TW202325865A - 無方向性電磁鋼板、鐵心及馬達鐵芯、以及鐵心及馬達鐵芯的製造方法 - Google Patents
無方向性電磁鋼板、鐵心及馬達鐵芯、以及鐵心及馬達鐵芯的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202325865A TW202325865A TW111138711A TW111138711A TW202325865A TW 202325865 A TW202325865 A TW 202325865A TW 111138711 A TW111138711 A TW 111138711A TW 111138711 A TW111138711 A TW 111138711A TW 202325865 A TW202325865 A TW 202325865A
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Abstract
本發明之無方向性電磁鋼板具備:母材鋼板、及形成於母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜;母材鋼板之化學組成以質量%計為:C:0.0030%以下、Si:3.2~6.5%、Mn:0.05~3.5%、P:0.005~0.10%、S:0.0030%以下、Al:1.0%以下、Ti:0.0030%以下、B:0.0010%以下、Mo:0.030%以下、V:0.0010%以下、Ca:0~0.0050%、Mg:0~0.0050%、REM:0~0.0050%、以及剩餘部分:Fe及不純物;該母材鋼板之化學組成滿足[S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005];且絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足[[M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0]。
Description
本發明涉及無方向性電磁鋼板、鐵心及馬達鐵芯、以及鐵心及馬達鐵芯的製造方法。
近年來,地球環境問題備受矚目,對節省能源之對策的要求也愈發提高。其中亦強烈期待電器之高效率化。因此,關於作為馬達或發電機等的鐵心材料而被廣泛使用的無方向性電磁鋼板,針對提升磁特性的訴求亦進一步增強。
以電動汽車及動力混合車用的驅動馬達、以及空調的壓縮機用馬達而言,該傾向十分顯著。因此,對於該等各種馬達之馬達鐵芯用無方向性電磁鋼板會要求更進一步提升磁特性,尤其會要求低鐵損化。
為了低鐵損化,迄今一直係採行增加Si含量及減低硫化物(例如參照專利文獻1等)。Si含量的增加具有會使電阻率增加且會使渦電流損失降低的效果。又,藉由減少硫化物來減少會阻礙晶界移動的析出物,從而可促進粗粒化而可降低磁滯損失。除此之外,亦嘗試了藉由用以去除衝壓應變之弛力退火來改善磁特性。
先前技術文獻
專利文獻
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2000-54085號公報
發明欲解決之課題
然而,本案發明人等同時進行了高Si化、減少硫化物及實施弛力退火這3個磁特性改善對策,結果鐵損的改善量低於預期之量。
本發明係為了解決如上述之問題而做成者,其目的在於穩定獲得具低鐵損之無方向性電磁鋼板。
用以解決課題之手段
本發明主旨在於下述無方向性電磁鋼板、鐵心及馬達鐵芯、以及鐵心及馬達鐵芯的製造方法。
(1)一種無方向性電磁鋼板,具備:母材鋼板、及形成於前述母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜;
前述母材鋼板之化學組成以質量%計為:
C:0.0030%以下、
Si:3.2~6.5%、
Mn:0.05~3.5%、
P:0.005~0.10%、
S:0.0030%以下、
Al:1.0%以下、
Ti:0.0030%以下、
B:0.0010%以下、
Mo:0.030%以下、
V:0.0010%以下、
Ca:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0050%、
REM:0~0.0050%、以及
剩餘部分:Fe及不純物;
該母材鋼板之化學組成滿足下述(i)式;且
前述絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足下述(ii)式;
S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005 ・・・(i);
[M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0 ・・・(ii);
