1325208 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係與電源供應裝置有關，特別是指一種電源供 應輸出之電路保護裝置。 【先前技術】 15 一般電子、通訊等檢測設備或控制設備等，大多廣泛 以直流開關f源作為電源供應裝置，其巾更以複雜的積體 電路7L件作為控制直流電源輸出的開關電路而為考量元 件有限定之耐壓或耐熱能力，以保護_電源自身和負載 的安全，電源供應裝置中多設有過熱、過電壓或過電流等 保護電路，如第-圖所示為龍防止開關電源過電$輸入 的-保護電路1，係以一基納二極體ZD1並聯於負載元件 RL ’依據基納二極體ZD1的操作特性可限定負載元件rl 於電路系統中的電麗上限’以避免因電路不穩定而發生直 流開關電源過電壓輸入或後級負載元件RL過電壓輸出的 見象至於2負載元件壯端發生短路現象，基納二極體 ZD1及其前端的分壓電阻R1可貞荷大部分的電源功率而 =至危及其他電路元件，然在短路現象排㈣則持續消耗 率/至發生因功率過度消耗造成電路過熱而終至 危害電路系統中其他電子元件。 縱使可以如第二圖所示為另一習用開關電源的 電路2’當負載元件Rpass之負載電流過大歧 電晶體Q12則會切斷直流電源VDD的供電，可使電:關 不會因輸出異常而消耗電源功率，其中電位節點 = 1馬電 4 20 丄 W5208 路運作正常與否的判斷準位，由軟體摘測後決定是否輸出 啟動電壓以控制開關電晶體QU之導通或截止；然而當偵 测迴路處於正常運作時，一旦負載元件Rpass之負載電壓 降低以致使别級電晶體Q13、Q14轉態導通，則透過迴授 5電阻R16間接促使開關電晶體Qll、Q12截止，反而又使 月’J級電晶體Q13、Q14轉態截止並再使開關電晶體qU、 Q12回復導通，若負載元件Rpass上述之負載電壓降低的 問題未移除，則前級電晶體Q13又轉態成導通—直循環下 去，因此造成電路迴授振盪週而復始的出現，同樣無法使 ω電路系統正常運作且又因各電晶體不斷的轉態運作而消耗 電路功率。 故設計電源開關的保護電路時除了需考量過埶、過電 壓或過電流等電路保護功能外，往往仍雨臨如上述電路功 率消耗及電路迴授缝等額外產生的電％系統問題因而 15更增加了電路設計的複雜與困難度。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明之主要目的乃在於提供一種電源供應之 電路保護裝置，不需透過軟體控制即能斜電源電路及輸出 20負載提供有效的高壓及短路保護。 為達成前揭目的，本發明所提供之〜電路保護裝置係 可提供一供應電源輸出電源電壓至一負栽元件，包括有一 啟動電路、-比較電路、-開關電路及〜穩壓電路，該啟 動電路具有一電源輸入端組及一電源輸出端組，該電源輸 5 1325208 入端_以電性連接該供應電源；槪較 端組及-㈣端組，_應端組紐連接魏源輸出 及該負載70件，該控制端组係感應該感應端組達到特定之 f財位而輸出所對應之—第—或—第二控制信號；該開 5 Μ電路具有-浦端組及—開關電晶體，該切換端組電性 連接該控制端組’該㈣電晶體電性連接該電源輸入端 組’該切換端組接收該第-控制信號即可使該開關電晶體 導通運作，接收該第二控制信號即可使該開關電晶體截止 運作；該穩壓電路具有-限流端組及一箝制元件，該限流 Η)端組電性連接該箝制元件、該感應端組及上述負載元件， 該開關電晶體導通後上述電源電壓即通過該穩壓電路與該 負載元件電性導通，該箝制元件係維持上述負 t壓低於一高限壓準位，當該限流端組之 低限壓準位時，該比較電路即輸出該第二控制信號。 15 _ 【實施方式】 以下，茲配合若干圖式列舉一較佳實施例，用以對本 發明之組成構件及功效作進一步說明，其中所用各圖式之 簡要說明如下： 20 第三圖係本發明第一較佳實施例所提供電路保護裝置 之電路方塊示意圖； 第四圖係上述較佳實施例所提供之電路設置示意圖； 第五圖係本發明第二較佳實施例所提供保護電路之電 路示意圖。 6 請參閱第三及第四圖所示，為本發明第一較佳實施例 所提供一電路保護裝置3，可提供一供應電源1〇輸出電源 電壓至一負载元件2〇，係具有一啟動電路3〇、一比較電路 5 40、一開關電路5〇及一穩壓電路6〇，其中： 該啟動電路30具有一電源輸入端組3〇1、一電源輸出 端組302以及相互並聯之一電容器31及一輸入分壓電阻 32，該電源輸入端組3〇1電性連接該供應電源1〇，該電源 輸出端組302電性連接該比較電路40、穩壓電路6〇及負載 10兀*件20’該電容器31之電容板兩側分別電性連接該電源輸 入及輸出端組301、302，本實施例所提供該電容器31具有 特定足夠之電容值且該輸入分壓電阻32具有特定之高阻 值故^該供應電源10輸入電源電厘的瞬間，該電容器31 可提供為電流短路流通路徑，使電路啟動時即將該供應電 15源10所提供之電源電壓直接自該電源輸出端組302輸出。 該比較電路40具有一感應端組401、一控制端組4〇2、 一電晶體41以及數個分壓電阻42,該感應端組401電性連 接該電源輸出端組3〇2及負載元件2〇，該控制端組4〇2電 性連接該開關電路50,該電晶體41之輸入控制端41〇電性 2〇連接該些分壓電阻42 ;當該感應端組4〇1之電位經各該分 壓電阻42轉換而於該電晶體41之輸入控制端41〇達到特 定=一臨界電位後，即可使該電晶體41之輸出運作於飽和 穩，的狀態，並於該控制端組4〇2產生有穩定電壓準位之 第控制仏號，當該感應端組401之電位達到特定之一 1325208 低限壓準位後’即改變該電晶體41之輸出電位，並於該控 制端組402形成另一電壓準位之一第二控制信號。 該開關電路50具有一切換端組5〇1、一輸入端組502、 一輸出端組503、一開關電晶體51以及數個分麗電阻52， 5該切換端組501電性連接該控制端組402，該輸入端組5〇2 電性連接該供應電源10，該輸出端組5〇3電性連接該穩壓 電路60’該開關電晶體51之輸入控制端51〇電性連接該咏 分壓電阻52，當該切換端組501接收該控制端組4〇2之第 一控制彳5號後’該開關電晶體51則導通運作於飽和穩定的 1〇狀態’使該輸入端組502與輸出端組503電性導通，當該 切換端組501接收該控制端組402之第二控制信號後，該 開關電晶體51則截止運作。 該穩壓電路60具有一限流端組601、一輸出分壓電阻 61及一箝制元件6 2 ,該限流端組6 01電性連接該輸出分壓 15電阻61、箝制元件62及該負載元件20,該開關電晶體51 導通後該供應電源1〇之電源電壓經該輸出分壓電阻61之 微小壓降後則輸出至該負載元件20,並由該箝制元件62 箝制該限流端組601之電位，以限制該負載元件2〇之跨電 壓低於一高限壓準位，避免該負載元件20之負載電壓在電 20路不穩定時超過該高限壓準位。 因此當該電路保護裝置3接設於該供應電源1〇後，該 電容器31可在起動時的瞬間提供電流通路徑，使啟動瞬間 電源電壓直接自該電源輸出端組302輸出，以提供該電晶 體41於電路啟動時即能立刻達到導通運作的條件，進一步 8 m電晶體51導料作，⑽麵輕由該輸出端組 電六1 該輸出分壓電阻61至該負航件2G ;至於當該 601 漸進仃充電反應後電源電壓即可於該限流端組 位維持使該電晶體41之輸出繼續保持運作於飽 和穩定的狀態。 t該負航件2G之負㈣壓下降甚至發生電路短路等 現象4 ’只要雜流端組之電位低耻述之低限壓準 位亦即使該電晶體41之輸出於該開關電晶體Μ之輸入 控制端510丨足使該開關電晶體51導通之臨界電位，則達 到上述觸發槪較電路4G輸出第二控繼號之條件，使該 供應電源1G之電源電壓不再經㈣穩壓電路⑹輸出，而 為由該輸人刀壓電阻32高阻值的特性以及該電容器31之 充電以承受瞬間形成於該限流端組6〇1與該電源輸入端組 301之間大部分的跨電壓；#使用者將該限流端組6〇1斷 開’亦即先移除該負載元件2〇轉決其短路問題，此時該 輸入分壓電阻32及該比較電路4〇之分壓電阻42則形成分 壓迴路，可再次使該感應端組4〇1回到足以觸發該第一控 制信號之電位，故當再次接上正常的負載元件2〇後又可回 複對該負載元件20供應電源電壓的功用。 