, concretes, cement hardened products. (1) A cement admixture comprising ash and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, wherein the proportion by weight of the ash to the sieved fly ash is from 95:5 to 10 : 90. (2) The cement admixture according to the above item (1), which further comprises gypsum. (3) a cement composition comprising the cement admixture according to the above item (1) in an amount of from 1 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement (4) according to item (3) above The cement composition' further comprises gypsum in an amount of from 5 to 12 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cement composition when calculated on an anhydrous basis. (5) 1336318 (5) A mortar comprising the cement composition of item (3) or (4) above the root altar, fine aggregate, water reducer and kneaded water. (6) The mortar according to the above item (5), which has a metal fiber added thereto, the metal fiber being externally added in an amount of from 1. to 6.0% by volume per cubic meter of the mortar. (7) A concrete comprising the cement composition of the above item (3) or (4), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water reducer and kneaded water. (8) The concrete according to the above item (7), which has a metal fiber added thereto, the metal fiber being externally added in an amount of from 1.0 to 4.0% by volume per cubic meter of the concrete. (9) A cement hardened product obtained by hardening the mortar of the above item (5) or (6). (10) A cement hardened product obtained by hardening the concrete of the above item (7) or (8). % [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, the fluidity of the kneaded mortar or concrete is improved to obtain good workability. Further, the obtained mortar and concrete have high compressive strength and bending strength, and a high ratio of bending strength to compressive strength can be obtained. In addition, the strengthening effect of the intrusion of the metal fibers can greatly increase the bending strength. This can result in an economical and advantageous design in the manufacture of civil engineering and building structures and concrete secondary products. (Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention) -8- (6) 1336318 The present invention will be described in detail below. The parts and percentages used in the present invention to indicate the ratio or amount of the formulation are by weight. However, in the case of metal fibers, they are expressed in units of mortar or concrete in volume % per cubic meter. The ash used in the present invention is obtained as a by-product in the production of a niobium alloy and a zirconia such as a metal ruthenium or a ferrite in an electric furnace, and is composed of fine spherical particles having a size of 1 μm or less. The main component is amorphous cerium oxide with high reactivity of Φ. Although the compressive strength increases as the amount of ash added increases, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength decreases with respect to the absence of ash. As described above, ash is not only used as a strength increasing agent. When it is used in an amount of about 1% by weight based on cement and is used in combination with a considerable amount of high-performance water reducing agent, the fluidity will increase dramatically. However, its flow characteristics vary depending on the type of high performance water reducer, and the soot is associated with a so-called slightly high performance water reducer such as polyalkylallyl sulfonate or melamine-formalin resin. When the sulfonate-based water reducing agent is used, it exhibits a high viscous fluidity associated with a low flow enthalpy of the paste. On the other hand, when the ash is used with a so-called high-performance AE water-reducing agent based on polycarboxylate which entrains air, the fluidity increases in a viscous plastic state rather than a slightly viscous state. In the shovel flip, the former produces a heavy feeling while the latter is light. Therefore, the combination of high performance AE water reducer and ash ash is only used in some cases for ease of pumping. As mentioned above, fly ash is a coal ash obtained as a by-product in a pulverized coal-fired thermal power plant, and is associated with combustion gases from the boiler gas pipeline -9- (7) (7)

