TWI309552B - - Google Patents

Description

1309552 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a vegetable and vegetable cultivation medium and a preparation method thereof, in particular to adding a beneficial microorganism to shorten the decomposition time of the organic matter, so as to become a chemically stable and uniform physical and chemical fruit and vegetable Cultivation medium. [Prior Art] General agricultural waste is both polluting and resource-oriented. If it is treated with micro-sweet, it will be converted into nutrient source (nitrogen, fill, potassium) and energy source in agricultural production system ( carbon). Therefore, returning agricultural waste to farmland is not only a natural law for resource reuse, but also one of the important directions for the consumption of such a large amount of organic waste. The application of unfertilized organic matter is liable to cause problems such as excessive reduction of soil and release of toxic substances. Therefore, organic waste needs to be properly composted to remove undesirable organic components and toxic substances that limit crop growth. The so-called composting effect is to use the microorganisms widely distributed in nature to convert the unstable organic components in the waste into controlled humic components, that is, composted compost under controlled conditions. During the composting process, the carbohydrates contained in the organic matrix are rapidly decomposed by the action of microorganisms. At the same time, the proliferation of microorganisms must absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to synthesize microbial biomass (biomass), so the organic matter matrix should be contained before composting. Rich in nutrient elements, and the various components in the organic matrix before composting should be adjusted to a suitable ratio to facilitate the composting of microorganisms. The nutrients contained in different organic materials vary greatly. If properly formulated, the compost ingredients can be matched with the growth of different crops, and the accumulation of rot 5 1309552 can increase the availability of organic materials and nitrogen. Crop yield and quality. Application of fresh or unfermented organic matter to the soil may cause undesirable consequences, such as soil nitrogen deficiency, organic acid production or soil reduction, crop growth, pathogens, weed seeds, and the like. Therefore, it is important to make a composting process for composting; it is important to fully decompose organic matter and turn it into a safe and stable high-quality organic fertilizer. The general purpose of composting includes: 1. Adjusting the organic matter of fresh or undecomposed organic matter, the organic composition is quite unstable. In the process of composting, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in organic waste is a very important factor. Microorganisms in compost require carbon as a source of energy, and nitrogen is also needed to sustain life and build somatic cells. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost material is too high, the nitrogen deficiency is caused, so that the microorganisms cannot be multiplied, and the composting process is rather slow. If the carbon to nitrogen ratio is too low, the microorganisms decompose too much ammonia and easily escape from the compost, resulting in nitrogen loss. As the accumulation process progresses, the carbon to nitrogen ratio in organic waste gradually decreases to around 20:1. 2. Reducing harmful components Decomposition of organic matter can produce toxic substances such as decane, hydrogen, phenolic acid, and organic acids, which are harmful to crop growth. If it is decomposed by decomposition, it can reduce harmful components. 3. Avoid the bad factors caused by the decomposition of organic matter. Generally, organic matter contains carbohydrates, fatty acids and other components. When microorganisms decompose, high temperature and local anoxic conditions occur. Microorganisms multiply and produce soil reducing, which is unfavorable for crop root growth. Accumulation and decomposition can avoid affecting crop growth when applied directly. 4. Elimination of pathogens, eggs, weed seeds Organic materials such as chaff, wormwood, excrement, etc. are attached to many pathogens, 6 1309552 eggs and weed seeds. If the compost is properly fermented, the temperature can be up to 60 °C, and most of the pathogens, eggs and weed seeds can be killed at this temperature. 5. Improve physical properties Many organic materials such as 10,000 rods, residual branches, bark and other materials are hard and strong, and after being piled up and decomposed, they become brittle, soft, conducive to spreading, and evenly mixed with the soil. 6. Reduce odor and maintain field hygiene. Proper accumulation of decomposed compost will reduce the unpleasant odor. In the field, _ field application can also reduce mosquitoes and maintain environmental sanitation. 7. Adjustable composting composition and improving fertilizer efficiency Different organic materials contain different nutrients. If properly formulated, the compost composition can be matched with the growth of different crops, and the accumulation of decomposed can increase the effectiveness of organic materials. With nitrogen, it can increase crop yield and quality. The use of biological agents in the continuous cultivation of crops is a new trend in today's cultivation. The types of biological agents used include several major items. (1) Promote the growth of plant φ, such as mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and beneficial microflora . (7) Pests and diseases Biological control, such as Suri, Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis. (3) Improve crop growth environment, such as dissolved bacteria. Its function is mainly to promote plant growth, increase production and quantity, reduce pests and diseases, and other functions include plant hormones, induce plant disease resistance, reduce soil acidification, reduce soil