TW202307094A - 反應產物、其製造方法、及包括其之可固化組成物 - Google Patents
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKRQMTFHUVDMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C=CC[Si](CC=C)(CC=C)CC=C AKRQMTFHUVDMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
- C08G77/50—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/60—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
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Abstract
Description
本揭露廣泛地關於含矽的有機反應產物、其製造方法、及包括其之可固化組成物。
第五代無線(5G)係蜂巢式技術之最新迭代,設計用以大幅增加無線網路之速度及回應性。利用5G,資料透過無線寬頻連接可以數十億位元(multigigabit)的速度進行傳輸,根據估計其潛在峰值速度高達每秒20十億位元(Gbit/s)。其速度提升的部分是藉由使用比現行蜂巢式網路更高頻率的無線電波來達成。然而,較高頻率的無線電波具有比先前網路所使用之頻率更窄的頻率範圍。因此,為確保較廣域的服務,5G網路提升至三個頻帶,即低、中、及高的頻率操作。5G網路將由多達三種不同類型的蜂窩網路構成,各蜂窩網路皆需要不同的天線,而各種蜂窩網路對於下載速度和距離及服務區域之間的權衡,各自具有差異。5G手機及無線裝置將透過其位置處範圍內之最高速的天線連接至網路。
低頻帶5G使用一種類似現行4G手機的頻率範圍,600至700MHz,提供稍微高於4G的下載速度:每秒30至250兆位元
(Mbit/s)。低頻帶行動通訊基地台將具有類似於現行4G行動通訊基地台的範圍及覆蓋區域。中頻帶5G使用2.5至3.7GHz的微波,目前速度可達100至900Mbit/s,其中各行動通訊基地台提供的服務半徑可高達數英哩。高頻帶5G使用25至39GHz之頻率,接近毫米波段底端,以實現每秒1至3十億位元(Gbit/s)的下載速度,相當於有線網路。
現今電信產業中使用的許多材料在5G頻率下表現不佳。因此,5G的較高頻率需要識別及開發一些材料,該等材料在該等頻率下可以發揮功能且不干擾電子裝置在高頻帶波長下通訊時之正常功能。
本揭露提供新穎且有用的組成物,其具有低介電常數及/或低介電損耗特徵,並且適用於支援5G的無線通訊裝置,尤其適用於作為間隙填料及有機發光二極體(OLED)封裝油墨之內容物。
在一態樣中,本揭露提供一種組分的反應產物,其包含:
脂環烴,其含有至少一個五元環或六元環,且具有至少兩個碳-碳多鍵;及
第一有機矽烷,其由下式表示:
其中各R獨立地表示具有1至8個碳原子之脂族烴基,且Z表示-(CH2)y或-(OSiR2)y-,其中y係1至18之整數。
本揭露之反應產物可由多種方法製造。因此,在第二態樣中,本揭露提供一種兩部分可固化組成物,其包含:
部分A,其包含:
本揭露之一反應產物,及
矽氫化催化劑;及
部分B,其包含由下式表示之第二有機矽烷:
其中各R獨立地表示具有1至8個碳原子之脂族烴基,且Z表示-(CH2)y或-(OSiR2)y-,其中y係1至18之整數。
以及,在另一態樣中,本揭露提供一種可固化組成物,其包含本揭露之反應產物及一自由基起始劑。
所述反應產物可由一矽氫化反應製成。因此,在又另一態樣中,本揭露提供一種製造反應產物之方法,該方法包含結合以下組分:
a)脂環烴,其含有至少一個五元環或六元環,且具有至少兩個碳-碳多鍵;
b)第一有機矽烷,其由下式表示:
其中各R獨立地表示具有1至8個碳原子之脂族烴基,且Z表示-(CH2)y或-(OSiR2)y-,其中y係1至18之整數;及
c)矽氫化催化劑。
如本文中所使用:
用語「脂環(alicyclic)」意指含有一或多個全碳環,其可為飽和或不飽和碳環,但不具有芳族特徵,且其可具有一或多個脂族側鏈;且
用語「矽氫化(hydrosilylation)」及「氫矽化(hydrosilation)」係等效的。
