玖、發明說明： L發明所屬技術領域3 發明領域 本發明是關於一種承重壁及使用該承重壁之鋼骨屋， 包含將型鋼框組成矩形狀而形成之鋼骨框體，以及固定於 該鋼骨框體之構造用面材。 發明背景 以往就有包含將型鋼框組成矩形狀而形成之鋼骨框 體，以及固定於該鋼骨框體之構造用面材的承重壁（參照特 開2001_55807號公報）。 該承重壁係依據通常之框組壁工法(2x4工法），藉薄板 輕量型鋼構成壁構造之框體者。而且，通常使用9mm厚度 之木質合板作為構造用面板。 另外，已有使用如此之承重壁構成鋼骨屋。 但是，在無法充分配置承重壁之建築物等中要求承重 壁高強度化時，使用前述木質合板之承重壁，很難充分地 得到其耐震特性。亦即，很難得到滿足依據建築基準法以 中規模地震為對象之1次設計（容許應力度設計），及以大規 模地震為對象之2次設計(含有承重設計)之剪斷強度特性。 前述1次設計係如承重壁因中規模地震而不受損壞之 汉计，而前述2次設計係在大規模地震時吸收震動能源防止 建築物的倒塌之設計。 亦即，要求與斷強度與震動能源的吸收性。 200406525 另外，1次設計、2次設計所要求之值會因種種的條件 而不同。1次設計所要求之值係依建築物的形狀與選定地點 條件來決定，而2次設計所要求之值係受構造用面材之特性 所支配。而且，當使用具有構造用面材屈服後，幾乎沒有 ‘ 5 顯著的承重上升或承重下降，且面材屈服後也充分變形 - (剪斷變形角0.03rad)之特性的面材時，2次設計之值為1次設 計之值的約1.5倍。 亦即，使用具有如此特性之面材時，例如，如第11圖 鲁 所顯示，在顯示施加於承重壁之負載與因此產生之剪斷變 10 形角的關係之圖表中，點P、點Q所顯示之值，係分別在1 次設計、2次設計時所要求之值（參照實施例3)。 然而，在使用木質合板作為前述構造用面材的情形，2 次設計之要求值增大為1次設計之要求值的大約2.0倍，且 、 必須滿足這個條件。 、 15 此時，藉由使用厚度增大為12mm之木質合板以構成承 重壁，可以滿足前述1次設計、2次設計。但是，在此情形 下，承重壁的最大承重雖變為最大，不過仍需要可以充分 承受相當於該最大承重之負載之鋼骨框體與錨定螺栓、及 金屬夾具等之固定具等。此乃因為依據建築基準法規定了 20 可以因應構造用面材的最大承重之框體與固定具等的強度 ' 之故。因此，在此情形下，存在著有連帶使成本上升之問 - 題。 因此，前述承重壁的負載-變形曲線係，如第11圖之曲 線L0所示，通過前述1次設計之要求值並且達到2次設計之 6 200406525 要求值後，在承重不變化之狀態下持續變形者，且以前述2 次設計之要求值不要太大（1次設計之要求值的約15倍）者 較理想，以下稱此等為「理想曲線」。 反之，藉實現類似於此種理想曲線之負載-變形曲線， 5應可以確保剪斷強度、確保震動能源吸收性及實現低成本。 L· ]| 發明概要 本發明係鑒於諸習知之問題點而研發者，其目的在於 提供一種剪斷強度優良，可以充分吸收震動能源且便宜之 ίο 承重壁，及使用該承重壁之鋼骨屋。 第1發明係一種承重壁，包含··鋼骨框體，係將型鋼框 組成矩形狀而形成；以及構造用面材，係固定於該鋼骨框 體。 又，前述構造用面材係由一水泥板構成，該水泥板係 15使水泥系無機材料、含矽酸物質、輕量骨材與補強纖維分 散於水中作成泥漿，並將該泥漿抄漿脫水而成形為單層 塾再將该單層塾繞捲成製作捲軸，並積層多數層到成為 預疋之厚度以形成積層塾後，將前述製作捲軸切離該積層 墊接著沖壓成形以製作壓製墊，再藉硬化養護該壓製墊 2 0所得到者（申請專利範圍第1項）。 2次，針對本發明之作用效果加以說明。 曰人'' k用面材，由於疋將前述輕量骨材及補強纖維 ;原料，所以可以使前述單層墊平均每一層的強度提 昇0 7 200406525 另外，前述構造用面材係，如前所述，藉積層單層墊 形成之基層墊所得到者。亦即，前述構造用面材，由於形 成層狀，所以剪斷強度、韌性優良。 如此，以前述之原料及方法所得到之水泥板所形成之 > 5 前述構造用面材，可具有充分之剪斷強度，並且具有充分 之韌性。 前述承重壁，由於係將剪斷強度及韌性優良之構造用 面材固定於前述鋼骨框體，故具有充分之剪斷強度及韌 春 性。而且前述承重壁，由於韋刃性優良故可以做比較大的彎 10 曲，且可以充分吸收所輸入之震動能源。 另外，由前述水泥板所形成之構造用面材，例如藉適 當調整前述積層墊形成時之積層數與板厚，可以將最大承 重調整至必要充分的大小。亦即，可以防止最大承重過大， 且可以防止發生必須將前述鋼骨框體與錨定螺栓、金屬夾 ’ 15 具等之固定具等之強度極端地增大的情形。因此，可以得 到便宜之承重壁及構造體。 另外，藉前述之構造，關於前述承重壁的負載-變形曲 ® 線，也可以做成類似於前述之理想曲線(參照第11圖之曲線 L0)(參照實施例3)。特別是，藉適當調整前述積層墊形成時 20 之積層數，可以使承重壁的負載-變形曲線接近於前述理想 ' 曲線。 _ 如上，依據本發明可以提供一種剪斷強度優良、可以 充分吸收震動能源且便宜之承重壁。 第2發明係一種鋼骨屋，包含：鋼骨框體，係將型鋼框 8 200406525 組成矩形狀而形成；以及承重壁，係由固定於該鋼骨框體 之構造用面材所形成。 又，前述構造用面材係由一水泥板構成，該水泥板係 使水泥系無機材料、含矽酸物質、輕量骨材與補強纖維分 β 5 散於水中作成泥漿，並將該泥漿抄漿脫水而成形為單層 墊，再將該單層墊繞捲成製作捲軸，並積層多數層到成為 預定之厚度以形成積層墊後，將前述製作捲軸切離該積層 墊，接著沖壓成形以製作壓製墊，再藉硬化養護該壓製墊 · 所得到者（申請專利範圍第2項）。 10 本鋼骨屋，係由可以實現類似於前述之理想曲線（第11 圖的曲線L 0)之負載-變形曲線之承重壁所形成（參照實施例 3)。 因此，依據本發明，可以提供一種剪斷強度優良、可 以充分的吸收震動能源且便宜之鋼骨屋。 ， 15 圖式簡单說明 第1圖為實施例1中，承重壁的正面圖。 第2圖為實施例1中，承重壁的側面圖。 第3圖為實施例1中，承重壁的上面圖。 第4圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的正面圖。 20 第5圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的側面圖。 ‘ 第6圖為第4圖之Α-Α線箭頭之截面圖。 - 第7圖為實施例1中，流通式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第8圖為實施例1中，鋼骨屋之一部份的透視圖。 第9圖為實施例2中，滾式之抄漿機的說明圖。 9 200406525 第10圖為實施例3中，剪斷試驗機的說明圖。 第11圖為實施例3中，表示各種承重壁的面内剪斷強度 特性之線圖。 【實施方式3 5 較佳實施例之詳細說明 前述第1之發明（申請專利第1項）或第2之發明（申請專 利第2之發明）中，可以使用例如使用厚度0.8〜1.6mm的薄 板之薄板輕量型鋼作為前述型鋼。 鲁 另外，前述水泥系無機材料，係由例如波特蘭水泥、 10 南爐爐〉查、飛灰水泥、碎水泥、而铭水泥、白色水泥等選 擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述含矽酸物質，係由例如爐渣、飛灰、矽砂、矽石 粉、矽氣、矽藻土等選擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述輕量骨材，係由珠層鐵、蛭石、矽木骨架、水泥 ' 15 板之廢材粉碎物等選擇一種或二種以上所形成。 前述補強纖維，係由例如木質紙漿(NUKP、NBKP、 LUKP、LBKP等）、木粉、木質纖維束等之木質補強纖維、 ® 聚丙烯纖維、維尼綸纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維等之合成補強 纖維、海泡石、矽灰石等之礦物補強纖維等選擇一種或二 20 種以上所形成。 _ 另外，當製作前述泥漿時，除了前述水泥系無機材料、 - 含矽酸物質、輕量骨材、補強纖維之外，亦可使例如甲酸 #5、硫酸Is等之硬化促進劑、石臘、臘、表面活性劑等之 防水劑與排水劑等分散於其中。 10 200406525 另外，前述泥漿之固形分濃度，以5〜20質量％較佳， 猎此，可以有效地得職層塾之預定厚度。在冑述濃度小 於5質量％的情形，單層墊的厚度太薄，有必要多層積^到 成為::定的厚度，生產效率有降低之虞。另一方面，“ 5過20貝垔％，單層墊的厚度太厚，脫水效率降低，積層表 面之黏著性有降低之虞。 曰又 另外，前述構造用面材，以例如厚度為1〇〜15^瓜、比 重為〇·8〜1,1、彎曲強度為8〜14N/mm2較佳。另外，前述 積層墊，以積層5〜ίο片前述單層墊較佳。 α 10 (實例1) 使用第1圖〜第8圖說明關於本發明之實施例之承重壁 及使用承重壁之鋼骨屋。 土 前述承重壁卜如第i圖〜第3圖所示，係由框組型鋼成 矩形狀形成之鋼骨框體2(第4圖〜第6圖），與固定於該鋼骨 15框體2之構造用面材所構成。 别述構造用面材3，係由如以下的做法所得到之水泥 板0 匕 百先，使水泥系無機材料與含石夕酸物質與輕量骨材與 補強纖維分散於水作泥漿41。如第7圖所示，將該泥激抄聚 2〇脫水以形成單層墊。將該單層墊繞捲至製作捲㈣，並積 層多數層到成為預定厚度為止，以形成積層塾Μ。將前述 製作捲軸51切離該積層塾43。沖壓成形該積層塾43以製^ 沖壓墊，並硬化養護該沖壓墊。 其後’藉進仃外形加工，得到由前述水泥板所形成之 200406525 構造用面材3。 另外，使用厚度約1.0mm程度之薄板之薄板輕量型 鋼，作為前述型鋼21。而且，如第5圖、第6圖所示，使用 截面略呈C字形狀之C型鋼，作為前述鋼骨框體2之上下方 ' 5 向之縱材211，使用截面略呈〕字狀之薄型鋼，作為左右方 - 向之橫材212。 另外，如第4圖、第6圖所示，在前述鋼骨框體2的左右 側邊，分別配置2條背面相互重疊且藉小螺釘11固定之縱材 _ 211 (C型鋼）。而且，在前述左右的縱材211的下方之内側， 10 固定著用以將承重壁固定於地基之金屬夾具。 另外，在關於前述鋼骨框體2的左右之大略中央部，配 設著縱材211(C型鋼）。 另外，如第5圖所示，在前述鋼骨框體2的上邊及下邊， 前述橫材212 (溝型鋼）分別配置成使其開口面相向。而且， 、 15 該橫材212與前述縱材211，係藉小螺釘11固定著。 如第1圖〜第3圖所示，藉由將前述構造用面材3固定於 前述鋼骨框體2的單面而得到承重壁1。亦即，使用小螺釘 ® 12,將前述鋼骨框體2的外形與大略相同形狀的構造用面材 3，固定於前述鋼骨框體2。 20 其次，針對前述構造用面材3的製造方法詳細說明。 ’ 亦即，首先，混合作為前述水泥系無機材料之波特蘭 _ 水泥35質量％、作為前述含矽酸物質之爐渣25質量％與飛灰 水泥1〇質量％、作為前述輕量骨材之珠層鐵10質量％、作為 前述補強纖維之木質紙漿10質量％、及作為輕量骨材之廢 12 200406525 料ίο質量％。 使該原料混合物分散於水中，作成固形分約12質量％ 的泥漿41。 將該泥漿41投入第7圖所示流通式之抄漿機5之原料 · 5箱。 - 該抄漿機5，係具有前述製作捲軸51、原料流動箱56、 吸氣箱57、及氈55。該氈55接觸前述製作捲軸51，並且一 面通過前述原料流動箱56的下方及前述吸氣箱57的上面， 鲁 一面循環。 10 投入前述原料箱52之泥漿41，係被供給至原料流動箱 56，由該原料流動箱56流至前述氈55上。