salt accumulation, and induce other beneficial microorganisms. As a result, these biological agents have been put into considerable research by researchers in recent years. The definition of a biological agent, if it is distinguished by a wide range of biological species, includes, in addition to the crop itself, various organisms that react with the crop. If only in the case of a microbial preparation, the biological preparation contains only the microorganism or its associated metabolite. The benefits of microbial preparations used in crop growth 7 1309552 can be broadly divided into two categories: direct benefits and indirect benefits. Direct interest microbes include Rhizobium with subfamily Rhizobium, Frankia, which is symbiotic with forest crops, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that promote plant growth, vesicualar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi The five major types of bacteria (ectomycorrhizalfungi) promote growth by directly promoting plant nutrient absorption; while indirect microbes include biological control of plant pathogens, plant pests and weed competition, so it is a disease-reducing environment that reduces crop growth. The indirect mechanism of factor action. Regardless of the mechanism used, these microorganisms can show the potential for promoting crop growth during the experiment, can replace inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides, reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution, and ensure crop yield. With the current threat to various agricultural resources, the development of microbial fertilizers may be a wise way. General agricultural wastes are both polluting and resource-intensive. If properly treated with microorganisms, they can be converted into nutrient sources (I, phosphorus, potassium) and energy sources (carbon) in agricultural production systems. Therefore, the return of agricultural waste to farmland is not only a natural law of resource reuse, but also one of the important directions for the consumption of such a large amount of organic waste. It is an important role for the decomposition of organic matter and the stabilization of compost in the process of composting. Different stacked materials, such as the ability to inoculate appropriate microbial strains, can accelerate composting. In order to achieve the most efficient composting, in addition to the addition of appropriate microbial strains, in the environment of the stacked materials, the optimal growth conditions of the microorganisms are maintained to enable the microorganisms to fully act and reproduce, and also to strengthen the composting materials. And decomposition. Generally, the composting of microbial strains can be carried out by natural composting method, that is, in the composting conditions, in the composting materials such as wood chips and soybean meal, the appropriate material size, moisture content and air permeability are adjusted, and then the piles are decomposed and made. Microorganisms in nature breed in composting materials' Finally, in the composting compost, there are many 13 1309552 microbial strains that decompose organic matter. However, in order to improve the fermentation decomposition efficiency of compost materials, it is one of the important steps in the composting process to apply appropriate microbial strains for different organic material properties. Among them, there are key mechanisms for the use of beneficial microbial strains, including the selection of appropriate microbial strains, the establishment of efficient strain cultivation and propagation methods, and special inoculation methods for composting. In the production of fruits and vegetables, in addition to the above-mentioned key technologies for the use of beneficial microbial species, including the types, characteristics and dosages of the dielectric materials (formulation), composting control conditions, medium product quality standards, etc. Factor and workflow to produce high quality and stable media products. Since the composting stage is very important in the process of manufacturing vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, if it can be improved at this stage, it will be able to produce a vegetable and fruit cultivation medium with chemical composition to stabilize the effective plant nutrient composition, which will be quite large for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. Help. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to produce a vegetable and vegetable cultivation medium having stable chemical composition and uniform physical properties, the present invention provides an improvement in the composting stage in the process of manufacturing a vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vegetable and fruit cultivation medium containing one Beneficial microorganisms to shorten the decomposition time of organic matter. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, which utilizes the addition of beneficial microorganisms to an organic cultivation medium, increases the speed of heap-fat ripening, and provides a nutrient-stable and excellent vegetable-fruit planting quality. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vegetable and vegetable cutting medium, which comprises a medium material and a beneficial microorganism, and the beneficial microorganism is Trichoderma sp. The dielectric material has a conductivity of from 0.2 dS/m to j 5 dS/m, preferably from 〇.3 dS/m to 1.4 μs/m, more preferably 1 ds/m. . 1309552 The bacteria were developed into biological control organisms T.harzianum, T.atroviride and f:, the strains used for hanging were T.virens, then vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and turf ^P^eUUm, the applied crop organic The material in the appropriate control strips ^ ~ role, can shorten the decomposition of organic matter ^ when ^ acid yeast 'utility of microorganisms -, chemical composition of stable high-quality vegetable two physical properties of wood cultivation medium. The invention uses the heap