惟,上述(i)式中之元素符號代表前述母材鋼板中之各元素的含量(質量%),上述(ii)式中之[M]意指前述絕緣被膜中所含之選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的合計原子濃度(at%),[C]及[O]各自意指前述絕緣被膜中所含C及O之原子濃度(at%)。
(2)如上述(1)之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中前述母材鋼板之化學組成含有選自下述之1種以上來取代一部分的Fe:
以質量%計,
Sn:0.10%以下、
Sb:0.10%以下、
Ni:0.10%以下、
Cr:0.10%以下、及
Cu:0.10%以下。
(3)如上述(1)或(2)之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中前述母材鋼板之板厚小於0.30mm,且前述絕緣被膜之膜厚為1.0µm以下。
(4)如上述(1)至(3)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其用於以下用途:在衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,在750~900℃之溫度範圍內施行弛力退火。
(5)如上述(1)至(4)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N
2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,測定積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板其母材鋼板中之C濃度時,C濃度增加量為1ppm以下,該C濃度增加量係從退火前之前述無方向性電磁鋼板其母材鋼板中之C濃度起算之增加量。
(6)如上述(1)至(5)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N
2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,使用積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板測定之鐵損W
10/400小於11.5W/kg。
(7)如上述(1)至(6)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N
2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板之前述絕緣被膜中所含之碳化物量以碳含量換算計為10mg/m
2以上。
(8)一種鐵心,包含:如上述(1)至(7)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板。
(9)一種鐵心的製造方法,具有:將如上述(1)至(7)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板積層之步驟。
(10)一種馬達鐵芯,係積層複數片無方向性電磁鋼板而成者,且該馬達鐵芯包含:轉子鐵芯、及定子鐵芯;
前述無方向性電磁鋼板具備:母材鋼板、及形成於前述母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜;
前述母材鋼板之化學組成以質量%計為:
C:0.0030%以下、
Si:3.2~6.5%、
Mn:0.05~3.5%、
P:0.005~0.10%、
S:0.0030%以下、
Al:1.0%以下、
Ti:0.0030%以下、
B:0.0010%以下、
Mo:0.030%以下、
V:0.0010%以下、
Ca:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0050%、
REM:0~0.0050%、以及
剩餘部分:Fe及不純物;
該母材鋼板之化學組成滿足下述(i)式;
在構成前述轉子鐵芯之前述無方向性電磁鋼板中,前述絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足下述(ii)式;且
在構成前述定子鐵芯之前述無方向性電磁鋼板中,前述絕緣被膜中所含之碳化物量以碳含量換算計為10mg/m
2以上;
S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005 ・・・(i);
[M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0 ・・・(ii);