流至氈55上之泥 漿41，藉由前述吸氣箱57吸引脫水。藉此，在氈55上形成 由較薄之原料層所形成之單層墊。 ' 如此，形成於氈55上之單層墊，係藉繞捲於製作捲軸 15 51進行積層以形成積層墊43。而且，在積層單層墊7層份 時，藉切斷器59切斷、展開，使製作捲軸與前述積層墊43 切離。其後，沖壓成形積層墊作成沖壓墊。 ® 在50〜80°C、溫度90〜100RH的條件下，硬化養護該 沖壓墊7小時〜30小時。 20 其後，藉進行外形加工等，得到由前述水泥板所形成 之構造用面材3。該構造用面材3為厚度10〜15mm、比重0.8 ~ 〜1 · 1、彎曲強度8〜14N/mm2。 另外，如第8圖所示，使用多數前述承重壁1，藉組裝 此等承重壁1，可以構築鋼骨屋6。 13 '、人針對本例之作用效果加以說明。 引述構k用面材3’由於將前述輕量骨材及補強纖維混 合於原料，所二可以使前述平均每一單層底層之強度提昇。 另外，前述構造用面材3，如第3圖所示，係藉積層單 層墊之積層墊所得到者。亦即，前述構造用面材3，由於形 成層狀，所以扁斷強度、韋刃性優良。 如此，由以如前述之原料及方法所得之水泥板所形成 之前述構造用面材3，具有充分之剪斷強度，並且具有充分 之韌性。 前述承重壁1，由於係將如此剪斷強度及韌性優良之構 造用面材3固定於前述鋼骨框體2，所以具有充分之剪斷強 度及韌性。而且，前述承重壁1，由於韌性優良，可以做比 較大的彎曲，可以充分地吸收所輸入的震動能源。 另外，由前述水泥板所形成之構造用面材3，係藉適當 地調整在前述積層墊形成時之積層數與板厚，可以將最大 承重調整至必要充分的大小。亦即，防止最大承重過大， 可以不必極端地增大前述鋼骨框體2與小螺釘η、12等之強 度，因此，可以得到便宜的承重壁。 另外，藉前述的構造，關於前述承重壁1的負載_變形 曲線，亦可以做成類似於前述之理想曲線（第11圖之曲線 L0)(參照實施例3)。特別是，藉適當調整前述積層墊形成時 之積層數，可以使承重壁1的負載-變形曲線接近於前述理 想曲線。 如上，若依據本例，可以提供一種剪斷性優良、且可 200406525 以充分的吸收震動能源，便宜之承重壁及鋼骨屋。 (實例2) 如第9圖所示，本例係當製造構造用面材3時，使用所 謂滾式之抄漿機50者。 · 5 該抄漿機50，係具有製作捲軸51、進氣箱54、及氈55 ; - 該進氣箱54，係具有多數個個且配設有旋轉圓筒53。該氈 55係一面接觸於前述製作捲軸51與前述旋轉圓筒53，且一 面循環其間。 鲁 投入於前述抄漿機50的原料箱52之泥漿41，係被供給 10 至各原料進氣箱54，在前述旋轉圓筒53的外周表面被脫 水，形成較薄之原料層。該原料層被吸著於前述氈55形成 單層墊。另外，形成於前述多數之旋轉圓筒53的外周表面 之原料層，重疊在前述範55上。 如此，形成於氈55上之單層墊，係藉繞捲於製作捲軸 - 15 51進行積層以形成積層墊43。而且，在積層單層塾7層份 時，藉切斷器59切斷、展開，使製作捲軸51與前述積層墊 43切離。其後，沖壓成形積層墊作成沖壓墊。 ® 以下，以與實施例1相同之方法製造構造面用材3。 另外，其他係與實施例1相同，且亦可以依據本例得到 20 與實施例1相同之作用效果。 、 (實施例3) 如第11圖所示，本例係針對本發明之承重壁的面内剪 斷強度特性加以評估。 使用作為試驗體之承重壁1係顯示於實施例1者（第1 15 200406525 圖〜第3圖）。該承重壁1的外形尺寸為縱3030mm、橫 910mm。鋼骨框體2的前後寬度為92mm，構造用面材2的厚 度為12mm。 前述小螺釘12的固定位置，對前述鋼骨框體2之左右端 5 之縱材211，與上邊、下邊的橫材212，基本上間隔150mm。 另外，對配置於關於前述鋼骨框體2的左右之大略中央部之 縱材211，基本上，間隔為3〇〇mm。另外，小螺釘12的直徑 為 4.2mm 〇 男斷試驗方法 10 15 20发明 Description of the invention: The invention belongs to the technical field of the invention 3 Field of the invention The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall and a steel-framed house using the load-bearing wall, comprising a steel-framed frame formed by forming a steel frame into a rectangular shape, and fixed to the steel-framed Surface material for frame structure. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, there has been a load-bearing wall including a steel frame formed by forming a profiled steel frame into a rectangular shape, and a structural surface material fixed to the steel frame (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001_55807). The load-bearing wall is based on the usual frame wall construction method (2x4 construction method), and the thin-walled lightweight steel is used to form the frame body of the wall structure. Furthermore, a wood plywood having a thickness of 9 mm is generally used as a structural panel. In addition, steel-frame houses have been constructed using such load-bearing walls. However, when the strength of the load-bearing wall is required in a building or the like where the load-bearing wall cannot be sufficiently arranged, it is difficult to sufficiently obtain its seismic characteristics by using the load-bearing wall of the aforementioned wood plywood. That is, it is difficult to obtain the shear strength characteristics that satisfy the primary design (allowable stress design) for medium-scale earthquakes and the secondary design (including load-bearing designs) for large-scale earthquakes according to the Building Standard Method. The first design is a design that does not damage the load-bearing wall due to a medium-scale earthquake, and the second design is a design that absorbs vibration energy to prevent the building from collapsing during a large-scale earthquake. That is, the breaking strength and the absorption of vibration energy are required. 200406525 In addition, the values required for primary design and secondary design will vary depending on various conditions. The value required for the primary design is determined by the shape of the building and the conditions of the selected location, and the value required for the secondary design is governed by the characteristics of the surface material for the structure. In addition, when using a structural surface material that yields, there is almost no '5 significant load increase or decrease, and the surface material is fully deformed after yielding-(shear deformation angle 0.03rad), twice The design value is approximately 1.5 times the value of the primary design. That is, when using a surface material having such characteristics, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, points P, points in a graph showing the relationship between the load applied to the load-bearing wall and the resulting shear deformation 10-shaped angle The values shown by Q are the values required in the primary design and the secondary design, respectively (see Example 3). However, in the case of using wood plywood as the aforementioned structural surface material, the required value of the secondary design is increased to approximately 2.0 times the required value of the