Special inoculation of fertilization: the seed method (method of inoculating beneficial microbial strains) is applied to the process of manufacturing fruits and vegetables = medium. This means that inoculation in the key composting stage - quantification of Μ Μ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Quickly and fully decompose the fermented and matured products. This new production method can efficiently produce high quality vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, and stabilize the effective plant nutrient content in the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium', which can significantly improve the production efficiency of the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium. The present invention is not limited to the details of the present invention. It is intended to be A variety of changes and retouching. EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of Fruits and Vegetables Materials Preparation: 1. The scientific name of Trichoderma strains prepared by Trichoderma sp. is sp., numbered TCT103, which is sent to the Center of Fungi of the Republic of China Food Industry Development Institute, 11 1309552 曰,: The system is May 27, 1993. The registration number is BCRC93〇〇7〇. (4) Wood (four) species and their registration date and number) ^ Appropriate value is 6.5~7·5 ' and this S strain culture: flat rice plate medium, after seven days of cultivation, IxlO3 spore/nu' plus solid rice縠 中 中 培 】 】 】

After Si:? is overgrown with rice medium, it begins to form a “plant that is produced in the same way” and fermented by this method. The concentration of spores can reach lxl09sp〇re/g or more. The preparation of materials due to the "chemical content of nitrogen, filling, potassium, etc. in the shell material" will directly affect the chemical properties of the finished product after composting; therefore, in order to obtain (four) pure silk cutting, f The standard of organic material properties, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, is the most important for the conductivity: the conductivity of organic materials is based on the table-- and the table ^, the person: the electrical conductivity of the wood is better (1: 5) For 〇.5~丨3 dS/m, the conductance yield is: 10) preferably 0.4~〇·8 ds/m. Crushing rice hull conductivity (1:=Helmet 0.7~1.2dS/m' Conductivity (1:1〇) is preferably 〇3~〇7 milk~.::: The ratio of electricity is the ratio of material to water. Filtrate detection. Cutting 'Class I, pile hard is also tested before the test, the public share of the batch % % Κ Ca Mg OM pH EC~ EC~~ % % % % (1:5) dS/m (1:10) rlQ/r^ 0.4 1.2 0.4 60~ 6.0 _ α〇/ιη 0.4-0.8 ~ ~ 70 ~ 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.7 7.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 65 5.0 0.7~ 0.3 ~ 0.7 ~ ~ ~ 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 75 6.5 Material Name Powder 12 1309552 Table 2 Materials Name $ or sub-analysis 0.5 Prepared rice husk ο.κ Cu Μη mg/kg Zn mg/kg Fe mg/kg 1 ITicr/κ 4.0~ 8.0 2.0~ 50~ 100 100- 200 25~ 40 15~ 30 250~ 500 100~200 3·〇~ 8.0 2.0-. 5.0 The preparation process is as follows: (1) analysis of the chemical properties of the raw materials, and the batch-by-batch according to the raw materials with the presence of (4) (2) control of raw material types and material standards The ratio is 80:20, and the mixture is evenly mixed. The gold needle reads the sawdust and pulverizes the rice husk to the body 5 and t control t]: the solid Trichoderma strain is diluted with water to form the heart sputum, and the compost material prepared by the 骒(1) The aqueous suspension is mixed with ln^. liters, and then the water content is adjusted to about 6〇%, the accumulation height is maintained at about 1.5-2.〇m, and then the composting fermentation step is carried out. (4) Composting production management method: During the accumulation period, the equipment such as the shovel loader, the strange hand or the automatic turning machine will be turned over once or twice a week, and the temperature of the composting body will be 6 〇. (: The above high temperature period is gradually reduced to 5 〇. During the low temperature period, if the temperature of the fertilizer body is maintained between 40 and 45 °C, the medium is close to maturity and stability. (5) Analysis of the quality of the finished product of the medium. · Chemical sample analysis, germination rate and germination rate index (GRI) Analysis and other quality control. Re-selection example 2, vegetable and fruit cover. Quality special '11 full jt The chemical composition analysis results of the finished product (Table 3, Table 4), the medium PH (1: 10) value is 6.65~7.22 Conductivity (1: 5) 1.32~1.64 dS/m, electrical conductivity (1: 10) 〇.46~0.59 dS/m, nitrogen content is 〇·80~0.88%, phosphorus 1309552 3 is 0.36~〇· 44%, potassium content is 〇5〇~〇59%, calcium content is 1.40~1.65%, magnesium content #G 32~q.44%, organic matter content is 61· 〇~72.6%' steel content is G.19~0.26%, copper content is 3.15~3.82 mg/kg bell^畺77 2~9〇1 (4), the content is Μ?-%.) mg/kg iron The content is 298~378 mg/kg, and the content of the effective bacteria is 3.11~3.80 mgLkg' Trichoderma is 6. 7χ1〇5·6~3.5xl06·3. The above values have met the criteria for the quality of chemical properties of vegetable and fruit cultivation media.

