TW467990B - Method of cooling air in the under-roof spaces of buildings - Google Patents

Method of cooling air in the under-roof spaces of buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
TW467990B
TW467990B TW088101073A TW88101073A TW467990B TW 467990 B TW467990 B TW 467990B TW 088101073 A TW088101073 A TW 088101073A TW 88101073 A TW88101073 A TW 88101073A TW 467990 B TW467990 B TW 467990B
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patent application
roof
item
cement
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TW088101073A
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Rudolf Stephan
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Riva Luigi
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/02Elements
    • C04B22/04Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039Premixtures of ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/502Water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/65Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00586Roofing materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54Free-cooling systems

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

A7 B7 467990 五、發明説明(l ) 本發明涉及冷卻建築物屋頂下部空間中的空氣的方法 ,所述屋頂是平坦的並且是由非絕熱材料組成。 在我們星球的較熱區域,尤其是赤道和熱帶地區,必 須顯著地降低建築物内部空間的溫度,以使人們即使在— 天最熱的時間中也能夠在建築物中生活和工作。 有許多種能用於此種目的的空氣調節器,但是,它們 需要大量的能量,通常是電能,以維持它們全天的運行。 當我們考慮到在世界上的某些地區全年溫度都非常高 ,是不難想像為了對所有建築物提供空氣調節而帶來的巨 大能量費用》 也應強調的是,使用上述的空氣調節器導致了不應被 低估的生態問題。按照它們那樣使用大量的電能,無論如 何,它們間接地產生了大量的有害物質,並且大大地提高 了進入大氣的二氧化碳排放物的含量β 因此,本發明的問題是提供一種能解決上述問題的新 方法》 根據本發明,通過採用一種冷卻建築物屋頂下部空間 中的空氣的方法來解決該問題,所述屋頂是平坦的並且是 由非絕熱材料組成,該方法特徵在於它包括如下步驟: a) 將水、水泥、鋁粉以及選自於由沙子、礫石和類似 物組成的群組中的一種材料混合成調句的混合物; b) 將所述調勻的混合物輔開在所述屋頂上以形成一個 均勻的多孔混凝土層; c) 使所述均勻的多孔混凝土層乾燥;以及 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS ) A4祝格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本買) 訂- -ff 乂 經濟部中央榇準局貝工消費合作社印聚 4 經濟部中央襟準局員工消費合作社印製 467990 A7 _ B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 句用水浸濕所述層。 根據本發明的方法採用這種原理,即,液體從它所位 於的表面上吸收必要的能量(蒸發熱含量)以變成氣體狀態 ’從而使該表面冷卻。在這種情況下,如果所述表面是一 個建築物的屋頂’該作用足以顯著地降低屋頊下部空間的 溫度,使它們適合居住’而不需要昂貴的空氣調節裝置。 上述目的的實現不會危及建築物屋頂覆蓋層的強度, 因為通過本發明的方法獲得的多孔混凝土層具有足夠的強 度和硬度’即使在厚度只有3cm時,它也能夠順利地承受 因為維修或其它原因需要爬上屋頂的任何人的重量。 採用根據本發明的方法,用能夠吸收水的均勻的多孔 層覆蓋非絕熱屋頂(由混凝土、鋼筋混凝土或類似物組成) 是可能的。以與海綿相同的方式,該多孔層隨後以一個慢 的怪定速度逸出水,以便屋頂被冷卻很長時間。在實際中 ’房屋被建成相當於一個吸熱式的冷卻裝置。由於太陽的 輻射使得水從濕混凝土層蒸發,從而實現冷卻目的0 覆蓋屋頂的均勻混凝土層通過在初始混合物中加入金 屬銘粉而產生一個起泡反應來形成报多的孔。 根據本發明的方法可以適用於具有非絕熱材料平坦屋 項的任何類型的建築物’並且可用於冷卻作為住房、辦公 室、商店、倉庫、醫院、學校、賓館和類似物的建築物。 根據本發明的方法特別適用於—或二層建築物的冷卻 。但是,如果必要的話,它也可以與現有冷卻技術結合用 於包括二層以上的建築物。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) A4規格(210x297公釐) I 1 n I n n - - l\k^ - I (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 5 經濟部中央標率局員工消費合作社印製 ^67990 A7 _ B7_ 五、發明説明(3 ) 採用根據本發明的方法’以僅由水的消耗量決定的較 低費用來調節建築物内部空間的空氣是可能的;當與採用 現有空氣調節裝置的費用相比,本發明方法的費用是微不 足道的。 而且使用根據本發明的方法對於環境也是十分有益的 :它不產生任何類型的有毒物質或污染物,並將進入大氣 的二氧化碳的排放量降低到零〃 在本發明的一個特別優選實施例中,水泥和鋁粉按照 從10:1到20:1範圍内的重量比混合在一起。屋頂最好覆蓋 厚度在3到6cm之間的多孔混凝土層。 一旦多孔的混凝土層完全變乾後,通過定期地喷灑水 使它被水浸濕。 在另一方面,本發明涉及一種由水泥和鋁粉按照20:1 到10:1範圍内的重量比組成的預先製備的混合物,以及使 用這種預先製備的混合物來實現上.述方法。 再在另一方面,本發明涉及使用鋁粉製造多孔的混凝 土。