惟,上述(i)式中之元素符號代表前述母材鋼板中之各元素的含量(質量%),上述(ii)式中之[M]意指前述絕緣被膜中所含之選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的合計原子濃度(at%),[C]及[O]各自意指前述絕緣被膜中所含C及O之原子濃度(at%)。
(11)一種馬達鐵芯的製造方法,係針對如上述(1)至(7)中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板在衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,在750~900℃之溫度範圍內施行弛力退火。
發明效果
根據本發明,可穩定獲得具低鐵損之無方向性電磁鋼板。
用以實施發明之形態
本案發明人等為了解決上述課題而進行研討的結果,終至獲得以下知識見解。
在同時進行高Si化、減少硫化物及實施弛力退火這3個磁特性改善對策後,鐵損的改善程度不如預期,針對其原因首先進行了調查。
其結果,已知在積層複數片無方向性電磁鋼板後,若在高溫下施行弛力退火,則絕緣被膜中之有機樹脂會進行熱分解,雖然一部分會作為氣體被釋放,但剩餘的碳會游離及殘留。而且發現,該殘留的碳會侵入鋼板中並與鋼中之Si、Mn、Cr等進行反應,進而會在結晶晶界以SiC、MnC、CrC(化學鍵結比種類繁多,故省略)等碳化物之形態析出。這種反應會因複數片電磁鋼板在積層之狀態下被加熱而變得容易產生。該等碳化物會妨礙磁疇壁移動,因此係會使磁滯損失增加而導致鐵損劣化的主要原因。
在鋼中之Si含量低的情況下不會產生SiC等碳化物的析出。又,當未被以析出物消耗而剩下之所謂的自由S量很多時,可抑制絕緣被膜中之碳侵入鋼板中。而且,當弛力退火溫度低時,亦可抑制有機樹脂分解及碳侵入鋼板。亦即,當高Si化、減少硫化物及在高溫下實施弛力退火這3個條件備齊時,因碳化物析出所致之鐵損劣化會變得明顯。
於是,本案發明人等針對可抑制因碳化物析出所致之鐵損劣化的方法進一步反覆進行研討,結果發現藉由使絕緣被膜中含有選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素,在絕緣被膜中游離及殘留的碳會與該等元素進行反應而形成碳化物,進而變得無害。
本發明係根據上述知識見解所做成者。以下,詳細說明本發明之各要件。
1.整體構成
本發明一實施形態之無方向性電磁鋼板具備:母材鋼板、及形成於母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜。以下,說明母材鋼板及絕緣被膜之化學組成。
2.母材鋼板之化學組成
限定各元素的理由如以下所述。另外,在以下說明中,有關含量之「%」意指「質量%」。
C:0.0030%以下
C係雖然有助於鋼板之高強度化但會引起鐵損劣化的元素。若C含量大於0.0030%,在無方向性電磁鋼板中會產生鐵損劣化,而無法獲得良好磁特性。因此,C含量定為0.0030%以下。C含量宜為0.0027%以下,較宜為0.0025%以下。另外,過度減少C含量會招致製造成本上升,故宜定為0.0001%以上,較宜定為0.0005%以上。
Si:3.2~6.5%
Si係會使鋼之電阻上升且會改善鐵損的元素。又,Si由於固溶強化能力很大,因此在鋼板之高強度化上亦為有效元素。另一方面,Si含量若過多,加工性會明顯劣化,恐會難以實施冷軋延。因此,Si含量定為3.2~6.5%。Si含量宜為3.3%以上,且宜為6.0%以下、5.5%以下、5.0%以下或4.5%以下。
Mn:0.05~3.5%
Mn係會使鋼之電阻上升且會改善鐵損的元素。又,當Mn含量過低時,除了電阻的提升效果較小之外,還恐會析出微細的硫化物(MnS),進而致使精加工退火時的晶粒成長性劣化。另一方面,Mn含量若過多,磁通密度恐會降低。因此,Mn含量定為0.05~3.5%。Mn含量宜為0.10%以上或0.20%以上,且宜為3.0%以下、小於3.0%、2.8%以下或2.5%以下。
P:0.005~0.10%
P係作為不純物而含有於鋼中,其含量若過多,鋼板的延性恐會明顯降低。另一方面,P係固溶強化能力高的元素,因此在鋼板之高強度化方面係有效元素。又,P會跟C爭相進行晶界偏析,所以P亦具有可抑制在弛力退火後形成碳化物的效果。因此,P含量定為0.005~0.10%。P含量宜為0.050%以下。
S:0.0030%以下
S係以下元素:因形成MnS的微細析出物而使鐵損增加,從而會使鋼板的磁特性劣化的元素。因此,S含量定為0.0030%以下。S含量宜為0.0015%以下。雖然在S含量上無須設置下限,但若欲過度減少S便會招致製鋼成本大幅增加。因此,S含量宜為0.0005%以上。
Al:1.0%以下
