1266821 玖、發明說明：1266821 玖, invention description:
【明所屬^^技領域；J 發明領域 本發明是關於一種承重壁及使用該承重壁之鋼骨屋， 5 包含將型鋼框組成矩形狀而形成之鋼骨框體，以及固定於 該鋼骨框體之構造用面材。 發明背景 以往就有包食將型鋼框組成矩形狀而形成之鋼骨框 10 體，以及固定於該鋼骨框體之構造用面材的承重壁（參照特 開2001-55807號公報）。 該承重壁係依據通常之框組壁工法(2χ4工法），藉薄板 輕篁型鋼構成壁構造之框體者。而且，通常使用9mm厚度 之木質合板作為構造用面板。 15 另外，已有使用如此之承重壁構成鋼骨屋。 但是，在無法充分配置承重壁之建築物等中要求承重 壁高強度化時，使用前述木質合板之承重壁，很難充分地 得到其耐震特性。亦即，很難得到滿足依據建築基準法以 中規模地震為對象之1次設計（容許應力度設計），及以大規 2〇模地震為對象之2次設計(含有承重設計)之剪斷強度特性。 前述1次設計係如承重壁因中規模地震而不受損壞之 設計，而前述2次設計係在大規模地震時吸收震動能源防止 建築物的倒塌之設計。 亦即，要求剪斷強度與震動能源的吸收性。 5 1266821 另外，1次設計、2次設計所要求之值會因種種的條件 而不同。1次設計所要求之值係依建築物的形狀與選定地點 條件來決定，而2次設計所要求之值係受構造用面材之特性 所支配。而且，當使用具有構造用面材屈服後，幾乎沒有 5 顯著的承重上升或承重下降，且面材屈服後也充分變形 (剪斷變形角0.03rad)之特性的面材時，2次設計之值為1次設 計之值的約1.5倍。 亦即，使用具有如此特性之面材時，例如，如第11圖 所顯示，在顯示施加於承重壁之負載與因此產生之剪斷變 10 形角的關係之圖表中，點P、點Q所顯示之值，係分別在1 次設計、2次設計時所要求之值(參照實施例3)。 然而，在使用木質合板作為前述構造用面材的情形，2 次設計之要求值增大為1次設計之要求值的大約2.0倍，且 必須滿足這個條件。 15 此時，藉由使用厚度增大為12mm之木質合板以構成承 重壁，可以滿足前述1次設計、2次設計。但是，在此情形 下，承重壁的最大承重雖變為最大，不過仍需要可以充分 承受相當於該最大承重之負載之鋼骨框體與錨定螺栓、及 金屬夾具等之固定具等。此乃因為依據建築基準法規定了 20 可以因應構造用面材的最大承重之框體與固定具等的強度 之故。因此，在此情形下，存在著有連帶使成本上升之問 題。 因此，前述承重壁的負載-變形曲線係，如第11圖之曲 線L0所示，通過前述1次設計之要求值並且達到2次設計之 1266821 要求值後，在承重不變化之狀態下持續變形者，且以前述2 次設計之要求值不要太大（1次設計之要求值的約1.5倍)者 較理想，以下稱此等為「理想曲線」。 反之，藉實現類似於此種理想曲線之負載-變形曲線， 5 應可以確保剪斷強度、確保震動能源吸收性及實現低成本。 【發明内容】 發明概要 本發明係鑒於諸習知之問題點而研發者，其目的在於 提供一種剪斷強度優良，可以充分吸收震動能源且便宜之 10 承重壁，及使用該承重壁之鋼骨屋。 第1發明係一種承重壁，包含：鋼骨框體，係將型鋼框 組成矩形狀而形成；以及構造用面材，係固定於該鋼骨框 體。 又’前述構造用面材係由一水泥板構成，該水泥板係 15使水泥系無機材料、含石夕酸物質、輕量骨材與補強纖維分 散於水中作成泥漿，並將該泥漿抄漿脫水而成形為單層 墊，再將該單層墊繞捲成製作捲軸，並積層多數層到成為 預定之厚度以形成積層墊後，將前述製作捲軸切離該積層 塾’接著沖壓成形以製作壓製墊，再藉硬化養護該壓製墊 20所得到者（申請專利範圍第1項）。 其次，針對本發明之作用效果加以說明。 前述構造用面材，由於是將前述輕量骨材及補強纖維 混合於原料，所以可以使前述單層墊平均每—層的強度提 昇。 1266821 另外，前述構造用面材係，如前所述，藉積層單層墊 形成之基層墊所得到者。亦即，前述構造用面材，由於形 成層狀，所以剪斷強度、韌性優良。 如此，以前述之原料及方法所得到之水泥板所形成之 5 前述構造用面材，可具有充分之剪斷強度，並且具有充分 之韌性。 前述承重壁，由於係將剪斷強度及韌性優良之構造用 面材固定於前述鋼骨框體，故具有充分之剪斷強度及韌 性。而且前述承重壁，由於韋刃性優良故可以做比較大的彎 10 曲，且可以充分吸收所輸入之震動能源。 另外，由前述水泥板所形成之構造用面材，例如藉適 當調整前述積層墊形成時之積層數與板厚，可以將最大承 重調整至必要充分的大小。亦即，可以防止最大承重過大， 且可以防止發生必須將前述鋼骨框體與錨定螺栓、金屬夾 15 具等之固定具等之強度極端地增大的情形。因此，可以得 到便宜之承重壁及構造體。 另外，藉前述之構造，關於前述承重壁的負載-變形曲 線，也可以做成類似於前述之理想曲線(參照第11圖之曲線 L0)(參照實施例3)。特別是，藉適當調整前述積層墊形成時 20 之積層數，可以使承重壁的負載-變形曲線接近於前述理想 曲線。 如上，依據本發明可以提供一種剪斷強度優良、可以 充分吸收震動能源且便宜之承重壁。 第2發明係一種鋼骨屋，包含：鋼骨框體，係將型鋼框 1266821 組成矩形狀而形成；以及承重壁，係由固定於該鋼骨框體 之構造用面材所形成。 又，前述構造用面材係由一水泥板構成，該水泥板係 使水泥系無機材料、含矽酸物質、輕量骨材與補強纖維分 5 散於水中作成泥漿，並將該泥漿抄漿脫水而成形為單層 塾，再將該單層墊繞捲成製作捲軸，並積層多數層到成為 預定之厚度以形成積層墊後，將前述製作捲軸切離該積層 墊，接著沖壓成形以製作壓製墊，再藉硬化養護該壓製墊 所得到者（申請專利範圍第2項）。 10 本鋼骨屋，係由可以實現類似於前述之理想曲線（第11 圖的曲線L 0)之負載-變形曲線之承重壁所形成（參照實施例 3) 可 因此，依據本發明，可以提供一種剪斷強度優良 以充分的吸收震動能源且便宜之鋼骨屋。 15 圖式簡單說明 第1圖為實施例1中，承重壁的正面圖。 第2圖為實施例1中，承重壁的側面圖。 第3圖為實施例1中，承重壁的上面圖。 第4圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的正面圖。 20 第5圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的側面圖。 第6圖為第4圖之A-A線箭頭之截面圖。 第7圖為實施例1中，流通式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第8圖為實施例1中，鋼骨屋之一部份的透視圖。 第9圖為實施例2中，滾式之抄漿機的說明圖。 1266821 第10圖為實施例3中，剪斷試驗機的說明圖。 第11圖為實施例3中，表示各種承重壁的面内剪斷強度 特性之線圖。 【實施方式】 5較佳實施例之詳細說明 前述第1之發明（申請專利第1項）或第2之發明（申請專 利第2之發明）中，可以使用例如使用厚度〇8〜16mm的薄 板之薄板輕量型鋼作為前述型鋼。 另外’前述水泥系無機材料，係由例如波特蘭水泥、 10高爐爐渣、飛灰水泥、矽水泥、高鋁水泥、白色水泥等選 擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述含矽酸物質，係由例如爐渣、飛灰、矽砂、矽石 私石夕氣、石夕澡土等選擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述輕量骨材，係由珠層鐵、蛭石、矽木骨架、水泥 15板之廢材粉碎物等選擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述補強纖維，係由例如木質紙漿(NUKP、NBKP、 LUKP LBKP專）、木粉、木質纖維束等之木質補強纖維、 聚丙烯纖維、維尼綸纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維等之合成補強 纖維、海泡石、矽灰石等之礦物補強纖維等選擇一種或二 20 種以上所形成。 另外，當製作前述泥漿時，除了前述水泥系無機材料、 含矽酸物質、輕量骨材、補強纖維之外，亦可使例如曱酸 鈣、硫酸鋁等之硬化促進劑、石臘、臘、表面活性劑等之 防水劑與排水劑等分散於其中。 1266821 構造用面材3。 另外，使用厚度約1.0mm程度之薄板之薄板輕量型 鋼，作為前述型鋼21。而且，如第5圖、第6圖所示，使用 截面略呈C字形狀之C型鋼，作為前述鋼骨框體2之上下方 5 向之縱材211，使用截面略呈口字狀之薄型鋼，作為左右方 向之橫材212。 另外，如第4圖、第6圖所示，在前述鋼骨框體2的左右 側邊，分別配置2條背面相互重疊且藉小螺釘η固定之縱材 211 (C型鋼）。而且，在前述左右的縱材211的下方之内側， 10 固定著用以將承重壁固定於地基之金屬夾具。 另外，在關於前述鋼骨框體2的左右之大略中央部，配 設著縱材211(C型鋼）。 另外，如第5圖所示，在前述鋼骨框體2的上邊及下邊， 前述橫材212 (溝型鋼）分別配置成使其開口面相向。而且， 15該橫材212與前述縱材211，係藉小螺釘11固定著。 如第1圖〜第3圖所示，藉由將前述構造用面材3固定於 月〕述鋼月框體2的單面而得到承重壁1。亦即，使用小螺釘 12 、’ ㈤述鋼骨框體2的外形與大略相同形狀的構造用面材 固定於前述鋼骨框體2。 2〇 其★ /、夂’針對前述構造用面材3的製造方法詳細說明。 、亦即，首先，混合作為前述水泥系無機材料之波特蘭 ^ ’置〇/〇、作為前述含矽酸物質之爐渣25質量％盥播办 水泥10質蕃。/ 、 一机火 、里/°、作為前述輕量骨材之珠層鐵10質量％、你么 前述補％她^ ^ 两难、哉維之木質紙漿10質量％、及作為輕量骨材之廢 12 1266821 料ίο質量％。 使該原料混合物分散於水中，作成固形分約12質量％ 的泥漿41。 將該泥漿41投入第7圖所示流通式之抄漿機5之原料 5 箱。 該抄漿機5，係具有前述製作捲軸51、原料流動箱56、 吸氣箱57、及氈55。該氈55接觸前述製作捲軸51，並且一 面通過前述原料流動箱56的下方及前述吸氣箱57的上面， 一面循環。 10 投入前述原料箱52之泥漿41，係被供給至原料流動箱 56，由該原料流動箱56流至前述氈55上。流至氈55上之泥 漿41，藉由前述吸氣箱57吸引脫水。藉此，在氈55上形成 由較薄之原料層所形成之單層墊。 如此，形成於氈55上之單層墊，係藉繞捲於製作捲軸 15 51進行積層以形成積層墊43。而且，在積層單層塾7層份 時，藉切斷器59切斷、展開，使製作捲軸與前述積層墊43 切離。其後，沖壓成形積層墊作成沖壓墊。 在50〜80°C、溫度90〜100RH的條件下，硬化養護該 沖壓墊7小時〜30小時。 20 其後，藉進行外形加工等，得到由前述水泥板所形成 之構造用面材3。