TW412885B - Phased array antenna calibration system and method - Google Patents

Phased array antenna calibration system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
TW412885B
TW412885B TW088102539A TW88102539A TW412885B TW 412885 B TW412885 B TW 412885B TW 088102539 A TW088102539 A TW 088102539A TW 88102539 A TW88102539 A TW 88102539A TW 412885 B TW412885 B TW 412885B
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Taiwan
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antenna
unit
detector
port
coupled
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TW088102539A
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English (en)
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Thomas V Sikina
Oscar J Bedigian
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Raytheon Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267Phased-array testing or checking devices

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Description

_412M5------- 五、發明說明(1) 本發明是有關於一種相位陣列天線,且特別是有關於 —種校正此天線的儀器及方法。 , 如同在此技藝中已熟知的,一相位陣列天線包括了一. 天線單元的陣列’此陣列用來產生一組平直且不同方向的 射頻能量束。這些相位陣列單元可以是共同或分開饋給 的。不論是那一種’天線單元陣列間相對的振輻及相角差 決定了此天線所產生的射頻能量束。這個相對的振輻及相 角狀態可以藉由搞合至相對天線單元的可控制衰減器及移 相器來產生’或是藉由位於複數射束埠及該等天線單元間〜 的聚束網路來產生’其中每個射束埠對應到其中的一條射p 束0 在 具有複 耦合至 包括了 所中使 天線單 —個發 之天線 路。在 一個陣 這個程 測到之 一個振 此種使用聚束網路 數陣列埠,每一個 其中對應的一個天 一電子 用接收 元的近 射/接 單元所 模組輪 列單元 序。接 能量的 輕及相 式可控制衰 校正模式時 場中。該發 收模組被i 接收的能量 流開啟期間 依序記錄' 著計算出每 ^ 4、$岣值 的相位 陣列埠 線單元 減器及 ,一射 陣列 都經 。每 移相 頻能 收模 模式 該開 位向量。 這 射/接 於接收 會經過 ,射束埠的 來。每 一個天 。於是 些被量 一個 線單 每一 測/ 天線中,該 由一發射/ 一個發射/ 器。在廠房 量源會置於 組會輪流地 並開啟時, 啟的模組與 能量被檢測 陣列埠都會 元相對之射 個天線單元 事後計算的 接收模细 或測試續 相位陣歹1 開啟。Ί 编合於上 該聚束雜 並針對, 重複一每 束埠被相 都對應聋 向量會成