Al係會使鋼之電阻上升且會改善鐵損的元素。然而,Al含量若過多,磁通密度恐會降低。因此,Al含量定為1.0%以下。Al含量宜為0.80%以下。若欲獲得上述效果,則Al含量宜為0.0005%以上,較宜為大於0.0010%、大於0.010%或為0.10%以上。另外,在本說明書中,Al含量意指sol.Al(酸溶性Al)的含量。
Ti:0.0030%以下
B:0.0010%以下
Mo:0.030%以下
V:0.0010%以下
Ti、B、Mo及V係無法避免地會混入的元素,並且會與碳或氮鍵結形成析出物(碳化物、氮化物)。當形成有碳化物或氮化物時,該等析出物本身恐會使得磁特性劣化。而且恐會阻礙精加工退火中之晶粒成長而會使磁特性劣化。因此,Ti含量定為0.0030%以下,B含量定為0.0010%以下,Mo含量定為0.030%以下,V含量定為0.0010%以下。
Ti含量宜為0.0020%以下,B含量宜為0.0008%以下,Mo含量宜為0.020%以下,V含量宜為0.0008%以下。另外,在該等元素之含量上無須設置下限,亦可為0%,但極度減少恐會招致製造成本增加。因此,Ti含量宜為0.0005%以上,B含量宜為0.0001%以上,Mo含量宜為0.005%以上,V含量宜為0.0001%以上。
Ca:0~0.0050%
Mg:0~0.0050%
REM:0~0.0050%
Ca、Mg及REM係會形成硫化物來將S固定住而有助於減少鐵損的元素,因此係以滿足下述(i)式之方式來含有選自該等元素中之1種以上。惟,若含有過多,經濟性恐會變差,故定為:Ca:0.0050%以下、Mg:0.0050%以下及REM:0.0050%以下。
S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005 ・・・(i)
惟,上述(i)式中之元素符號代表母材鋼板中之各元素的含量(質量%)。
Sn:0.10%以下
Sb:0.10%以下
Ni:0.10%以下
Cr:0.10%以下
Cu:0.10%以下
Sn、Sb、Ni、Cr及Cu係無法避免地會混入的元素。然而,由於該等元素亦為會使磁特性提升的元素,故亦可刻意含有。
惟,若含有過多,經濟性恐會變差,因此當要刻意含有時,該等元素之含量皆定為0.10%以下,且宜定為0.05%以下。另外,若欲獲得提升磁特性之效果,則宜含有選自下述之1種以上:Sn:0.01%以上、Sb:0.01%以上、Ni:0.01%以上、Cr:0.01%以上及Cu:0.01%以上。
在本發明母材鋼板之化學組成中,剩餘部分為Fe及不純物。此處所謂的「不純物」係指在工業上製造鋼時,由礦石、廢料等原料或因製造步驟的種種因素而混入之成分,且係指在不會對本發明造成不良影響的範圍內所容許之物。
3.絕緣被膜之化學組成
在本發明之無方向性電磁鋼板中,絕緣被膜之種類並無特別限制,但宜為磷酸系、氧化矽系、Zr系等無機化合物與有機樹脂之複合皮膜。雖然迄今主要係採用以重鉻酸鹽為主原料之鉻酸鹽系絕緣被膜,但六價鉻的毒性強,因此從保護製造時之作業環境的觀點來看,宜不含鉻。
又,有機樹脂之種類亦無限制,例如可採用選自丙烯酸樹脂、苯乙烯樹脂、丙烯酸-苯乙烯樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚酯樹脂、酚樹脂及胺甲酸酯樹脂中之1種以上。
為了要如先前所述這般將在絕緣被膜中游離及殘留的碳以碳化物的形態固定,進而使其變得無害,在本發明中,係使絕緣被膜中含有選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素。更具體而言,絕緣被膜之化學組成必須滿足下述(ii)式。
[M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0 ・・・(ii)
惟,上述(ii)式中之[M]意指選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的合計原子濃度(at%),[C]及[O]各自意指前述絕緣被膜中所含C及O之原子濃度(at%)。
另外,在上述元素之中,Zn的碳化物形成能力低。又,雖然Mn的碳化物形成能力較Zn佳,但相較於其他元素,Mn的碳化物形成能力較低。因此,絕緣被膜宜在滿足上述(ii)式之範圍內含有選自Zn除外之Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V及Mo中之1種以上元素,較宜在滿足上述(ii)式之範圍內含有選自Zn及Mn除外之Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V及Mo中之1種以上元素。