primary design, and this condition must be satisfied. At this time, by using a wooden plywood with a thickness of 12 mm to form a load-bearing wall, the above primary design and secondary design can be satisfied. However, in this case, although the maximum bearing capacity of the load-bearing wall becomes the largest, a steel frame, anchor bolts, metal fixtures, and the like which can sufficiently bear a load equivalent to the maximum load are still required. This is because according to the Building Standard Law, the strength of the frame and fixtures that can support the maximum load of the surface material for construction is 20 '. Therefore, in this case, there is a problem of increasing costs. Therefore, the load-deformation curve of the aforementioned load-bearing wall, as shown by the curve L0 in FIG. 11, passes the required value of the previous primary design and reaches the required value of 6 of the secondary design. Those who are deformed and the required value of the second design is not too large (approximately 15 times the required value of the first design), which is hereinafter referred to as "ideal curve". On the contrary, by realizing a load-deformation curve similar to this ideal curve, 5 should be able to ensure shear strength, ensure vibration energy absorption, and achieve low cost. L ·] | SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention was developed in view of various conventional problems. The purpose of the invention is to provide a low-cost bearing wall with excellent shear strength, sufficient absorption of vibration energy, and a steel-framed house using the bearing wall. The first invention is a load-bearing wall, which includes a steel frame, which is formed by forming a rectangular steel frame into a rectangular shape, and a structural surface material, which is fixed to the steel frame. In addition, the structural surface material is composed of a cement board, and the cement board system 15 disperses cement-based inorganic materials, silicic acid-containing materials, lightweight aggregates, and reinforcing fibers in water to make a slurry, and the slurry is dewatered After forming into a single layer, the single layer is wound and rolled to make a reel, and a plurality of layers are laminated to a thickness that is pre-rolled to form a laminated roll. , And then harden the 20 obtained by pressing the pad (the first patent application scope). The effect of the present invention will be described twice. The surface material for "k" is used to increase the strength of each layer of the aforementioned single-layer pad because of the light weight aggregate and reinforcing fibers; 0 7 200406525 In addition, the surface material for the structure is as before As mentioned above, the base layer pad obtained by laminating a single layer pad is obtained. That is, since the surface material for a structure described above is formed into a layer, it has excellent shear strength and toughness. In this way, the above-mentioned structural surface material formed from the cement board obtained from the aforementioned raw materials and methods can have sufficient shear strength and sufficient toughness. The load-bearing wall has sufficient shear strength and toughness because the structural surface material having excellent shear strength and toughness is fixed to the aforementioned steel frame. In addition, the aforementioned load-bearing wall can make relatively large bends due to its excellent cutting edge performance, and can fully absorb the input vibration energy. In addition, for the structural surface material formed from the cement board, for example, by appropriately adjusting the number of laminates and the thickness of the laminate when the laminate is formed, the maximum load can be adjusted to a necessary and sufficient size. That is, it is possible to prevent the maximum load from being excessively large, and it is possible to prevent a situation where the strength of the aforementioned steel frame frame, anchor bolts, metal fixtures, and other fixtures must be extremely increased. Therefore, an inexpensive load-bearing wall and structure can be obtained. In addition, with the aforementioned structure, the load-deformation curve ® line of the load-bearing wall can be made similar to the aforementioned ideal curve (refer to the curve L0 in FIG. 11) (refer to Example 3). In particular, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall can be approximated to the aforementioned ideal curve by appropriately adjusting the number of layers of 20 when the aforementioned laminated pad is formed. _ As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a load-bearing wall that is excellent in shear strength, can sufficiently absorb vibration energy, and is inexpensive. The second invention is a steel-framed house including: a steel-framed frame formed by forming a rectangular steel frame 8 200406525 into a rectangular shape; and a load-bearing wall formed of a structural surface material fixed to the steel-framed frame. In addition, the structural surface material is composed of a cement board which disperses cement-based inorganic materials, silicic acid-containing materials, lightweight aggregates and reinforcing fibers β 5 in water to make a slurry. The pulp is dehydrated to form a single-layer pad, and the single-layer pad is wound and rolled to make a reel, and a plurality of layers are laminated to a predetermined thickness to form a multi-layer pad. Make a press pad, and then harden the press pad · The obtained person (the scope of patent application No. 2). 