該構造用面材3為厚度10〜15mm、比重0.8 〜1.1、彎曲量8〜12mm。 另外，如第8圖所示，使用多數前述承重壁1，藉組裝 此等承重壁1，可以構築鋼骨屋6。 13 1266821 其次，針對本例之作用效果加以說明。 前述構造用面材3，由於將前述輕量骨材及補強纖維混 合於原料，所以可以使前述平均每一單層底層之強度提昇。 另外，前述構造用面材3，如第3圖所示，係藉積層單 5層墊之積廣塾所得到者。亦即，前述構造用面材3，由於形 成層狀，所以剪斷強度、韌性優良。 如此，由以如前述之原料及方法所得之水泥板所形成 之前述構造用面材3，具有充分之剪斷強度，並且具有充分 之韋刃性。 10 前述承重壁1，由於係將如此剪斷強度及韌性優良之構 造用面材3固疋於前述鋼骨框體2，所以具有充分之剪斷強 度及韌性。而且，前述承重壁丨，由於韌性優良，可以做比 車父大的彎曲，可以充分地吸收所輸入的震動能源。 另外，由前述水泥板所形成之構造用面材3，係藉適當 15地調整在前述積層墊形成時之積層數與板厚，可以將最大 承重調整至必要充分的大小。亦即，防止最大承重過大， 了以不必極端地增大前述鋼骨框體2與小螺釘11、I]等之強 度’因此，可以得到便宜的承重壁。 另外，藉前述的構造，關於前述承重壁1的負載_變形 曲線，亦可以做成類似於前述之理想曲線（第11圖之曲線 L〇)(參照實施例3)。特別是，藉適當調整前述積層墊形成時 之積層數，可以使承重壁1的負載-變形曲線接近於前述理 想曲線。 如上，若依據本例，可以提供一種剪斷性優良、且可 1266821 以充分的吸收震動能源，便宜之承重壁及鋼骨屋。 (實例2) 如第9圖所示，本例係當製造構造用面材3時，使用所 謂滾式之抄漿機50者。 5 該抄漿機50，係具有製作捲軸51、進氣箱54、及氈55 ; 該進氣箱54，係具有多數個個且配設有旋轉圓筒53。該氈 55係一面接觸於前述製作捲軸51與前述旋轉圓筒53，且一 面循環其間。 投入於前述抄漿機50的原料箱52之泥漿41，係被供給 10 至各原料進氣箱54，在前述旋轉圓筒53的外周表面被脫 水，形成較薄之原料層。該原料層被吸著於前述f€ 5 5形成 單層墊。另外，形成於前述多數之旋轉圓筒53的外周表面 之原料層，重疊在前述氈55上。 如此，形成於氈55上之單層墊，係藉繞捲於製作捲軸 15 51進行積層以形成積層墊43。而且，在積層單層墊7層份 時，藉切斷器59切斷、展開，使製作捲軸51與前述積層墊 43切離。其後，沖壓成形積層墊作成沖壓墊。 以下，以與實施例1相同之方法製造構造面用材3。 另外，其他係與實施例1相同，且亦可以依據本例得到 20 與實施例1相同之作用效果。 (實施例3) 如第11圖所示，本例係針對本發明之承重壁的面内剪 斷強度特性加以評估。 使用作為試驗體之承重壁1係顯示於實施例1者（第1 15 1266821 圖〜第3圖）。該承重壁1的外形尺寸為縱3030mm、橫 910mm。鋼骨框體2的前後寬度為92mm，構造用面材2的厚 度為12mm。 前述小螺釘12的固定位置，對前述鋼骨框體2之左右端 5 之縱材211，與上邊、下邊的橫材212，基本上間隔150mm。 另外，對配置於關於前述鋼骨框體2的左右之大略中央部之 縱材211 ’基本上，間隔為3〇〇mm。另外，小螺釘12的直徑 為 4.2mm 〇 剪斷試驗方法，係依照（財）日本建築中心一評定書 10 BCJ-LS-395「KC型鋼骨屋型式A」。 具體而δ ’如苐10圖所示，先將前述承重壁1固定於剪 斷試驗機7上。該剪斷試驗機7具有固定台71、72、可動推 壓部73、及圓间74。該固定台71、72有2個，且對向配置於 前後。該可動推壓部73係可以相對一方之固定台71移動地 15安裝於其左右方向。該圓筒74係可使該可動推壓部移動。 前述可動推壓部73沿著前述承重壁1的上邊13,朝向左 方或右方負擔負載。 藉此，前述承重壁1係變形成朝左方或右方彎曲。測定 此時之負載與剪斷變形角，並顯示兩者的關係者係如第11 20圖所示之負載-變形曲線。針對本發明之承重如之負載_變 形曲線’係賦予符號“者。在第η圖中，縱轴為以承重壁1 的左右寬度除以前述負載之值，橫軸為剪斷變形角。縱土轴 之負載係因應承重壁1的承重。 在第11圖中’予符號L0者，為前述之理想曲線。亦 16 ^266821 即7過1次設計之要求值，並且到達2次設計之要求值後， /又有變化承重之狀態，表現所謂持續變形之變形特性之 曲線。 5 ^在此，前述1次設計之要求值為ll.OKN/m，前述2次設 δ十的要求值為16.5KN/m。 如第11圖所顯示，本發明之承重壁丨之變形曲線L1，係 極類似於前述理想曲線L0。由此可瞭解到依據本發明之承 重壁1，可以確保剪斷強度、確保震動能源吸收性、及實現 低成本。 ' 1(3 (比較例） 本例係為了比較而測定了使用與本發明不同之其他種 種之構造用面材之承重壁之面内剪斷強度特性之例。實驗 方法，係如前述實施例3所述者。 比較試料1係使用一般所用之9mm木質合板作為構造 15 用面板使用之例。 比較例2係使用12.5mm石膏板作為構造用面板之例。 比較例3係使用12.5mm木質合板作為構造用面材，且 相對鋼骨框體2，將外周之小螺釘固定間隔作成乃瓜❿之 例。針對比較例3，使用了直徑4.8mm之小螺釘。 20 其他之例，係與實施例3相同。 針對比較例1、2、3測定了面内剪斷強度特性之結果， 分別顯示於第11圖之曲線L21、L22、L23。 亦即，比較試料1(曲線L21)及比較試料2(曲線L22)，係 大大地低於1次没e十及2次设计的要求值’最大承重也不充 17 1266821 分。而且，形成大大地偏離前述理想曲線L〇之負载_變形曲 線。 另外，比較試料3(曲線L23)，雖滿足1次設計及2次設 σ十之要求值’不過其最大承重極大，大大地偏離前述理想 5 曲線。 因此，變成需要可以充分承受該最大承重之鋼骨框體 與錨定螺栓、金屬夾具等之固定具等，產生所謂使成本上 升之問題。 (實例4) 1〇 本例係針對使用於本發明之承重壁之構造用面材的物 性’與其他之水泥板做比較之例。 亦即，針對實施例1所顯示之構造用面材2，測定其彎 曲ΐ與比重。彎曲量係測定破壞時之試驗體的中央部之變 位者。 15 針對彎曲量的測定，係依照JIS A 1408，使用 500x400mm、厚度12_者作為試驗體。 針對以下的比較試料4、5，亦作同樣的測定 ，作為比 較。 比較試料4係使用將適量的水加於水泥75質量％、木片 20 25%質量之混合原料，散佈於模板上，藉沖壓成形之所謂 乾式製法製造之水泥板。亦即不添加輕量骨材、補強纖維， 不是藉濕式製法所得到者。 作為比較試料5，係藉乾式製法，使用由配置於表裏層 與其間之芯材所形成之三層構造之水泥板。亦即，在水泥 18 1266821 40%質量、矽砂25質量％、木片15質量％、木粉5質量％、廢 料15質量％，加上適量之水，配上混合之原料，作為前述 表裏層，在水泥35%質量、矽砂20質量％、木質纖維束10 質量％、木粉5質量％、廢料28質量％、發泡聚乙烯2質量％， 5 加上適量之水，配上混合之原料，作為前述芯材者。 又，各試料，係分別各準備5個加以測定(η二5)。 測定的結果顯示於表1。 表1 彎曲量(mm) 比重 本發明品 8〜12 0.85 〜1.05 比較試料4 4〜6 1.00 〜1.20 比較試料5 4〜6 0.90 〜1.10 由表1可以瞭解，本發明之構造用面材彎曲量較大，比 10 重較低。由於彎曲量較大，所以前述構造用面材，可說是 韌性較高。另外，比重較低可能與震動能源的吸收性、韌 性之高低有關。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為實施例1中，承重壁的正面圖。 15 第2圖為實施例1中，承重壁的側面圖。 第3圖為實施例1中，承重壁的上面圖。 第4圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的正面圖。 第5圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的側面圖。 第6圖為第4圖之Α-Α線箭頭之截面圖。 20 第7圖為實施例1中，流通式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第8圖為實施例1中，鋼骨屋之一部份的透視圖。 19 1266821 第9圖為實施例2中， 滾式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第10圖為實施例3中 ，剪斷試驗機的說明圖。 第11圖為實施例3中 ，表示各種承重壁的面内剪斷強度 特性之線圖。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 1…承重壁 53…旋轉圓筒 2…鋼骨框體 54…進氣箱 3···構造用面材 55"·敦 5…抄漿機 56…原料流動箱 6…鋼骨屋 57…吸氣箱 11、12…小螺釘 59…切斷器 13…上邊 71、72…固定台 21…型鋼 73…可動推壓部 23…金屬夾具 74…圓筒 41…泥漿 211…縱材 43…積層塾 212…橫材 51…製作捲軸 L2卜L22、L23…曲線 20FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall and a steel-frame house using the load-bearing wall, 5 comprising a steel frame formed by forming a steel frame into a rectangular shape, and being fixed to the steel frame The surface material for the structure. [Background of the Invention] In the prior art, there is a steel frame 10 in which a steel frame is formed into a rectangular shape, and a load-bearing wall of a structural surface material fixed to the steel frame (see JP-A-2001-55807). The load-bearing wall is constructed according to the conventional frame wall method (2χ4 method), and the frame of the wall structure is formed by a thin plate of lightweight steel. Moreover, a plywood having a thickness of 9 mm is usually used as a structural panel. 