在本發明中,絕緣被膜中之[M]、[C]及[O]係按以下程序進行測定。一開始先針對絕緣被膜為包含磷酸系、氧化矽系等無機化合物者且該絕緣被膜可藉由鹼處理來溶解的情況進行說明。首先,用包含絕緣被膜之整個無方向性電磁鋼板來進行重量測定及化學組成分析。關於化學組成,在本實施形態中係藉由ICP-MS來進行[M]的分析。[C]係依據JIS G 1211-3:2018,藉由使試料燃燒並測定紅外線吸光度來進行分析(以下亦稱為「燃燒-紅外線吸收法」)。[O]係使試料在氦氣環境中之石墨坩堝內熔融,利用紅外線檢測器分析所產生之二氧化碳,藉此進行定量化。接著,針對藉由鹼處理去除絕緣被膜後的母材,同樣地進行重量測定及化學組成分析。並且,從去除絕緣被膜前後之差,算出絕緣被膜中之[M]、[C]及[O]。
接著,針對絕緣被膜為包含Zr系等無機化合物者且該絕緣被膜無法藉由鹼處理來溶解的情況進行說明。首先,以包含全部的絕緣被膜之方式,藉由機械研磨使僅表層部剝離。此時,研磨劑係使用氧化鋁。之後,使用鹽酸僅將附著於絕緣被膜之母材完全去除。然後,針對分離後之絕緣被膜藉由上述方法進行化學組成分析,並求算絕緣被膜中之[M]、[C]及[O]。
4.厚度
在本實施形態之無方向性電磁鋼板中,母材鋼板之板厚及絕緣被膜之膜厚無須特別設定限制。然而,在母材鋼板之板厚為0.30mm以上、或絕緣被膜之膜厚大於1.0µm的情況下,有機樹脂之熱分解所產生的碳變得容易從鋼板彼此的積層之間以二氧化碳的形態釋放,因而變得不易產生碳的游離及殘留。
亦即,在薄的母材鋼板及薄的絕緣被膜的情況下,本發明之效果容易明顯展現。因此,母材鋼板之板厚宜小於0.30mm,絕緣被膜之膜厚宜為1.0µm以下。
5.鐵心及馬達鐵芯
本發明一實施形態之鐵心係包含上述無方向性電磁鋼板者。上述鐵心可藉由積層複數片無方向性電磁鋼板而獲得。所積層之複數片無方向性電磁鋼板中的一部分或全部若為上述無方向性電磁鋼板即可。
又,本發明一實施形態之馬達鐵芯包含:轉子鐵芯、及定子鐵芯。在此,對於轉子鐵芯會要求其強度。因此,轉子鐵芯係藉由將上述無方向性電磁鋼板衝壓成預定形狀並積層複數片而獲得。亦即,並沒有對本實施形態之轉子鐵芯施行弛力退火。因此,在構成轉子鐵芯之無方向性電磁鋼板中,絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足上述(ii)式。
另一方面,對於定子鐵芯會要求更優異之磁特性。因此,定子鐵芯可藉由將上述無方向性電磁鋼板衝壓成預定形狀並積層複數片,然後施行弛力退火而獲得。如先前所述,在積層複數片無方向性電磁鋼板後施行弛力退火時,絕緣被膜中之有機樹脂會進行熱分解,從而一部分的碳會游離及殘留。在本發明中,係使絕緣被膜中含有選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素,藉此將在絕緣被膜中游離及殘留的碳以碳化物的形態固定。
因此,關於本實施形態之馬達鐵芯,在弛力退火後之絕緣被膜中、亦即在構成定子鐵芯之無方向性電磁鋼板之絕緣被膜中,以碳含量換算計包含10mg/m
2以上的碳化物。換言之,絕緣被膜中之碳化物量以碳含量換算計為10mg/m
2以上這點意指:藉由絕緣被膜中之有機樹脂進行熱分解而游離的碳、與從下述元素中選作絕緣被膜之構成元素的1種以上元素形成碳化物,而成功抑制該游離的碳侵入母材鋼板中;前述元素為Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn。絕緣被膜中之碳化物量亦可定為13mg/m
2以上,亦可進一步定為15mg/m
2以上。另外,上述碳化物係包含選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的碳化物。
絕緣被膜中之以碳含量換算計之碳化物量意指:在每單位面積之母材鋼板表面上所形成之絕緣被膜中所含碳化物中的碳量。在本實施形態中,絕緣被膜中之碳化物量係按以下程序進行測定。一開始先針對絕緣被膜為包含磷酸系、氧化矽系等無機化合物者且該絕緣被膜可藉由鹼處理來溶解的情況進行說明。首先,藉由鹼處理僅將絕緣被膜溶解。此時,碳化物不會溶解而會形成殘渣殘留於鹼溶液中。因此係在將該殘渣進行過濾並使其乾燥後,藉由燃燒-紅外線吸收法來測定碳量。然後,將該重量除以原本形成有已溶解之母材鋼板之絕緣被膜的表面面積,藉此求算絕緣被膜中之以碳含量換算計之碳化物量。
接著,針對絕緣被膜為包含Zr系等無機化合物者且該絕緣被膜無法藉由鹼處理來溶解的情況進行說明。首先,以包含全部的絕緣被膜之方式,藉由機械研磨使僅表層部剝離。此時,研磨劑係使用氧化鋁。之後,使用鹽酸將附著於絕緣被膜之母材完全去除。在將去除母材後之殘渣進行過濾並使其乾燥後,利用燃燒-紅外線吸收法來測定碳量。然後,將該碳量除以原本形成有已溶解之母材鋼板之絕緣被膜的表面面積,藉此求算絕緣被膜中之碳量。另外,可認為弛力退火後之絕緣被膜中並無殘留作為樹脂之碳,因此所測定之碳量皆由碳化物所致。
6.C濃度增加量與鐵損之關係
