TW464809B - Systems and digital computers for facilitating trade in goods and/or services - Google Patents

Systems and digital computers for facilitating trade in goods and/or services Download PDF

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TW464809B
TW464809B TW087100439A TW87100439A TW464809B TW 464809 B TW464809 B TW 464809B TW 087100439 A TW087100439 A TW 087100439A TW 87100439 A TW87100439 A TW 87100439A TW 464809 B TW464809 B TW 464809B
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purchase order
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Guy Frederick Tozzoli
Christopher James Lynch
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World Trade Ct S Ass Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/06Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/405Establishing or using transaction specific rules
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/02Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange

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  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
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Description

4648
Q A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局負Η消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(i ) 本發明係有關便利商品和服務之貿易的一種電腦系統 α 在商品之國際貿易中,買方和賣方也許彼此不認識, 或不熟習他方之法令系統。因此,在國際貿易中主要困難 之一疋確保付款,尤其是當買方或賣方是小型或中型事業 時,有問題發生則很難得到付款。習慣上,在國際貿易中 使用信用狀以轉移交易風險至較能處理這些風險之個體, 明確地說,從未知個體,例如遠方買主,轉移付款風險至 已知個體,例如本地銀行。 信用狀(L/C)通常是一種不能取消之銀行擔保,當某 些條件滿足時,其付給信用狀受益人,例如,商品賣方, 從使銀行開出信用狀之個人,例如,商品買方,之帳戶扣 除之指定總金額。 一般而言,在買方和賣方對商品交易達成協議之後, 買方指示其銀行開出付與賣方之L/c。買方銀行通知賣方 銀行已開出付與賣方之UC,且賣方銀行接受買方銀行之 保證支付。賣方銀行通知賣方已經開出—張付與他之L/C ,以及付款所需滿足之條件》通常,賣方銀行作出展現適 當文件即支付給賣方之不能取消約定。該L/c文件被視為 是賣方之資產’且可被賣方售出或支配。 賣方通常須展示用以得到付款之文件包括來自裝貨者 之提貨單、辨識購買之發貨單、適當之保險證明、來自確 認所需商品已裝運之檢驗公司之檢驗證明、外鋼執照及/ 或健康檢驗證明、以及海關人員所用之原始證明。當 本紙張尺度適用t国國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公趁) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝_ 訂 4 A7 B7 2 464809 — - 五、發明説明( 正確文件之後,賣方銀行支付給賣方,然後從胃方銀行領 取付款並且傳送所展示文件至買方銀行。接著,買方銀行 從買方得到付款6 同時,裝貨者經由運輪公司運送商品至買方處。在轉 移商品所有權至買方之前,運輸公司需展示提貨單,它們 是傳送給賣方。 買方在付款後從其銀行得到提貨單,接著買方和其經 紀人安排展示提貨單給運輸公司且運送商品至買方處。通 常,運輪公司運送商品至買方國家海關進入點之買方經紀 人處。 現在參看第1圖,其示出使用習見信用狀之國際貿易 之方塊流程圖。假設買方和賣方分別位於B國和s國。開 狀銀行是在B國銀行,其與買方同意開出付與#方之信用 狀。付款銀行是在S國之賣方習知銀行,其對賣方保證信 用狀]間銀行,它可能在B國,s國或第三國,是開狀 銀行和付款銀行雙方相信之銀行。 開始時,買方依據先前買方和賣方所結論之協議開出 購買單(箭頭1)。接著,買方到其所選開狀銀行且指示 開狀銀行開出f方㈣付款綺確認之付與賣方信用狀( 箭頭2)。信用狀可被確認、未確認或待決。在待決信用 狀中,若交易適當地進行,則待決uc終結’但是若交易 未適當地進行,則受損方提取待決L/C。 在本例中,開狀銀行與付款銀行無直接關係,所以開 狀銀行向接受開狀銀行之付款保證之令間銀行交涉(箭 ( CNS ) A4^ (~21^297^ ) ---------「/裝-- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I)
1T 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作,社印製 6 4 8 Ο 9 Α7 —______ Β7__ 五、發明説明(~ 〜 - 3 A )。中間銀行接著交涉付款銀行, 丹接跫_間銀行之 付款保證(箭頭3B)。 付款銀行接著通知賣方已開出一張付與他之l/c且展 示適當確認文件時,包括來自裝貨者之提貨單,付款銀行 將支付給賣方(箭頭4)。在此情況,亦即,假定確認Μ ,付款銀行必須支付而付與所展示之適當文件無追索權。 在其他情況,付款銀行具有追索權,亦即,付款銀行將文 件傳至開狀銀行且在支付給賣方之前從該處得到付款。 賣方完成商品之生產且與裝運者安排運送。商品經過 裝運者(箭頭5A)。裝運者運送商品至f㈣家之入口 港(箭頭5B)。 接到商品時’裝運者提供一張提貨單給賣方(箭頭6 賣方展示提貨單和其他4財件給其付款銀行以申請 L/C款項(箭頭。在辨認文件無誤之後,付款銀行支 款給賣方(箭頭7 )。
付款銀行展示文件及其付款證明給中間銀行(箭頭8A )’它將支款給付款銀行,中間銀行接著展示文件及其付 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 I--------' -1^11---.—ιΐτ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 款證明給開狀銀行(箭頭8B),開狀銀行將支款給中間 銀行。開狀銀行接著從買方得到付款並且給買方包含提貨 單之读認文件(箭頭9)。 買方將提貨單和其他必需文件給其代理人,例如經紀 商。買方代理人從震運商得到商品後,在B國完成通關手 續且安排運送商品至買方處(箭頭1〇)。該國際貿易因此 完成。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標軺cns ) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 4 6 4 8 0 9 A7 ---—. B7 五、發明説明(4 一張L/C保障賣方免受到買方不付款之風險並且對買 方而言減少其付款後收不到商品之風險》利用L/C,不付 款之風險大致由買方銀行承擔,其能評估買方不付款之風 險°賣方銀行承擔買方銀行不付款風險,那是賣方銀行所 能評估的。銀行需有費用補儐其風險和它們以L/C連繫之 花費° 一般而言’買方銀行也要求買方提供L/C之抵押擔 保物’例如現金或有價證券,或以其他方式減少買方不付 款之情況。