15 In addition, such a load-bearing wall has been used to form a steel skeleton house. However, when the load-bearing wall is required to have high strength in a building or the like where the load-bearing wall cannot be sufficiently disposed, it is difficult to sufficiently obtain the shock-resistant characteristics of the load-bearing wall of the above-mentioned wood plywood. That is, it is difficult to obtain the first-order design (allowable stress degree design) that satisfies the medium-scale earthquake according to the building reference method, and the shear strength of the second-order design (including the load-bearing design) for the large-scale 2 model earthquake. characteristic. The above-mentioned design was such that the load-bearing wall was not damaged by the medium-scale earthquake, and the above-mentioned two-time design was designed to absorb the vibration energy during the large-scale earthquake to prevent the collapse of the building. That is, the shear strength and the absorption of the vibration energy are required. 5 1266821 In addition, the values required for one design and two designs will vary depending on various conditions. The value required for the primary design is determined by the shape of the building and the conditions of the selected location, and the values required for the secondary design are governed by the characteristics of the structural surface material. Moreover, when a surface material having a characteristic load-bearing surface material is used, and there is almost no significant load-bearing rise or load-bearing drop, and the surface material is sufficiently deformed after yielding (cutting deformation angle 0.03 rad), the design is 2 times. The value is about 1.5 times the value of the 1st design. That is, when a face material having such characteristics is used, for example, as shown in Fig. 11, in the graph showing the relationship between the load applied to the load-bearing wall and the resulting shear-off 10 angle, point P, point Q The values shown are the values required for the primary design and the secondary design (see Example 3). However, in the case where a wood plywood is used as the face material for the above-mentioned construction, the required value of the secondary design is increased to about 2.0 times the required value of the primary design, and this condition must be satisfied. At this time, by using a wood plywood having a thickness of 12 mm to form a load-bearing wall, the above-described one-time design and two-time design can be satisfied. However, in this case, although the maximum load-bearing wall has the largest load-bearing capacity, it is necessary to have a steel frame body, an anchor bolt, and a fixture such as a metal jig that can sufficiently withstand the load of the maximum load-bearing capacity. This is because the strength of the frame and fixture, which can be used for the maximum load-bearing surface material, is specified in accordance with the Building Standards Law. Therefore, in this case, there is a problem that the cost increases. Therefore, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall is as shown by the curve L0 of FIG. 11 , and after the required value of the first-time design and the required value of 1268221 of the design of 2 times, the deformation continues under the condition that the load-bearing does not change. However, it is preferable that the required value of the above-mentioned two-time design is not too large (about 1.5 times of the required value of one-time design), and hereinafter referred to as "ideal curve". Conversely, by implementing a load-deformation curve similar to this ideal curve, 5 should ensure shear strength, ensure shock energy absorption, and achieve low cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a load-bearing wall which is excellent in shear strength, can sufficiently absorb vibration energy, and is inexpensive, and a steel-frame house using the load-bearing wall. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a load-bearing wall comprising: a steel frame, which is formed by forming a steel frame into a rectangular shape; and a structural surface material fixed to the steel frame. Further, the surface material for the above-mentioned structure is composed of a cement board 15 which disperses a cement-based inorganic material, a rock-containing material, a lightweight aggregate, and a reinforcing fiber in water to form a slurry, and the slurry is pulverized. Dehydration and forming into a single layer mat, and then winding the single layer mat into a production reel, and laminating a plurality of layers to a predetermined thickness to form a laminated mat, and then cutting the production reel away from the laminated crucible' and then forming by press forming The pad is pressed, and the pressed pad 20 is cured by hardening (Patent No. 1 of the patent application). Next, the effects of the present invention will be described. In the above-mentioned structural surface material, since the lightweight aggregate and the reinforcing fiber are mixed with the raw material, the strength of each layer of the single layer mat can be increased. Further, in the above-mentioned structural surface material, as described above, the base layer mat formed by the single layer mat is obtained. In other words, since the structural surface material has a layered shape, the shear strength and toughness are excellent. Thus, the above-mentioned structural surface material formed by the cement board obtained by the above-mentioned raw materials and methods can have sufficient shear strength and have sufficient toughness. The load-bearing wall has a sufficient shear strength and toughness because the structural surface material having excellent shear strength and toughness is fixed to the steel frame. Moreover, the aforementioned load-bearing wall can make a relatively large curved curve due to the excellent edge edge property, and can fully absorb the input vibration energy. Further, the structural surface material formed of the cement board can be adjusted to a sufficient size, for example, by appropriately adjusting the number of layers and the thickness of the laminate when the laminated mat is formed. That is, it is possible to prevent the maximum load from being excessively large, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the necessity of extremely increasing the strength of the fixture such as the anchor frame, the anchor bolt, and the metal clip. Therefore, inexpensive load-bearing walls and structures can be obtained. Further, with the above configuration, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall can be made similar to the ideal curve described above (see the curve L0 of Fig. 11) (see Example 3). In particular, by appropriately adjusting the number of layers in the formation of the above-mentioned laminated mat 20, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall can be made close to the aforementioned ideal curve. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a load-bearing wall which is excellent in shear strength and which can sufficiently absorb vibration energy and is inexpensive. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a steel skeleton housing comprising: a steel frame which is formed by forming a steel frame 1266821 into a rectangular shape; and a bearing wall formed of a structural surface material fixed to the steel frame. Further, the structural surface material is composed of a cement board which is obtained by dispersing a cement-based inorganic material, a tannic acid-containing material, a lightweight aggregate and a reinforcing fiber in water to form a slurry, and slurrying the slurry. Dehydration and forming into a single layer of ruthenium, and then winding the single layer of the substrate into a production reel, and laminating a plurality of layers to a predetermined thickness to form a laminated pad, cutting the production reel away from the laminated pad, and then forming by press forming Pressing the pad, and then obtaining the pressed pad by hardening (Patent No. 2 of the patent application). 10 The steel reinforced house is formed by a load-bearing wall which can realize a load-deformation curve similar to the aforementioned ideal curve (the curve L 0 of FIG. 11) (refer to Embodiment 3). Therefore, according to the present invention, a Excellent shear strength for fully absorbing shock energy and cheap steel houses. 15 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a side view showing the load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a top view of the load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. Fig. 4 is a front elevational view showing the steel frame body in the first embodiment. 20 Fig. 5 is a side view of the steel frame body in the first embodiment. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the arrow A-A of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view of a flow-through type paper machine in the first embodiment. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a portion of the steel reinforced house in the first embodiment. Fig. 9 is an explanatory view of a roll type paper machine in the second embodiment. 1266821 Fig. 10 is an explanatory view of the shearing tester in the third embodiment. Fig. 11 is a line diagram showing the in-plane shear strength characteristics of various load-bearing walls in the third embodiment. [Embodiment] 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the first invention (Patent Application No. 1) or the second invention (Application No. 2), for example, a thin plate having a thickness of 8 to 16 mm can be used. The thin plate lightweight steel is used as the aforementioned steel. Further, the cement-based inorganic material is formed of, for example, Portland cement, 10 blast furnace slag, fly ash cement, strontium cement, high alumina cement, white cement, or the like. The ceric acid-containing substance is formed by, for example, slag, fly ash, strontium sand, vermiculite, smectite gas, stone shovel, and the like. The lightweight aggregate is formed by one or more selected from the group consisting of bead iron, vermiculite, eucalyptus skeleton, and waste material of cement 15 sheets. The reinforcing fiber is made of a wood reinforcing fiber such as wood pulp (NUKP, NBKP, LUKP LBKP), wood powder, wood fiber bundle, polypropylene fiber, vinylon fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber, etc. One or two or more kinds of mineral reinforcing fibers such as sepiolite and ash stone are selected. Further, when the slurry is prepared, in addition to the cement-based inorganic material, the phthalic acid-containing material, the lightweight aggregate, and the reinforcing fiber, a hardening accelerator such as calcium citrate or aluminum sulfate, wax, wax, or the like may be used. A water repellent, a surfactant, or the like, a surfactant, or the like is dispersed therein. 1266821 Surface material 3 for construction. Further, a thin plate lightweight steel having a thickness of about 1.0 mm is used as the above-mentioned steel 21. Further, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, a C-shaped steel having a substantially C-shaped cross section is used, and as the longitudinal member 211 of the upper and lower sides of the steel frame 2, a thin shape having a slightly cross-sectional shape is used. Steel is used as the cross member 212 in the left-right direction. Further, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, on the left and right sides of the steel frame 2, two longitudinal members 211 (C-shaped steel) whose back faces overlap each other and are fixed by screws η are disposed. Further, on the inner side of the lower side of the left and right vertical members 211, a metal jig for fixing the load-bearing wall to the foundation is fixed. Further, a longitudinal member 211 (C-shaped steel) is disposed at a substantially central portion on the right and left sides of the steel frame 2 described above. Further, as shown in Fig. 5, the horizontal members 212 (groove steels) are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the steel frame 2 so that the opening faces thereof face each other. Further, the horizontal member 212 and the longitudinal member 211 are fixed by a small screw 11. As shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the load-bearing wall 1 is obtained by fixing the structural surface material 3 to one side of the steel moon frame 2 described above. In other words, the steel frame 2 is fixed to the steel frame 2 by using the small screws 12 and (5) the outer shape of the steel frame 2 and the structural face material having substantially the same shape. 2〇 The following is a description of the method for producing the surface material 3 for construction. In other words, first, Portland® is placed as the cement-based inorganic material, and slag is used as the slag containing 25% by mass of the slag containing bismuth acid. / , one machine fire, inside / °, as the aforementioned lightweight aggregate of the bead iron 10% by mass, you add the above % ^ ^ dilemma, Wei Weizhi wood pulp 10% by mass, and as a lightweight aggregate Waste 12 1266821 Material ίο质量%. This raw material mixture was dispersed in water to prepare a slurry 41 having a solid content of about 12% by mass. This slurry 41 was put into 5 boxes of raw materials of the flow-through type paper machine 5 shown in Fig. 7. The paper machine 5 has the production reel 51, the material flow box 56, the air suction box 57, and the felt 55. The felt 55 is in contact with the production reel 51, and one side is circulated through the lower side of the raw material flow