如先前所述,絕緣被膜中之有機樹脂會因在高溫下之弛力退火而進行熱分解,若游離及殘留之碳侵入母材鋼板而以SiC、MnC、CrC等析出的話,便會招致鐵損劣化。亦即,在弛力退火後之母材鋼板中的C濃度增加量越大,鐵損的劣化會變得越大。因此,在本發明中,係使用C濃度增加量作為鐵損的改善程度之指標。
C濃度增加量可藉由例如以下方法求算。首先,將5片100mm×100mm之無方向性電磁鋼板積層後,於N
2:100%(露點低於30℃)之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火。然後,在所積層之5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中取出積層方向中央的1片鋼板,測定母材鋼板中之C濃度。並且,將從退火前之母材鋼板中之C濃度起算之增加量定為C濃度增加量。
在此,關於母材鋼板中之C濃度,係在無方向性電磁鋼板之表面與背面這兩面各自藉由機械研磨將絕緣被膜去除。在此,為了完全去除絕緣被膜,係將絕緣被膜去除且在可看見母材部分後進一步在厚度方向上去除10µm。並且,在之後利用燃燒-紅外線吸收法針對剩下的母材鋼板進行C濃度之測定。
另外,在弛力退火後之母材鋼板中的C濃度增加量與鐵損之關係已藉由本案發明人等進行之預備實驗來確認。以下顯示其結果。
基於後述表1所示之試驗編號1之無方向性電磁鋼板調整絕緣被膜之化學組成,而準備了具有各種[M]-[C]+1/2×[O]之值的無方向性電磁鋼板。針對所得之無方向性電磁鋼板,以上述方法測定了C濃度增加量。
而且,針對相同的無方向性電磁鋼板、亦即在積層並退火後取出之積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板,實施JIS C 2550-1:2011所規定之愛普斯坦試驗。然後,將藉由在±1.0T間之直流測定所得之鐵損視為在1Hz下之磁滯損失Wh
10/1,在400Hz下之磁滯損失Wh
10/400則以該在1Hz下之磁滯損失的400倍來計算。
圖1係顯示C濃度增加量與鐵損(磁滯損失)之關係的圖。如圖1所示,在C濃度增加量與鐵損之間可確認良好的相關關係,C濃度增加量越低,鐵損越良好。由此可知:作為鐵損的改善程度之指標,C濃度增加量係有用的。
7.無方向性電磁鋼板的製造方法
用以製造本實施形態之無方向性電磁鋼板的方法並無特別限制。例如,可在將具有上述化學組成之扁胚加熱後施行熱軋延,並視需求進行熱軋板退火,再進行酸洗,施行冷軋延,然後施行精加工退火,藉此獲得母材鋼板。另外,亦可視需求在精加工退火後施行平整軋延。
熱軋板退火、冷軋延及精加工退火之條件並無特別限制,但熱軋板退火宜在900~1100℃之溫度區中進行。從軋延性之觀點來看,冷軋延亦可在軋延前加溫至80~300℃後再進行軋延。精加工退火宜在700~1050℃之溫度區中進行,較宜在900℃以下之溫度區中進行。
又,平整軋延中之軋縮率宜定為1~10%。藉由令軋縮率為1%以上,可充分獲得應變誘發晶粒成長所需之應變。另一方面,藉由令軋縮率為10%以下,可維持各結晶方位之應變量的不均。
接著,於所得之母材鋼板表面形成絕緣被膜。在此,形成絕緣被膜之步驟並無特別限定,只要使用具有上述化學組成之絕緣被膜處理液來進行處理液之塗佈及乾燥即可。惟,從抑制碳侵入母材鋼板中之觀點來看,重要的是要控制處理液之乾燥及燒附的升溫速度。
具體而言,處理液之乾燥及燒附的升溫速度宜定為40℃/秒以上,較宜定為50℃/秒以上。加熱速度慢時,被膜表面會平坦化,因而會阻礙弛力退火時的二氧化碳等之放洩,進而使碳往鋼中侵入之侵入量更增加,反之,若加熱速度快,則會形成微小的凹凸而變得容易避免碳之不良影響。
而且,燒附溫度宜定為270℃以上且350℃以下之範圍。燒附溫度低於270℃時,被膜表面會平坦化,因而會阻礙弛力退火時的二氧化碳等之放洩,進而使碳往鋼中侵入之侵入量更增加,反之,若燒附溫度高,則會形成微小的凹凸而變得容易避免碳之不良影響。另一方面,當燒附溫度過高時,被膜中之樹脂會在此階段開始燃燒,而衝壓性變差。燒附溫度較宜定為300℃以上且350℃以下。
另外,針對欲形成絕緣被膜之母材鋼板表面,可在塗佈處理液前施行以鹼等進行之脫脂處理、或以鹽酸、硫酸及磷酸等進行之酸洗處理等任意的前處理,亦可不施行該等前處理而呈精加工退火後之狀態。
8.鐵心及馬達鐵芯的製造方法
本發明一實施形態之鐵心的製造方法具有:將上述無方向性電磁鋼板積層之步驟。此時,係將複數片無方向性電磁鋼板積層。所積層之複數片無方向性電磁鋼板中的一部分或全部若為上述無方向性電磁鋼板即可。
又,針對上述無方向性電磁鋼板在衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,實施弛力退火,藉此可獲得馬達鐵芯。另外,如先前所述,對於轉子鐵芯宜不施行弛力退火,所以此處所謂的馬達鐵芯宜為定子鐵芯。