10 This steel-framed house is formed by a load-bearing wall that can realize a load-deformation curve similar to the ideal curve (the curve L 0 in Fig. 11) (see Example 3). Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an inexpensive steel frame house which has excellent shear strength, can sufficiently absorb vibration energy. 15 Brief Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a front view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. 2 is a side view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a top view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view of a steel frame in Example 1. FIG. 20 FIG. 5 is a side view of the steel frame in Example 1. FIG. ‘FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the arrow A-A of FIG. 4. -Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the circulation type pulper in the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a part of a steel frame house in Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a roll type pulper in Example 2. FIG. 9 200406525 Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a shear tester in Example 3. Fig. 11 is a graph showing in-plane shear strength characteristics of various load-bearing walls in Example 3. [Embodiment 3 5 Detailed description of the preferred embodiment In the aforementioned first invention (the first patent application) or second invention (the second patent application), for example, a sheet having a thickness of 0.8 to 1.6 mm can be used. As the foregoing, a thin plate lightweight section is used. Lu In addition, the aforementioned cement-based inorganic materials are formed by, for example, selecting one or two or more kinds of Portland Cement, 10 South Furnace> Cha, Fly Ash Cement, Crushed Cement, and Ming Cement and White Cement. The aforementioned silicic acid-containing substance is formed by selecting one or more kinds of slag, fly ash, silica sand, silica powder, silica gas, and diatomaceous earth. The aforementioned lightweight aggregate is formed by selecting one or two or more kinds of pearlite iron, vermiculite, silica wood skeleton, crushed material of cement '15 board, and the like. The aforementioned reinforcing fibers are synthesized from wood reinforcing fibers such as wood pulp (NUKP, NBKP, LUKP, LBKP, etc.), wood flour, wood fiber bundles, etc., ® polypropylene fibers, vinylon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, etc. Reinforced fiber, sepiolite, wollastonite and other mineral reinforced fibers are selected from one or two or more types. _ In addition, when making the aforementioned mud, in addition to the aforementioned cement-based inorganic materials,-silicic acid-containing substances, lightweight aggregates, and reinforcing fibers, hardening accelerators such as formic acid # 5, sulfuric acid Is, and paraffin can be used. , Wax, surfactant and other water-repellent and drainage agents are dispersed in it. 10 200406525 In addition, the solid content concentration of the aforementioned mud is preferably 5 to 20% by mass. By hunting this, it is possible to effectively obtain a predetermined thickness of the layer. In the case where the concentration is less than 5% by mass, the thickness of the single-layer pad is too thin, and it is necessary to multiply the thickness to become a predetermined thickness, which may reduce the production efficiency. On the other hand, if the thickness is over 5 to 20%, the thickness of the single-layer pad is too thick, the dehydration efficiency is reduced, and the adhesion of the laminated surface may be reduced. In addition, the thickness of the surface material for the structure is, for example, 10%. ~ 15 ^ melon, specific gravity is 0.8 ~ 1.1, flexural strength is preferably 8 ~ 14N / mm2. In addition, the above-mentioned laminated pad is preferably laminated with 5 ~ ί pieces of the aforementioned single-layered pad. Α 10 (Example 1 ) Use Figure 1 to Figure 8 to explain the bearing wall and the steel-framed house using the bearing wall according to the embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned bearing wall is shown in Figures i to 3 and is made of frame-shaped steel into a rectangle. The steel frame 2 (Figures 4 to 6) formed in a shape is composed of a structural surface material fixed to the steel frame 15 frame 2. The structural surface material 3 is described as follows: The obtained cement board was used for dispersing cement-based inorganic materials, oxalic acid-containing materials, lightweight aggregates, and reinforcing fibers in water as slurry 41. As shown in FIG. 