這些銀行費用和要求是貿易上之負擔,尤其對 買方。而且,對每筆交易建立L/C之延遲也是貿易上負擔 因為L/C機構將交易分成大致獨立的契約,亦即,買 方至賣方之商品銷售契約、提貨單、和信用狀,所以問題 也倍增。 對賣方而言之困難處是其銀行通常要求所有與L/C相 關之文件必須正確地與L/C之項目符合,並且即使是由於 印刷錯誤和少量拼字錯誤也將扣留付款。這對於賣方在要 求付款時將遭受大量挫折。 另一問題是L/C持有人’即使未實際裝運商品,也可 利用正確文件得到付款。 另一問題是L/C文件本身具有價值,因此對於其保管 和確定真偽上均須花費》 不論L/C相關之商品價值如何,銀行對於一 L/C大致 均負擔相同花費。銀行之索費有時以L/C總額之百分比表 之,例如1 % »例如’假定銀行之花費是$ 1 〇,〇〇〇,銀行將 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標隼(CNS > A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _:&丨 Γ 46 48 0 9 A7 _______ B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 不願開出少於$1,〇〇〇,〇〇〇商品交易之L/C,因為這筆生意 對銀行而言是無利潤。因此’當交易商品價值太小而使L/c 之費用顯著時,希望參與國際貿易之個體將不易使用L/c 機構。 因此,本發明之一目的在提供一種防止上述先前技術 之缺點而用於商品及/或服務之貿易交易之電腦系統。 本發明之另一目的在減少關於財務貿易之花費和延遲 〇 本發明之進一步目的在提供便利商皂或服務之價值相 對小之寶易的一種電腦系統。 本發明之再另一目的在減少關於貿易交易之文件的可 能誤差。 本發明之再進一步目的在減少對於貿易交易之文件保 管之花費。 經濟部中夬標準局貝工消費合作社印製 (請先闖讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 依據本發明之一論點,一種使用資料處理系統便利貿 易之方法以及便利貿易之—種系統和一種數位電腦用以儲 存代表買方和賣方之間契約之訂購資料,輸入有關履行契 约之後績動作的後續動作資料,並且依據訂購資料決定該 後續動作資料是否滿足契約。 依據本發明之另一論點,一種使用資料處理系統便利 貿易之方法以及便利貿易之一種系統和一種數位電腦用以 儲存代表買方和食方之間契約之訂購資料,輸入有關完成 所存訂購資料所表示契約之後績動作的存入後續動作資料 之資料輸入樣板準備要求,依據訂購資料準備資料輸入樣 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準() A#規格(公釐〉 經濟部中央梯準局負工消費合作社印製 W 4 8 0 9 A7 --------- -B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 板’輪出供後續動作資料的輸入之備妥資料輸入樣板,使 用該備妥資料輸入樣板輸入後續動作資料,並且依據訂購 資料決定所輸入之後續動作資料是否滿足契約β 依據本發明之進一步論點,一種使用資料處理系統便 利貿易之方法以及便利貿易之一種系統和一種數位電腦用 以儲存一買方和一賣方之分別貿易資格的第一準則資料, 輸入代表買方和賣方之間商品或服務之一種所提購買契約 之所提訂購資料,並且決定所提訂購資料是否滿足買方和 賣方分別貿易資格之所存第一準則資料。 依據本發明之再進一步論點,一種使用資料處理系統 便利實易之方法以及便利貿易之一種系統和一種數位電腦 用以儲存包含公開和隱藏項且代表對於貿易商品或服務之 一種出價的出償資料,傳輸代表貿易出價之公開項的公開 項k料到至少一關係者,輸入來自該至少一關係者對於所 傳輸公開項資料之反應資料,以及將反應資料與出價資料 比較以產生指示該反應資料是否符合出價之公開和隱藏項 之項目符合資料。 本發明之上述和其他目的、特點和優點將可配合附圖 ,其中對應部份以相同參考符號表之,從本發明之較佳實 施例之詳細說明而明白。 第1圖是使用習見信用狀之國際貿易流程方塊圖; 第2A-2B圖是展示依據本發明之所提購買訂單之過濾 流程圖; '第3A-3C圖是展示依據本發明之裝運文件和自動付 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印裂 464809 Λ 7 _______ Β7 五、發明説明(7 ) 之過濾流程圖; -第4圖是展示依據本發明之—種貧易系統實施例的方 塊圖;以及 第5圖是進一步展示第4圖的貿易系統之方塊圖。 本發明包含便利商品和服務貿易之一種電腦系統。該 貿易系統接收來自買方、賣方、基金庫和在貿易交易中有 關之各關係者,例如,裝運商、運輸商、保險商、銀行和 類似者’之輸入並且也相對地提供輸出,如第4和5圖所 示。第4圖所示的貿易系統包含有一組申央計算設備、通 信電路以及在使用者面前之前端軟體和硬體。貿易系統的 使用者使用其本身或第三者之習用通信設備與系統溝通。 使用者也可經由其他非系統路徑,例如第三者之網路而彼 此溝通。 第5圖展示第4圖的貿易系統之進一步細節。在一組 中央設備10 ’ 一組或多組處理器2〇Α_ 2〇Ν經由匯流排3〇 與包含適當硬體例如調變解調器之通信界面4〇,儲存器5〇 ’例如至少一組碟式驅動器,以及記憶器6〇,並且可能與 處理器20Α·…20Ν之其他組通信β中央設備經由電信連接 90A....90D與遠處通信,他們是熟習本技術者所習知的電 話線路、無線電路,加值網路所提供的數據電路,或其他 通俏連接。遠方位置可以是第三者網路7〇,前方末端乃例 如具有貿易系統軟體之個人電腦,與本發明之貿易系統界 面的主機80,或者一組终端機85。 在貿易系統中所使用的指定設備在本發明中並不受嚴 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準( CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) (請先聞讀背面之注^^項再填寫本頁) 訂
L 經濟部中央搮隼局更工消费合作社印策 4 6 4 B 0 9 A7 __ B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 格限制’且熟習本技術者將容易地了解適當設備組態之變 化°構成貿易系統之設備的位置分佈在本發明中也不受嚴 格限制。此外,系統所操作的電子文件可只有包含輸入預 定樣板欄之資料,或者是形成樣板之預定欄標示和輸入資 料。 當一關係者與系統通信時,該關係者必須送入適當的 密碼。例如’搭上系統可能需要一組密碼,但只授權給使 用者進行某些功能,例如檢查狀態。欲進行其他功能,例 如輸入訂購資料,可使用另外的密碼或其他形式的安全方 式。此外,可採用一種公開按鍵安全系統,例如rSa系統 ,其中一關係者被給予一組密碼,利用該密碼可確認及/ 或编碼其電子文件至系統以及使用提出者之碼鍵從一公開 列表將文件解碼之關係者。該公開按鍵系統確保電子文件 無法被沒有密碼的人所偽造。 般而s,基金庫保證滿足基金庫預定準則的核准買· 方和賣方之間由貿易系統所處理交易之付款。本發明之貿 易系統以此處稱做過濾的—種程序確認一交易之各部份適 當地符合基金庫且可能是貿易系統所建立的準則和購買順 序’並且在適當時間產生付款指示。 有關關係人所造成的未付款風險之特定法律安排在本 發明的貿易系統並不嚴格限制。 為了使用該系統,希望做為買方和賣方的公司經過基 金庫所監視的申請程序,明確地說,基金庫建立對於可接 受的買方或賣方特性的一組或多組規定。例如,基金庫的 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家橾準(CNS ) A4規格(210Χ297公羡) I ϋ κ ί n n n .Λ 裝---- - I I f 丁 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,.648 09 鯉濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明(9 ) — ' 規定可指定例如,買方經商之最低年收入和年數做為特點 。基金庫或其代理人接著收集希望使用本發明的貿易系統 之公司的資訊,並且基金庫將所收集之資訊與其規定比較 以決定一公司是否具備可接受之特點。