1336318 Discarded spherical granulated residue, recovered by dust collector. The fly ash is blended with cement and used in the form of fly ash cement. In the Ming Dynasty, the indispensable element is the use of fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns, while the unscreened ones cannot provide the commercially available screened fly ash products of the present invention. There are two types, namely One is to a size of 20 microns or less and once sieved to 1 〇 micron or size. In the cement admixture of the present invention, the weight ratio of the ash to the fly ash sized to a size of 20 愣 is from 95:5 to 10:90, from 90:10 to 15:85, and more The best from 80: 20 to 70: When the proportion of sieved fly ash is less than 5%, increase the effect of bending strength. Conversely, when the proportion of the sieved fly ash exceeds 90%, the effect of increasing the bend is small. Although the compressive strength decreases with the blending ratio of the sieve fly ash, the effect of increasing the bending strength is 60:40. On the other hand, the mortar fluidity, twist or turbulent flow (the latter flow) will also increase with the proportion of the sieved fly ash, and the ratio of ash/screened fly ash is 50. : There is a peak in the vicinity of 50. The moderate viscosity due to the screening of fly ash inhibits the separation of the aggregate and allows it to flow easily even when metal fibers are added. The addition amount of the blend of the present invention is preferably 1 Up to 35 parts, more preferably 30 parts, and particularly preferably 3 to 25 parts per 100 parts of cement. Even if the added amount is more than 35 parts, the increase in bending strength is only the peak, so it is economical. On the unfavorable. • Usually > this hair is smaller i point. I shop is divided into small rice or better 30 ° ^ smaller 3 intensity increase ί has a name called "r plus, by ί in i 2 [This blending reaches -10 (8) 1336318 In the present invention, various types of gypsum such as gypsum dihydrate, hemihydrate gypsum, soluble anhydrite (type 1) and insoluble anhydrite (dijon) are used. Type). Among them, the preferred ones are anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum. In the "stained ash and sieved to 20 micro When the cement is added to the cement, the compressive strength is reduced as the blending ratio of the fly ash sieved to a size of 20 microns or less is reduced. However, the effect of increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum is greater than that. Since the term is lowered, the absolute enthalpy of both the compressive strength and the bending φ strength can be simultaneously increased. The amount of gypsum added is preferably from 0.5 to 12 parts, more preferably from 0.8 to 10 parts, and particularly preferably from 1 to 8 on a dry basis. For every 100 parts of cement, even if the amount of gypsum added exceeds 12 parts, the effect of further increasing the strength cannot be obtained. In the present invention, a required amount of a high performance water reducing agent or a high-quality g AE water reducing agent is also used. The high performance water reducing agent mainly comprises any one of polyalkyl allyl sulfonate, aromatic amine sulfonate and melamine-formalin resin sulfonate. These may be used alone or in two or more thereof. The combination of the use of the high-performance water-reducing agent based on polyalkylallyl sulfonate includes methyl naphtho-fumarine condensate 'cai extended acid-formalin condensate and onion acid-foma Forest condensates, and their commercial products Typical examples include "FT-500" (trade name) and a series of products made by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Κ·K., "Mighty-100" (trade name, powder), and "Mighty-150" A series of products manufactured by Kao Corporation; manufactured by Daiich Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. "Sel flow 110P" (trade name, powder); manufactured by Takemoto Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. "Polfine 510N" (trade name); and by Nippon Paper Industries -11 - (9) 1336318

Co., Ltd.'s "Sunflow PS" (trade name) and its series of products. The high performance water reducing agent based on aromatic amine sulfonate includes Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., manufactured by "Paric FP200H" (trade name) and its series of products; and high-performance water reducer based on melamine-formaldehyde resin sulfonate includes "FT-3S" (trade name) manufactured by Grace Chemicals KK. High-performance AE water reducer is usually It is called a polycarboxylate-based water-reducing agent, and a copolymer or salt thereof containing an unsaturated residual acid monomer as a component. Examples thereof include poly(alkylene glycol) monoacrylate, poly(stretch) Alkyl diol) monomethacrylate, copolymer of maleic anhydride and styrene, copolymer of acrylate or methacrylate, and copolymerization derived from monomers copolymerizable with such monomers Commercially available is the "Rheobuild SP8N" (trade name) series manufactured by NMB Co., Ltd., "paric FP 1 00S and 300S" (trade name) manufactured by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ) Series: Takemoto oil &am p; Chupol HP8 and 11 (trade name) series manufactured by Fat Co', Ltd.; "Dar ex Super 100, 200, 300, and 1000" (trade name) series manufactured by Grace chemicals KK; and the like . The cement used in the present invention may be any of various Portland cements and various blended cements or ecoecements. It is also possible to use cement obtained by mixing any amount of them. In the manufacture of sand prizes and concrete of the present invention, there is no particular limitation. It is possible to use fine aggregates and coarse aggregates which are widely used. In addition, they can be chosen arbitrarily because 'the ratio of water/adhesive material and the ratio of fine aggregate is -12-