第5頁 9- 五、發明說明 事先被设计並计算的向量來做比較。如果適當地操作天線 (意指根據它的設計),兩者間的差異應該會最小。此兩 者間之差異會供給模組中的可控制衰減器及/或移相器一. 個控制訊號’以提供一個合適正確的修正。廠房或測試場 所中發射校正的模式也是經由類似並逆向的方式來進行 .的。 * 於是不論是在發射或接收校正模式中’相對的相位或 振輕的誤差都被測得,模組中的可控制衰減器及/或移相 器也適當地被調整。雖然如此的技術適用於廠房或測試場 所中,但在操作環境中使用外接分離式的天線是不實際及 /或昂貴的。舉例來說,當天線於場地中使用時,在密集 使用後有時會需要重新校正。這種環境的例子包括且不限 於外太空(於衛星上使用天線)、在飛行器(包括了固定 翼、旋轉翼及、繩控的)上以及在地球表面。 一份由 Herbert M. Aumann、Alan J· Fenn 及 Frank G· Willwerth 所著作,發表於 IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 37, July 1989, pages 844-8 50,標題為「使用互耦合量測之相位陣列天 線校正及預測模型」的論文中,藉著通過兩個獨立聚束器 來發射及接收所有鄰近輻射單元對之方式’以數學方法發 展並驗証了一套運用到陣列内固有的互耦合效應之校正及 輻射模型量測技術15 根據本發明其中之一特性,它為一相位陣列天線的測 試提供了儀器及方法。該天線包括了複數天線單元及複數
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五、發明說明 發射/ 一個天 入埠; 測斋, 括在内 收模組 式時; 等天線 (指預 一個校 端,於 校正模
Q 楱組。每—個發射/接收模組耦合至相對應的 線单凡。該儀器包括了 一校正系統具有:一射頻輸 射頻檢測器埠;一耦合至射頻檢測器埠之射頻檢 及一連接至射頻輸入埠之射頻源。一開關組件也包 ,用來輪流將該等天線單元及耦合於上之發射/接 選擇性地耦合至:(a)該檢測器埠,於接收校正模 f (b)該射頻檢測輸入埠,於發射校正模式時。該 單元(指校正天線單元)中的一個或數個天線單X元 設的一組)也耦合至該開關組件。該開關組件將每 正天線單70選擇性地耦合至(a )該射頻測試輸入
接收校正模式時;或(b)該射頻檢測器埠,於發射 式時。 X 根據本發明之另一特性,它為一具有一聚束網路之相 位陣列天線的測試提供了儀器及方法。該聚束網路包括了 複數陣列埠及複數射束埠。複數天線單元及複數發射/接 收模組也包括在内。每一個模組耦合於該等天線單元中一 相對應之單元及該等陣列埠中—相對應埠。亦提供了一校 正系統具有:一射頻輸入埠;一射頻檢測器埠;一耦合至 射頻檢測器埠之射頻檢測器;及一連接至射頻輸入埠之射 頻源。一開關組件也被包括在内’闬來輪流將每一個天線 單元經由聚束網路及搞合於上之發射/接收模纟且選擇性地 輕合至(a)該檢測器埠’於接收校正模式時;或(b )該射頻 檢測輸入埠’於發射校正模式時。該開關組件包括—開 關’用以選擇性地將該組天線單元中預設的一個(意指一
第7頁 412885 五、發明說明(4) 校正天線單元)選擇性地輕合至(a)邊校正系統之射頻檢 測輪入埠’經由與聚束網路隔離之一路徑’於接收校正模. 式日守,或(b ) s亥檢測器埠,經由與^^束網路隔離之·一路-> 徑,於發射校正模式時。藉著如此的安排,經由聚束網路 對校正系統所發生之不必要的耦合效應可以消除。 又根據本發明的另一項特性’天線單元陣列是以成群 =方式排列,每一群都有一預設之天線單元(指校正天線 二=)。藉由這種安排,每一群天線單元都會被位於該 得兮救咖 %元校正’於是在校正該群天線單元時,會使 仔該群内的 _ 昆從 、+ J大線早7〇間之變動範圍很小。 顯易·1^讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明 ’下文特舉一較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳 細説明如下. 0下 〔圖式簡單說明〕 圖1晶·# 站+ ‘ 依照本發明,一相位陣列天線系統及其校正李 統之方塊_。 系 圖2 ^ 糸站尺攸照本發明之一實施例’一圖1之相位陣列天续 尔现孔經 之前視圖。 SI 3 β 正模1 X 一相位陣列天線系統及其校正系統處於接收校 塊圖。 ®J 4: J9 正模1 ~相位陣列天線系統及其校正系統處於發射校 ' ^時之方塊圖。 線系絲尺依照本發明之另一實施例,一圖1之相位陣列天 、、^、戎孔徑之前視圖》