〇 Dehydrate to form a single-layered pad. This single-layered pad is rolled up to make a roll, and a plurality of layers are laminated to a predetermined thickness to form Layer Μ. The aforementioned production reel 51 is cut away from the laminated sheet 43. The laminated sheet 43 is press-formed to make a stamping pad, and the stamping pad is hardened and cured. Thereafter, the shape of the sheet is borrowed from the above-mentioned cement board to obtain The formed 200406525 structural surface material 3. In addition, a thin steel sheet with a thickness of about 1.0 mm is used as the aforementioned section 21. Furthermore, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the cross section is slightly C-shaped. The C-shaped steel is used as the vertical material 211 in the 5 directions above and below the steel frame frame 2, and a thin steel shape with a cross section of [] shape is used as the horizontal-directional horizontal material 212. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, As shown in FIG. 6, on the left and right sides of the steel frame body 2, two longitudinal members _ 211 (C-shaped steel) with their backs overlapping each other and fixed by small screws 11 are arranged. In addition, on the left and right longitudinal members 211, A metal jig for fixing the load-bearing wall to the foundation is fixed on the inner side of the lower part. In addition, a longitudinal member 211 (C-shaped steel) is arranged at the roughly central part of the left and right sides of the steel frame 2. As shown in FIG. 5, on the upper side of the steel frame 2 and The lateral members 212 (grooved steel) are arranged so that their opening surfaces face each other. Furthermore, the lateral members 212 and the longitudinal members 211 are fixed by small screws 11. As shown in Figs. 1 to 3 As shown, the load-bearing wall 1 is obtained by fixing the structural surface material 3 to one side of the steel frame 2. That is, the shape of the steel frame 2 is substantially the same as that of the steel frame 2 by using small screws® 12. The structural surface material 3 is fixed to the steel frame 2. 20 Next, the manufacturing method of the structural surface material 3 will be described in detail. 'That is, first, Portland, which is the aforementioned cement-based inorganic material, is mixed_ 35% by mass of cement, 25% by mass of slag as the silicic acid-containing substance, 10% by mass of fly ash cement, 10% by mass of bead iron as the lightweight aggregate, 10% by mass of wood pulp as the reinforcing fiber, And as a waste of lightweight aggregates 12 200406525 mass%. This raw material mixture was dispersed in water to prepare a slurry 41 having a solid content of about 12% by mass. This slurry 41 was put into the raw material box 5 of the circulation type pulper 5 shown in FIG. 7. -The pulp machine 5 includes the production reel 51, the raw material flow box 56, the suction box 57, and the felt 55. The felt 55 contacts the production reel 51, and passes through the lower part of the raw material flow box 56 and the upper part of the suction box 57 while circulating. 10 The slurry 41 put into the raw material tank 52 is supplied to the raw material flow box 56 and flows from the raw material flow box 56 to the felt 55. The slurry 41 flowing on the felt 55 is sucked and dehydrated by the suction box 57 described above. As a result, a single-layer pad made of a thinner raw material layer is formed on the felt 55. 'In this way, the single-layered mat formed on the felt 55 is laminated by winding on the manufacturing reel 15 51 to form the laminated mat 43. Furthermore, when 7 layers of the single-layer pad are laminated, they are cut and unrolled by the cutter 59 to separate the production reel from the laminated pad 43 described above. Thereafter, the laminated pad was formed by pressing to form a pressing pad. ® The curing pad is cured and cured at 50 ~ 80 ° C and 90 ~ 100RH for 7 ~ 30 hours. 20 Thereafter, by performing external shape processing or the like, a structural surface material 3 formed of the aforementioned cement board is obtained. The structural surface material 3 has a thickness of 10 to 15 mm, a specific gravity of 0.8 to ˜1 · 1, and a bending strength of 8 to 14 N / mm 2. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of the aforementioned load-bearing walls 1 are used, and the steel-frame house 6 can be constructed by assembling these load-bearing walls 1. 