弛力退火之條件並無特別限制,從改善磁特性之觀點來看,宜在高溫下進行弛力退火,具體而言,宜將退火溫度定為750~900℃之溫度範圍。退火時間亦無限制,宜定為例如0.5~5.0小時。另外,退火時間為馬達鐵芯達750℃以上之時間,在低於750℃之升溫時間、冷卻時間適當設定即可。
雖然如先前所述,在高溫下進行弛力退火的情況下,因碳化物析出所致之鐵損劣化容易變得明顯,但是在本發明中可藉由使絕緣被膜之化學組成適當化來抑制鐵損劣化變得明顯。換言之,本實施形態之無方向性電磁鋼板適合用於以下用途:在衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,在750~900℃之溫度範圍內施行弛力退火。
以下,利用實施例更具體地說明本發明,惟本發明不限於該等實施例。
實施例
在將具有預定化學組成之扁胚加熱至1150℃後,以精加工溫度800℃且精加工板厚2.2mm來實施熱軋延,並在700℃下進行捲取而製成熱軋鋼板。對所得熱軋鋼板施行950℃×40秒之熱軋板退火,並藉由酸洗去除了表面的鏽皮。進一步,藉由冷軋延將上述鋼板製成板厚0.25mm的冷軋鋼板。
之後,按900℃×20秒之條件進行精加工退火而製成母材鋼板。於表1列示所得母材鋼板之化學組成。又,母材鋼板之厚度皆為0.25mm。
[表1]
接著,於母材鋼板表面塗佈由表2所示成分所構成之絕緣被膜處理液,之後在大氣中按表2所示溫度進行燒附來形成絕緣被膜,而製成無方向性電磁鋼板。於表2中一併列示絕緣被膜之化學組成及膜厚。
[表2]
之後,將所得之無方向性電磁鋼板衝壓成預定形狀並積層5片後,於N
2:100%(露點-30℃)之氣體環境中進行在800℃維持2小時之弛力退火。然後,在所積層之5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中取出積層方向中央的1片鋼板,針對該無方向性電磁鋼板,藉由JIS C 2550-1:2011所規定之愛普斯坦試驗測定了鐵損W
10/400(W/kg)。另外,鐵損W
10/400意指在最大磁通密度為1.0T且頻率400Hz之條件下產生的總鐵損。在本實施例中,若鐵損W
10/400小於11.5W/kg則判斷為低鐵損。
接著,針對上述積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板,測定母材鋼板中之C濃度,並與退火前之母材鋼板中之C濃度比較,藉此求出C濃度增加量。於表2中一併列示其結果。
如表2所示,滿足(ii)式之本發明例的試驗編號1~3、5~7、9、10、12、16~18、20、21及23,其等得C濃度增加量為1ppm以下且在鐵損方面亦優異的結果。另一方面,比較例之試驗編號4、8、13~15及19由於不滿足(ii)式,因此得C濃度增加量變大而鐵損劣化的結果。另外,試驗編號11即便不滿足(ii)式,但因為絕緣被膜之膜厚大於1.0µm,故C濃度增加量並沒有變大。又,試驗編號22不滿足(i)式,因此即便滿足(ii)式且C濃度增加量為1ppm以下,仍得鐵損劣化的結果。
此外,試驗編號24由於燒附條件不適當,因此得C濃度增加量變大而鐵損劣化的結果。而且,試驗編號25由於燒附條件不適當且亦不滿足(ii)式,因此得C濃度增加量變大而鐵損劣化的結果。
產業上之可利用性
如以上所述,根據本發明,可穩定獲得具低鐵損之無方向性電磁鋼板。
(無)
圖1係顯示C濃度增加量與鐵損(磁滯損失)之關係的圖。
Claims (11)
- 一種無方向性電磁鋼板,具備:母材鋼板、及形成於前述母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜; 前述母材鋼板之化學組成以質量%計為: C:0.0030%以下、 Si:3.2~6.5%、 Mn:0.05~3.5%、 P:0.005~0.10%、 S:0.0030%以下、 Al:1.0%以下、 Ti:0.0030%以下、 B:0.0010%以下、 Mo:0.030%以下、 V:0.0010%以下、 Ca:0~0.0050%、 Mg:0~0.0050%、 REM:0~0.0050%、以及 剩餘部分:Fe及不純物; 該母材鋼板之化學組成滿足下述(i)式;且 前述絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足下述(ii)式; S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005 ・・・(i); [M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0 ・・・(ii); 惟,上述(i)式中之元素符號代表前述母材鋼板中之各元素的含量(質量%),上述(ii)式中之[M]意指前述絕緣被膜中所含之選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的合計原子濃度(at%),[C]及[O]各自意指前述絕緣被膜中所含C及O之原子濃度(at%)。