如果比較結果滿足 基金庫要求,則基金庫指示該公司對於貿易系統之各種會 計參數臨限,在此也稱作準則。 基金庫具有設定信用額度做為會計參數之責任。在最 簡單的情況中,該信用額度是包含所有交易之總量。在其 他情況中,基金庫可將信用額度設定為其他變數的函數, 例如商品之性質(如,易腐壞的,不易腐壞的),關係者 之曝露度(例如,交易未超過公司總共貿易系統信用額度 的50¾) ’或商品、服務或公司之原始或目的國家的曝露 度(例如,所有與一特定國家内之公司的交易不能超出該 公司之總貿易系統信用額度之80%)。其他會計準則或參 數可以是’例如,最小交易量’以及對於特定形式之商品 或服務的限制* 貿易系統行政者可將貿易系統組態成為要求有關基金 庫所核准公司之另外資訊,並且建立另外準則(例如,對 於服務貿易所需之某些文件證明)。一般而言,在基金庫 核准一公司之會計參數並且貿易系統滿意有關該公司之申 請要求之後,該公司以辨識碼、正式簽章密碼以及適當觸 取裝置之形式被准予觸取該貿易系統。將可了解,該觸取 裝置可包含軟體以及一終端機或個人電腦。 對於具有第三者網路,例如連至本發明之貿易系統的 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2丨0X297公釐) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 裝 S11 經濟部中夬標準局貝工消费合作社印掣 4 Β Ο 9 A7 ________B7 五、發明説明(10 ) -種工業網路’之電子觸取設備的公司可以有—種加速申 請程序。例如,基金庫可依據經由信用分級代理人(例如 ,Dun和BradStreet)所得到的資訊而選取建立—種即時核 准規定,ϋ且授權給貿易系統對於具有滿足即時核准規定 之準則的信用分級資訊之任何公司馬上地設定某些會計參 數。對於經由快速申請程序取得貿易系統之觸取權的公司 可在隨後收集其另外資訊。 在得到系統之觸取權之後,買方可下訂單經由該系統 從一個或多個賣方購買商品(以資料輸入之形式)。各購 買訂單形成-種電子文件並且至少包含_些項目,例如, 商品之說明、價格、數量、以及運送時間和安排。貿易系 統之處理器20Α....20Ν之適當一組將買方所提購買訂單與 存在儲存器50或記憶器60之買方預先建立會計參數或準則 比較以查看是否有任何未決活動,例如未決之購買訂單’ 它在此被稱做‘‘過濾”購買訂單。換言之,該系統進行一 種風險評估功能。 在某些實施例中,一賣方可將一提供物置於該系統上 ,亦即,廣告選定銷售項目的商品或服務。該系統允許賣 方在提供物中包含公開和隱藏項目,它們被儲存在儲存器 50或I己憶器60。系统只將提供物旳公開項目傳輪至選定的 買方,而保留隱藏項目。被選定的買方輸入購買的出價而 做為反應。貝方以下列一種或多種方式被選定:賣方將其 提供物置於可觸取該系統之所有關係者能觸取的電子佈告 板上;該系統參考具有某些特點的買方之預存列表,例如 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐〉 (請先閲讀背面之注^!^項再填寫本頁) -装 、-ιτ A7 B7 五、 發明説明(η ) ,他們對於某些商品或服務感興趣;賣方選取其提供物應 傳輸之買方形式;並且買方指示系統告知他們具有某些特 點的賣方出價。該系統過濾買方之反應,亦即,將買方反 應與賣方之公開和隱藏項目以及買方基金庫對於買方及/ 或賣方在交易中所建立準則加以比較。依據賣方的指示, 貿易系統會將符合賣方項目之所有買方出價且受基金保證 者傳至賣方,或者自動的接受一買方之出價,例如,符合 賣方項目之第-買方出價,或者在一預定時期内所接收到 最佳價格之買方出償。—種購買定單之竜子議價例子是賣 方可對於一選定項目指示系統接受最佳買方出價。 雖然各買方也許並不熟知於賣方,因為他們的出價包 含來自基金庫的付款保證,賣方也願意與此種不熟悉的買 方貿易》 在某些其他實施例中,一買方可將包含公開項目的提 出價’亦即’買之出價,置於系統上。買方之出價也許 包含各賣方不知但系統知道的隱藏項目β系統將出價的公 開項目傳輸至選定的賣方,他們以販售出價加以反應,它 們被貿易系統與買方的公開和隱藏項目以及買方基金庫對 於買方及/或賣方針對—S易所建立的準則加以比較而被 過滅。賣方以下列-種或多種方式被選定:f方將其出價 置於可觸取系統之所有關係者能觸取之電子佈告板上:系 統參考具有某些特點之賣方預存列表例如,那些願意供 應某些商品或服務者;買方選取其出價應被傳輸至的賣方 形態’並且賣方指不系統告知他們具有某些特點的買方 •'1-Ί . n n t— n —i n - 1J ^ n ί I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作社印策 4648〇9 A7 B7 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(12) 價。依據買方的指示,該系統將符合買方項目且其基金受 保證的所有賣方出價傳輸至買方,或自動地接受賣方之第 一或最符合出價。一種購買訂單的電子議償之例子是買方 可指示系統接受有關一選定項目之最佳賣方出價。 如果購買訂單符合基金庫準則以及貿易系統所加的任 何準則,則當賣方符合某些條件時,例如,由賣方裝運商 品,貿易系統將代表基金庫產生付款之保證。本發明的貿 易系統對於基金庫之一優點是貿易系統達成所有電子文件 核對功能,所以基金庫無此負擔。 在某些實施例令,在代表基金庫產生付款保證之前, 系統針對準則或賣方預定參數過濾購買訂單資料。在第5 圖的實施例中’這功能被處理器20A. 20N之適當一組所 達成H參數可以是,例如,製造量,或者例如總共待 决訂單之仏用額度,或者依據產品形式或買方國家之待決 訂單,或者是否符合驗證規格標準如180 9000,或貿易系 統所知有關賣方之表現紀錄β當所提購買訂單符合過遽準 則時’貿易系統將睛買訂單以資料形式傳給賣方並且具有 基金庫付款保證之指示,最好是使用電子郵箱形式設備。 在第5圖的實施例中,此功能是使用儲存器50或記憶器6〇 ,通信界面40,適當的電信連接9〇八9〇D,以及在,例 如,前方終端75操作的可能貿易系統软體而以至少一組處 理器20A….20N所達成。 若所提出的購買訂單不符合過濾準則,買方可修改其 項目’或者’在某些情況中,買方可指示f易系統將 本紙崎通用中 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ;裝: 訂 15 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 4648 0 9 A7 ________B7 五、發明説明(U ) 給方而不具有基金庫之付款保證並且關係者可選擇使用 其他非系統路徑做為付款保證而繼續交易,並且使用系統 做為文件經理人。 賣方可接受或拒絕所提之購買訂單或提出對於項目之 修正。亦即,貿易系統允許購買訂單之項目的電子議價, 並且在各議價步驟中使用至少一組處理器20尤20N過濾 所提出之購買訂單以評估是否符合儲存在儲存器50或記憶 器60的準則或預定參數並且建立審核追踪以及確定符合基 金庫付款保證的參數。 在買方所提購買訂單被一賣方接受之後,貿易系統將 之轉換成為一種實際或原始的購買訂單,將之以購買訂單 資料儲存在儲存器50及/或記憶器60,更動儲存在儲存器 50之買方和賣方之會計資料,通知基金庫並且隨後可容易 地針對原始購買訂單資料過濾代表後續動作之資料。將可 了解,購買訂單可依買方或賣方之需求而被修改或取消。 事實上,關於原始鱗買訂單的後績動作是經由系統的 引導,亦即,系統提供具有來自所存購買訂單電子文件之 欄的後續購買訂單補充文件之資料樣板,接受具有附加及 /或廢棄資料的資料樣板,並且針對原始購買訂單’如同 最近活動所調整,過濾所完成的樣板,也稱做草擬電子文 件以便確疋其保持符合項目和條件。該系統允許講買訂 單項目之修改。由於購買訂單是由一個或多個傳送者或轉 譯服務所填入,貿易系統調整會計參數以反應購買訂單之 其餘未決部份。 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐} I-I ,訂------f > — ί _^_„___^^_ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本育) 經濟部中央樣準局员工消費合作社印製 464809 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(14 ) 該樣板可由處理器20Α·_.