第8頁 五、發明說明(5) 〔實施例〕 ”第-圖,顯示了一相位陣列 聚束網路12具有複數(在此是1〇6 t複 數(在此是m)射束璋1V1 。每一個射束二_4; ^ ^ 由複=射/接收模组16「16n中一模組及複數定向輕合器 對岸5 : Ϊ Ϊ應耦合器耦合至複數天線埠1 Ή'中-相 對應埠,如圖所不。每一定向耦合器均有—埠連接至一匹 0 ’如圖所示。每一個放大器組件1διΆ可以隨著複 中一相對應連線上的控制訊號個別地被開通或 :閉,如圖所示。再者,該等放大器組件15「15J隨著接 線b上之控制訊號選擇性地置於接收或發射狀態。(這可 T由每一個放大器組件内包括的一個發射/接收開關執行 …:复j天線早兀(在此有1Q6個)18「18⑽中之—個天線 2兀',至由一組發射/接收模組2〇1_2〇⑽中一相對應模組耦 合至該等陣列埠14「14哪中一相對應埠,如圖所示。該等 發射/接收模組中之每一模組在結構上是相同的且包括了 二串接的電子式可控制衰減器22及移相器24,如圖所示。 哀,器22及移相器24是經由在發射路徑中—連串的發射放 大器30及在接收路徑中—連串的接收放大器32連接至一發 射/接收開關25。每一個發射/接收開關由連線13上之控 制訊號(亦加注於放大器組件16广161(,如前述)控制。每一 個放大器組件30、32是隨著連線ci_cie6中一相對應連線上 的控制訊號而開通(意指開啟)或關閉,如圖所示。放大器
第9頁 ---412885_____; 五 '發明說明(6) 30、32_合至一循環器34,如圖所示。每一個發射/接收 模组2(^-2(^6中之循環器34耦合至天線單元18i_18ig6中一相 對應單元,如圖所示。 特別說明的是’圖2顯示了該陣列天線1 〇的輻射面。 在此實施例中’該陣列天線包括了1 〇 6個天線單元 1 81 — 1 81〇6 ’標示是從〇 〇 1至1 0 6。其中四個天線單元,此處 是標不為001、009、097、及106的天線單元,被置放於陣 列面外侧預設的位置’其原因留待討論。所以在此例中, 天線單元Ι^-Ι、6不整齊地被排列成8行COL1-COL8。
再參考圖1,以每一個天線單元被配置為圓極化天線 單元為例。所以每一個天線單元具有一右旋圓極化饋給 (Right-hand Circular Polarized Feed)及左旋圓極化饋 給(Left-hand Circular Polarized Feed)。在此,每一 個右旋圓極化饋給耦合至循環器34中一相對應循環器,如 圖所示。除了已預設位置的四個天線單元(〇〇1、、
097、106)外’其餘的單元均連接一匹配負载阻抗,如 圖所示。該四個預設的天線單元是校正天線單元且經由天 線孔徑41與该組天線單元1 8丨-1 81Q6互偶。為了使校正誤差 最小及使天線能操作在最正常的環境下,校正單元 1 h - 1 8lQe可以排列在外緣(如所示)或是成群排列。在外緣 耦合的配置中’校正單元佔據了天線孔徑的外緣,但在成 群的配置中’天線孔徑會被分成數個分離的區域或是集 群’而讓校正單元置於中央.校正單元18i-l 81G6可使用一 定向耦合器或專用元件之正交圓極化埠(如所示)做為校正
第10頁 _412885 _ 五、發明說明(7〕 ----- 單元璋專用元件疋做為校正單元並且不在正常模式下使 用匕連接至校正零件並不連接至正常的零件鏈。當在外 緣排列中被使用為iL交圓極化料,該四㈣設天線單元 18丨、189、1 897及18〖。6之左旋圓極化饋給被耦合至一校正系 統42,如圖所示。 特別說明的是,該校正系統42包括了 一開關43具有: 射頻輸入埠4 4,-聚束網路埠4 5 ; 一射頻檢測器埠4 6 ; 一輕合至射頻檢測器蟑46之射頻檢測器48 ;及一天線單元 崞50。另亦提供了-開關組件52。該開關組件52有複數開 關5V54,每個開關有一第一接頭A,輕合至複數定向 耦合Is 1 VI 9m中-相對應耦合器的?埠,如圖所示 開關…仏會隨著正常模式/校正模式線幫線)上= 制訊號而選擇性地將第一接頭55i_55a搞合至第二接頭二 58^58^或第二接碩60丨-6 0, %圖所示。每個第二接頭 5:「58m耦合至-匹配負載62ι,,每個第三 合至-選擇開關64 ’如圖所示。開關52及64 精1 述。在此僅說明’當在正常操作模式時,計算_ 控制訊號到N/C線上,*開關5V5、將接頭55「55』合生至 匹配負載62^62^。另一方面在校正模式時,計算器 -控制訊號到N/C線上,冑開關54「5、將接頭 ^ 至接頭H A就是選擇開關64的輸入端。(必:辆: =是’在”模式中’…1Vl7m是經 員二二 合至匹配負載6^,如圖所示;否則在正 ?5二 關65l-65m是將天線璋耦合至埠17,厂17, ’如二開