I (10) 1336318He, the bending strength of mortar or concrete will increase the ratio of compressive strength and their bending strength. Further, in the present invention, metal fibers can be used. For metal fibers, it is equally possible to use metal fibers which are generally commercially available for mortar or concrete, and not any special one. The metal fiber is externally added in an amount of 1.0 to 6.0% by volume per cubic meter of mortar or concrete. However, from the viewpoint of increasing the bending strength and the operability, the maximum addition amount and the preferred range are different between the mortar condition and the concrete condition. Further, the maximum addition amount and preferred range are also varied depending on a molding method of concrete such as vibration molding or centrifugal molding.

In the case of vibration molding, less than 2% by volume for the mortar causes a small increase in the bending strength. However, when the amount of the metal fibers added is 2 vol% or more, the bending strength also increases as the amount of the added metal fibers increases, and the peak enthalpy is reached at 5.5% by volume or more. More than 6.0% by volume can cause flow difficulties and cause molding failure. Therefore, the external addition amount of the metal fiber is from 1 to 0.001% by volume, preferably from 2.5 to 5.0% by volume. For concrete, it exhibits utility at 5% by volume, and more than 4% by volume results in poor operability. Therefore, the external addition amount of the metal fiber is from 1.0 to 4.0% by volume, preferably from 1.5 to 3.5% by volume. In the centrifugally molded article, for both the mortar and the concrete, the amount of addition of the metal fiber at 1.0% by volume starts to increase the bending tensile strength. In the case of mortar, from the viewpoint of workability, it is preferably 5.0% by volume. For concrete, it is preferably 0.001% by volume. In order to increase the strength of the Hume pipe against external pressure, it is economically preferable to concentrate the steel fiber -13-(11) 1336318 on the inside of the pipe to reinforce the pipe thickness by about two-thirds or less. There is no particular limitation on the method of adding the blend of the present invention. A mixture of ash and fly ash sieved to a size of 20 microns or less, or a mixture of further mixed gypsum, may be added during kneading of mortar or concrete. Alternatively, the ingredients can be prepared separately and added to the mixer along with other sand or concrete materials. There is also no particular limitation on the kneading method' and a conventional kneading method can be used. Further, there is no particular limitation on the method of adding the metal fiber φ. However, it is preferred to knead the mortar or concrete under continuous stirring using a mixer while adding metal fibers thereto, since the fiber balls are less likely to be formed. In addition, there is no particular restriction on the method used to cure the mortar or concrete. Standard curing, steam curing and autoclave curing can be used. [Embodiment] [Embodiment]

The materials and methods used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are collectively shown below. <Materials used> Cement: Ordinary Putlan cement manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK 'Density: 3.16 g/cm 3 Fine aggregate: River sand (5 mm or less) from Hime River, Niigata )) Density: 2.62 g/cm3 Thick aggregate: Crushed stone from Hime River, Niigata, 5 to 13 -14- (12) 1336318 mm, density: 2.64 g/cm 3 Ash: Obtained from: Russia 'made granular (called SF), density: 2.44 g / cm 3 fly ash: made by Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., one is sieved to a size of 20 microns or less (called FA20), the other is sieved to a size of 10 microns or less (called FA10) and an unscreened fly ash (called FA), density: 2.44 g / cubic centimeter gypsum: insoluble anhydrite (Natural material, density: 2.82 g/cm 3 ) and industrial dihydrate gypsum powder (density: 2.30 g/cm 3 metal fiber: "Dipac" made by Tokyo Rope MFG. Co. Ltd., steel product 'width: 0.9 Mm, thickness · · 0.34 mm, length · · 30 mm, density: 8.00 g / cm 3 Water reducing agent: Grace Chemicals K.K., high performance AE water reducing agent WRA ( 1 ) » "Super 1 000N" ; Daiich Kogyo Seiyaku