·20Ν所產生且傳至遠處,或 由在前方終端75或主機80之處操作的貿易系統軟體所產生 。貞易系統將資料置放在樣板的適當爛内,此等資料被儲 存在儲存器50内並且也可被置放在前方終端75或主機8〇的 區域性儲存器内。樣板的過遽可被分配經過中央設備1 〇和 遠處,或中央設備10可負責整個的過濾。 賣方從系統得到一特出購買訂單之某些電子運送文件 的樣板*賣方輸入在樣板中所需資料以產生裝運文件,例 如,裝運指示和商用發貨單。該系統接著利用處理器 20 Α.…20Ν過渡裝運文件以確定符合原始購買訂單和基金 庫及/或系統之準則並且電子式將裝運文件傳至運輸者或 裝貨者’其接著選擇一運輸公司。 在某些情況中’賣方直接傳輸至運輸公司。如果賣方 在系統之外已提供裝運指示給運輸者,例如’以電話聯絡 1則運輸公司將裝運指令之相關部份輸入至系統以便產生 確認文件,例如,提貨單》 賣方將其商品送至運輸公司並且伴隨著來自系統所提 供樣板之賣方電子式準備的裝運文件紙張影本。 系統也將電子裝運文件傳至運輸公司並且允許運輸公 司知到某些提貨單的樣板,其中各攔依據所儲存睛買訂單 資料和任何後續動作而填寫。這樣板,被運輸公司所完成 ’利用處理器20Α....20Ν加以過濾以確保符合原始購買訂 單和裝運文件。相似地,樣板也提供做為保險證明的電子 輸入和其他確認文件。或者是,貿易系統產生提貨 且 本紙張尺度賴巾關^縣(CNS )峨格(2](}><297公董) 17 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝- 經濟部中央梯準局貝工消费合作社印製 -464^^9 A7 _____ ____ B7 五、發明説明(15) 將之傳至運輸公司的電子郵箱。 系统核准提貨單’運輸公司利用輪入適當資料至系統 而確認出貨,並且其他確認文件被系統接收到。接著,系 統將適當的確認文件電子式拷貝傳至賣方、買方以及若 合適的話,買方經紀商。系統也反應在購買訂單中的特殊 情況,例如,提供列印通知,或通知其他關係者,例如, 某些事件的保險商。 運輪公司接著將商品運送至買方。 對於付款所需符合的條件可隨交易而改變。一般而言 ’預期的條件將包含經由運輸公司,它也可觸取系統,而 由裝貨商將商品出貨。 當符合付款之適當條件時,系統自動地發出一種基金 轉移命令,當基金被轉移後,系統通知適當的關係者。 若構貝訂單在出貨時要求付款,則系統傳送代表基金 轉移要求的資料至基金庫,其維持與買方之一種信用關係 。基金庫接著使用習見電子基金轉移網路代表買方轉移基 金至擁有賣方要求訂金帳戶(DDA)之銀行。或者是,系統 傳送通知賣方銀行的資料’例如,付款銀行或擁有賣方 DDA的銀行。以要求來自基金庫之付款。賣方銀行接著使 用,例如,習見信用卡網路或第三者電子文件交換(EDI) 網路,要求來自基金庫的付款。 將可了解具有賣方DDA的銀行也可經由本發明的系 統或經由其他通道而通知賣方已經轉入基金。具有賣方 DDA的銀行放款於賣方的DDA或使該基金可由賣方典用 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準{ CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂 4 ()' 4 8 0 9 A7 I—------ B7 五、發明説明(I6 ) 在買方經由貿易系統接收到代表提貨單電子文件之資 料後,買方至少具有二種選擇。買丨可將提貨單文件印出 並且將之給予買方之i里紀商,其接著將之展示給運輸公司 。或者是,買方可使用貿易系統將提貨單電子文件送回至 使用貿易系統的運輸公司。在此情況中,貿易系統將來自 買方的電子提貨單與原始購買訂單和運輸公司原先所開出 的電子提貨單加以比較而確認,並且儲存授權給運輸公司 將商品的所有權轉移給適當關係者,例如,買方經紀商, 之資料。 買方經紀商接著通知買方商品已經抵達,並且經紀商 已經將它們通關。系統提供產生且傳輸提貨單之複本之能 力。買方和其經紀商隨後安排商品之運送。 本發明的貿易系統保持追蹤未決的購買訂單,並且當 評估新的提出購買訂單時,依據相關未決購買訂單調整對 應於基金庫所建立準則之會計參數以及用於買方和賣方的 貿易系統》 經濟部中央標準局兵工消費合作社印製 因為買方或賣方在開始使用本系統時即被審查資格, 而非對每次交易,所以本發明減少關於提供一信用狀之費 用。當使用標準化購買訂單項目時,交易成本可進一步減 少。 本發明消除關於原始購買訂單之不符合文件所造成的 問題,因為該系統在文件仍然是草擬電子形式時過濾依序 文件以確訂符合原始購買訂單和基金庫及/或系統的準則 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(C1SS )八4規格(210乂 297公釐‘) 19 A7 ___________B7 五、發明説明(17) 。而且,因為文件產生時分別地與一訂單相關,且只有某 些關係者被貿易系統允許產生某些文件,所以造成錯誤付 款的可能性被減少。例如,一買方不能產生提貨單。 因為本系統對於所有使用者電子式儲存文件,所以本 發明消除習見信用狀的保管問題。 本發明對於較小交易比習見信用狀更具有成本效益, 所以曾經因為財政關係而被妨礙在某些市場發展生意的中 小型公司現在可發展其商務。 本發明減少付錢而未收到商品的買方之風險。 第2A和2B圊是展示依據本發明之一種實施例的提出 購買訂單之過濾流程圖。 在任何時間,一買方可使用本貿易系統檢查其會計參 數,例如,可使用之信用貸款,以及特出購買訂單的狀態 。例如’ 一買方可觸取貿易系統以得到下列一種會計摘要 報告:
使用者·♦買方公司 日期:3/15/94 11:05AM EDT 信用額度:100,000 (諳先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本育) .'-裝- 訂 經濟部中央梯準局男工消費合作社印製
到期金額: 25,000 所提出:30,000 待決金额: 10,000 可使用:65,000 訂購日期 金額 狀態 訂單號碼 賣 方 2/1/94 13,000 出貨 0201941 ACME ROCKET 2/10/94 12,000 出貨 0210941 SUPERIOR FITTINGS 2/15/94 10,000 待決 0215941 CONSOLIDATED LINT 3/1/94 30,000 提出 030194P BIALYSTOCK & BLOOM 20 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS > Λ4現格(210><297公董) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 464809 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(〖8) 在審視這報告之後,其可能包含詳細檢視某些購買訂單, 買方明白如果Bialystock & Bloom接受提出的購買訂單, 則可用的信用額度將成為$35,000。相似地,當Consolidated Lint將商品出貨時,買方的待決信用額度將減少$ι〇,00〇。 詳細的檢視Bialystock & Bloom購買訂單可指示出它已從 Bialystock & Bloom電子郵箱取回,但反應尚未被輸入。 詳細地檢視Consolidated Lint的購買訂單可知3/16/94和 3/20/94的出貨曰期。 在本例中,假設買方,位於美國’色明白可從墨西哥 的Mexiteeco公司購買T恤。買方詢問貿易系統以決定 Mexiteeco是否在連線上。該貿易系統肯定的答覆並且提 供Mexiteeco的簡單報告。該報告列出’例如,Mexiteeco 的地址’ Mexiteeco的商務摘要,以及Mexiteeco送至貿易 系統的任何待售物。買方決定經由貿易系統下一訂單,並 且要求系統傳輸一購買訂單樣板。 該貿易系統傳輸具有資料輸入攔之購買訂單樣板至買 方。在某些實施例中,裝設在買方地點的前方終端軟體合 併由貿易系統中央設備所供應的資料以便顯示部份完成的 樣板給買方。此外,如果賣方的提議是以一種習知的電子 格式出現,例如美國國家標準協會(八;^81)電子資料交換認 定標準委員會(ASC)X12標準,貿易系統可抽取賣方提議 之適當部份並且將它們置於樣板之適當攔内。 