412885 五、發明說明(8) 示。) "在校正模式蚪,計异器66會在匯流排上產生一控制 訊號’使聚束網路埠45經由開關“輪流地與接頭6〇「6〇m耦 合二在此,藉由開關64的操作’每個接至 聚束網路埠4 5 —段時間τ。 亦須主思的疋(原因留待後述)’當接頭6〇厂…輪流耦 合至聚束網路谭45時’計算器66會在連線31_~上產生控制 讯號,以輪流地開啟該組發射/接收放大器組件“厂丨、中 y相對應組件。因此,當接頭6〇i_6〇m輪流耦合至槔45時’ 模組^厂:^⑴便會隨即輪流且同步地被開啟。結果是埠45會 輪流地電耦合至射束埠1 Si-bn m個週期τ。 再要注意的是’在校正模式中,計算器6 6在連線 q-c^6上產生訊號,以在每一個週期τ内輪流將發射/接收 模組2(^-2 0⑽開啟。因此舉例來說,當埠45耦合至射束埠 1 5ι段週期T時,模組20i- 201Qe會輪流地被啟動一個週期 T/lj6_或更短。所以,在m個週期τ中的每一週期裏,該天 線單元1 8广1 8ι〇6會輪流地電耦合至陣列埠1 4〗-1 4106。 如上述’每個天線單元丨8ι _丨8咖有一對饋給;一右旋 圓極化饋給及一左旋圓極化饋給。亦如上述,除了天線單 元1 8丨1 %、1 8叮及1 81Q6的左旋圓極化饋給之外,每個左旋 圓極化饋給都連接上一匹配負載4 〇,如圖所示。天線單元 1 \、1 8g、1 8m及1 81Q6的左旋圓極化饋給是經由一切換網路 7 2耦合至一選擇開關7 〇,如圖所示。更特別地,該切換網 路72包括了開關72a-72d具有:耦合至天線單元18ι、ι8
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_41 ------ 五、發明說明(9) 1 897及181()6之左旋圓極化饋給的第一接頭733-73(1,如圖所 示;耦合至匹配負載74a-74 d的第二接頭’如圖所示;及 耦合至選擇開關70的第三接頭,如圖所示。在正常模式 下,開關72a-72d,會隨N/C線(如前述)上的訊號將天線單 元1 8i、1 8g、1 897及1 81Q6的左旋圓極化饋給分別連接至匹配 負载74a-74d上。在校正模式中,天線單元、1七9、1897 及1 8⑽的左旋圓極化饋給耦合至選擇開關7 0 ’如圖所示。 選擇開關7 0的功用將留待後述。在此僅說明四個預設的校 正天線單元1 8!、189、1 897及18106是不需都用上的。也就是 說,此處說明的校正可以只用四個預設的校正天線單元 18ι ' 189、1 897及18⑽中的一個來執行的。但是如果其中一 個故障,任何其他三個之一將會使用到。計算器6 6在匯流 排7 6上所產生的控制訊號會選擇使用四個預設校正天線單 元 181、18g、1 897 及181()6 中的一個。 要提到的是,校正可以在發射及接收兩種模式下進 行。在接收校正模式中,來自射頻源78的射頻能量是供給 四個預設校正天線單元1 8i、1 89、1 897及18丨中之一的。比 如說’請參考圖3,射頻源78是經由開關43的埠44及50被 輕合的’開關76選擇其中一個校正天線單元,在此例中為 單元1 8 1。要注意到在接收校正模式中,開關43的配置如 ®所示;也就是將埠44電耦合至埠50及將埠45電耦合至埠 °在發射校正模式中,開關44的配置如圖4所示,也就 &將璋44(已電耦合至射頻源78)電耦合至埠45及將埠46電 耦合至埠50。
第13頁 412885 發明說明(ίο) 因此,整體來說,在校正模式中,該校正系統42經由 聚束網路12及耦合於上之發射/接收模纟且2〇 _2〇 ' — 模組,將每個天線單元1V1、選擇性地輕合至該檢測 器蜂46,於接收校正模式時’如圖3所示;或(㈧埠“,於 發射校正模式時(圖4 )。該開關組件42包括了選擇開關 70,用來在每一測試模式下,挑選圖i中四個標示為〇〇丄、 〇〇9、0 97及106的預設校正天線單元的左旋圓極化饋給中 之一’將其選擇性地耦合至其中之一 :(a)埠44,在接收 校正模式時經由一與聚束網路12隔離之路徑8〇,如圖3所 不,或(b)檢測器埠46,在發射校正模式時經由一與聚束 ¢) 網路12隔離之路徑80,如圖4所示。 再要提到的是,四個預設的校正天線單元丄8丨、i &、 1 89?及1 8l06可以置於天線單元陣列的外緣(圖2 )。藉由這種 排列’可以將在各種天線操作模式中的耦合射頻 射頻訊號的變動範圍減至最小。 I < 現在考慮的是’在接收校正模式下,於薇房或測試場 所中相位陣列天線1 〇的校正。在此’原射頻源7 8不與埠4 4 耦合,而此埠44將會連接至一匹配負載(圖未顯示)^、開關 5七54m、72a-72d及65^6 5^是處於正常模式下,以便(!)將 疋向輕合器19〗-1901的?埠分別連接至匹配負載621-6 2!|1;(2) 將校正天線單元1 8]、1 %、1 8gT及1 81D6之左旋圓極化饋給分 別連接至匹配負载74a-74d ;並將天線埠i7i_17m電搞合至 璋1 7 i - 1 7 ’ m ^ —射頻能量源(圖未顯示)放置於相位陣列 孔僅41的近場中。在發射/接收放大器組件11 _ 1 ^中之一