請參閱如第五圖所示為本發明第二較佳實施例所提供 之一保護電路4,係為上述實施例所提供等效電路之實際電 路元件，其中一雙極性接面電晶體Q卜一金屬氧化物半導 體Q2及一基納二極體D1分別具有上述實施例之電晶體 41、開關電晶體51及箝制元件62之功能特性，當然本發 1325208 明使用之電晶體種類只要以具有電性開關特性的半導體元 件’配合限流雜601之傾鲜位卿應設計使相關電 路導通或截止’皆可達成本發明所需之功效，故本實施例 所應用之半導體開關元件以任何具有良好開_性的金屬 5氧化物半導體或雙極性接面電晶體皆可相互取代應用；因 此當該雙極性接面電晶體Q1之基極電位達:炅 位時，則可導通該雙極性接面電晶體Q1，並觸發該金屬氧 籲化物半導體Q2之閘極達到導通臨界電位，以對負載元件 社供應電源電壓；由於該基納二極體m用以籍制該 1〇元件RL之負載電壓不至超過其積納崩潰電壓，則可對該 護電路4及負载元件RL達到過電壓保護，而當該負載元 RL之負載電壓分壓於該雙極性接面電晶體qi之基極電位 於其臨界電位時’則可同時截止雙極性接 金屬氧化物半導體Q2，可對該保護電路4形成有Q = 15保護。 略 丛與所述者’料本發狀触可行實施例而已， 故舉凡顧本發明制書及”專 變化，理應包含在本發明之專利範_。 。構 【圖式簡單說明】 f一圖係習用電源過電壓防止的電路示意圖； 苐:圖係習用開關電源的保護電路之電路示意圖； 第二圖係本發明第一較佳實施例所提供 之電路方塊示意圖； 峪保- 又裝置 第四圖係上述較佳實施例所提供之電路設置示意圖； 第五圖係本發明第二較佳實施例所提供保護電路之 路示意圖。 10 【主要元件符號說明】 3電路保護裝置 10供應電源 30啟動電路 302電源輸出端組 32輸入分壓電阻 401感應端組 41電晶體 42、52分壓電阻 501切換端組 503輸出端組 60穩壓電路 61輸出分墨電阻 Q1雙極性接面電晶體 D1基納二極體 4保護電路 20負載元件 301電源輸入端組 31電容器 40比較電路 402控制端組 410、510輸入控制端 50開關電路 502輸入端組 51開關電晶體 601限流端組 62箝制元件 Q2金屬氧化物半導體 RL負載元件 201325208 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a power supply device, and more particularly to a circuit protection device for power supply output. [Prior Art] 15 General electronic, communication and other testing equipment or control equipment, etc., mostly use DC switch f source as the power supply device, and the towel uses a complex integrated circuit 7L as the switching circuit for controlling the output of the DC power supply. The components are limited in voltage or heat resistance to protect the safety of the power supply itself and the load. The power supply device is provided with protection circuits such as overheating, overvoltage or overcurrent, as shown in the figure below. The electric-input-protection circuit 1 is connected in parallel with the load element RL' by a Zener diode ZD1. According to the operational characteristics of the Zener diode ZD1, the upper limit of the load element rl in the circuit system can be defined to avoid The DC switching power supply over-voltage input or the rear-stage load component RL over-voltage output occurs due to unstable circuit. As for the short-circuit phenomenon of the 2 load components, the voltage divider resistor R1 of the Zener diode ZD1 and its front end can be 贞Most of the power supply of the load = to the end of other circuit components, but in the short circuit phenomenon (four), the continuous consumption rate / to the occurrence of excessive power consumption caused by the circuit overheating This ultimately jeopardizes other electronic components in the circuit system. Even if the circuit 2' of another conventional switching power supply can be as shown in the second figure, when the load current of the load component Rpass is too large, the circuit Q12 will cut off the power supply of the DC power supply VDD, so that the power is off and the output is not abnormal. The power consumption is consumed, wherein the potential node = 1 horsepower 4 20 丄 W5208 is normal or not, and the software determines whether to output the starting voltage to control the turn-on or turn-off of the switching transistor QU; When the measuring circuit is in normal operation, once the load voltage of the load component Rpass is lowered to cause the other transistors Q13 and