13 'People explain the effect of this example. The surface material 3 'for structuring k is cited because the aforementioned lightweight aggregate and reinforcing fibers are mixed in the raw material, so that the strength of each of the aforementioned single layers can be improved. In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, the structural surface material 3 is obtained by laminating a laminated pad of a single-layer pad. That is, since the surface material 3 for a structure described above is formed in a layered form, it has excellent flattening strength and edge cutting properties. In this way, the structural surface material 3 formed from the cement board obtained by using the aforementioned raw materials and methods has sufficient shear strength and sufficient toughness. The load-bearing wall 1 has sufficient shear strength and toughness because the structural surface material 3 having such excellent shear strength and toughness is fixed to the steel frame 2. In addition, since the load-bearing wall 1 is excellent in toughness, it can be bent relatively large, and it can sufficiently absorb the input vibration energy. In addition, the structural surface material 3 formed of the cement board can adjust the maximum load to a necessary and sufficient size by appropriately adjusting the number of laminates and the thickness of the laminate when the laminate is formed. That is, it is possible to prevent the maximum load bearing from being too large, and it is not necessary to extremely increase the strength of the steel frame 2 and the small screws η, 12 and the like, so that an inexpensive load-bearing wall can be obtained. In addition, with the aforementioned structure, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall 1 can be made similar to the aforementioned ideal curve (the curve L0 in FIG. 11) (refer to Example 3). In particular, the load-deformation curve of the load-bearing wall 1 can be made close to the above-mentioned ideal curve by appropriately adjusting the number of layers when the above-mentioned layered mat is formed. As mentioned above, according to this example, it is possible to provide a load-bearing wall and a steel-framed house that are excellent in shearability and can absorb 200406525 sufficiently to absorb vibration energy. (Example 2) As shown in Fig. 9, this example uses a so-called roll-type pulper 50 when the structural surface material 3 is manufactured. · 5 The paddle machine 50 includes a production reel 51, an air inlet box 54, and a felt 55;-The air inlet box 54 has a plurality of each and is provided with a rotating cylinder 53. The felt 55 is in contact with the aforementioned production reel 51 and the aforementioned rotary cylinder 53 while being circulated therebetween. The mud 41 put into the raw material tank 52 of the pulp machine 50 is supplied to each of the raw material inlet tanks 54 and dehydrated on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary cylinder 53 to form a thin raw material layer. This raw material layer is attracted to the aforementioned felt 55 to form a single-layer mat. In addition, a raw material layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the plurality of rotating cylinders 53 is superimposed on the range 55. In this way, the single-layer pad formed on the felt 55 is laminated by winding on the manufacturing reel-15 51 to form a laminated pad 43. Furthermore, when a single layer of 7 layers is laminated, it is cut and expanded by the cutter 59 to separate the production reel 51 from the laminated pad 43. Thereafter, the laminated pad was formed by pressing to form a pressing pad. ® Hereinafter, a structural surface material 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, other systems are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same functions and effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained according to this example. (Example 3) As shown in FIG. 11, this example evaluates the in-plane shear strength characteristics of the load bearing wall of the present invention. The load-bearing wall 1 used as the test body is shown in Example 1 (No. 1 15 200406525 to Fig. 3). The external dimensions of the load-bearing wall 1 are 3030 mm in length and 910 mm in width. The front-back width of the steel frame 2 is 92 mm, and the thickness of the structural surface material 2 is 12 mm. The fixing positions of the small screws 12 are substantially 150 mm apart from the longitudinal members 211 of the left and right ends 5 of the steel frame 2 and the upper and lower transverse members 212. In addition, the vertical members 211 arranged on the left and right substantially central portions of the steel frame body 2 are basically spaced apart by 300 mm. The diameter of the small screw 12 is 4.2 mm. ○ Male break test method 10 15 20