- 如請求項1之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中前述母材鋼板之化學組成含有選自下述之1種以上來取代一部分的Fe: 以質量%計, Sn:0.10%以下、 Sb:0.10%以下、 Ni:0.10%以下、 Cr:0.10%以下、及 Cu:0.10%以下。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中前述母材鋼板之板厚小於0.30mm,且前述絕緣被膜之膜厚為1.0µm以下。
- 如請求項1至請求項3中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其用於以下用途:衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,在750~900℃之溫度範圍內施行弛力退火。
- 如請求項1至請求項4中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N 2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,測定積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板其母材鋼板中之C濃度時,C濃度增加量為1ppm以下,該C濃度增加量係從退火前之前述無方向性電磁鋼板其母材鋼板中之C濃度起算之增加量。
- 如請求項1至請求項5中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N 2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,使用積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板測定之鐵損W 10/400小於11.5W/kg。
- 如請求項1至請求項6中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板,其中將5片前述無方向性電磁鋼板積層,再於N 2:100%、露點-30℃之氣體環境中施行在800℃維持2小時之退火後,在所積層之前述5片無方向性電磁鋼板之中,積層方向中央的1片無方向性電磁鋼板之前述絕緣被膜中所含之碳化物量以碳含量換算計為10mg/m 2以上。
- 一種鐵心,包含:如請求項1至請求項7中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板。
- 一種鐵心的製造方法,具有:將如請求項1至請求項7中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板積層之步驟。
- 一種馬達鐵芯,係積層複數片無方向性電磁鋼板而成者,且該馬達鐵芯包含:轉子鐵芯、及定子鐵芯; 前述無方向性電磁鋼板具備:母材鋼板、及形成於前述母材鋼板表面之絕緣被膜; 前述母材鋼板之化學組成以質量%計為: C:0.0030%以下、 Si:3.2~6.5%、 Mn:0.05~3.5%、 P:0.005~0.10%、 S:0.0030%以下、 Al:1.0%以下、 Ti:0.0030%以下、 B:0.0010%以下、 Mo:0.030%以下、 V:0.0010%以下、 Ca:0~0.0050%、 Mg:0~0.0050%、 REM:0~0.0050%、以及 剩餘部分:Fe及不純物; 該母材鋼板之化學組成滿足下述(i)式; 在構成前述轉子鐵芯之前述無方向性電磁鋼板中,前述絕緣被膜之化學組成滿足下述(ii)式;且 在構成前述定子鐵芯之前述無方向性電磁鋼板中,前述絕緣被膜中所含之碳化物量以碳含量換算計為10mg/m 2以上; S-5/3×Mg-4/5×Ca-1/4×REM<0.0005 ・・・(i); [M]-[C]+1/2×[O]>0 ・・・(ii); 惟,上述(i)式中之元素符號代表前述母材鋼板中之各元素的含量(質量%),上述(ii)式中之[M]意指前述絕緣被膜中所含之選自Mn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、V、Mo及Zn中之1種以上元素的合計原子濃度(at%),[C]及[O]各自意指前述絕緣被膜中所含C及O之原子濃度(at%)。
- 一種馬達鐵芯的製造方法,係針對如請求項1至請求項7中任一項之無方向性電磁鋼板在衝壓成預定形狀並積層後,在750~900℃之溫度範圍內施行弛力退火。
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