High performance water reducer manufactured by Co., Ltd. WRA ( 2 ) » "Selflow 1 1 0 P ·,》 <Inspection items and methods> Measurement of mortar flow according to JIS R 520 1 Mobility. The measurement was performed on a 50 x 50 x 2 cm acrylic glass plate placed on a flow table. -15- (13) 1336318 Measurement of mortar strength Bending strength is measured according to JI SR 5 2 0 1 , and compressive strength is measured by using a test piece molded into a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm in a mold to measure concrete fluidity. The measurement is based on JIS A 1 101 measuring the lateral spread of the concrete when pulled up. The flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete are measured in a cylindrical mold with an outer diameter of 20 cm and a length of 30 cm and filled with 17.5 kg of concrete, and at a starting speed of 1.5 G for 2 minutes, and at a low speed of 3 G for 5 minutes ' 8 G intermediate speed I Centrifugal molding was carried out for 1 minute, 2 minutes at 1.55 intermediate speed II, and 3 minutes at 30G high speed. After the solidification, the external pressure load and the tube thickness at the time of chipping were measured to calculate the bending tensile strength. In the case of forming a mortar containing metal fibers in one third of the inner portion, it is filled with 12.5 kg of concrete in a mold, then centrifugally molded under the above conditions, and then filled with 5 kg of mortar, followed by a similar Centrifugal molding. For the kneading of mortar (or concrete), the cement, the individual components of the blend, the fine aggregate (and the coarse aggregate) are dry-blended for 30 seconds, and then added to the kneaded water in which the water reducing agent is dissolved, followed by Omni - Knead in the mixer for 3 minutes. When the metal fiber is to be added, the metal fiber is added a little bit without stopping the stirring, and then further kneaded for 3 minutes - 16 - (14) 1336318 [Example 1] · Mortar will be 100 parts of cement, 10 0 parts of fine aggregate, sand ash and fly ash with different blending amount shown in Table I, and 20 parts of kneaded water, of which 3 parts of high performance AE water reducing agent are dissolved in 2 parts of water, all of which are kneaded materials (Cement or cement + sand ash and / or fly ash) as a benchmark, add kneading sand. The fluidity 値 of the obtained sand prize was measured, and the results thereof are shown in Table 1. The test piece obtained by molding the sand mash was allowed to stand for 8 hours in advance, and then increased at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C / hr. Temperature to 80 °C. Then, the test piece was kept at this temperature for 5 hours, and the steam valve was closed to slowly cool the test piece in the steam curing tank to the next day. The flexural strength and compressive strength at one age were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1. 0 It can be seen from Table 1 that the comparative example in which only ash was added was compared with the experiment 1 to 1 in which no ash and fly ash were added. In Experiments 1-2, the mobility was increased, the operability was improved, and the compressive strength and bending strength were also increased. However, the increase in the bending strength is slightly lower than the increase in the compressive strength, and the ratio of the bending strength to the compressive strength is reduced. In addition, in the experiment 1 - 14 in which only the sieved fly ash is added, the flow is also observed. The improvement was improved, but the compressive strength and bending strength hardly increased. Conversely, in Experiments 1 - 3 to 1 - 13 and 1 - 26 to 1 - 30 of the present invention which further incorporated ash and sieve fly ash, an increase in fluidity enthalpy was exhibited. From this, it is clear that although the compressive strength decreases as the proportion of ash is increased, the increase in the bending strength becomes remarkable and the ratio of the bending strength to the compressive strength is also increased. Thereafter, the flexural strength reached a maximum of -17-(17) 1336318 at the ratio of ash/screening fly ash of 60:40 [Example 2] Mortar in the same manner as Experiment 1 _ 1,1 of Example 1. Inspected, the difference between the type and the added amount (per 100 parts of cement) in the stone 〇 Table 2 shows that the gypsum can enhance the compression Φ its strength. In this embodiment, when the gypsum portion is used per 100 parts of cement, the effect is 0.8 parts or more, or 1.0 part or more, but even if the amount of gypsum added exceeds 12 parts, the effect of strength is obtained. As a result, it is apparent that when or less, preferably from 1 to 8 parts, the absolute enthalpy of every 10 0 bending strength is improved -2, 1-7 and 1-4 are further blended as shown in Table 2. Cream. The results are shown in Table 2 for strength and flexural strength to increase the amount of addition by 0.5 parts or more. When the amount of gypsum is added, the utility becomes more apparent. Also can not be further increased. The amount of gypsum added is 10 parts of cement, the compressive strength and