例如,塞於樣板内的資料可包含貿易系統所準備的下 列資訊:買方名稱 '買方地址、買方内部訂單號碼、訂單 本紙張尺度it用)罐格(加χ w公董)------ -21 . (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 装· 訂 Α7 Β7 464809 五、發明説明(19 ) 曰期。如果買方利用適當輸入至系統的資料選取Mexiteec〇 的τ恤提議,則樣板可包含賣方名稱(Mexiteeco),賣方地 址、單價、匯率,以及Mexiteeco告知貿易系統之任何附 加索費。預期買方辨識資訊的某些部份不能被買方更改, 例如,系統辨識碼,並且買方辨識資訊的其他部份可被買 方所指定,或者買方可廢棄系統所提供的資訊。 買方輸入適當的另外資訊至所準備樣板攔内,例如數 量、設計、顏色和尺寸,並且傳送所完成的樣板至系統做 為一種提出購買訂單(步驟110)。將可明白’並非所有 樣板欄均需對於各購買訂單被完成,並且某幾欄將於未來 被元成,例如運送日期、出貨項目、付款項目、保險項目 、以及對於延遲之可能懲罰。某些購買訂單可能依賴空白 襴以便指定附加資訊。在買方處的前端軟體可進行輸入至 樣板的資料之先前核對,例如,確定所提運送計劃所傳送 的數量’如果有的話,等於訂購數量。 系統接收提出購買訂單資料並且依據買方會計參數加 以過濾(步驟120 )=在某些實施例中,過濾包括尋找某 些原文之樣板欄,將輸入之一樣板欄的資料與一組或多組 會計參數或準則比較,將來自多攔的資料與會計參數比較 並且以此類推。
例如’在考慮特出購買訂單之後,買方可具有從S國 訂單之X元額度。在考慮特出購買訂單之後,買方也可具 有在G型商品訂單之γ元額度。對於具有價值為ζ之來自 S國G型商品的提出購買單而言’過濾步錄包含將ζ與X 本紙張尺度通巧〒國囤参標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -「裝:
rlT 經濟部中央搮準局負工消費合作社印掣 22 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 d 0 9 Α7 ____ Β7 五、發明説明(2〇 ) 比較並且將Z與Y比較。如果ζ<γ且z<x,則該購買 單至目前為止有資格被系統核准,例如,有關來自墨西哥 廠商之$40,000元商品的交易對於來自墨西哥廠商之商品 具有$35,000元額度(例如,$1〇〇,〇〇〇信用額度的35〇/〇)的 買方而言可能被拒絕。 其他欄可被不同地過濾,例如,運送日期可簡單與目 前曰期比較’以確定該運送日期是未來曰期。而且,系統 檢查一攔或多攔以確定資訊之存在,在某些實施例中,這 種處理的一部份可能發生於買方處的前碱軟體。 過濾之另一例是貿易系統針對基金交易允許的商品之 基金庫列表檢査商品型式,例如τ恤。 過濾之進一步例子是貿易系統針對運輸商所產生的電 子提貨單内之資料檢查買方所提出電子提貨單内資料,以 便決定是否有更改,並且針對原始購買訂單核對買方提貨 單以便確定已經遵循原始購買訂單的項目。 如果提出的購買訂單並不滿足買方會計準則,則系統 ’例如’查看購買訂單之-糊而蚊f方希望該情況如何 被處理(步驟 130)。例如,如果Bialyst〇ck & B1〇〇m& 3〇,〇〇〇 的價格接受買方的特出提出賭買訂單,而買方以4〇,麵的 價格準備Mexiteeco購買訂單,則由於對買方無足夠可用 的信用貸款,Mexiteeco購買訂單將被系統所拒絕。 如果買方已指出除非系統代表基金庫提供付款保證, 否則提出的賭買訂單不應被傳至賣方,提系統將準備一通 知告訴買方有關它不提供付款保證之原因(步驟14〇), 本紙張尺度iS财關家標準(CNS )八4祕(21GX297公着) (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}
1T 23 發明説明(21) 並且傳送此通知至買方,最好使用電子信件型式設備。該 通知可能建議使得購買訂單可被接受的改變。買方接著可 修改提出購買訂單的項目(步驟150)並且將修改版本以 資料型式輸入至系統而做為被系統過濾的一種提出購買訂 11 (步驟120)。例如,貝方可減少對於Mexjteec〇提出購 買訂單的金額為35〇〇〇。 如果貝方希望使用系統做為一種電子文件經營者.,並 且不做為付款保證者,則買方將適當地指示出其喜好。例 如,,’在購買訂單樣板中,並^系統將把代纟"付款未被保 證通知的資料添附至提出的購買訂單資料(步驟16〇) 。提出的購買訂單資料被依據賣方預定準則加以過慮(步 驟180),並且以下列參考步驟19〇或23〇的方式傳輸至賣 方。 如果提出的購買訂單滿足買方之預期準則,該系統核 准其項目’也就是說,該構f訂單有f格得到該系統對賣 方之付款保證(步驟Π0)。 在某些實施例中,提出的構買訂單資料相對於賣方準 則的過遽在提出的購買訂單資料相對於買方準則之過遽之 前發生。 接著,系統以對於買方之預定準則過渡之相似方式依 據賣方之預定準則過濾提出的購買訂單(步驟18〇)。 如果提出的購買訂單滿足賣方之預定準則,該系統核 准其項目並且代表基金庫傳輸—付款保證至賣方(步驟19〇 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公廣) 五、 發明説明(22 ) Α7 Β7 經濟部中央橾準局—工消费合作社印製 k系統接著傳輸代表提出的購f訂單之資料和其付款 保證之資訊至賣方(步驟2Q⑸,傳輸資料通知買方該資 訊已被傳送至賣方且更動買方和賣方之會計資訊。將可了 解,該貿易系統儲存提出的購買訂單並且另外更動適當的 内部樓案。例如’買方的會計f訊現在將包含至Mexiteeco 的構買訂單。最好是,該提_買訂單以電子信件形式的 讯息被傳至賣方,亦即,賣方並不需與買方同時與系統交 談。當買方審視包含提出的購買訂單之電子信件訊息時’ 此事件,例如被賣方的終端機檢測到,接著,其傳輪指示 相同事件的資料至貿易系統。貿易线接著以_種資料訊 息將此事件通知買t ’或者指示簡單的更動㈣存提出講 買訂單的狀態攔並且等待買方提出詢問購買訂單之狀態。 在一不同實施例中,在步驟190之後,貿易系統傳送 一資料訊息至買方指出購買訂單可經由貿易系統被處理。 在此情況中,如果買方希望繼續該購買訂單,買方必須附 加一組電子簽名或其他授權碼至該核准之購買訂單並且提 供該“簽名”購買訂單至系統β將可明白,在此情況中, 所提出的購買訂單主要是一種假設,對於貿易系統之“如 果,方式的詢問,並且電子簽名將其轉換成為具有提出訂 單的狀態之一種實際交易。 在另一種實施例中,一種外在的“草稿”模式被提供 ,其中該貿易系統過濾買方的提出購買訂單資料,給予草 稿模式授權,允許買方將該草擬提出購買訂單資料送至賣 方’並且允許賣方利用返回傳輸示出一種草稿模式 本紙浪纽賴t國國家標準(CNS ) A4· ( 210X 297公釐;| 25 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) kr 464 δ 9 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(23 ) 並且回復該草擬購買訂單和接受函至買方β此時,買方可 再提供非草稿或實際模式所提出的購貢訂單資料。 反應於提出的購買訂單,賣方可接受、拒絕或修改提 出購買訂單的項目,並且傳輸該修改後之購買訂單資料至 買方做為-種新的提出講買建議,亦即,一種具有修改項 目接受建議之建議。例如,賣方可將包含賣方之付款延期 的提出購買建議資料改變成為要求買方在商品出貨時馬上 付款或提出服務文件證明時即付款之修改後購買建議資料 如果賣方接受(步驟210),表示賣方輸入一適當資 料訊息至系統而反應於提出的購買訂單資料,接著一契約 被形成且系統將提出的購買訂單資料轉換成為未決的購買 訂單資料。賣方的一種接受方法可將一種電子簽名或其他 授權碼附加於提出的購買訂單資料,並且將之提供至貿易 系統。此時,系統自動地採取其他動作,例如,傳輸一適 當資料訊息至有責任為該未決購買訂單做付款保證之基金 單位,傳送一電子信件接受通知至買方並且更改買方和賣 方的會計資料。 如果賣方希望接受並且建議買方有關賣方可接受且可 能對買方有利之修改,賣方可使用本系統做為—種電子信 件設備而進行此事》例如,如果賣方以傳輸一資料訊息接 受每件$10.00之9,000件Τ恤訂單,賣方可另外傳輸一訊 息給買方指出他可以依每件$9.01訂購1〇,〇〇〇件τ恤。買 方可接著修改其未決購買訂單。修改程序與用以建立 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部中央橾準局負工消費合作社印製 4648 0 9 A7 __B7 五、發明説明(24 ) 訂單之程序相似。 