box 56 and the upper surface of the suction box 57. The slurry 41 charged into the raw material tank 52 is supplied to the raw material flow tank 56, and flows from the raw material flow tank 56 to the felt 55. The slurry 41 flowing onto the felt 55 is sucked and dehydrated by the suction box 57. Thereby, a single layer of pad formed of a thinner material layer is formed on the felt 55. Thus, the single-layer pad formed on the felt 55 is laminated on the production reel 15 51 to form a laminated pad 43. Further, when a single layer of 7 layers is laminated, the cutter 59 is cut and unfolded, and the production reel is separated from the laminated pad 43. Thereafter, the laminated mat is formed by press forming into a press pad. The stamping pad is cured and cured for 7 hours to 30 hours at 50 to 80 ° C and a temperature of 90 to 100 RH. After that, the structural surface material 3 formed of the cement board described above is obtained by performing the outer shape processing or the like. The structural face material 3 has a thickness of 10 to 15 mm, a specific gravity of 0.8 to 1.1, and a bending amount of 8 to 12 mm. Further, as shown in Fig. 8, the steel slabs 6 can be constructed by assembling the load-bearing walls 1 using a plurality of the load-bearing walls 1 described above. 13 1266821 Secondly, the effect of this example will be explained. In the structural surface material 3 described above, since the lightweight aggregate and the reinforcing fiber are mixed with the raw material, the strength of each of the average single-layer underlayers can be improved. Further, as shown in Fig. 3, the structural surface material 3 is obtained by the accumulation of a single layer of a five-layer mat. In other words, since the structural surface material 3 is formed into a layered shape, the shear strength and toughness are excellent. Thus, the above-mentioned structural face material 3 formed of the cement board obtained by the above-mentioned raw materials and methods has sufficient shear strength and has sufficient blade edge properties. In the load-bearing wall 1, the structural face material 3 having excellent shear strength and toughness is fixed to the steel frame 2, and therefore has sufficient shear strength and toughness. Further, since the load-bearing wall sill is excellent in toughness, it can be bent more than the father, and the input vibration energy can be sufficiently absorbed. Further, the structural surface material 3 formed of the cement board can be adjusted to have a sufficient thickness to be adjusted to a sufficient size by appropriately adjusting the number of layers and the thickness of the laminated mat when the laminated mat is formed. That is, it is possible to prevent the maximum load-bearing from being excessively large, so that it is not necessary to extremely increase the strength of the steel frame 2 and the screws 11, I], etc., so that an inexpensive load-bearing wall can be obtained. Further, with the above configuration, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall 1 can be made similar to the ideal curve (the curve L〇 of Fig. 11) (see Embodiment 3). In particular, by appropriately adjusting the number of layers at the time of formation of the above-mentioned laminated mat, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall 1 can be made close to the above-mentioned ideal curve. As described above, according to the present example, it is possible to provide a load-bearing wall and a steel-steel house which are excellent in shearing property and can absorb vibration energy sufficiently, and which are inexpensive. (Example 2) As shown in Fig. 9, in the present example, when the surface material 3 for construction is manufactured, the so-called roll type paper machine 50 is used. 5 The paper machine 50 has a production reel 51, an air intake box 54, and a felt 55. The air intake box 54 has a plurality of rotating cylinders 53. The felt 55 is in contact with the manufacturing reel 51 and the rotating cylinder 53, and one side is circulated therebetween. The slurry 41 supplied to the raw material tank 52 of the above-mentioned paper machine 50 is supplied 10 to each raw material air inlet box 54, and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating cylinder 53 is dehydrated to form a thin raw material layer. The raw material layer is sorbed to the aforementioned f € 5 5 to form a single layer mat. Further, a material layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of rotating cylinders 53 is superposed on the felt 55. Thus, the single-layer pad formed on the felt 55 is