-20- (18) 1336318

[Table 2]. Experimental Adhesive Material Type Gypsum Blend (Parts) Fluidity 値 Bending Strength Compressive Strength No. Water Dendrobium Dihydrate Gypsum (mm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) 2-1 Experiment 1- 1 person 5.0 203 16.6 153 2-2 Experiment 1-2 person 5.0 299 17.1 168 2-3 Experiment 1-14 person 5.0 301 15.5 147 2-4 Experiment 1-7 person 0.5 363 30.0 153 2-5 Experiment 1-7 0.8 366 31.5 158 2-6 Experiment 1-7 1.0 370 33.8 165 2-7 Experiment 1-7 2.0 374 34.3 171 2-8 Experiment 1-7 3.0 375 35.0 176 2-9 Experiment 1-7 5.0 377 36.4 180 2-10 Experiment 1-7 6.0 368 37.2 186 2-11 Experiment 1-7 8.0 360 37.3 188 2-12 Experiment 1-7 10.0 356 37.2 186 2-13 Experiment 1-7 12.0 342 36.0 184 2-14 Experiment 1-7 1.0 360 31.4 160 2-15 Experiment 1-7 3.0 358 33.9 164 2-16 Experiment 1-7 5.0 342 34.3 167 2-17 Experiment 1-7 6.0 330 35.3 173 2- 18 Experiment 1_7 extravagance 8.0 321 35.6 174 2-19 Experiment 1-7 10.0 308 35.7 172 -21 - (19) (19) 1336318 [Example 3] · Mortar-mixed metal fiber mortar with metal fibers and 1 cubic meter ( Air content: 4%) Experiment of Example 1 The mortar of 1 to 8 was kneaded, the amount of addition of the metal fiber was changed (addition to the outside of the mortar), and molding was performed by pouring to form a test piece. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 and then, the bending strength test was conducted at one day old. The results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the metal fiber can be used as a large towel gjt with a mortar 咚 bend_曲_强_^_, but at 1.5% by volume, there is no effect at all. The metal fiber system showed a significant effect starting from 2% by volume, and the bending strength increased as the amount of metal fiber added increased. More than 5.0% by volume results in peaking, and 0.5% by volume results in poor workability and deteriorates formability. In the case of obtaining a mortar by vibration molding, it is apparent that the optimum range is from 2.5 to 5 volumes 〇/〇 〇

-22- (20)