若賣方拒絕(步驟220 ),表示賣方輸入一適當訊息 至系統而反應於提出的購買訂單傳輸,接著該系統將此事 件通知買方’並且適當地安置提出購買訂單,例如,將之 置入暫時儲存檔並且在一預定時間後自動清除。 如果賣方希望修改提出購買訂單的項目,賣方可如此 做並且接著輸入代表訂單之修改版的資料至系統(步驟25〇 )° 如果買方的提出購買訂單不能滿足賣方的會計準則( 例如,賣方缺少足夠產能以符合訂單),則貿易系統準備 一種建議訊息(步驟230)且將此建議訊息傳至買方。或 者是’系統將提出的購買訂單伴隨著說明原因(由於賣方 情況)之建議訊息傳至賣方(步驟43〇),系統不能由基 金單位對於買方提供一付款保證(步驟44〇 )。系統也可 指示出它是否能依據買方情況授予付款保證(依據步驟17〇 )或者它是否能依據買方情況而不授予付款保證(依據步 騍160)。賣方可拒絕繼續進行交易(步驟45〇),在該情 況中,系統採用如同步驟220之相同動作。或者是,賣方 可修改k出講貝訂單的項目且提供修改版至系統(步錄250 )° 在賣方提出修改的購買訂單之後,系統依據賣方的會 計參數過濾該修改版(步驟260)。 如果修改的購買訂早不能滿足賣方的會計準則,則系 統以如同在步驟130決定買方之喜好所用方式決定賣方希 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS ) Α4規格(210x297公董) 27 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
1T 經濟部中央操率局員工消費合作社印製 46 48 0 9 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明(25 ) ' 望該情況如何被處理(步驟4〇〇),並且添加代表“付款 未被保證”通知的資料至修改㈣單資料(步驟41〇 )’或者準備-通知告訴賣方有關其不能授予付款保證之 原因,並且傳送該通知至賣方(步驟44〇)。 如果修改的購買訂單滿足賣方的會計準則,則系統核 准其項目,表示系統能對該瞒買訂單授予付款保證(步驟 270)。該系統依據買方的會計準則或參數過濾提出的購 買訂單資料(步驟28〇)。 如果修改的購買訂單滿足買方的會計準則,則系統核 准其項目,表示它可授予付款保證(步驟29〇 )。系統傳 輸該修改的購買訂單資料和付款保證資料資訊至買方(步 驟300 )。反應於修改的購買訂單,買方可接受(步驟32〇 )’拒絕(步驟310)或修改該修改購買訂單之項目(步 驟i50 )並且經由系統傳輸一對應訊息至賣方做為新的提 出購買建議’其過濾方式如上所述。 若修改的購買訂單資料不能滿足買方會計準則,則系 統準備一建議訊息(步驟330 )。系統將該修改的購買訂 單伴隨著說明原因的建議訊息(由於買方之情況)傳送至 貝方’以表明系統不能授予一付款保證(步驟340)。將 可了解系統也可傳輪它是否能依據賣方情況而授予一付款 保證的指示(步驟270和410)。買方可拒絕繼續進行交易 (步驟350 )或修改該修改購買訂單之項目以便形成一新 的提出購買訂單(步驟150) ^ 第3八至3(2圖是展示依據本發明出貨文件和自動付款 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(2!0X297公釐) 28 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
、1T 464809 A7 B7 經濟部中夬標準局負工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(26 ) 過濾的流程圖。 在提出的購買訂單被轉成未決的購買訂單之後,並且 在該訂單被完全填滿之前,賣方可從系統要求關於該未決 購買訂單的出貨文件之樣版(步驟610)。 反應於賣方之要求,系統依據反應原始購買訂單和任 何最近出貨期的未決購買訂單準備出貨文件樣板(步驟62〇 )本發月之重要特點疋,在此種和其他文件中,商品 或服務完全如同原始購買訂單中所說明。系統在出貨樣板 的適當攔内反應原始賭買訂單的適當條件。例如,如果裝 貨必須在特定型式的貨櫃,該資訊將被提供在出貨文件樣 板的適當部份。達成此功能之—技術是對於原始構買訂單 中各摘指出該資訊於那一個後續文件相關。該指示可由使 用者建立於系統内之分析工力能、或者由其組合所提供。 f方接著輸入資料於出貨樣板的另外欄,並且可能在 某些糊廢棄系統供應的資訊,並且提供該樣板和其資料至 系統做為提出的出貨文件(步驟63〇)。例如賣方也許 希望部份出貨’所以賣方廢棄在數量糊内系統供應參數, 其一般是待出貨商品的餘量。系統將提出的出貨文件與原 始賭買訂單及任何近期出貨比較(步驟64〇)。如果有問 題,例如,項目不合,則系統準備建立訊息並將之傳至賣 方(步驟660),其可修改所提出文件的項目並且從新將 文件資料輸入至系統(步驟670)。 當系統決定所提出貨文件可被接受時,它將之轉為活 性出貨文件資料(步驟650 ),並且將該出貨文件資料 本紙張尺度適用f國國家標準(CNS > A4規格(]iOX297公着) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
29 經濟部中央標準局—工消费合作社印製 4648 09 at -----Β7 五、發明説明(27 ) 輸至賣方所選擇的運輸商。系統也可將出貨文件的副本傳 至其他關係者,例如,保險商。系統接著傳輸訊息至賣方 指出出貨文件已送至運輸商β如果買方希望檢視該訂單之 狀況,買方可觸取該出貨文件資料以便審視。 運輪商可經由第三者電子網路與貿易系統通訊。在此 情況中,貿易系統以一種適當標準格式,例如,ANSI χ 12 或Etiifact準備訊息且將其準備訊息傳至一網路。然而,該 通訊系統無視於傳遞此種訊息所使用的電訊通道,而繼續 結合與原始購買訂單相關之訊息和電子文件。 可以有多種商品出貨之安排,以及確保服務之傳達的 安排。在各情況中,貿易系統管理相關電子文件,相對於 先前與原始講貝訂單相關的適當其他文件過遽這些文件, 並且當資料不符時以及當事件發生時通知適當的關係者。 賣方接著運送商品以及出貨文件之印出副本至運輸商 (步驟680 )。賣方輸入資料至系統以提供通知指出它已 轉移商品的所有檯至運輸商(步驟7〇〇和7丨〇)。運輸商也 可通知系統指出已經從賣方接收到商品(步驟69〇 ) β 在商品被傳至運輸商之後,運輸商可要求提貨單之樣 板或是包裝列表之樣板(步驟750 )。系統依據出貨文件 和其他相關文件,也許包含未決購買訂單、準備提貨單和 包裝列表的樣板(步驟760)。 運輸商確定提貨單樣板和包裝列表樣板的項目並且將 其提供予系統(步驟770 )»系統相對於出貨文件和其他 相關文件,也許包含未決講買訂單' 過濾該最後瑞定的提 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公董) 30 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁;一
LF 4648 0 9 A7 __ B7 五、發明説明(烈) 貨單和包裝列表(步驟780 )。如系統經由過濾檢測到問 題’則系統準備對於運輸商的建議訊息(步驟800 ),並 且運輸商修改在樣板内之資料並且將該修改的樣板提供給 系統(步驟810)。如貿易系統的過遽決定所輸入的資料 與原始購買訂單之項目符合,如同依最近動作所調整,它 將提貨單樣板轉換成為電子提貨單文件,並且傳送一份拷 貝到運送商品的運輸商(步驟820)。系統也傳送一份提 貨單的拷貝到賣方(步驟850,860 )。 或者是’以上面所述相同方式,運輪商在從賣方接收 到商品之前’準備提貨單。若適當的話,運輸商可採用運 輸發貨單或其他電子文件。而且,在系統接受有關原始購 買訂單的提貨單之前,從運輸商要求電子簽名或其他授權 碼。 系統保留並儲存其處理之所有電子文件的拷貝,亦即 ,其所提供樣板及/或進行過濾的所有文件。系統也儲存 有關購買所有文件的拷貝,例如,參考構買訂單或其後續 文件之電子信件訊息。若需要的話,貿易系統可產生其所 儲存電子文件之紙張文件。 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 一请先閲讀背面之注填寫本寅} 在第3A和3B的例子中,付欷在出貨時到期。系統檢 測到付款的條件已被滿足(步驟790 ),並且傳輸一信息 至基金單位指出需要付款給賣方。