BCJ-LS-395「KC型鋼骨屋型式A 具體而言，如第1〇圖所示，先將前述承重壁丨固定於 斷試驗機7上。該剪斷試驗機7具有固定台71、72、可動 壓部73、及圓筒74。該固定台7卜72有2個，且對向配置 該可動推壓部73係可以相對―方之固定台71移動 女裝料左右方向。該圓筒74係可使該可動推壓部移動BCJ-LS-395 "KC type steel frame house type A Specifically, as shown in Fig. 10, the aforementioned load-bearing wall 丨 is first fixed on a breaking tester 7. This cutting tester 7 has fixing tables 71, 72, The movable pressing part 73 and the cylinder 74. There are two fixed tables 7 and 72, and the movable pushing section 73 is arranged oppositely to move the women's clothing in the left-right direction relative to the square fixed table 71. The cylinder 74 The movable pressing part can be moved
錢可動推壓部73沿著前述承重 方或右方負擔貞載。 ）上扣朝向, 糟此，前述承重壁1係變形成朝左 此時之亀發方或右方穹曲。測〕 、载與羿斷變形角，並顯示兩 圖所示之自# Η / 考的關係者係如第] 形曲後，在e_L 月之承重壁1之負载^ H係賦予符號L1者。在第 、戟^ 的左右寶# ^ ㈤中，縱軸為以承重壁 右寬度除以前述負載之值，橫 里土 之負栽係因應承重壁1的承重縱車 在第Π圖中，賦予符號L0 马別述之理想曲線。亦 16 即，通過1次設計之要求值，並且到達2次設計之要求值後， 在没有變化承重之狀態’表現所謂持續變形之變形特性之 曲線。 在此，4述1次設計之要求值為11〇KN/m，前述2次設 計的要求值為16.5KN/m。 如第11圖所顯示，本發明之承重壁丨之變形曲線L1，係 極頬似於前述理想曲線L0。由此可瞭解到依據本發明之承 重壁1 ’可以確保剪斷強度、確保震動能源吸收性、及實現 低成本。 (比較例） 本例係為了比較而測定了使用與本發明不同之其他種 種之構造用面材之承重壁之面内剪斷強度特性之例。實驗 方法，係如前述實施例3所述者。 比較試料1係使用一般所用之9mm木質合板作為構造 用面板使用之例。 比較例2係使用12.5mm石膏板作為構造用面板之例。 比較例3係使用12.5mm木質合板作為構造用面材，且 相對鋼骨框體2，將外周之小螺釘固定間隔作成75mm之 例。針對比較例3，使用了直徑4.8mm之小螺釘。 其他之例，係與實施例3相同。 針對比較例1、2、3測定了面内剪斷強度特性之結果， 分別顯示於第11圖之曲線L21、L22、L23。 亦即，比較試料1(曲線L21)及比較試料2(曲線L22)，係 大大地低於1次設計及2次設計的要求值，最大承重也不充 分。而且，形成大大地偏離前述理想曲線L0之負載_變形曲 線。 另外，比較試料3(曲線L23)，雖滿足1次設計及2次設 计之要求值，不過其最大承重極大，大大地偏離前述理想 曲線。 因此，變成需要可以充分承受該最大承重之鋼骨框體 與錨定螺栓、金屬夾具等之固定具等，產生所謂使成本上 升之問題。 (實例4) 本例係針對使用於本發明之承重壁之構造用面材的物 性’與其他之水泥板做比較之例。 亦即，針對實施例1所顯示之構造用面材2,測定其彎 曲ϊ與比重。彎曲量係測定破壞時之試驗體的中央部之變 位者。 針對彎曲量的測定，係依照JIS A 1408，使用 500x400mm、厚度12mm者作為試驗體。 針對以下的比較試料4、5，亦作同樣的測定，作為比 較。 比車乂忒料4係使用將適量的水加於水泥乃質量％、木片 25%質量之混合原料，散佈於模板上，藉沖壓成形之所謂 乾式製法製造之水泥板。亦即不添加輕量骨材、補強纖維， 不是藉濕式製法所得到者。 作為比較試料5，係藉乾式製法，使用由配置於表裏層 與其間之芯材所形紅三層構造之水泥板。亦即，在水二 200406525 40%質量、矽砂25質量％、木片15質量％、木粉5質量％、廢 料15質量％，加上適量之水，配上混合之原料，作為前述 表裏層，在水泥35%質量、矽砂20質量％、木質纖維束10 質量％、木粉5質量％、廢料28質量％、發泡聚乙烯2質量％， 、 5 加上適量之水，配上混合之原料，作為前述芯材者。 · 又，各試料，係分別各準備5個加以測定(η二5)。 測定的結果顯示於表1。 表1 φ 彎曲量(mm) 比重 本發明品 8〜12 0.85 〜1.05 比較試料4 4〜6 1.00 〜1.20 比較試料5 4〜6 0.90 〜1.10 由表1可以瞭解，本發明之構造用面材彎曲量較大，比 10 重較低。由於彎曲量較大，所以前述構造用面材，可說是 韋刃性較高。另外，比重較低可能與震動能源的吸收性、韋刃 性之高低有關。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為實施例1中，承重壁的正面圖。 15 第2圖為實施例1中，承重壁的側面圖。 第3圖為實施例1中，承重壁的上面圖。 第4圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的正面圖。 第5圖為實施例1中，鋼骨框體的側面圖。 第6圖為第4圖之Α-Α線箭頭之截面圖。 20 第7圖為實施例1中，流通式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第8圖為實施例1中，鋼骨屋之一部份的透視圖。 19 200406525 第9圖為實施例2中， 滾式之抄漿機的說明圖。 第10圖為實施例3中 ，剪斷試驗機的說明圖。 第11圖為實施例3中 ，表示各種承重壁的面内剪斷強度 特性之線圖。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 1…承重壁 53…旋轉圓筒 2…鋼骨框體 54…進氣箱 3···構造用面材 55…數 5…抄漿機 56…原料流動箱 6…鋼骨屋 57…吸氣箱 11、12…小螺釘 59…切斷器 13…上邊 71、72…固定台 21…型鋼 73…可動推壓部 23…金屬夾具 74…圓筒 41…泥漿 211…縱材 43…積層塾 212…橫材 51…製作捲軸 L2卜 L22、L23···曲線The Qian movable pressing portion 73 bears the load along the load bearing side or the right side. ) The direction of the upper buckle is worse, and the aforementioned load-bearing wall 1 is deformed to the left at this time. Measure], load and breaking deformation angle, and display the relationship between ## / 考 shown in the two figures as shown in the figure], after the load on the load-bearing wall 1 in e_L month ^ H is the symbol L1. In the left and right treasure # ^ ㈤ of the first and second halves, the vertical axis is the value obtained by dividing the right width of the load-bearing wall by the aforementioned load. The load of the horizontal soil is corresponding to the load-bearing vertical car of load-bearing wall 1 in Figure Π. The symbol L0 is the ideal curve described by Ma Bie. That is, after passing the required value of the primary design and reaching the required value of the secondary design, the curve showing the so-called continuous deformation deformation characteristics is shown in a state where the load is not changed. Here, the required value of the primary design mentioned in 4 is 11 KN / m, and the required value of the previous secondary design is 16.5 KN / m. As shown in Fig. 11, the deformation curve L1 of the load bearing wall of the present invention is very similar to the aforementioned ideal curve L0. From this, it can be understood that the load-bearing wall 1 'according to the present invention can ensure the shear strength, ensure the vibration energy absorption, and achieve low cost. (Comparative example) This example is an example in which the in-plane shear strength characteristics of a load-bearing wall using a structural surface material different from the present invention were measured for comparison. The experimental method is the one described in Example 3 above. Comparative sample 1 is an example using a generally used 9 mm wood plywood as a structural panel. Comparative Example 2 is an example using a 12.5 mm gypsum board as a structural panel. Comparative Example 3 is an example in which a 12.5 mm wood plywood is used as a structural surface material, and the outer periphery of the steel frame 2 is fixed at 75 mm with a fixed interval