Experiment No.---_ [Table 3]· Bonding material type Metal fiber bending strength-----(% by volume) fN/mm) 3>1 - 0 28.9 _1-2 ~~1.5 28.7 3- 3 2.0 33.2 3-4 — 2.5 2.52.4 -L'5 Experiment 1 _ 8 # 30 47.5 3-6 Experiment I -R 3.5 3.52.6 3-7 _Experiment 1 -8 · 4.0 58.0 3-8 _Experiment 1 - R. 4.5 62.4 3 - g _Experiment 1 -8. 5.0 · 65.8 3-10 Experiment 1 -8. 5.5 66.2 3-11 Experiment 1 - 8 6.0 66.4 -3-12 Experiment 1 · 8 6.5 Cannot be molded [ Example 4] Concrete was obtained by kneading in the same manner as in Experiments 1_1 to 14 of Example 1, and Experiments 2 - 5 to 2 - 13 of Example 2, etc., to obtain a concrete having a total volume of 1 m 3 . The difference is that the amount of coarse aggregate added is 9〇〇kg/m3 per 1m3 of concrete, and the air content is adjusted to 2.5%, and then the test piece is molded by the test piece “after 91 days of standard curing” The compressive strength and bending strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. -23- (21) 1336318 It is apparent from Table 4 that the concrete of the experiment 4-2 in which only cement and sand materials were added, and the concrete added only to the cement and the experiment 4-14, the increase rate of the bending strength was small, obviously Ground, there are coagulation tests for mixing both ash and sieve fly ash 4-13 to 4-13, showing a significant ash-to-screen fly ash ratio of 95:5 to 10:90 in flexural strength. And ί 1 0 to 20: 8.0, especially especially obvious. It was confirmed here that the simultaneous use of gypsum increased the compressive strength and was apparent from Experiments 4-15 to 4-23. In addition, in the case of concrete of gypsum, the amount of addition to the case of mortar is more than 12 parts per 100 parts of cement, and the effect of strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the amount of gypsum added is 10 parts or more, from 1 to 8 parts. Ash is used as a binder to screen fly ash. On the other hand, soil, for example, increases. When 矽# is 90: bending strength, used in combination, even if the gypsum is further increased less, and better

• -24- (22)1336318 m 43.

Experiment number Adhesive material type (including gypsum) Bending strength (N/mm2) Compressive strength (N/mm2) Bending/compressive strength ratio 4-1 Experiment 1 -1 11.2 123 1/11.0 4-2 Experiment 1-2 12.1 1 56 1/12.9 4-3 Experiment 1-3. 15.3 15 5 1/10.1 4-4 Experiment 1-4. 15.9 154 1/9.7 4-5 Experiment 1-5. 18.8 1 52 1/8.1 4-6 Experiment 1-6 20.8 150 1/7.2 4-7 Experiment 1-7 2 1.2 15 1 1/7.1 4-8 Experiment 1-8 20.5 1 50 1/7.3 4-9 Experiment 1-9 20.0 149 1/ 7.5 4-10 Experiment 1-10 18.0 150 1/8.3 4-11 Experiment 1-1 1 17.2 1 52 1/8.8 4-1 2 Experiment 1-12 15.5 150 1/9.7 4-13 Experiment 1-13 13.7 144 1/10.5 4-1 4 Experiment 1-14 11.9 142 1/11.9 4-1 5 Experiment 2-5 2 1.9 162 1/7.9 4-16 Experiment 2-6 23.1 165 1/7.1 4- 1 7 Experiment 2-7 24.9 1 70 1/6.8 4-18 Experiment 2-8 25.3 174 1/6.9 4-19 Experiment 2-9 25.8 178 1/6.9 4-20 Experiment 2-10 26.4 1 77 1/6.7 4-2 1 Experiment 2-1 1 26.0 1 75 1 /6.7 4-22 Experiment 2_12 25.9 1 76 1/6.8 4-23 Experiment 2-13 25.0 1 73 1/6.9 -25- (23 (23) 1336318 [Example 5] Concrete with metal fiber The metal fiber shown in 5 (externally added to concrete) was kneaded with 1 cubic meter of the concrete of Example 4 Experiment 4-8, and the concrete was poured into a mold placed on a tabletop vibrator while being slightly The vibration causes the metal fibers to be separated without being separated, thereby molding the test piece. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and then, a 1 day old bending strength test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 5. As can be seen from Table 5, the metal fiber increases the bending strength of the concrete, but does not work at all in an amount of 1.0% by volume. The metal fiber showed a significant effect starting from 1.5% by volume, and the bending strength increased as the amount of metal fiber added increased. However, it will gradually reach a peak, and 4.5% by volume leads to poor operability resulting in molding difficulty. In the case where concrete is obtained by vibration molding, it is apparent that the optimum range is from 2.0 to 4.0% by volume. .