這種鋁粉相對於水泥最好按照1:10到1:20範圍内的重 量比使用。 為了更清楚地解釋本發明,通過一個非限定性的實例 對本發明的一個優選實施例進行描述。 800公斤(Kg)矽酸鹽水泥、54公斤(Kg)鋁粉和7.2噸⑴ 沙子與水混合並被攪拌,直到獲得一種具有與現有混凝土 相同稠度的調勻混合物。 在混合的過程中,可以觀察到混合物起泡。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS )八4胡潘(210X297公釐) 6 先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -訂_ A67990 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 然後將混合物澆築在一個8 X 10m的單層樓房子的平 坦鋼筋混凝土屋頂上,以形成一個約3.5cm厚的均勻層。 一旦它完全乾後’多孔的混凝土層被喷灑水兩次,在兩次 之間有3小時的間隔’每次喷湛50升水。 按照這種方式,在多孔混凝土層的溫度被測定為60-63 °C時’可將房子内部保持在24-26。(:的恆定溫度。 採用現有技術的冷卻裝置來實現上述結果,必須裝備 四個電力冷卻裝置’每個消耗讣^!!;這些電力裝置必須 保持每天工作6小時》 下面是一個簡單的計算,它顯示了採用根據本發明的 方法來冷卻建築物的内部與普通電力空氣調節裝置相比所 取得的顯著費用節約〇 採用現有技術冷卻的每年費用: 每年的電力消耗:
3kWX6小時 X4個裝置 X365天= 26280kW lkW的費用: 0.20DM
總計: 5256.OODM 採用本發明的方法冷卻的每年費用:
每年水消耗量:0.1m3 X365天=36.5m3 lm3水的費用: 2.00DM
*總計: 73.00DM 以上數字清楚表明,使用根據本發明的方法的相關費 用大约是使用現有技術的空氣調節裝置的相關費用的七分 之一,而且上述結果是以對環境完全有益的方式獲得的, (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂
A7 d6799〇 _B7_ 五、發明説明(5 ) 沒有有毒的物質或污染物排入大氣,並且二氧化碳的排放 量為零β (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
It本- 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家操準(CNS ) A4规格(L0X297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. α6799〇 六、申請專利範圍 第圓則號專利中請”請專利範圍修正本 修正曰期:90年5月 1. 一種冷钟建築物屋頂下部空間中的空氣的方法,該屋頂 是由非絕熱材料所組成,該方法包括如下步驟: a) 將水、水泥、鋁粉以及選自於由沙子、礫石和類 似物組成的群組中的一種材料混合成調勻的混合物; b) 將該調勻的混合物鋪開在該屋頂上以形成一個 均勻的多孔混凝土層; c) 使該層乾燥;以及 d) 用水浸濕該均勾的多孔混凝土層。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該水泥和該鋁粉係 按照從10:1到20:1範圍内的重量比混合在一起。 3. 如申請專利範圍第j或2項的方法,其中該均勻的多孔混 凝土層係在3到6cm之間。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該浸溴係以預定的 時間間隔喷灑水來實現。 5. —種預先製備的混合物’其係由水泥和銘粉按照從1 〇: 1 到2 0:1範圍内的重量比所組成。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項的預先製備的混合物,係使用在 完成如申請專利範圍第1項之方法者。 7. —種鋁粉,其係以相對於水泥為從1:1 〇到i :2〇的可變重 量比範圍來使用,俾以製造如申請專利範圍第6項之預 先製備的混合物。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該屋頂是平坦的。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) J..裝------訂··----I--線(,ρ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 α6799〇 六、申請專利範圍 第圓則號專利中請”請專利範圍修正本 修正曰期:90年5月 1. 一種冷钟建築物屋頂下部空間中的空氣的方法,該屋頂 是由非絕熱材料所組成,該方法包括如下步驟: a) 將水、水泥、鋁粉以及選自於由沙子、礫石和類 似物組成的群組中的一種材料混合成調勻的混合物; b) 將該調勻的混合物鋪開在該屋頂上以形成一個 均勻的多孔混凝土層; c) 使該層乾燥;以及 d) 用水浸濕該均勾的多孔混凝土層。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該水泥和該鋁粉係 按照從10:1到20:1範圍内的重量比混合在一起。 3. 如申請專利範圍第j或2項的方法,其中該均勻的多孔混 凝土層係在3到6cm之間。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該浸溴係以預定的 時間間隔喷灑水來實現。 5. —種預先製備的混合物’其係由水泥和銘粉按照從1 〇: 1 到2 0:1範圍内的重量比所組成。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項的預先製備的混合物,係使用在 完成如申請專利範圍第1項之方法者。 7. —種鋁粉,其係以相對於水泥為從1:1 〇到i :2〇的可變重 量比範圍來使用,俾以製造如申請專利範圍第6項之預 先製備的混合物。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項的方法,其中該屋頂是平坦的。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) J..裝------訂··----I--線(,ρ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
TW088101073A 1998-01-26 1999-01-25 Method of cooling air in the under-roof spaces of buildings TW467990B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP98830033A EP0931775B1 (en) 1998-01-26 1998-01-26 Method for cooling air in the under-roof spaces of buildings