laminated on the production reel 15 51 to form a laminated pad 43. Further, when the laminated layer of the single layer mat is 7 layers, the cutter 59 is cut and unfolded, and the production reel 51 is separated from the laminated mat 43. Thereafter, the laminated mat is formed by press forming into a press pad. Hereinafter, the structural surface material 3 was produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In addition, the other system is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained according to the present example. (Embodiment 3) As shown in Fig. 11, this example evaluates the in-plane shear strength characteristics of the load-bearing wall of the present invention. The load-bearing wall 1 used as the test body is shown in the first embodiment (No. 1 15 1266821 to FIG. 3). The load-bearing wall 1 has an outer dimension of 3030 mm in length and 910 mm in width. The front and rear widths of the steel frame 2 were 92 mm, and the thickness of the structural face material 2 was 12 mm. The fixing position of the screw 12 is substantially 150 mm apart from the vertical member 211 of the left and right ends 5 of the steel frame 2, and the horizontal members 212 of the upper and lower sides. Further, the vertical members 211' disposed on the left and right central portions of the steel frame 2 are basically spaced apart by 3 mm. In addition, the diameter of the small screw 12 is 4.2 mm 〇 The shear test method is based on the Japanese Construction Center's assessment book 10 BCJ-LS-395 "KC type steel reinforced house type A". Specifically, as shown in Fig. 10, the load-bearing wall 1 is first fixed to the shear tester 7. This shearing tester 7 has fixed stages 71, 72, a movable pressing portion 73, and a rounded space 74. There are two fixed stages 71 and 72, and they are arranged in the front and rear. The movable pressing portion 73 can be attached to the left and right direction by the movement of the fixing base 71 with respect to one of the fixed portions 71. The cylinder 74 moves the movable pressing portion. The movable pressing portion 73 carries a load toward the left or right along the upper side 13 of the load-bearing wall 1. Thereby, the load-bearing wall 1 is deformed to be bent to the left or right. The load and shear deformation angles at this time are measured, and the relationship between the two is shown as the load-deformation curve shown in Fig. 11-20. The load-bearing_deformation curve of the present invention is given the symbol ". In the figure n, the vertical axis is the value of the left and right width of the load-bearing wall 1 divided by the load, and the horizontal axis is the shear deformation angle. The load of the earth shaft is dependent on the bearing capacity of the load-bearing wall 1. In Figure 11, the symbol L0 is the ideal curve as described above. It is also 16 ^ 266821, which is the required value of 7 times of design, and reaches the requirements of 2 designs. After the value, / there is a change bearing state, showing the curve of the deformation characteristic of the so-called continuous deformation. 5 ^ Here, the required value of the aforementioned one-time design is ll.OKN/m, and the required value of the above-mentioned two times is set to δ ten. 16.5KN/m. As shown in Fig. 11, the deformation curve L1 of the load-bearing niche of the present invention is very similar to the ideal curve L0 described above. It can be understood that the load-bearing wall 1 according to the present invention can ensure the shear strength. To ensure vibration energy absorption and low cost. '1 (Comparative example) This example measures the in-plane shear strength of the load-bearing wall using other structural surface materials different from the present invention for comparison. An example of the characteristics. The experimental method is as described above. (3) The comparative sample 1 used a 9 mm wood plywood generally used as a panel for the structure 15. The comparative example 2 used a 12.5 mm gypsum board as an example of a structural panel. Comparative Example 3 used a 12.5 mm wood plywood. As a structural surface material, the outer peripheral screw is fixed to the steel frame 2 as an example of a melon. For Comparative Example 3, a screw having a diameter of 4.8 mm is used. 20 Other examples, implementation and implementation The results of the in-plane shear strength characteristics of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 were respectively shown in the curves L21, L22, and L23 of Fig. 11. That is, the comparative sample 1 (curve L21) and the comparative sample were compared. 