除非另外說明,否則本文中所使用之所有數值範圍均包括其端點。一旦將實施方式及所附申請專利範圍納入考量,將進一步理解本發明之特徵及優點。
本揭露之反應產物可為以下成分之反應產物,其包含:脂環烴,其包含至少一個五元環或六元環,且具有至少兩個碳-碳多鍵,及由下式表示之有機矽烷:
各R獨立地表示具有1至8個碳原子之脂族烴基。例示性R基團包括甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、
戊基、異戊基、環戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、辛基、及異辛基。在一些較佳實施例中,各R獨立地表示具有1至4個碳原子之烷基(例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、異丁基、或三級丁基),較佳為甲基或乙基。
Z表示-(CH2)y-或-(OSiR2)y-,其中R如前述定義且y係1至18之整數。例示性y值係1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、7,及18。在一些實施例中,y係1至8之整數,較佳為1至6,且更佳為1至4。
適用於本揭露之有機矽烷可由市售來源取得,例如Gelest,Inc.,Morrisville,Pennsylvania及/或MilliporeSigma,Saint Louis,Missouri,或由已知方法合成。例如,氫矽烷可藉由使用反應性金屬氫化物進行相對應之氯基或烷氧基矽烷之氫化還原反應而合成,該反應性金屬氧化物諸如鋁氫化鋰(LiAlH4)、硼氫化鈉、及二異丁基氫化鋁(DIBAL-H)。
該脂環烴含有至少一個五元環或六元環,且具有至少兩個碳-碳多鍵。在一些實施例中,該至少兩個碳-碳多鍵中之至少一者係包含在該至少一個五元環或六元環之內。在一些實施例中,該五元環或六元環與2至4個具有式-(CH2)xCH=CH2的單價基團鍵結。各x獨立地係0或1。
例示性可用的脂環烴包括二乙烯基環己烷、二烯丙基環己烷、三乙烯基環己烷、三烯丙基基環己烷、二烯丙基環戊烷、四乙烯基環己烷、四烯丙基環己烷、環戊二烯、二環戊二烯、乙烯基降莰
烯、烯丙基降莰烯、乙烯基環己烯、烯丙基環己烯、二乙烯基環戊烯、丁烯基環己烯、辛烯基環己烯、二烯丙基環戊烯、5-亞乙基降莰烯、5-亞丙基降莰烯、5-亞己基降莰烯、5-亞癸基降莰烯、5-亞甲基-6-甲基降莰烯、5-亞甲基-6-己基降莰烯、5-亞環己基降莰烯、5-亞環辛基降莰烯、7-亞異丙基降莰烯、5-甲基-7-亞異丙基降莰烯、甲基-6-亞甲基降莰烯、7-亞乙基降莰烯、及5-甲基-7-亞丙基降莰烯、及其組合。
可用的脂環烴可由市售來源取得,例如MilliporeSigma及/或利用已知方法加以合成。
反應產物可係線性聚合物或支鏈聚合物。在一些較佳實施例中,反應產物包含超支化聚合物,較佳係具有複數個乙烯基團。超支化聚合物(例如,反應產物)係具有多重反應性鏈端之高度分枝三維(3D)結構。一般而言,超支化聚合物不構成三維交聯網路。超支化聚合物可根據化學技術領域習知的方法,在製造時留心注意化學計量來製造。
本揭露之前述反應產物可藉由矽氫化化學製造,例如藉由結合以下組分,包含:
a)脂環烴,其含有至少一個五元環或六元環,且具有至少兩個碳-碳多鍵;
b)有機矽烷,其由下式表示:
如先前所描述;及
c)矽氫化催化劑。
矽氫化,亦稱為催化矽氫化,描述在不飽和鍵上添加Si-H鍵結。矽氫化反應一般藉由鉑催化劑催化,且通常會加熱以實施反應。在此反應中,在雙鍵上添加Si-H以形成新的C-H及Si-C鍵結。此程序已描述於例如PCT公開案第WO 2000/068336號(Ko et al.)及PCT公開案第WO 2004/111151號(Nakamura)及WO 2006/003853號(Nakamura)中。
可用的矽氫化催化劑可包括熱催化劑(其可在室溫或更高的溫度下活化)及/或光催化劑。在這些催化劑中,較佳者為光催化劑,因其具有延長的儲存穩定性及易於操作。例示性熱催化劑包括鉑錯合物,諸如H2PtCl6(施派爾(Speier)催化劑);有機金屬鉑錯合物,諸如例如,鉑與二乙烯二矽氧烷(卡斯泰德催(Karstedt)催化劑)之配位錯合物;及三苯基膦氯化銠(I)(威爾金森(Wilkinson)催化劑),