第14頁 412885 五 發明說明(11)
,&大n ’ _如16「是處於接收模式並開啟的。該發射 =接收模組2〇1-201D6處於接收模式並輪流被開啟。當每個 :射/接收模組20「20⑽處於一接收模式並被開啟時,經 =耦合於上之天線單元所接收之能量會通過該被開啟之發 射/接收模組2 0丨-2 0⑽以及聚束網路1 2。埠丨7,^ _丨7,中之 —埠的能量,在此例中為埠】7, i,在輪流開啟的過^中會 破=耦合至埠17、之檢測器所檢測。在埠17、所檢測到的 ,量大小及相位會被記錄下來。對其他埠17,厂17、也會重 複這種程序。針對每一個天線單元1 8ι_18ΐ()6,在每個崞 1 7’ i -1 7’m所檢測到的能量之最小方均值會被計算出來。因 此’在計算出最小方均值之後,每個天線單元〗Ι 8ιϋβ就 會有一個大小及相位向量。這1 〇 6個被量測/事後計算的 接收向量會與相對應之1 〇6個經設計、預先計算過的接收 向量做比較。如果天線適當地操作(意指依照它的設計), 兩者間的差.異應該很小。任何兩者間之差異可用來提供發 射/接收模組2(^-20⑽中,耦合至該天線單元18^18⑽中之 一的可控制衰減器22及/或移相器2 4 —個控制訊號,以在 天線的接收模式下能有一合適正確的修正。在此正確修正 完成之後,該天線系統1 〇便已完成接收模式的校正。 在廠房或測試場所中的發射校正模式是以類似而逆向 的方式進行。也就是說,將一接收天線(圖未顯示)放置在 相位陣列天線單元的近場中。該發射/接收模組20t-20106 輪流被開啟並具有一射頻源(圖未顯示)供給埠1 7’ ^17’ π中 之一埠,以埠17、為例。當每個發射/接收模組2(^-2(^6
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I 五、發明說明¢12) 置於一發射模式下並被開啟時,耦合於上之天線單元 1 \ - 1 81()6便發射能量,並被接收天線(圖未顯示)所接收。 在輪流開啟的過程中,接收天線所接收的能量會被檢測。 被檢測能量之大小及相位會被記錄,i 〇 6個發射向量也备 被計算出來;每一個都對應著一個天線單元。隨著射頻曰源 ,流耦合至每一個其他埠Η、—17\,這個程序被•重複執’、 行。因此,在所有m個埠被執行後,每個天線單元i I — j 8 將會有一組m個的發射向量。每一組m個的發射向量經由g 小方均值的計算可得到一被量測/事後計算的發射向量對 應到天線單元1 -1 8m中的每一個單元。這些被量測/事 後計算的發射向量會與那些相對應的、經過設計、預先計 算過的接收向量做比較。如果天線適當地操作(意指依
i >%N 它的設計),兩者間的差異應該很小。任何兩者間之差異 "T用來&供發射/接收模組2 〇 t - 2 0 i〇6中,柄合至該天線單 元^^-18^6之一的可控制衰減器22及/或移相器24 —個控 制訊號,以在天線的發射模式下能有一合適正確的修正。 在此正確修正完成之後,該天線系統1 〇便已完成發射模式 的校正。 一旦衰減器及/或移相器執行了發射及接收模式的修 正後,且相位陣列系統依然放置於廠房或測試場所時(也 就是說剛完成了上述的校正程序後)’該校正系統42將耦 合至此天線系統(如圖1、3、4及相關說明)以找出該組天 線單元18^18^6中每個單元與預設的四個天線單元18!、 189、18g7及181(]6之間的耦合係數。因此,在接收校正模式
第16頁 ---41288^ 五、發明說明(13) η Λίί 明)中,射頻源78是經由開關43的璋44及 5 一0被耦^的,且開關70選擇了該校正天線單元中的一 兀,以早7L1 8丨為例。能量由天線單元18ι發射並藉由天 互搞合效應搞合至天線單元ΐδ「18⑽。同時,放 大™、足件16^1 6m被開啟且開關組件64也如上述般 每個射束埠1 5l-l5n輪流耦合至埠45 一段時間 ' 荖 收模式以使檢測器48能為1 〇 6個天線單元丨8丨8 , ,早兀產出m個大小及相位向量。計算出對應於每個天線 单元1 1 81(>6之一組111個向量的最小方均值便可得到每二個 天線單元的接收向量。由於天線10已完成校正這些校正 過的接收向量為爾後的量測誤差提供了 一個參考標準。這 些校正過的接收向量被存在計算器6 6的記憶體中。