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TW467990B true TW467990B (en) 2001-12-11

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Country Link
US (1) US6367275B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0931775B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN1480607A (zh)
AR (1) AR014489A1 (zh)
AT (1) ATE203005T1 (zh)
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CN107001910B (zh) 2014-10-15 2020-12-01 王子控股株式会社 包含微细纤维素纤维的组合物
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CN108731120A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-02 南京海洛阿姆生物科技有限公司 一种空气污染治理净化装置
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IL126965A (en) 2005-12-18
BR9900142A (pt) 2001-03-20
CN1227889A (zh) 1999-09-08
EP0931775B1 (en) 2001-07-11
EP0931775A1 (en) 1999-07-28
EG21489A (en) 2001-11-28
ES2161513T3 (es) 2001-12-01
IL126965A0 (en) 1999-09-22
ZA99428B (en) 1999-07-21
PT931775E (pt) 2001-10-31
TR199802393A3 (tr) 1999-08-23
SA99200119B1 (ar) 2006-03-08
AU761232B2 (en) 2003-05-29
CN1480607A (zh) 2004-03-10
AU1321499A (en) 1999-08-12
CN1108488C (zh) 2003-05-14
DE69801095D1 (de) 2001-08-16
US6367275B1 (en) 2002-04-09
AR014489A1 (es) 2001-02-28
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DE69801095T2 (de) 2002-01-24
ATE203005T1 (de) 2001-07-15

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