可用的鉑光催化劑已揭露於如美國專利第7,192,795號(Boardman et al.)及其中引用之參考文獻。較佳的鉑光催化劑係選自由以下成分所組成之群組:Pt(II)β-二酮錯合物(諸如揭露於美國專利第5,145,886號(Oxman et al.))、(η5-環戊二烯基)三(σ-脂族)鉑錯合物(諸如揭露於美國專利第4,916,169號(Boardman et al.)及美國專利第4,510,094號(Drahnak))、及C7-20-芳香族取代之(η5-環戊二烯基)三(σ-脂族)鉑錯合物(諸如揭露於美國專利第6,150,546號(Butts))。矽氫化光催化劑係根據習知的方法藉由照射光化輻射(一般係紫外光)活化。
矽氫化催化劑的量可為任何有效量。在一些實施例中,每百萬重量份的總組成物中存在矽氫化催化劑的量為約0.5至約30重量份的鉑,然而亦可使用較多或較少的量。
當與自由基起始劑結合時,根據本揭露具有側接乙烯基之矽氫化反應產物可用於可固化組成物中。可用的自由基起始劑可包括熱自由基起始劑,諸如例如有機過氧化物(例如甲基乙基酮過氧化物、二異丙苯基過氧化物、或苯甲醯基過氧化物)及偶氮化合物(例如偶氮雙異丁腈)、無機過氧化物(例如過硫酸鈉)及/或光起始劑,諸如例如,第1型(例如,2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基-乙-1-酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、及2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮)、及第II型光起始劑(例如二苯甲酮及異丙基硫雜蒽酮)。其他合適起始劑為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者之已知。
自由基起始劑的量一般為可固化組成物之0.01至10重量百分比,較佳地0.1至3重量百分比,然亦可使用其他量。可以使用自由基起始劑之組合。固化可藉由在使用熱自由基起始劑之時加熱產生,或在使用光起始劑時暴露於光化輻射(例如紫外線及/或可見光)之下產生。
在另一實施例中,兩部分可固化組成物包含部分A組分,該部分A組分含有根據本揭露之矽氫化反應產物及矽氫化催化劑,例如如上所述。部分B組分含有由下式表示之有機矽烷:
其中R如先前定義。
根據本揭露之可固化及經固化組成物可用於,例如封裝材料、間隙填料、密封劑、油墨(例如用於封裝OLED電子組件之油墨)及/或在5G相容設備中使用之電子組件之黏著劑。
根據本揭露之可固化組成物可包括各種添加劑,諸如,導熱及/或導電填料粒子。
例示性電絕緣熱填料包括氮化硼、氮化鋁、氮化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鎂、氧化鋅、氧化矽、氧化鈹、氧化鈦、氧化銅、氧化亞銅、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鋁、碳化矽、鑽石、滑石、雲母、高嶺土、膨土、菱美礦、葉蠟石、硼化鈦、鈦酸鈣、及其組合。氮化硼可具有任何結構,諸如c-BN(立方結構)、w-BN(纖鋅礦型結構)、h-BN(六角形結構)、r-BN(菱面體結構)、或t-BN(無序重疊結構)。在這些中,就導熱性及成本而言,較佳為氧化鋁、氫氧化鋁、氧化鋅、氮化硼、及氮化鋁。更佳為氧化鋁及氫氧化鋁,且特別較佳為氫氧化鋁。
例示性導電性導熱填料包括石墨、碳黑、碳纖維(瀝青基、PAN基)、碳奈米管(CNT)、石墨烯、碳纖維、銀、銅、鐵、鎳、鋁、鈦、其合金、不銹鋼(SUS)、摻雜不同元素之氧化鋅、鐵氧體、及其組合。絕緣原料,諸如二氧化矽,可經導電導熱原料塗佈以使其導電,或導電導熱原料可經絕緣原料(諸如二氧化矽)塗佈以使其絕緣,且這些可用作導熱原料。
熱填料粒子較佳地具有之至少1.0W/m.K、至少1.2W/m.K、至少1.5W/m.K、至少1.7W/m.K、至少2.0W/m.K、至少2.0W/m.K、至少10W/m.K、至少20W/m.K、至少40W/m.K、或甚至至少50W/m.K之熱導率,然而亦可使用較低及較高的熱導率。
本揭露之目的及優點係藉由以下之非限定實例來進一步說明,但不應過度解讀這些實例中詳述的特定材料及其用量、以及其他條件及細節而限制本發明。