對校2 天線單元18i ' 1 8g、I897及18lfle中的其他三個也重複執行這 個私序。因此’在此接收校正模式的最後,在計算器6 6的 記憶體中存放了四組校正過之接收向量,每一組對應到四 個校正天線單元%、189、1 897及18⑽中的一個。 之後’校正系統便被置於如圖4及上述相關說明所提 及的發射校正模式。射頻源78經由埠44及45耦合至開關 64 ’埠5〇輕合至開關70。開關70在校正天線單元中選擇一 個’在此以單元1 8!為例。這襄要提到的是,在發射校正 模式中,開關4 3以如圖所示的方式組接,也就是將埠4 4電 耗合至埠45及將埠50電耦合至埠46。開關70將射頻源78轉 合至四個校正天線單元18丨、1 8g、I897及18咖中的一個,在
_ 五、發明說明(14) 此以天線單元ιδι為例。同時,每—個 被啟動且,組件64如前述般操作,輪流將每-Γ射束\ ^5 -至射頻源78 一段時間週期τ。在這週期的 母個週期中,模組2〇1-20咖輪流開啟並置於發射模式下, 以使檢測器48為106個天線單元18ι焉中的每個單元產出 m個大小及相位向量。計算出對應於每個天線單元丨& —丨 之一組m個向量的最小方均值便可得到每一個天線單元的6 發射向量《由於天線10已完成校正,這些校正過的發射向 量為爾後的量測誤差提供了 一個參考標準。這些校正過的 發射向量被存在計算器6 6的記憶體中。對校正天線單元 、18g、IS”及181G6中的其他三個也重複執行這個程序。 因此’在此發射校正模式的最後,在計算器66的記憶體中 存放了四組校正過之發射向量,每一組對應到四個校正天 線單元1 8]、1 89、1 8S7及1 81ϋΒ中的一個0 在天線系統1 0於場地中使用了一段相當的時間而需要 重新校正時,校正系統4 2就用來產生一組「被量測的」發 射及接收向量。這些新產生之「被量測的」發射及接收向 量是在廠房或測試場所中,經由前述相同的方式,使用了 校正系統42得出四組「被校正的」接收向量及四組「發 射」向量’這些都被存在計算器6 6的記憶體中。當天線系 統在校正時,四組存放於計算器6 6的I己憶體中的「被校正 的」接收向量及r發射」向量與新產生的四組「被量測 的」接收向量及四組「被量測的」發射向量間之差異必需 在一报小的範圍内。在此向量矩陣中每個向量間的實際差
第18頁 _41288S__ 五、發明說明(15) 異被用來計算得出一個增益及/或相位的修正,這項修正 送給了相對的模組2中相對的衰減器22及/或移相 器24。 現在請參考圖5,這是該四個預設校正天線單元排列 方式中可行的一個。特別說明的是,在此這1 〇 6個天線單 元被排列成1 0個集群。這個陣列有1 0預設校正天線單元’ 也就是被標示為 011、017、028、034、037、052、071、 089、092及095的單元,這些單元用來做為如圖2及相關說 〇 明所提及的校正天線單元。再特別提出的是,在此,天線 單元18^1 81()e的陣列是排列成數個集群,在此例中是1〇 個’集群8(^-8 01Q ’如圖所示。每一個集群8 會分別 有10個預設校正天線單元中的一個單元,在此是天線單元 18 18, 18,〇 ^ 18, 18, 1 889、1 871 及 1 837 相 18" 、 1 82g ,丄 u17 ,丄 .丄1 υ95 ' ί 〇92 對於集群’如圖所示。所以在此,開關7〇 (圖丨)將 有10個輸入端以_合至10個預設校正天線單元18 、18 、 11 2 9 18 ..1 834、1 852、1 8g5、1 892、1 889、1 871 及 1 837 中的一個。每 一個校正天線早元會為該集群的每一個天線單元產生^一組 「被校正的」發射向量及「被校正的」接收向量。這些' 「被校正的」向里會被儲存於計算器6 6的記憶體中,並做 為爾後校正時的參考標準。當此校正於場地中依前述之方 式進行時,雖已有10個校正天線單元丨8 U 、丄 〇17 、 18 18 18, 18, 18 1871 及1 8 ’對每個集群中的 每個天線單70還是產生出-組「被量測的」發射向量及 「被量測的」#收向量。兩者間的差做為提供衰減器22及
第19頁 412885 五、發明說明(16) 移相器2 4修正訊號之用,如同圖3、4及相關說明。 利用這種安排,每個集群藉由該集群中之校正天線單 元執行校正,使得在該集群的校正過程中,集群中的每個 天線單元間之動態變化範圍相當小。