Component Analysis (1) N p Medium PK Ca Mg OM pH EC EC 1 (1:5) (1:10) % % % % % % dS/m dS/m A 0.88 0.38 0.59 1.43 0.37 62.2 7.17 1.32 0.46 B 0.86 0.44 0.57 1.65 0.44 62.7 7.13 1.42 0.46 C 0.81 0.43 0.50 1.56 0.41 61.0 7.22 1.38 0.49 D 0.83 0.36 0.54 1.40 0.32 72.6 6.86 1.64 0.56 E 0.80 0.40 0.51 1.52 0.41 72.2 6.65 1.63 0.59 Table IV. Chemical composition analysis of finished products ( b) Na Cu Mn Zn Fe B Trichoderma % mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg Spore / g A 0.25 3.79 77.3 26.4 361 3.11 2.3xl06 · 2 B 0.26 3.82 83.6 32.1 365 3.80 3.5xl06·3 C 0.22 3.76 84.0 36.3 378 3.55 6.7xl05·6 D 0.24 3.18 81.7 21,7 339 3.16 7.0xl05·9 E 0.19 3.15 90.1 27.2 298 3.33 8.1xl061 14 1309552 Next, the germination rate and germination rate index of the finished product (GRi) analysis results show that (Table 5), the germination rate and germination rate index (GRI) of the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium of the present invention and the imported peat medium are not significantly different. It is shown that the chemical characteristics of the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium of the present invention are quite stable, and the germination rate and the germination rate index (GRI) are relatively high. Therefore, the quality of the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium of the present invention is not inferior to that of the imported mud anodial medium, which has the potential to replace the imported peat medium. .

Analysis of germination rate and germination rate index (qRI) of 尧 尧 J Jig _ _ ϊΐϊ ϊΐϊ - - 率 % % % 发芽 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型 新型Medium B 98.6a 93.1a New medium C l〇〇a 98.6a New medium D l〇〇ai〇〇a New medium E l〇〇a 94.4a Peat medium l〇〇a 98.6a Lettuce cabbage 88.1a 0.99a 89.7 a 0.97a 90.3a l.〇〇a 94.4a 0.98a 89.6a 0.98a 95.8a l.〇〇a 〇蓝〇.85a 〇.82a 〇.92a 〇.90a 〇.84a 〇.87a 1 germination rate = 100xN /S, germination rate index (GRI) = S(n/D)/S » Lettuce 〇.67a 0.72a 〇.78a 〇.77a 0.72a 〇.7〇a