Q14 to turn on, the switching resistors Q11 and Q12 are indirectly caused by the feedback of the 5 resistor R16, which in turn makes the month' The J-level transistors Q13 and Q14 are turned off and the switching transistors qU and Q12 are turned back on. If the load component Rpass is not removed due to the above-mentioned load voltage drop, the front-end transistor Q13 is turned into conduction-straight. The cycle continues, thus causing the circuit to return to the oscillation cycle and the recurrence of the circuit. It is also impossible to make the ω circuit system operate normally and consume the circuit due to the continuous state transition of each transistor. power. Therefore, when designing the protection circuit of the power switch, in addition to considering the circuit protection functions such as over-voltage, over-voltage or over-current, it is still raining as the above-mentioned circuit power consumption and circuit feedback sewing and other additional power generation system problems. Increased complexity and difficulty in circuit design. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a circuit protection device for power supply that provides effective high voltage and short circuit protection without the need for software control, that is, the oblique power supply circuit and the output 20 load. In order to achieve the foregoing, the circuit protection device provided by the present invention can provide a power supply output power voltage to a load component, including a start circuit, a comparison circuit, a switch circuit, and a voltage stabilization circuit. The circuit has a power input terminal group and a power output terminal group, the power input 5 1325208 input terminal _ electrically connected to the supply power; 槪 the end group and the - (four) end group, the _ should end group connection Wei source output and the load 70 pieces, the control end group senses that the sensing end group reaches a specific f-finance position and outputs a corresponding - - or - second control signal; the open 5 Μ circuit has a --end group and - a switching transistor, The switching terminal group is electrically connected to the control terminal group. The (four) transistor is electrically connected to the power input terminal group. The switching terminal group receives the first control signal to enable the switching transistor to be turned on, and receives the second control. The signal can be turned off by the switching transistor; the voltage stabilizing circuit has a current limiting end group and a clamping component, and the limiting current terminal group is electrically connected to the clamping component, the sensing terminal group and the loading component, After the transistor is turned on, the power supply voltage is electrically connected to the load component through the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the clamp component maintains the negative t voltage below a high voltage limit level, and the low limit voltage of the current limiting end group When the bit is bit, the comparison circuit outputs the second control signal. 