其他的實施例包含於所附申請專利範圍之精神與範圍 中。舉例來說,當提及圓極化天線單元時,圓極化及平面 極化天線單元孔徑都可能被用到。對一個具有雙平面或單 平面極化埠的平面極化天線來說(例如在雙平面的例子中 是垂直及水平極化,在單平面的例子中是垂直或水平極 化)’校正單元是連接到非定向耦合器或是電磁 T(electromagnetic magic tees),在此最大或主要的耦 合埠是連接至該單元且該發射/接收模組及被耦合埠是連 接至校正零件鏈上。校正及正常操作模式對此種的校正單 元都是可行的。 再者’校正單元可以置於外緣或成群的方式來排列, 或是兩者混合使用。這些不同的排列方式是以 至最小及儘可能在正常模式下操作為目的來做選擇的。舉 例來說,在一個具有30〇個單元或更少的小天線孔徑牛 排列是最有效的。4目反的’―個具有數千個輻:元 的大天線孔徑中,成群排列是較好的。 又再者,校正単元埠可以使用正交圓極化、非 合器,或是專用的耦合埠組接(如有需要)。兴=向耦 正常模式下天線使用單一圓極化時,正交牛〇來說,在 元中被做為一個有效的耦合機制。對—個在杈正單 _右钛圓極化天線
五、發明說明(17) 孔徑來說,不丄 _ 將一非宏父之圓極化是左旋圓極化。另一種方式是, 做為提供校正Ϊ器插入校正單元及發射/接收模組之間’ 身或ΪΪΐΐ早元埠的方法。還有另一個方式是,單元本 單元不呈正常^或數個蜂可卩專門用於校正功能,使該 卜,、止吊模式的功能。 或不Μ Ϊ正的測試頻率及操作頻率可以含括於相同 從u恤,而校ί頻以以? 一其操作頻率 範圍内或外的頻率個或數個位於操作頻率 輻射Γ圍卜内校正程序是自“。也就是說在天線的 =需使用額外設備的。舉例來說,外接天 需要ήΓ ^ =收器、天線系統或是其等效的設備都是不 内的。此自含的校正=的儀器是包括在其本身之 測試天線零件。一板上;;算=延伸功用就是它可以自動 校之-部。這是說,由校以幻故為其自 所需之額外内建測試(Buin'In )、疋之又正貝料是連同 分析以找出天線系統内的零件est)數據經板上計算器 卞早及缺1¾。此愛/4* λα ϋ 障以故障圖來儲存,衍圭ι二芩件的故 大儲存…射/接收模組=續正途經·⑴增 二將修”數加諸於所有㈣ 接=:)’或 ⑺關閉故障零件並告知操作者以更換零件接收模,'且,或
1^· 第21頁

Claims (1)

  1. BB1 02Β^2ββζ 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種天線系統,包括: —校正系統,具有:一射頻輸入埠;一射頻檢測器 埠;一耦合至該射頻檢測器埠之射頻檢測器;及一天線單 元埠; '' 一聚束網路’具有複數陣列埠及複數射束埠; 複數天線單元; . 複數發射/接收模組,每個模組被耦合於該等天線單 元中一相對應單元與該等陣列埠中一相對應埠之間; 一開關組件’藉由該聚束網路及耦合於該網路之該等發射 /接收模組中其一之模組輪流地將該等天線單元中之一單 元選擇性地耦合至其中之一 :(a)該檢測器埠,於一接收 校正模式時;或(b)該射頻輸入埠,於一發射校正模式 時; 其中該開關組件中包括一開關,用以將該等天線單元 中一預設單元選擇性地耦合至其中之一 :(a)該校正系統 之該射頻輸入端,經由與該聚束網路隔離之一路徑且於該 接收校正模式時;或(b)該檢測器埠,經由與該聚束網路 隔離之一路徑且於該發射校正模式時。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線系統,其中該等 天線單元之該預設單元是置於該等單元的外圍附近。 3, 如申請專利範圍第1項所述,包括一能回應 射束控制指令訊號的射束控制計算器’ 1用以產生該等發射 /接收模組之增益及相位控制訊號’其中的射束控制指令 疋經由储存於該射束控制計算器並回應該射頻檢測器所產
    第22頁 112885 L圍 六、 申請專利範f 生之訊號而計算出的增益及相 4· -種天線系統的校正方法行修正的。 線單元、複數發射/接收模組以及一 =統具有複數天 束網路具有複數陣列埠及複數射束埠且詨' t,其中該聚 組之每一模組耦合至該等陣列埠之一 =f ^射/接收模 單元之-相對應單元,言亥方法包 步^棒及該等天線 備妥-校正系統具有:一射頻輸=驟、 埠;一耦合至射頻檢測器埠之射 ’射頻檢測器 埠; ⑴,及一天線單元 經由該聚束網路及耦合於上之該 之一模組,輪流地將該等天線單元中< f ^接收模組中 合至其中之-:(a)該檢測器埠 =J擇性地耦 或(b)該射頻測試輸入埠,於一欢接收扠正杈式時; 選擇性地將該等天線單、务射技_正模。