s is the total number of seeds tested. N is the total number of germinating seeds. D is the time (in days) for calculating the number of germinating seeds each time. η is the number of germinations at the time of the Dth calculation. Significant level 2' indicates the same English letter in the same line, representing less than 5% using Duncan's multivariate domain analysis. Example 3: Benefits of vegetable and fruit cultivation medium This example uses the vegetable-fruit cultivation medium of the example-introduction The test, the following are the small courgette, Xiaofan ^ and cantaloupe for the test ^ (1) courgette test 豕. 15 1309552 The small courgette test area is set up in Caotun Town, Nantou County. The results of the survey on the fertility and yield of the small courgettes (Table 6) show that the stems of the small courgettes treated by the new vegetable and fruit cultivation medium are shorter and the stems are thicker. The height is slightly shorter, so the appearance shows that the plants are thicker. Among them, the yield of courgettes was 5.8 9 kg/m2 in the new vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, which was 17% higher than that of imported peat (control). Table 6. Effect of vegetable and vegetable cultivation medium and imported peat medium on the growth and yield of courgettes of the present invention Medium type plant south ^cm) Plant height 2 (cm) Plant diameter 2 (cm) 茱 see 2 (cm) Yield (kg/ M2) Index (%) New medium 35.7 92.3 2.26 22.3 5.89 117 Peat medium 38.2 97.5 1.96 23.6 5.03 100 h After planting 20th. 35th after planting. (2) The small tomato and small tomato test area was set up in Puli Town, Nantou County. The results of the survey on the growth traits and yield of small tomatoes (Table 7) showed that the yield of small tomato was 3.38 kg/m2 in the new vegetable and fruit cultivation medium, and imported peat ( Compared with the treatment of 3.21 kg/m2, the yield increased by 5%. Table 7. Effect of the vegetable and vegetable cultivation medium and the imported peat medium on the growth and yield of small tomatoes of the present invention Medium type strains of plant south ^cm) strain and 2 (〇m) strain two 3 (cm) yield (kg/m2) index (%) New medium 46.1 103 162 3.38 105 Peat medium 44.7 105 168 3.21 100 h after planting 22nd. 2' 38th after planting. 3. The 55th day after planting. (3) Melon 16 1309552 The melon test area was set up in Dacun Township, Changhua County. The results of the survey on the growth characteristics and yield of melon showed (Table 8). The yield of melon was treated in the new vegetable and fruit cultivation medium to 3_27 kg/m2, compared with imported peat (control). Compared with the treatment of 2.86 kg/m2, the yield increased by 14%. Table 8. Effect of new vegetable and fruit cultivation medium and imported peat medium on growth and yield of melon. Medium type Zhunan' (cm) Strain 2 (cm) Yield (kg/m2) Index (%) New medium 54.1 147 3.27 114 Peat medium 52.6 135 2.86 100 h after planting, 26th 2 2, 47th post-planting. In summary, the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium of the present invention utilizes the method of inoculating beneficial microorganisms to stabilize the chemical composition and uniform physical properties of the organic medium material, thereby promoting the decomposition of the organic material, reducing the odor generation and stabilizing the content of the components in the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium products. It can stably increase the number of beneficial bacteria in vegetable and fruit cultivation medium products. The method for preparing the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium of the invention can accelerate the decomposing of the organic material and reach a certain quality standard, reduce the production time and reduce the manufacturing cost of the vegetable and fruit cultivation medium. While the present invention has been described above in terms of the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and any one skilled in the art does not depart from the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art can make the spirit and scope of the present invention. The need to change and modify the aspect of the present invention is also included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention. [Simple description of the figure] No [component symbol description] None

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Claims (1)

In the year of the last month, the repair (east) is replacement page 1309552 X. Patent application scope: 1. A vegetable and fruit cultivation medium comprising: a medium material; a beneficial microorganism; wherein the beneficial microorganism is a Trichoderma strain (sp.); the conductivity of the medium material is 0.2 dS/m to 1.5 dS/m. 2. The medium of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material is an organic material. 3. The medium of claim 1, wherein the medium material comprises waste wood chips, rice husks or mixtures thereof. 4. The medium of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material has a conductivity of from 0.3 dS/m to 1.4 dS/m. 5. The medium of claim 4, wherein the dielectric material has a conductivity of 1 dS/m. 6. A method for producing a vegetable and vegetable cultivation medium, comprising the steps of: providing a medium material; and extracting the inoculum of the strain of Trichoderma sp.) with water to form a bacterial suspension; mixing the bacterial suspension with the medium material; adjusting the medium The moisture content of the material is 50-60%; and the stacking is performed until the compost is decomposed; wherein the dielectric material has a conductivity of 0.2 to 1.5 dS/m. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the dielectric material is an organic material. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic material comprises waste wood chips, rice husks or mixtures thereof. The method of claim 8, wherein the dielectric material has a conductivity of 0.3 to 1.4 dS/m. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dielectric material has a conductivity of 1 dS/m. 20