15 _ [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment will be described with reference to a plurality of drawings for further explaining the components and functions of the present invention, wherein a brief description of each of the drawings is as follows: The circuit block diagram of the circuit protection device provided by the first preferred embodiment; the fourth circuit is a schematic diagram of the circuit arrangement provided by the above preferred embodiment; and the fifth figure is the circuit of the protection circuit provided by the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. schematic diagram. 6 is shown in the third and fourth figures. A circuit protection device 3 for providing a power supply 1 〇 output power supply voltage to a load component 2 〇 has a start-up according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. a circuit 3〇, a comparison circuit 5 40, a switching circuit 5〇, and a voltage stabilizing circuit 6〇, wherein: the starting circuit 30 has a power input group 3〇1, a power output group 302, and one of the parallel lines The capacitor 31 and an input voltage dividing resistor 32 are electrically connected to the power supply 1〇. The power output group 302 is electrically connected to the comparison circuit 40, the voltage stabilization circuit 6〇, and the load 10兀. * The member 20' is electrically connected to the power input and output terminal groups 301, 302 on both sides of the capacitor plate 31. The capacitor 31 provided in this embodiment has a specific sufficient capacitance value and the input voltage dividing resistor 32 has a specific The high resistance value is such that when the power supply 10 is input to the power supply, the capacitor 31 can be provided as a current short-circuit flow path, so that the power supply voltage supplied from the source 10 is directly from the power output when the circuit is started. Group 30 2 output. The comparison circuit 40 has a sensing end group 401, a control end group 4〇2, a transistor 41, and a plurality of voltage dividing resistors 42. The sensing end group 401 is electrically connected to the power output group group 3〇2 and the load component. 2〇, the control terminal group 4〇2 is electrically connected to the switch circuit 50, and the input control terminal 41 of the transistor 41 is electrically connected to the voltage dividing resistors 42; when the sensing terminal group is 4〇1 After the voltage dividing resistor 42 is switched and the input control terminal 41 of the transistor 41 reaches a specific=a threshold potential, the output of the transistor 41 can be operated in a saturated state, and at the control end. The group 4〇2 generates a first control apostrophe with a stable voltage level. When the potential of the sensing terminal group 401 reaches a certain one of the 1325208 low-limit voltage levels, the output potential of the transistor 41 is changed, and the control is performed. End group 402 forms a second control signal for one of the other voltage levels. The switch circuit 50 has a switch end group 5〇1, an input end group 502, an output end group 503, a switch transistor 51, and a plurality of switch resistors 52. The switch end group 501 is electrically connected to the control end. The group 402 is electrically connected to the power supply 10, and the output group 5〇3 is electrically connected to the voltage regulator circuit 60'. The input control terminal 51 of the switch transistor 51 is electrically connected to the group