式時;以及 之 一:U)該射頻測試輸入 二ϊ ί Ϊ f元搞合至其中 路徑且於該接收校正模t ,!由’、έΛ聚束網路隔離之 與該聚束網路隔離之—路^夺;或⑻該檢測器埠,經由 5 ·如申請專利範圍;4項且:、該發射^ 單元中之該預設單元是置兮斤述之方法’八中遠等天線 6.如申請專利範圍第4項該 /十天線^元外圍區域附近。 括一能回應射束控制所述之方;V其/該系統包 模組之增益及相位控制;=用以=等發射,接收 括下列步驟: 戒的射束控制計鼻器’該方法包 經由儲存於該射庚批 果控制計算器並回應該射頻檢測器所 ^12885 六、申請專利範圍 產生之气缺 -5- i而計算出的增益及相位校正數據來修改該等射 束控制指令。 ~ ' 種天線相位系統的校正方法,該天線相位系統且 有淨复i文天綠 οα /、 、|元,該單元是經由複數發射/接收模组耗合 至 $束網路’該方法包括下列步驟: ^ $收校正模式中,經由與該聚東網路隔離之一路 徑發射一 4f加 _ . 1頻能量測試訊號至該等天線單元中之一第一單 兀 , 在δ亥接收校正模式中,將該等天線單元中該第一單元
    所發射的能量耦合至該等天線單元中其他的單元; f該接收校正模式中,經由該聚束網路將耗合至該等 天線單元中之該第一單元之能量的一部傳送至一檢測器; 在一發射校正模式中,經由通過該聚束網路之一路徑 發射一射頻能量測試訊號至該等天線單元中之一第二單 元; w 在該發射校正模式中,將該等天線單元中之該第二個 單7C所發射的能量耦合至該等天線單元中其他的單元; 在該發射校正模式中,經由與該聚束網路隔離之一路 徑’將麵合至該等天線單元中之第二個單元之能量的一部 傳送至該檢測器;以及 測量傳送至該檢測器之射頻能量大小及相位。 8.如申請專利範圍第7項所述之方法’其中該系統包 括一能回應射束控制指令訊號、用以為該等發射/接收模 組產生增益及相位控制訊號的射束控制計算器,該方法包
    第24頁 六、申請專利範圍 括下列步驟 經由儲 產生之訊號 束控制指令 9. 如申 單元中該第 元,該等天 元中該第二 10, -马 具有複數天 列發射/接 數陣列埠中 方法包括下 在一接 徑發射一射 元; 在該接 戶斤發射的能 在一接 &中每個模 至該等天線 在一發 模組,以經 訊號耦合至 412885 存於,射束控制計算器並回應該射頻檢測器所 而a十算出的增益及相位校正數據來修改該等射 〇 請專利範圍第7項所述之方法,其中該等天線 一預設單元就是該等天線單元中該第二預設單 線單元中該第—個選擇的單元就是該等天線單 個選擇的單元。 童天^線相位系統的校正方法,該天線相位系統 線單元’該等天線單元中每個單元經由複數降 收模組中—相對應模組耦合至一聚束網路之複 一相對應埠,此聚束網路具有複數射束埠,該 列步驟: μ 收4父正模式中,經由與該聚束網路隔離之—路 頻能量測試訊號至該等天線單元中之一第—單 ,奴正模式中,將該等天線單元中該第一單元 量,合至該等天線單元中其他的單元; 组校正模式中’輪流地啟動該等發射/接收模 j 1以經由通過該聚束網路之一路徑使已耦人 H 中其他單元的射頻能量輕合至—檢測器· 由j正模式中,輪流地啟動該陣列發射/接收 一=過該聚束網路之一路徑使一射頻能量測試 線單元,該天線單元已耦合至該等天線單 (3
    第25頁 六、申請專利範圍 元中該已被開啟之單元; 在發射校正模式中’將該等天線單元所發射 合至該等天線單元中之一第二預設單元;射之-量耦 在發射校正模式中’經由與該聚束網路隔離之一路 經’將已麵合至該等天線單元中該第二預設單元之能量耦 合至§亥檢測器;以及 測量該已耦合至該檢測器之射頻能量大小及相位。 11 ·如申請專利範圍第1 〇項所述之方法,其中該系統 包括—能回應射束控制指令訊號、用以為該等發射/接收
    模組產生增益及相位控制訊號的射束控制計算器,該方法 包括下列步驟: 經由儲存於該射束控制計算器並回應該射頻檢測器所 產生之訊號而計算出的增益及相位校正數據來修改該等射 束控制指令。 a息 12·如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述之方法,其中該等天 Ϊ早7"中該第一預設單元就是該等天線單元中該第二預設 早7L 。
    第26頁
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CA2324276A1 (en) 1999-10-14
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