-26- (24) J336318 [Table 5]. Experiment No. Concrete Type Metal Fiber (External Addition Volume %) (Based on Concrete) - Bending Strength (N/mm 2 ) 5-1 Experiment 4-8 1.0 - ---- 2 1.7 5-2 Experiment 4-8 1.5.8 5-3 Experiment 4-8 2.0 ---* · w 1 5-4 Experiment 4_8 2.5 -~ 1 - '* 32.4 5-5 Experiment 4-8, 3.0 36 ^ 5-6 Experiment 4-8, 3.5 38.fi 5-7 Experiment 4-8, 4.0, 39.1, 5-8, Experiment 4-8, 4.5, inability to mold [Example 6] Using Table 6 In the formulation shown, the mortar or concrete is kneaded with different amounts of metal fibers, and the test piece is prepared by centrifugal molding. Steam solidification was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the external pressure load at the time of fragmentation was measured at 1 day of age to calculate the bending tensile strength. The central column indicates the formulation of the concrete, the above lists the concrete formulations used for comparison, and the following indicates the mortar formulation obtained from the amount of coarse aggregate of the concrete formulation shown in the central column and converted to several metres per cubic meter. Incidentally, the symbols used in Table 6 indicate the following meanings:

Gmax: Maximum aggregate size Air: Air content -27 - (25) 1336318 sL : 坍. s / a · · Fine aggregate ratio W / B : Water / binder ratio w : Water C : Cement S : Fine bone Material G: coarse aggregates were prepared by centrifugal molding, in which the entire test piece was molded by single-layer molding of concrete or mortar having different amounts of metal fibers, and the mold was prepared by double-layer molding. Plastic test piece, in which the outer 3-cm part of the test piece is molded from mortar or concrete without metal fiber, and then the inner 2 - cm part is molded with mortar or concrete with a variation of metal fiber . The results are shown in Table 7 [Table 6]

Gmax Air sL s/a W/B Unit quantity (kg/m3) (mm) (%) (cm) (%) (%) WCSG WRA(2) SF FA20 II-CS *13 1.5 65 48.7 28 168 600 799 850 12 0 0 0 13 1.5 65 48.1 28 168 500 782 850 10 48 29 19 - 1.6 35 _ 20 234 984 953 - 18 94 56 38 (Note) WRA (2): a high performance water reducing agent, added in powder form and Kneading. Π — CS is insoluble anhydrite. As can be seen from Table 7, the addition of 1.0% by volume of metal fibers increases the bending tensile strength of -28-(26) 1336318' and the flexural tensile strength increases with the addition of metal fibers. increase. In the case of concrete, when 3.5% by volume is added, even when the metal fiber is added to the concrete having high fluidity, the concrete is poorly stretched to cause the fiber ball to float on the inner surface. Therefore, preferably, the amount of the metal fibers added is up to 3.0% by volume. In the case of mortar, it is impossible to mold at an amount exceeding 5.5 % by volume, and it is apparent that the amount of the metal fibers added is preferably up to 5.0 φ %. In the case of using a Hume tube, the molding in which only the metal fiber is blended into the inner side of the tube clearly provides a higher bending tensile strength than the molding in which the metal fiber is blended into the entire tube, thus It is more economical.

-29- (27) 1336318 m 7].