付款可依多種方式進行 例如,貿易系統可發出一基金轉移要求至擁有買方或 基金單位的DDA之銀行(步驟870),其轉移該基金至擁 尺 張 紙 本 隼 標 家 國 國 中 用 適 格 規 4 11 3 經濟部t央楼準局另工消費合作社印製 464809 A7 ____B7 五、發明説明(29 ) 有賣方DDA的銀行(步驟880 )並且通知系統指出基金已 被轉移(步驟890)。 系統接到基金轉移的通知(步驟9〇〇)且將之傳至賣 方(步驟910)。接著系統傳輸構成提貨單的資料至買方 (步驟920),且授權給運輸商轉移商品的所有權至買方 (步驟930)。買方接收到提貨單資料(步驟94〇),且與 運輸商安排接收商品。例如,買方可指示貿易系統送出一 伤乂貨單拷貝至代表買方取得商品的海關代理商。最好是 買方和運輸商均通知系統指出買方已接杈到該商品。當買 方接收到商品時,也許是,例如,利用經過的時間或給系 統的明確通知,該購買訂單紀錄被系統更動以反應該購買 訂單之適當部份的完成。 一種不同付款機構的例子是,在經銷商提供一提貨單 或一運輸發貨單至已經將該文件傳至賣方的贸易系統之後 ,賣方產生代表一發貨單的資料且將之傳至買方。貿易系 統也可將一份拷貝傳至基金單位。買方因而產生一付款通 知文件,其通知賣方有關付款日期並且指示一財務單位轉 移付款給賣方。 在另一種付款安排中,貿易系統傳輸一指令至賣方銀 行以要求付款,接著,該賣方銀行使用貿易系統要求基金 單位付款。該要求付款的指令也稱做付款指令。 該貿易系統在處理電子文件時也可採用代表外界資訊 的資料。例如,從一國至另一國的禁令可使系統自動地通 知運輸商暫停出貨,或使系統拒絕關於該被禁止國家之出 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4说格(210X297公釐) 32
464809 A7 ____B7_ 五、發明説明(^ _ 貨文件。 在某些實施例中,該貿易系統自叙地產生計劃提醒資 料。例如,如果一賣方被要求在一特定日期前將商品出貨 ’該貿易系統可產生一適當的電子郵件提醒並傳至買方和 賣方。 雖然本發明的展示實施例和其各種修改已經在此參考 附圖加以詳細說明,應可了解本發明並非限制於該特定貧 施例和所述的修改,對於熟習本技術者可知本發明有各種 變化和進一步修改而不脫離所附申請專利範圍中定義之本 發明的範脅和精神。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -訂 經濟部中央榡準局貝工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS〉A4規格(210X297公釐) 464809 A7 B7 五、發明説明(31 ) 元件標號對照 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印衷 1.…買方與賣方 2…·買方至開狀銀行開出信用狀 3 A....開狀銀行與中間銀行交涉 3B ·…中間銀行與付款銀行交涉 4·“.付款銀行展示文件給賣方 5A.…商品經過裝運者 5B…裝運者送商品至買方國家 6·…裝運者提供提貨單給賣方 7·…賣方展示文件給付款銀行, 無誤後,付款銀行支款給賣方 8A….付款銀行展示文件給中間 銀行,中間銀行支款給付 款銀行 8B…中間銀行展示文件給開狀 銀行,開狀銀行支款給中 間銀行 9. …買方付款給開狀銀行開狀銀 行給買方提貨單 10. …買方得到商品 10.…中央設備 20Α....2〇Ν·...處理器 30.…匯流排 40….通信界面 50…·儲存器 60.. .,記憶器 70.…第三者網路 75.…前方終端 80.…主機 85…·終端機 90Α—90D—電信連接 100·...開始 110.…填出購買訂單樣板 120.·.·相對買方限制過濾所提購 買訂單 130…買方指令 140—準備建議 150.. ..修改項目 160….付款未保證通知 170.…核准項目 180 ·…相對賣方限制過濾所提購 買訂單 190 .…核准項目 200.…所提出購買訂單之通知並 且過濾核准 ^^—•1 I m I I ^F-、^衣 Jn :ί —II ί - SI (請先閲讀背面之注^Κ項再填寫本頁}
A7 B7 五、發明説明(32 ) 經濟部中央樣率局貝工消费合作社印裝 210….接受 220·...拒絕 230….建議 250 .…修改項目 260…·對於賣方之限制過濾所提 出之購買訂單 270 •…核准項目 280.…對於買方之限制過濾所提 出之購買訂單 290….核准項目 300.…所提出購買訂單之通知且 過濾核准 310.···拒絕 320·…接受 330…·建議 340….所提出購買訂單之通知且 過濾問題 350.. ..拒絕 400.…賣方之指令 410.. ..付款未被保證之通知 420.. ..準備建議 430.…所提出購買訂單之通知 440.. ..問題之通知 450.. ..拒絕 600….開始 610.·要求出貨文件之樣板 620.…依據原始購買訂單和任何 最近出貨期準備出貨文件 樣板 630.. ..確定項目 640,…對於原始講買訂單和任何 最近出貨期過濾出貨文件 65〇.·..核准項目 660…·建議 670 .…修改項目 680.. ·.傳送商品和出貨文件 690.. ,,接收商品和出貨文件 700…·通知系統商品已送至運輸商 710…·接收來自賣方之通知 750…‘索求提貨單文件之樣板 760.. ..依據出貨文件準備提貨單 樣板 770··..確定項目 780….相對於原始購買訂單和出 貨文件過濾提貨單 790··..核准項目 800.. .·建議 810··.,修改項目 ----—1 1---—y --------訂 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 35 46 4 8 0 9 A7 B7 五、發明説明(33 ) 820.…置商品於運輸 900 .…基金轉移之通知 850.. ..送出提貨單複本 910....接收通知 860.…接收提貨單複本 920.…送出提貨單複本和授權 870.. ..發出基金轉移要求 930....接收授權以轉移商品 880.. ..轉移基金至賣方銀行 940....接收提貨單複本 890.. ..基金轉移之通知 -^^1 I I I - - - J1 - - I - - - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 36 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐-)

Claims (1)

  1. 經濟部中夬梯準局員工消費合作杜印製 6 4 8 Ο 9 λ® Β8 ^---^ 六、申請專利範圍 h —種便利商品之貿易的系統,其包含有: 用以儲存代表一買方和一賣方之間商品出貨契約 的購買訂單資料之裝置; 用以將代表履行該契約之商品出貨的出貨文件資 料輸入系統之裝置; 用以依據該購買訂單資料而決定出貨文件資料是 否滿足契約之裝置;以及 用以藉由該資料處理系統依據該出貨文件資料滿 足該契約的決定產生付款日資料的裝置。 2.如申請專利範圍第〖項的系統,進一步包含依據出貨文 件資料而調整契約之購買訂單資料以反應契約之部份 履行之裝置’用以輸入代表契約之履行的進一步商品 出貨之資料的裝置’且其中該用以決定之裝置可決定 代表該進一步商品出貨之資料是否滿足購買訂單資料 ’如同依據出貨文件資料被調整,所代表之契約。 3,如申請專利範圍第i項的系統,其中該用以決定的裝置 可將該出貨文件資料與代表對於買方之購買發出付款 保證之準則的資料比較β 4·如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該用以決定的裝置 可將出貨文件資料與代表對賣方的銷售發出買方之付 款保證之準則的資料比較。 5.如申請專利範圍第1項的系統,其中該用以決定的裝置 可決定所選擇項目或契約的條件是否已被履行,且進 一步包含有裝置自動地發出一依據該付款日資料之付 本紙張尺度率(CNS ) ( 2lGx 297公疫} 37 {請先鬩讀背面之法意事項再填寫本頁)
    4648 〇