實例
除非另有說明,否則本說明書中之實例及其餘部分中的份數、百分率、比率等皆依重量計。除非另外說明,否則所有其他試劑均獲自、或可購自精密化學品供應商,諸如例如MilliporeSigma Company,St.Louis,Missouri,或可由已知方法合成。
表1(下表)列出在實例中所使用的材料及其來源。
測試方法
液體用圓柱介電共振器測量,在2.45GHZ之下進行
使用TE01δ型圓柱介電共振器在2.45GHz頻率下測量介電質的複介電率,其方法係使用精密電磁測量會議期刊「TE01 Δ介電共振器技術,用於在低於1GHz之頻率下的損耗液體的複介電率測量」(Krupka,K.Derzakowski、M.D.Janezic、及J.Baker-Jarvis,第469至470頁,倫敦,2004年6月27日至7月2日)」所描述之方法。
藉由微差掃描熱量法(DSC)進行特徵分析
進行熱分析的DSC樣本係藉由將材料稱重並裝載至TA Instruments(New Castle,Delaware)的鋁製DSC樣本盤中製備。使用TA Instruments Discovery微差掃描熱量計(DSC-SN DSC1-0091),在標準模式下利用加熱-冷卻-加熱法(以10℃/min速度,從-155℃至約50℃)來分析樣品。在資料收集之後,使用TA Universal Analysis程式分析熱轉移(thermal transition)。使用標準熱流(HF)曲線中的步階變化評估玻璃轉移溫度。記錄第二熱轉移的中點(半高)溫度。
藉由熱重分析法(TGA)進行特徵分析
使用TA Instruments Discovery熱重分析儀在HiRes模式下進行樣本分析。各樣本係裝載至高溫的鉑TGA盤中。使各樣本在空氣氣氛中以線性加熱速率20.0℃/min,經受從室溫(約35℃)至800℃之加熱溫度曲線。
比較例1(CE-A)
線性聚合物1之製備:將1,1,4,4-四甲基-1,4-二矽丁烷(25克(g),0.171莫耳(mol))逐滴添加至1,7-辛二烯(19.8g,0.179mol,5mol%過量)及鉑二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,含3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)之甲苯溶液(100毫升(mL))中。在初始放熱後,將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌2天,並在真空中移除甲苯及過量的單體,以得到呈黏性液體的產物。
實例1(EX-1)
線性聚合物2之製備:將1,1,4,4-四甲基-1,4-二矽丁烷(4.87g,0.033mol)逐滴添加至5-乙烯基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯(4.00g,0.033mol)及鉑二乙烯四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)之甲苯溶液(20mL)中。初始放熱後,將反應混合物在60℃攪拌12小時。進一步添加乙烯基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯(0.05g),
且將混合物在60℃進一步下攪拌12小時。在真空中移除甲苯及過量的單體,以得到呈黏性液體的產物。
比較例B(CE-B)
超支化聚合物3之製備:將1,1,4,4-四甲基-1,4-二矽丁烷(8.81g,0.068mol)逐滴添加至包含四烯丙基矽烷(17.9g,0.106mol,3.1莫耳過剩的烯丙基)及鉑二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)之甲苯溶液(80mL)中。在初始放熱後,將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌3天,並在真空中移除甲苯,以得到粗製品。將此粗製品用乙腈(3×20mL)洗滌,且移除上面的乙腈相。在真空中乾燥後,得到呈黏性液體的產物。
實例2(EX-2)