The voltage dividing resistor 52, when the switching end group 501 receives the first control port number 5 of the control terminal group 4〇2, the switching transistor 51 is turned on to operate in a saturated stable state 1 to make the input terminal group 502 The switch group 503 is electrically turned on. When the switch end group 501 receives the second control signal of the control end group 402, the switch transistor 51 is turned off. The voltage stabilizing circuit 60 has a current limiting end group 601, an output voltage dividing resistor 61 and a clamping component 61. The current limiting end group 610 is electrically connected to the output voltage dividing resistor 61, the clamping component 62 and the load. After the switching transistor 51 is turned on, the power supply voltage of the power supply 1 is outputted to the load component 20 via a small voltage drop of the output voltage dividing resistor 61, and the current limiting terminal group is clamped by the clamping component 62. The potential of 601 is to limit the voltage across the load component 2 to a high voltage limit, so as to prevent the load voltage of the load component 20 from exceeding the high voltage limit when the power 20 is unstable. Therefore, after the circuit protection device 3 is connected to the power supply 1 , the capacitor 31 can provide a current path at the moment of starting, so that the startup power supply voltage is directly output from the power output group 302 to provide the power. The crystal 41 can immediately reach the condition of the conduction operation when the circuit is started, and the further 8 m transistor 51 is made of the material, and the (10) surface is lightly assembled by the output terminal 6 to the output voltage dividing resistor 61 to the negative traveling member 2G; When the 601 is progressively charged, the power supply voltage can be maintained at the current limiting terminal to maintain the output of the transistor 41 in a state of saturation stability. t The negative (four) voltage drop of the negative traveling member 2G even causes a short circuit of the circuit, etc. 4 'As long as the potential of the choke end group is low, the lower limit voltage level of the shame is even if the output of the transistor 41 is in the switching transistor The input control terminal 510 meets the critical potential for turning on the switch transistor 51, and then the triggering circuit 4G outputs the second control step condition, so that the power supply voltage of the power supply 1G is no longer passed through the (four) voltage regulator circuit (6). The output is characterized by the high resistance of the input resistor 32 and the charging of the capacitor 31 to withstand most of the cross voltage formed between the current limiting group 6〇1 and the power input group 301. The user disconnects the current limiting group 6〇1, that is, the load component 2 is removed first, and the short circuit problem is turned off. At this time, the input voltage dividing resistor 32 and the voltage dividing resistor of the comparison circuit 4〇 42 forms a voltage dividing circuit, which can again return the sensing end group 4〇1 to a potential sufficient to trigger the first control signal, so that when the normal load element 2 is connected again, the load