    '中請專利範圍 款指令至一指定關係者。 種便利商品之貿易的系統其包含有: 用以儲存代表一買方知 * 貝万和—賣方之間商品出貨 的購買訂單資料之裝置; 、’ 輸入-要求以準備供輸入出貨文件資料之一種資 料輸入樣板之t置’該出貨文件資料代表執行所存靖 買訂單資料所代表契約的商品出貨; 用以依據該Μ訂單資料準備該資料輸入樣板之 裝置; 用以輸出所準備資料輪入樣板以便出貨文件資料 之輸入的裝置; 用以利用所準備資料輸入樣板輸入該出貨文件資 料之裝置; 用以依據購買訂單資料而決定所輸入的出貨文件 資料是否滿足契約的裝置;以及 用以藉由該資料處理系統依據該出貨文件資料滿 足該契約的決定產生付款日資料的裝置。 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 7·如申請專利範圍第6項的系統,其中該用以決定的裝置 可將該輸入的出貨文件資料與代表對於買方之購買發 出付款保證之準則的資料比較。 8. 如申請專利範圍第6項的系統’其中該用以決定的裝置 可將該輸入的出貨文件資料與代表對賣方的銷售發出 買方之付款保證之準則的資料比較。 9. 一種便利商品之貿易的系統,其包含有: 本紙張尺度通用令國國家梯準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公慶)
    經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 中請專利範圍 用以儲存-買方的貿易資格和一賣方的貿易資格 之第一準則資料的裝置: 用以輸入代表買方和賣方之間商品的提㈣買契 約的提出購買訂單資料的裝置;以及 用以決定該提出的購買訂單資料是否滿足買方和 賣方之分別貿易資格之所儲存第一準則資料之裝置。 10·如申請專利範圍第9項的系統,其中該第-準則資料至 少包含商品之原始國家、商品或服務的目的國家’買 方地點和賣方地點之_。 u·如申請專利範圍第9項的系統,其中該第-準則資科包 含對於w方和對於賣方的信用額度。 12t申請專利範圍第9項的系統,其中該第-準則資料包 含賣方的產能。 13.如申請專利範圍第 ” 其中該第-準則資料和 契約之主題的商品的本質有關。 14:=範圍第9項的系統,其中該第-準則資料由 ,金者或-貿易系統行政者之—方所建立,且進— 第-進目…, 寶方之至乂-方的貿易資格之 第-準則資料的裝置,該第二準 該貿易系統行政者之另一方所建立 =者和 玄沾肚思且其中該用以決 的裝置可決定提出的購 第二準則資料。 早㈣^以储存的 J5.如申請專利範圍第“項 以在提出的購買Ί二 步包含有裝置用 的購買訂早資料滿足第二準則資料時傳輸代 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) LF If In 39
    經濟部中央標準局貞Η消费合作社印製 表付款保證的資料至賣方β 16.如申請專利範圍第9項的系統,進—步包含用以輸入指 示出賣方已接受購買訂單之接受資料的裝置,用以依 據該接受資料將提出的購買訂單資料轉成原始的講買 訂單資料的裝置: 用以輸入來自賣方有關契約之履行的活動資料之 裝置; 用以決定該居動資料是否指示出原始講買訂單資 料所表示的契約條件或選擇項目已被履行之裝置;以 及 當所選擇項目或契約之條件已被滿足時用以自動 地輸出付款指令資料以指示出賣方之貨款已到之裝置 〇 —種便利商品及/或服務之貿易的系統,其包含有: 用以儲存代表對於商品或服務之貿易的一種建議 且包含公開和隱藏項目的建議資料之裝置; 用以傳輸代表該貿易建議之公開項目的公開項目 資料到至少一關係者之裝置; 用以輸入代表來自該至少一關係者對於所傳輸之 公開項目資料的反應之反應資料的裝置;以及 用以將該反應資料與代表建議之公開和隱藏項目 之建議資料比較以便產生指示出該反應資料是否符合 建議的公開和隱藏項目之項目符合條件之裝置。 18,如申請專利範圍第17項的系統,其中該用以儲存的裝 本紙張尺度通用中國國家標牟(CNS } Μ規格(210Χ 297公廣) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
    464809 Λ8 S ________D8 六、申請專利範圍 置可用以儲存代表一基金者對於貿易交易之財務承諾 可因而決定的準則資料;以及該用以比較的裝置可將 反應資料和儲存的準則資料比較以產生指示出該建議 資料和反應資料所定義的貿易交易是否符合基金者準 則之準則符合資料。 19_如申請專利範圍第18項的系統,進一步包含有裝置在 準則符合資料指示出建議資料和反應資料所定義的貿 易交易符合所儲存的準則資料並且項目符合資料指示 出反應資料符合建立的公開和隱藏項目之時,用以代 表基金者產生代表一付款保證的付款保證資料。 2〇· —種便利商品之貿易的數位電腦,其包含有: 用以儲存代表一買方和一賣方之間商品出貨契約 的購買訂單資料之記憶裝置; 用以將代表履行該契約之商品出貨的出貨文件資 料輸入之一組輸入端;以及 用以依據該購買訂單資料而決定出貨文件資格是 否滿足契約及用以藉由該資料處理系統依據該出貨文 -1 I 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印掣 件資料滿足該契約的決定產生付款日資料之處理裝置 〇 21. —種便利商品之貿易的數位電腦,其包含有· 用以儲存代表一買方和一賣方之間貨品出貨契約 的購買訂單資料之記憶裝置; N 用以輪入一要求以準備供輸入出貨文件資科之一 種資料輸入之一組輸入端;該出貨文件資料代表執行 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2〗0X297公釐) 464809 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 所存購買訂單資料所代表契約的商品出貨; 用以依據該構買訂單資料準備該資料輸入樣板之 處理裝置;以及 用以輸出所準備資料輸入樣板以便出貨文件資料 之輪入的一組輸出端; 其中該輪入端也可用以利用所準儀資料輸入樣板 板輸入該出貨文件資料;且該處理裝置也可用以依據 講買訂單資料而決定所輸入之出貨文件資料是否滿足 契約且藉由該資料處理系統依據該出貨文件資料滿足 該契約的決定產生付款日資料。 22. —種便利商品之貿易的數位電腦,其包含有: 用以儲存一買方的貿易資格和一賣方的貿易資格 之第一準則資料的記憶裝置; 用以輸入代表買方和賣方之間商品的提出購買契 約的提出購買訂單資料的一組輸入端;以及 用以決定該提出的購買訂單資料是否滿足買方和
    賣方之分別貿易資格之所儲存第一準則資料之處理裝 置。 23‘ 一種便利商品及/或服務之貿易的數位電腦其包含 有: 用以儲代表對於商品或服務之貿易的一種建議且包 含公開和隱藏項目的建議資格之記憶裝置; 用以傳輸代表該貿易建議之公開項目的公開項目資 料到至少一關係者之裝置; 本紙浪尺度適用悄國木標準(CNS ) A4規格(21GX297公廣) 42 4 6 4 8 0^ A8 、 B8 C8 _____^_; _ 六、申請專利範園 用以輸入代表來自該至少一關係者對於所傳輸之公 開項目資料的反應之反應資料的一组輪入端;以及 用以將該反應資料與代表建議之公開和隱藏項目之 建議資料比較以便產生指示出該反應資料是否符合建 議的公開和隱藏項目之項目符合條件之處理裝置。 C請先閱讀背面之注意事項存填寫本K ) 訂 & 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 43 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2! 0 X 297公釐)
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EP1345145A2 (en) 2003-09-17
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EP1345145A3 (en) 2004-06-09
ES2208697T3 (es) 2004-06-16
CA2202157A1 (en) 1996-04-25
AU3951295A (en) 1996-05-06
EP0789884A1 (en) 1997-08-20
EP0789884B1 (en) 2003-09-03
EP0789884A4 (en) 1998-01-07
ATE249070T1 (de) 2003-09-15
TW367451B (en) 1999-08-21
DE69531697T2 (de) 2004-08-05
US5717989A (en) 1998-02-10
WO1996012242A1 (en) 1996-04-25
GB2308210A (en) 1997-06-18
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