Experimental metal fiber addition molding method bending sheet. Λ strength number (external addition amount, volume %) (N/m claw 2) 6-1 混凝土 in concrete sand prize, whole tube molding • Single layer 13 1 6- 2 1 .0, whole tube molding _ single layer 16 1 6-3 1.5, whole tube molding single layer 19 0 6-4 2 .0, whole tube molding • single layer 22 5 6-5 2 .5, Whole tube molding _ single layer 27 6 6-6 3 .〇, whole tube molding _ single layer 27 5 6-7 3 .5, whole tube molding _ single layer fiber ball 6-8 _ 〇, whole tube mold Plastic single layer 1 7. 0 6-9 • 1.0, single tube molding single layer 2 1 0 6-10 • 1.5, whole tube molding single layer 24.6 6-11 _ 2.0, whole tube molding single layer 28.3 6- 12 • 3.0, full tube molded single layer 33. 2 6-13 3.5, whole tube molded single layer 37.2 6-14 _ 4.0, whole tube molded single layer 40. 0 6-15 _ 5.0, whole tube molding Single layer 4 1.7 6-16 _ 6.0, single tube molding single layer can not be molded 6-17 1.0, inner molding • double layer 19.8 6-1 8 2 .〇, inner molding a double layer 25 · 8 6- 19 3.0, inside molding • Double layer 30. 1 6-2 1 _ 1.0, inner molded double layer 24. 1 6-22 _ 2.0, inside Molded double layer 32. 5 6-23 • 3.0, inner molded double layer 36.2 6-24 _ 4.0, inner molded double layer 44. 5 6-25 〇, whole tube molded double layer 8.2 (Note)* :Experiments 6-25 are comparative examples according to the symbolic concrete formula shown in Table 6 - 30(28) (28) 1336318 Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific examples thereof, It will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-07518, filed on Jan. 17, 2011, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The degree can be improved and the operability is good. Further, the obtained mortar and concrete have high compressive strength and bending strength, and high bending strength with respect to compressive strength can be obtained. In addition, the bending strength can be greatly increased by the strengthening action of the blended metal fibers. This can result in an economical and advantageous design in the manufacture of civil engineering and building structures and concrete secondary products.

-31 -

Claims (1)

1336318 X. Patent application No. 94 1 08257 Patent application Chinese patent application scope amendment ^______ Republic of China 9^ years; <6 tears:: 28·' white correction 1. A mortar containing cement composed of fine bone water And kneaded water, wherein the cement composition comprises every 100 parts by weight of cement, 1 to 35 parts by weight of a cement admixture comprising ash and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, wherein the proportion of the ash to the sieved fly ash is It is from 95:5 to 10:90; and 0.5 to 12 parts by weight of anhydrite, and the cement composition does not contain an epoxy resin. 2. The mortar of claim 1, which has a metal fiber added thereto, the metal fiber being externally added in an amount of from 1.0 to 6.0% by volume per cubic meter of the mortar. 3. A concrete comprising a cement composition, a fine aggregate, a coarse aggregate, a water reducing agent and a kneaded water, wherein the cement composition comprises cement per 1 part by weight of cement, and 1 to 35 parts by weight of cement is blended The cement blend comprises ash and fly ash sized to a size of 20 microns or less, wherein the ratio of the ash to the sieved fly ash is from 95:5 to 10:90. And 0.5 to 12 parts by weight of anhydrite, and the cement composition does not contain an epoxy resin. 4. The concrete of claim 3, which has a metal fiber added thereto, the external addition amount of the metal fiber is 1.0 to 4.0, the body is 1336318% by mass per cubic meter of the concrete, and the patent is patented. Cement hardened product obtained by hardening mortar of the first item. 6. A cement hardened product obtained by hardening a mortar of the second application of the patent application. 7. A hardened product of cement obtained by hardening concrete of claim 3 of the patent application. 8. A cement hardened product obtained by hardening concrete of claim 4 of the patent application. -2-