超支化聚合物4之製備:將1,1,4,4-四甲基-1,4-二矽丁烷(6.24g,0.0602mol)逐滴添加至1,2,4-三乙烯基環己烷(9.69g,0.0597,2.1莫耳過剩的乙烯基)及鉑二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)於甲苯(30mL)之溶液中。在初始放熱後,將反應混合物於60℃下攪拌3天,並在真空中移除甲苯,以得到粗製品。將此粗製品用乙腈(3×20mL)洗滌,且移除上面的乙腈相。在真空中乾燥後,得到呈蠟狀固體產物(熔點<80℃)。
比較例C(CE-C)
超支化聚合物5之製備:將1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷(5.90g,0.0440mol)逐滴添加至包含四乙烯基矽烷(9.29g,0.0681mol,3.1莫耳過剩的乙烯基)及鉑二乙烯基四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)之甲苯溶液(60mL)中。在初始放熱後,將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌2天,並在真空中移除甲苯及過量的單體,以得到呈黏性液體的產物。
實例3(EX-3)
超支化聚合物6之製備:將1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷(6.60g,0.0491mol)逐滴添加至1,2,4-三乙烯基環己烷(11.2g,0.0688mol,2.1莫耳過剩的乙烯基)及鉑二乙烯四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物(1滴,3wt.% Pt於乙烯基封端之PDMS中)之甲苯溶液(80mL)中。在初始放熱後,將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌2天,並在真空中移除甲苯及過量的單體,以得到呈黏性液體的產物。將此粗製品用乙腈(3×20mL)洗滌,且移除上面的乙腈相。在真空中乾燥後,得到呈黏性液體的產物。
下方之表2記錄超支化聚合物1至6(即反應產物)之介電常數、損耗因子、玻璃轉移溫度、及TGA數據(在空氣中的5%重量損失溫度)。
熱固化
藉由添加2wt.%過氧化二異丙苯,再經由吸量管將0.25mL調配物放置於顯微鏡載玻片上,並且在150℃下加熱120分鐘來熱固化物CE-B、EX-2、CE-C、及EX-3。
前述為了讓該項技術領域中具有通常知識者能夠實行本揭露的實施方式,不應解讀為限制本發明之範疇,本發明之範疇係由申請專利範圍及所有其均等論述所界定。
Claims (16)
- 如請求項1之反應產物,其中Z表示-(CH2)y-。
- 如請求項1之反應產物,其中Z表示-(OSiR2)y-。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之反應產物,其中該五元環或六元環與2至4個具有式-(CH2)xCH=CH2的單價基團鍵結,其中各x獨立地係0或1。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之反應產物,其中該至少兩個碳-碳多鍵之至少一者係包含在該至少一個五元環或六元環內。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之反應產物,其中該反應產物係超支化且包含複數個乙烯基團。
- 如請求項7之兩部分可固化組成物,其中該矽氫化催化劑包含鉑或銠。
- 一種可固化組成物,其包含:如請求項6之反應產物,及自由基起始劑。
- 如請求項9之可固化組成物,其中該自由基起始劑包含有機過氧化物。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該矽氫化催化劑包含鉑或銠。
- 如請求項11或12之方法,其中Z表示-(CH)2)y-。
- 如請求項11或12之方法,其中Z表示-(OSiR2)y-。
- 如請求項11至14中任一項之方法,其中該五元環或六元環與2至4個具有式-(CH2)xCH=CH2的單價基團鍵結,其中各x獨立地係0或1。
- 如請求項11至15中任一項之方法,其中該反應產物係超支化且包含複數個乙烯基團。
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