element 20 can be restored. The function of the power supply voltage. Referring to FIG. 5, a protection circuit 4 according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention is an actual circuit component of the equivalent circuit provided by the above embodiment, wherein a bipolar junction transistor Qb A metal oxide semiconductor Q2 and a sigma diode D1 respectively have the functional characteristics of the transistor 41, the switching transistor 51 and the clamping component 62 of the above embodiment, and of course, the type of the transistor used in the present invention is as long as it has electricity. The semiconductor switching element of the switching characteristics of the semiconductor device is designed to make the related circuit turn on or off, and the semiconductor switching element applied in this embodiment has any good function. The open-metal metal oxide semiconductor or the bipolar junction transistor can be substituted for each other; therefore, when the base potential of the bipolar junction transistor Q1 reaches: 炅, the bipolar junction can be turned on. The transistor Q1 triggers the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor Q2 to reach a conduction critical potential to supply a power supply voltage to the load component; since the Zener diode m is used to manufacture the When the load voltage of the 〇 element RL does not exceed the accumulated breakdown voltage, the protection circuit 4 and the load element RL can be over-voltage protected, and when the load voltage of the load element RL is divided by the bipolar junction transistor When the base of the qi is at its critical potential, the bipolar-connected metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 can be turned off at the same time, and the protection circuit 4 can be formed with Q=15 protection. Slightly clumped with the above-mentioned "feasible", it is a practical example, so the book and the "special change" of the present invention should be included in the patent model of the present invention. A schematic diagram of a circuit for preventing the overvoltage of the power supply; 苐: a circuit diagram of a protection circuit of a conventional switching power supply; the second diagram is a schematic diagram of a circuit provided by the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; The figure is a schematic diagram of the circuit arrangement provided by the above preferred embodiment; the fifth figure is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the protection circuit provided by the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. 10 [Description of main component symbols] 3 circuit protection device 10 supplies power supply 30 to start Circuit 302 power output terminal group 32 input voltage dividing resistor 401 sensing terminal group 41 transistor 42, 52 voltage dividing resistor 501 switching terminal group 503 output terminal group 60 voltage stabilizing circuit 61 output ink dividing resistor Q1 bipolar junction transistor D1 base Nanodiode 4 protection circuit 20 load component 301 power input terminal group 31 capacitor 40 comparison circuit 402 control terminal group 410, 510 input control terminal 50 switch circuit 502 input terminal group 51 Limiting transistor 601 clamp terminal group 62 element Q2 MOS load RL element 20