of small screws. For Comparative Example 3, a small screw with a diameter of 4.8 mm was used. The other examples are the same as those in the third embodiment. The results of measuring the in-plane shear strength characteristics for Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are shown in the curves L21, L22, and L23 in FIG. 11, respectively. That is, Comparative Sample 1 (Curve L21) and Comparative Sample 2 (Curve L22) are significantly lower than the required values of the primary design and secondary design, and the maximum load is not sufficient. Moreover, a load-deformation curve that deviates greatly from the aforementioned ideal curve L0 is formed. In addition, Comparative Sample 3 (Curve L23) meets the requirements of the primary design and secondary design, but its maximum load is extremely large, which greatly deviates from the aforementioned ideal curve. Therefore, there is a need for a steel frame that can sufficiently withstand the maximum load, fixtures such as anchor bolts, metal jigs, and the like, which raises a problem of increasing costs. (Example 4) This example is an example for comparing the physical properties of the surface material used for the construction of the load-bearing wall of the present invention with other cement boards. That is, the bending surface and specific gravity of the structural surface material 2 shown in Example 1 were measured. The amount of deflection is measured in the center of the test body at the time of failure. The measurement of the bending amount was based on JIS A 1408, and a test piece having a thickness of 500 x 400 mm and a thickness of 12 mm was used. The following comparative samples 4 and 5 were also measured for comparison. Titanium 4 is a cement board made by the so-called dry manufacturing method, which uses a mixed amount of water added to the cement, which is mass% and wood chips, 25% by mass, to spread on the template and is formed by the so-called dry method. That is, it does not add lightweight aggregates and reinforcing fibers, and it is not obtained by the wet method. As Comparative Sample 5, a dry three-layer method was used, and a red three-layer cement board made of a core material disposed between the surface layer and the core layer was used. That is, in Water II 200406525 40% by mass, silica sand 25% by mass, wood chips 15% by mass, wood flour 5% by mass, and waste 15% by mass, plus an appropriate amount of water, combined with the mixed raw materials, as the aforementioned top and bottom layers, Add 35% by mass of cement, 20% by mass of silica sand, 10% by mass of wood fiber bundles, 5% by mass of wood flour, 28% by mass of waste, and 2% by mass of foamed polyethylene. The raw material is the core material. · For each sample, five samples were prepared and measured (η 2: 5). The measurement results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 φ Bending amount (mm) Specific gravity 8 to 12 0.85 to 1.05 Comparative sample 4 4 to 6 1.00 to 1.20 Comparative sample 5 4 to 6 0.90 to 1.10 As can be understood from Table 1, the surface material for the structure of the present invention is bent Larger amounts and lower weights than 10. Since the amount of bending is large, it can be said that the structural surface material has a high blade edge. In addition, the lower specific gravity may be related to the absorption of vibration energy and the level of cutting edge. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 is a front view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. 15 FIG. 2 is a side view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a top view of a load-bearing wall in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view of a steel frame in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view of the steel frame in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 4. 20 FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a circulation type pulper in Example 1. FIG. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a part of a steel frame house in Embodiment 1. FIG. 19 200406525 Fig. 9 is an explanatory view of a roll type pulper in Example 2. Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a shear tester in Example 3. Fig. 11 is a graph showing in-plane shear strength characteristics of various load-bearing walls in Example 3. [Representative symbols for the main components of the figure] 1 ... load-bearing wall 53 ... rotating cylinder 2 ... steel frame 54 ... intake box 3 ... surface material for construction 55 ... number 5 ... paddle machine 56 ... material flow Box 6 ... Steel frame house 57 ... Suction box 11,12 ... Small screw 59 ... Cutter 13 ... Top 71, 72 ... Fixed table 21 ... Steel 73 ... Movable pushing section 23 ... Metal clamp 74 ... Cylinder 41 ... Mudder 211 ... Longitudinal material 43 ... Laminated 塾 212 ... Lateral material 51 ... Making scroll L2, L22, L23 ...
2020