2 (curve L22), which is much lower than the required value of the design of the first ten or two times without the e-maximum load, and does not charge 17 1266821 points. Moreover, a load-deformation curve which greatly deviates from the aforementioned ideal curve L〇 is formed. In addition, the comparative sample 3 (curve L23) satisfies the required value of the first design and the second set σ, but the maximum load is extremely large, and greatly deviates from the ideal five curve. Therefore, it becomes necessary to fully withstand the maximum load. Steel frame The fixing of the body, the anchor bolt, the metal jig, etc., causes a problem of increasing the cost. (Example 4) 1. This example is for the physical property of the structural surface material used for the load-bearing wall of the present invention and the like. In the case of the cementitious sheet, the bending enthalpy and the specific gravity of the structural surface material 2 shown in Example 1 were measured. The amount of bending was measured for the displacement of the central portion of the test body at the time of failure. The measurement was carried out in accordance with JIS A 1408, and 500 x 400 mm and a thickness of 12 mm were used as test bodies. The same measurements were also made for the following comparative samples 4 and 5 for comparison. The comparative sample 4 was a cement board manufactured by a so-called dry method in which a suitable amount of water was added to a mixed raw material of 75 mass% of cement and 2025 mass of wood chips, which was spread on a formwork. That is to say, lightweight aggregates and reinforcing fibers are not added, and those obtained by the wet method are not obtained. As the comparative sample 5, a cement board having a three-layer structure formed of a core material disposed between the front and back layers was used by a dry method. That is, in the cement 18 1266821 40% quality, strontium sand 25 mass%, wood chips 15% by mass, wood powder 5 mass%, waste 15% by mass, plus the right amount of water, mixed with the raw materials, as the above-mentioned surface layer, 35% of cement, 20% by mass of eucalyptus, 10% by mass of wood fiber bundle, 5% by mass of wood powder, 28% by mass of waste, 2% by mass of foamed polyethylene, 5 plus appropriate amount of water, mixed with raw materials As the aforementioned core material. Further, each sample was prepared by measuring five (η 2 and 5). The results of the measurement are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Bending amount (mm) Specific gravity The product of the present invention 8 to 12 0.85 to 1.05 Comparative sample 4 4 to 6 1.00 to 1.20 Comparative sample 5 4 to 6 0.90 to 1.10 It can be understood from Table 1 that the surface material bending amount of the structure of the present invention is Larger, lower than 10. Since the amount of bending is large, the above-mentioned structural surface material can be said to have high toughness. In addition, the lower specific gravity may be related to the absorption and toughness of the vibration energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. 15 Fig. 2 is a side view of the load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a top view of the load-bearing wall in the first embodiment. Fig. 4 is a front elevational view showing the steel frame body in the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a side view showing the steel frame body in the first embodiment. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the arrowhead of the Α-Α line in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view of a flow-through type paper machine in the first embodiment. Figure 8 is a perspective view of a portion of the steel reinforced house in the first embodiment. 19 1266821 Fig. 9 is an explanatory view of a roll type paper machine in the second embodiment. Fig. 10 is an explanatory view of the shearing tester in the third embodiment. Fig. 11 is a line diagram showing the in-plane shear strength characteristics of various load-bearing walls in the third embodiment. [Main component representative symbol table of the drawing] 1...Load bearing wall 53...Rotating cylinder 2...Steel frame 54...Air box 3···Structural surface material 55"·Dong 5...Pulping machine 56...Materials Flow box 6...Steel house 57... Suction box 11, 12... Screw 59... Cutter 13... Upper side 71, 72... Fixed table 21... Profiled steel 73... Movable pressing part 23... Metal jig 74... Cylinder 41... Mud 211...longitudinal material 43...layered 塾212...transverse material 51...made reel L2, L22, L23... curve 20